Structural crack extension direction determination method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a tectonic fracture extension direction determination method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that the stratum trend of a structural fracture target reservoir is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of a structural fracture is determined according to the stratum trend; wherein the stratum trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the tectonic fracture; according to at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, determining two crack alternative directions of the structural crack by adopting a pre-stack anisotropy inversion mode; wherein the amplitude comprises an azimuth angle and an incident angle; and direction included angles between the crack constraint direction and the two crack alternative directions are determined respectively, and the crack extension direction of the structural crack is determined from the two crack alternative directions according to the direction included angles. By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the ambiguity problem caused by determining the alternative direction of the crack by a traditional method is eliminated by adopting the crack constraint direction, the crack extension direction is uniquely determined, and the crack prediction precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and in particular to a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture. Background Art

[0002] Oil and gas reservoirs formed by the accumulation of oil and gas in fracture-type closures are called fracture-type oil and gas reservoirs. Fracture-type oil and gas reservoirs occupy a very important position in the world's oil and natural gas production and reserves. The output of fracture-type oil and gas reservoirs accounts for more than half of the world's total oil and natural gas production.

[0003] The rock physics model of fractured media describes the relationship between anisotropic parameters and reservoir fracture density. The Ruger reflection coefficient formula gives the relationship between amplitude, anisotropic parameters and azimuth. Based on this, inputting CRP gathers in multiple azimuths and calculating anisotropic parameters can predict the fracture development characteristics of the reservoir, including fracture density and fracture extension direction. The main fracture prediction methods in the industry are the AVD method and the AVAZ method. Both methods have the problem of fracture direction ambiguity, which restricts the accuracy of fracture prediction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for determining the extension direction of a structural crack, so as to accurately predict the development direction of the crack, uniquely determine the extension direction of the crack, and eliminate the ambiguity of the crack direction.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a structural fracture extension direction, comprising:

[0006] Determine the formation trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture;

[0007] Determine two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture by using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method according to at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle;

[0008] The direction angles between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions are determined respectively, and the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture is determined from the two candidate fracture directions according to the direction angles.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining a structural crack extension direction, comprising:

[0010] A fracture constraint direction determination module is used to determine the formation trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture;

[0011] A fracture candidate direction determination module is used to determine two fracture candidate directions of structural fractures by using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle;

[0012] The fracture extension direction determination module is used to respectively determine the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two fracture candidate directions, and determine the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two fracture candidate directions according to the direction angle.

[0013] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0014] one or more processors;

[0015] A storage device for storing one or more programs;

[0016] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture as described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture, by determining the stratigraphic strike of a target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic strike; wherein the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; according to at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture are determined by using a prestack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle; the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two alternative fracture directions is determined respectively, and the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture is determined from the two alternative fracture directions according to the direction angle. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is adopted to determine the fracture constraint direction according to the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point, and the fracture constraint direction is adopted to eliminate the ambiguity problem caused by determining the alternative fracture direction by the traditional method, so that the fracture extension direction is determined uniquely, and the fracture prediction accuracy is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a time domain stratigraphic structure of a target reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a depth domain stratigraphic structure of a target reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a top view schematic diagram of a CMP point range and number index provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a CMP point range and number index provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of a point B fitting surface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5B It is a schematic diagram of the formation gradient and formation dip at point B provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which an angle exists between a crack constraint direction and an alternative crack direction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining a structural fracture extension direction provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0032] Among them, the acquisition, storage, use and processing of data in the technical solution of this application are in compliance with the relevant provisions of national laws and regulations.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to the case of determining the extension direction of a structural fracture. The method of this embodiment can be executed by a device for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture, and the device can be implemented in hardware and / or software. The device can be configured in a server for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] S110, determining the stratigraphic trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic trend.

[0035] Among them, the main crack extension direction prediction methods currently include AVD and AVAZ. Both methods have the problem of crack direction ambiguity, which restricts the accuracy of crack prediction. In the embodiments of the present invention, the crack constraint direction is used to eliminate the ambiguity problem, uniquely determine the crack extension direction, and improve the prediction accuracy of the crack extension direction.

[0036] In an optional solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the surface trend of each CMP point is calculated using the interpreted seismic horizon, and the surface trend is recorded as the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture. The curve trend of the CMP point is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture.

[0037] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the step of determining the stratigraphic trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic trend includes but is not limited to steps A1-A2:

[0038] Step A1: Determine the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir, and convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon.

[0039] Step A2: Determine the stratigraphic trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture based on the stratigraphic trend; wherein the CMP point represents the common center point.

[0040] Among them, the time domain horizon of the target reservoir is extracted based on seismic data and converted into a relative horizon in the depth domain. The neighboring face element of each CMP point in the depth domain horizon is determined, and the local surface is fitted with a bivariate polynomial to calculate the six fitting parameters a, b, c, d, e, and f; and the surface trend of the CMP point is determined, and the surface trend is used as the fracture constraint direction.

[0041] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the determining of the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir and converting the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon include but are not limited to steps B1-B2:

[0042] Step B1: Determine each CMP point on the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir.

[0043] Step B2: Convert each CMP point to convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon.

[0044] Among them, see Figure 2 , the x-axis represents the track number (xline), ranging from 345 to 1685, nx = 1341 points; the y-axis represents the line number (inline), ranging from 290 to 1155, a total of ni = 866 points; the number of CMP points is n = ni × nx, that is, 1161306 = 1341 × 866. The CMP points are Figure 2 The z-axis represents the layer corresponding to each grid point, which corresponds to the color one by one.

[0045] The depth domain horizon is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point on the time domain horizon in the three coordinate axis directions. For example, scaling the xyz axes of some CMP points on the time domain horizon by dx, dy, and v times respectively to obtain Figure 3 The depth domain layer of the target reservoir is shown. For example, convert the CMP point on the time domain layer to the CMP point on the depth domain layer, that is, (line number, channel number, time) → (x, y, z); the conversion formula is:

[0046] x i =x1+(i-1)×dx

[0047] y j =y1+(j-1)×dy

[0048]

[0049] Among them, x i,y j , z i,j are the coordinate values ​​of the depth domain layer coordinates; i, j, time i,j are the coordinate values ​​of the time domain layer coordinates, i is the track number index value, j is the line number index value; x1 and y1 are the coordinate values ​​of the reference point, dx is the track spacing, dy is the line spacing, and v is the layer velocity of the target reservoir.

[0050] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the step of determining the formation trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend includes but is not limited to steps C1-C3:

[0051] Step C1: Determine a preset bin of the CMP point, use a binary quadratic polynomial to fit the surface function of the bin, and determine at least two calculation parameters.

[0052] Step C2: determining a gradient vector of the CMP point based on the at least two calculation parameters, and determining a formation dip of the CMP point based on the gradient vector.

[0053] Step C3: determining the formation trend of the CMP point according to the formation dip, and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation dip of the CMP point; wherein the formation dip and the formation trend of the CMP point are perpendicular to each other.

[0054] Among them, the input interpreted seismic layer is denoted as z ij , z represents the layer depth, i represents the line number index, and j represents the channel number index. Select an appropriate CMP point range as the preset bin, which can be a 3x3 grid, a 5x5 grid, or a range of any shape (such as an ellipse); for example, Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The 5x5 grid cell centered at CMP point B is shown; where Figure 4 yes Figure 5 According to the layer values ​​of all points in the range, fit the local surface z = f (x, y), such as Figure 5A . According to the severity of the structure, set the surface function z = f(x, y). Generally, it is set to a quadratic function or a cubic function. Then calculate the first-order partial derivative of the gradient vector of the surface and Determine the formation dip based on the gradient vector and convert the formation dip into the direction of the surface The formation dip of the CMP point is perpendicular to the formation strike, and the formation strike of the CMP point is:

[0055]

[0056] The formation trend of the CMP point is obtained, and the direction of the formation trend is used as the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture.

[0057] S120. Determine two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present invention, the AVAZ method is used as an example to calculate the alternative fracture directions. For vertically arranged parallel fractures, it can be equivalent to the HTI medium (Horizontal Transverse Isotropy, i.e., a transversely isotropic medium with a horizontal axis of symmetry) model for study. If the incident angle is θ, the azimuth angle of the survey line is Ruger believed that the longitudinal wave reflection coefficient at the HTI medium interface is a function of the anisotropic parameter, the incident angle and the azimuth. Therefore, based on the azimuth and the incident angle of the CMP point, the prestack anisotropic inversion method was used to determine the two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture.

[0059] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the method of determining two alternative fracture directions of structural fractures by prestack anisotropic inversion based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather includes but is not limited to steps D1-D2:

[0060] Step D1: Determine anisotropic gradient parameters and fracture surface normal parameters based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, and the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes.

[0061] Step D2: Determine two candidate fracture directions of the structural fracture according to the anisotropic gradient parameter and the fracture surface normal parameter.

[0062] Among them, the medium containing vertical parallel cracks is a typical HTI medium, and its reflection coefficient varies not only with the incident angle θ (AVO characteristics), but also with the azimuth angle Change (azimuthal anisotropy characteristics). Ruger's formula is simplified to:

[0063]

[0064] in,

[0065] The normal direction of the crack surface is represented by Expanding from the cosine terms, this transforms to:

[0066]

[0067] in, is the symmetry axis direction of the crack plane, that is, the normal direction of the crack surface, is the angle between the measuring line and the normal of the fracture surface; α, β, z and G are the longitudinal wave velocity, shear wave velocity, longitudinal wave impedance and shear modulus respectively; Δδ V , γ is the anisotropy parameter. and They represent the average value of the longitudinal wave velocity, the average value of the shear wave velocity, the average value of the longitudinal wave impedance and the average value of the shear modulus between the upper and lower layers of the medium, Δα, ΔZ, ΔG, Δδ V and Δγ represent the difference in longitudinal wave velocity, longitudinal wave impedance, shear modulus and anisotropy parameter between the upper and lower layers of the medium, respectively.

[0068] According to the above formula, the inversion equation system is constructed and the solution is X I =(a1,a2,a3,a4) T , and then calculate the anisotropic gradient B ani and the crack surface normal And other parameters:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] The selection of positive and negative signs during the square root operation, so the anisotropic gradient B ani and the crack surface normal With different values, we get:

[0072]

[0073] or

[0074] From this, the alternative crack directions can be obtained as follows:

[0075]

[0076] The anisotropic gradient B calculated by the AVAZ method in the embodiment of the present invention is ani There is ambiguity, which also affects the normal direction of the crack surface The anisotropic combination parameters calculated in this way have large errors and cannot accurately describe the characteristics of fracture development.

[0077] S130, respectively determining the direction angles between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions, and determining the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two candidate fracture directions according to the direction angles.

[0078] Among them, the pre-stack anisotropic inversion AVAZ method has multiple solutions due to the periodic changes of trigonometric functions; the alternative fracture direction predicted by the AVD method may be the major axis of the ellipse or the minor axis of the ellipse, and there are also multiple solutions. The fracture directions predicted by AVAZ and AVD are ambiguous, which makes the reservoir fracture prediction error; the embodiment of the present invention uniquely determines the fracture extension direction by resolving the ambiguity of the fracture constraint direction message.

[0079] In an optional solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the fracture constraint direction and the candidate fracture direction is determined, and the candidate fracture direction with the smaller angle is used as the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture.

[0080] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, the steps of respectively determining the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions, and determining the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two candidate fracture directions according to the direction angle include but are not limited to steps E1-E3:

[0081] Step E1: Determine a first direction angle between a crack constraint direction and a first crack candidate direction.

[0082] Step E2: Determine a second direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the second crack candidate direction.

[0083] Step E3: Determine the angle value between the first direction angle and the second direction angle, and use the candidate fracture direction with the smaller angle value as the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture.

[0084] Among them, the angle between the alternative crack direction and the crack constraint direction is calculated and in

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] The two alternative crack directions include a first alternative crack direction and a second alternative crack direction; the sum of the angle between the first direction and the angle between the second direction is 90°. Indicates the alternative direction of the first crack and crack constraint direction The angle is like Figure 6 As shown, determine the first direction angle Angle with the second direction The values ​​of are compared, and the alternative crack direction corresponding to the smaller direction angle is used as the crack extension direction. For example, if the first direction angle is less than or equal to the second direction angle, the first alternative crack direction is used as the crack extension direction; if the first direction angle is greater than the second direction angle, the second alternative crack direction is used as the crack extension direction, that is:

[0088]

[0089] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture, by determining the stratigraphic strike of a target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic strike; wherein the stratigraphic strike is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; according to at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture are determined by using a prestack anisotropic inversion method; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle; the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two alternative fracture directions is determined respectively, and the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture is determined from the two alternative fracture directions according to the direction angle. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is adopted to determine the fracture constraint direction according to the stratigraphic strike of the CMP point, and the fracture constraint direction is adopted to eliminate the ambiguity problem caused by determining the alternative fracture direction by the traditional method, so that the fracture extension direction is determined uniquely, and the fracture prediction accuracy is improved.

[0090] Figure 7 : is a schematic diagram of a structural fracture extension direction determination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The technical solution of this embodiment can be applied to the situation of determining the extension direction of a structural fracture. The device can be implemented by software and / or hardware and is generally integrated on any electronic device with network communication function, including but not limited to: servers, computers, personal digital assistants and other devices. Figure 7 As shown, the structural crack extension direction determination device provided in this embodiment may include: a crack constraint direction determination module 710, a crack candidate direction determination module 720 and a crack extension direction determination module 730; wherein,

[0091] The fracture constraint direction determination module 710 is used to determine the formation trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture;

[0092] A fracture candidate direction determination module 720 is used to determine two fracture candidate directions of structural fractures by using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle;

[0093] The fracture extension direction determination module 730 is used to determine the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two fracture candidate directions respectively, and determine the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two fracture candidate directions according to the direction angle.

[0094] Based on the above embodiment, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module includes:

[0095] Determine the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir, and convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon;

[0096] The stratigraphic trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic trend; wherein the CMP point represents the common center point.

[0097] Based on the above embodiment, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module further includes:

[0098] Determine each CMP point on the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir;

[0099] Convert each CMP point to convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon;

[0100] The depth domain layer is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point on the time domain layer in the three coordinate axis directions.

[0101] Based on the above embodiment, optionally, the crack constraint direction determination module further includes:

[0102] Determine a preset bin of the CMP point, fit the surface function of the bin using a binary quadratic polynomial, and determine at least two calculation parameters;

[0103] Determining a gradient vector of the CMP point based on the at least two calculation parameters, and determining a formation dip of the CMP point based on the gradient vector;

[0104] The formation trend of the CMP point is determined according to the formation dip, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined according to the formation dip of the CMP point; wherein the formation dip and the formation trend of the CMP point are perpendicular to each other.

[0105] Based on the above embodiment, optionally, the module for determining the candidate crack directions includes:

[0106] Determine anisotropic gradient parameters and fracture surface normal parameters based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, as well as the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes;

[0107] Two candidate fracture directions of the structural fracture are determined according to the anisotropic gradient parameter and the fracture surface normal parameter.

[0108] Based on the above embodiment, optionally, the crack extension direction determination module includes:

[0109] Determine a first direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the first crack candidate direction;

[0110] Determine a second direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the second crack candidate direction;

[0111] Determine the angle value between the first direction angle and the second direction angle, and use the alternative fracture direction with the smaller angle value as the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture;

[0112] The two alternative crack directions include a first alternative crack direction and a second alternative crack direction; the sum of the angle between the first direction and the angle between the second direction is 90°.

[0113] The device for determining the extension direction of structural cracks provided in an embodiment of the present invention can execute the method for determining the extension direction of structural cracks provided in any of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of executing the method for determining the extension direction of structural cracks. For the detailed process, please refer to the relevant operations of the method for determining the extension direction of structural cracks in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0114] Figure 8 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 10 is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.) and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or required herein.

[0115] like Figure 8As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11, and a memory connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12, a random access memory (RAM) 13, etc., wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be executed by at least one processor, and the processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 to the random access memory (RAM) 13. In the RAM 13, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM 12, and the RAM 13 are connected to each other through a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0116] A number of components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I / O interface 15, including: an input unit 16, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 18, such as a disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 19, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0117] The processor 11 may be a variety of general and / or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 11 executes the various methods and processes described above, such as a method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture.

[0118] In some embodiments, the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture may be implemented as a computer program, which is tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 10 via the ROM 12 and / or the communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 13 and executed by the processor 11, one or more steps of the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to execute the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture by any other appropriate means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0119] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations can include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0120] Computer programs for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, so that when the computer program is executed by the processor, the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram are implemented. The computer program may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine as a stand-alone software package, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0121] In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0122] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein may be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the electronic device. Other types of devices may also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0123] The systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes backend components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such backend components, middleware components, or frontend components. The components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a blockchain network, and the Internet.

[0124] A computing system may include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally remote from each other and usually interact through a communication network. The client and server relationship is generated by computer programs running on the corresponding computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a host product in the cloud computing service system to solve the defects of difficult management and weak business scalability in traditional physical hosts and VPS services.

[0125] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0126] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determine the formation trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; Determine two alternative fracture directions of the structural fracture using a prestack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle; The direction angles between the fracture constraint direction and the two candidate fracture directions are determined respectively, and the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture is determined from the two candidate fracture directions according to the direction angles.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of determining the stratigraphic trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic trend includes: Determine the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir, and convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon; The stratigraphic trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic trend; wherein the CMP point represents the common center point.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of determining the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir and converting the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon comprises: Determine each CMP point on the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir; Convert each CMP point to convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon; The depth domain layer is obtained by scaling the coordinates of each CMP point on the time domain layer in the three coordinate axis directions.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the stratigraphic trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer and determining the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the stratigraphic trend includes: Determine a preset bin of the CMP point, fit the surface function of the bin using a binary quadratic polynomial, and determine at least two calculation parameters; Determining a gradient vector of the CMP point based on the at least two calculation parameters, and determining a formation dip of the CMP point based on the gradient vector; The formation trend of the CMP point is determined according to the formation dip, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined according to the formation dip of the CMP point; wherein the formation dip and the formation trend of the CMP point are perpendicular to each other.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of determining two alternative fracture directions of structural fractures by using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gathers includes: Determine anisotropic gradient parameters and fracture surface normal parameters based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather, as well as the azimuth and incident angle of the amplitudes; Two candidate fracture directions of the structural fracture are determined according to the anisotropic gradient parameter and the fracture surface normal parameter.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of respectively determining the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two fracture candidate directions, and determining the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two fracture candidate directions according to the direction angle, comprises: Determine a first direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the first crack candidate direction; Determine a second direction angle between the crack constraint direction and the second crack candidate direction; Determine the angle value between the first direction angle and the second direction angle, and use the alternative fracture direction with the smaller angle value as the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture; The two alternative crack directions include a first alternative crack direction and a second alternative crack direction; the sum of the angle between the first direction and the angle between the second direction is 90°.

7. A device for determining the extension direction of a structural crack, characterized in that: The device comprises: A fracture constraint direction determination module is used to determine the formation trend of the target reservoir of the structural fracture, and determine the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture according to the formation trend; wherein the formation trend is consistent with the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture; A fracture candidate direction determination module is used to determine two fracture candidate directions of structural fractures by using a pre-stack anisotropic inversion method based on at least four amplitudes in the azimuth gather; wherein the amplitude includes an azimuth and an incident angle; The fracture extension direction determination module is used to respectively determine the direction angle between the fracture constraint direction and the two fracture candidate directions, and determine the fracture extension direction of the structural fracture from the two fracture candidate directions according to the direction angle.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The crack constraint direction determination module comprises: Determine the time domain horizon of the structural fracture target reservoir, and convert the time domain horizon of the target reservoir into a depth domain horizon; The stratigraphic trend of each CMP point in the depth domain layer is determined, and the fracture constraint direction of the structural fracture is determined based on the stratigraphic trend; wherein the CMP point represents the common center point.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A storage medium containing computer executable instructions, characterized in that: The computer executable instructions are used to execute the method for determining the extension direction of a structural fracture as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed by a computer processor.

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