A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method, which includes using laser scanning equipment to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well and converting it into a BIM model using three-dimensional modeling software; using reverse engineering methods to restore the existing pipeline layout in the BIM model; optimizing the casing design based on the predicted results and simulating the installation process in the BIM model; generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings; displaying the virtual model and superimposing it on the real environment through AR glasses; after installation, using laser scanning equipment to perform a three-dimensional scan and compare it with the original data to evaluate accuracy; if the deviation is found to exceed a predetermined threshold, simulating a repair plan through the BIM model and converting it into an on-site executable instruction; finally, using a customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the casing until the deviation is controlled within a predetermined range, completing the repair. This invention solves the problem of difficult repair of pipelines and walls in confined spaces and improves construction accuracy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pipe wells, and in particular relates to a pipe well casing construction method based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] In modern construction projects, pipe shafts, as a crucial piece of infrastructure within buildings, host the layout and maintenance of numerous pipelines. However, laying and maintaining pipes within these confined spaces often presents numerous challenges, particularly when installing casing to protect pipes or performing wall repairs. Traditional construction methods often struggle to maintain accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] When installing pipe well casing in a small space, due to limited space, traditional construction methods make it difficult to accurately position and install the casing, which leads to deviations during the construction process, thus affecting the normal use of the pipeline and the quality of wall repair. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method, which not only improves the construction accuracy, but also greatly improves the construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipeline and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficulty in repairing pipelines and walls in narrow spaces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] a) using laser scanning equipment to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well, and converting the data into a BIM model using three-dimensional modeling software;

[0007] b) using reverse engineering methods to restore the existing pipeline layout in the BIM model and predict pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction;

[0008] c) optimizing the casing design using an adaptive algorithm based on the prediction results in step b) to ensure that it matches the deformed profile of the pipeline, and simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model;

[0009] d) During the simulation of step c), the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm to adapt to the installation requirements in the narrow space;

[0010] e) using the BIM model adjusted in step d), generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings so that on-site construction workers can accurately locate and install the casing;

[0011] f) At the construction site, the construction instructions in step e) are received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed on each other to assist construction workers in accurately performing installation operations;

[0012] g) After installation is complete, the installed casing is again scanned in three dimensions using a laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data from step a) to assess installation accuracy;

[0013] h) Based on the comparison results of step g), if the deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold, a repair plan is simulated by a virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into an on-site executable operation instruction;

[0014] i) Execute the operating instructions in step h) and use the customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the casing on site until the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range, thereby completing the repair of the pipe and the wall.

[0015] Preferably, converting the data into a BIM model using 3D modeling software includes:

[0016] Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features;

[0017] Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed.

[0018] Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders, and spheres. The geometric features in the point cloud data are fitted using the RANSAC method, where the minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k are determined according to the feature type;

[0019] Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability that there are no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model;

[0020] Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify the difference areas;

[0021] Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method;

[0022] The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i :

[0023]

[0024] Among them, M j Represents a point on the geometric model;

[0025] For the identified difference areas, a multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used for local optimization to reduce the difference between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and update the geometric model;

[0026] Finally, the optimized geometric model is imported into the 3D modeling software to complete the creation of the BIM model of the pipeline well.

[0027] Preferably, the reverse engineering method is used to restore the existing pipeline layout, including:

[0028] In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimensioning of the pipelines and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model;

[0029] Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometric shapes of pipe features in point cloud data with standard pipe components to determine the position of the pipe centerline; dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipe diameter and length, which is calculated by point-to-point distance from point cloud data;

[0030]

[0031] Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe section, P i is the coordinate of the point on the pipe section, r is the pipe wall thickness;

[0032] Based on the obtained pipeline system model, analyze the pipeline material properties and environmental factors to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities. The analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material.

[0033] Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads:

[0034] Where ΔL represents the change in pipe length, F is the external force acting on the pipe, L is the pipe length, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe;

[0035] Design preventive measures based on the predicted pipeline deformation, including but not limited to adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures or taking temporary reinforcement measures. Implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan and integrate them into the BIM model.

[0036] Preferably, simulating the installation process of the sleeve in the BIM model includes:

[0037] According to the pipeline deformation predicted in step b), the sleeve geometry is adjusted to ensure that the sleeve can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including but not limited to the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the sleeve;

[0038] The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR;

[0039] The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after pipeline deformation and the safety margin Δθ: θ = θm + Δθ;

[0040] In the BIM model, the installation process of the casing is simulated based on the adjusted casing geometry, and the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages are evaluated through dynamic simulation analysis;

[0041] The casing design is optimized based on the analysis results and the optimized design is updated in the BIM model.

[0042] Preferably, the shape and size of the sleeve are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm, including:

[0043] During the simulation of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipe well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded;

[0044] Adjust the shape and size of the casing based on the identified collision points to eliminate the collision points and ensure that the casing can be smoothly installed in a narrow space; shape adjustment includes but is not limited to changing the bending radius and tilt angle of the casing; size adjustment includes but is not limited to appropriately increasing the outer diameter or reducing the inner diameter of the casing;

[0045] Based on the adjusted casing design, the simulated installation process was carried out again to verify the adaptability and stability of the casing;

[0046] Based on the verification results, continue to optimize the casing design, including but not limited to further adjusting the casing material, thickness or shape, until the casing can fully adapt to the installation requirements in a small space, and update the final design to the BIM model.

[0047] Preferably, the construction guide with augmented reality markings is generated, including:

[0048] Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include but are not limited to the starting position, ending position, and coordinates of key points along the casing;

[0049] Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated. The guide contains visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions included in the construction guide include, but are not limited to, the starting and ending points of the casing and key points that require attention during the installation process.

[0050] At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, allowing construction workers to view and follow AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include but are not limited to tablets or smartphones for displaying AR markers and construction instructions.

[0051] Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing to the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

[0052] Preferably, receiving the construction instructions in step e) through AR glasses includes:

[0053] The construction instructions in step e) are transmitted to the AR glasses to ensure that construction workers can view the superposition of the virtual model and the actual environment in real time on site. The construction instructions include but are not limited to visual indications of the starting position and ending position of the casing and its installation path;

[0054] After wearing AR glasses, construction workers confirm the exact installation position of the casing according to the construction guide and begin installation preparations;

[0055] During the installation process, construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed positions to ensure that every step of the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed on the AR glasses;

[0056] After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked using AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

[0057] Preferably, the installation accuracy is evaluated, including:

[0058] After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing;

[0059] Comparing the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the accuracy of the casing installation;

[0060] Based on the comparison results, identify areas with large installation deviations and record the locations and deviation values ​​of these areas;

[0061] Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated and a decision is made as to whether adjustments are necessary. If the deviation values ​​exceed the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is required.

[0062] Preferably, the repair plan is simulated through the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into on-site executable operation instructions, including:

[0063] Based on the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required;

[0064] In the BIM model, design a repair plan for the areas that need repair and simulate the repair process;

[0065] Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operational instructions, including but not limited to the tools, materials and specific steps required for the repair.

[0066] Preferably, the casing is precisely adjusted on site using a custom fine-tuning tool, including:

[0067] Prepare customized fine-tuning tools according to the operating instructions in step h), which include but are not limited to fixtures and positioners for adjusting the position of the sleeve;

[0068] At the construction site, the casing is precisely adjusted according to the operating instructions using the prepared fine-tuning tools until the deviation is within the predetermined range;

[0069] During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation;

[0070] After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

[0071] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method proposed in the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0072] This method uses laser scanning equipment to collect data on the internal structure of the pipeline shaft and combines it with BIM technology for simulation and optimization. This allows the casing design to precisely adapt to the deformed contour of the pipeline. Augmented reality (AR) technology also assists on-site construction workers in precise installation. This method not only improves construction accuracy but also significantly enhances construction efficiency, ensuring the quality of pipeline and wall repairs, thus resolving the difficulty of repairing pipelines and walls in confined spaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0075] The present invention provides Figure 1 A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method is shown, comprising the following steps:

[0076] a) Use laser scanning equipment to collect 3D point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline shaft and convert this data into a BIM model (Building Information Model) using 3D modeling software. A high-precision laser scanning device is used to comprehensively scan the interior of the pipeline shaft to obtain 3D point cloud data. This data contains all the structural details of the pipeline shaft and provides the basis for subsequent modeling.

[0077] Specifically, converting the data into a BIM model using 3D modeling software further includes:

[0078] Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features;

[0079] Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed.

[0080] Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders, and spheres. The RANSAC method is used to fit the geometric features in the point cloud data. The minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k depend on the feature type. Geometric feature extraction includes but is not limited to the detection of planes, cylinders, and spheres. The RANSAC method is used to fit the geometric features in the point cloud data:

[0081] Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability that there are no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model;

[0082] Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify the difference areas;

[0083] Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method;

[0084] The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i :

[0085]

[0086] Among them, M j Represents a point on the geometric model;

[0087] A multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used to perform local optimization on identified areas of discrepancy, reducing the discrepancy between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and updating the geometric model. The multi-scale subdivision algorithm first refines areas of significant discrepancy, increasing vertex density to improve model detail, and then gradually extends this refinement to the entire model to ensure overall consistency.

[0088] The optimized geometric model was imported into 3D modeling software to complete the BIM model of the pipeline shaft. This model not only includes detailed structural information inside the pipeline shaft, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the model.

[0089] Through the above steps, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate method for modeling the internal structure of a pipe well, laying a solid foundation for subsequent pipe well casing construction. This method not only improves construction accuracy but also significantly enhances efficiency, ensuring the quality of pipe and wall repairs, thereby resolving the difficulty of repairing pipes and walls in confined spaces.

[0090] b) using reverse engineering methods to restore the existing pipeline layout in the BIM model and predict pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction;

[0091] Specifically, restoring the existing pipeline layout using the reverse engineering method further includes:

[0092] In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimensioning of the pipelines and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model;

[0093] Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometric shapes of pipe features in point cloud data with standard pipe components to determine the position of the pipe centerline; dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipe diameter and length, which is calculated by point-to-point distance from point cloud data;

[0094]

[0095] Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe section, Pi is the coordinate of the point on the pipe cross section, and r is the pipe wall thickness. By analyzing the connection point features in the point cloud data, the connection relationship between each pipe component is confirmed. This includes but is not limited to the location and type of connectors such as elbows, tees, and flanges.

[0096] Based on the obtained pipeline system model, analyze the pipeline material properties and environmental factors to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities. The analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material.

[0097] Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads:

[0098] Where ΔL represents the change in pipe length, F is the external force acting on the pipe, L is the pipe length, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe;

[0099] Analyze various environmental factors that may be encountered during construction, such as soil pressure, heavy object placement, vibration, etc. These factors may cause the pipeline to be subjected to additional pressure or tension.

[0100] Design preventive measures based on the predicted pipeline deformation, including but not limited to adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures or taking temporary reinforcement measures. Implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan and integrate them into the BIM model.

[0101] Design preventive measures based on predicted pipeline deformation, including:

[0102] Adjust the construction sequence: avoid heavy machinery operations near sensitive areas to reduce the impact of vibration.

[0103] Add support structure: Install brackets or supports under the pipeline to distribute the ground load and reduce the vertical displacement of the pipeline.

[0104] Take temporary reinforcement measures: Use reinforcement rings or external support belts to enhance the structural strength of the pipeline and resist external pressure.

[0105] Incorporate preventative measures into the construction plan: The specific implementation steps and timelines for each preventative measure should be clearly defined in the construction plan. Integrate preventative measures into the BIM model: The specific implementation steps and timelines for each preventative measure should be integrated into the BIM model for the construction team to reference and implement, ensuring the safety and stability of the piping system.

[0106] Through the above steps, the present invention not only improves the construction accuracy, but also greatly improves the construction efficiency, ensures the quality of pipe and wall repair, and thus solves the problem of difficulty in repairing pipes and walls in a small space.

[0107] c) Based on the prediction results from step b), an adaptive algorithm is used to optimize the sleeve design to ensure that it matches the deformed pipe contour. The sleeve installation process is then simulated in the BIM model. The adaptive algorithm adjusts the sleeve geometry to ensure that it precisely conforms to the deformed pipe contour. This precise adaptation reduces installation deviations caused by pipe deformation and improves the success rate and stability of sleeve installation.

[0108] Specifically, simulating the installation process of the sleeve in the BIM model further includes:

[0109] According to the pipeline deformation predicted in step b), the sleeve geometry is adjusted to ensure that the sleeve can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including but not limited to the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the sleeve;

[0110] The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR;

[0111] The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after pipeline deformation and the safety margin Δθ: θ = θm + Δθ;

[0112] In the BIM model, the installation process of the casing was simulated based on the adjusted casing geometry. Dynamic simulation analysis was used to evaluate the casing's adaptability and stability at different construction stages. This approach enabled the construction team to identify potential problems in advance and make optimization adjustments before actual construction, thereby reducing construction risks.

[0113] The casing design is optimized based on the analysis results and updated in the BIM model. Simulation analysis results are used to continuously optimize the casing design to ensure optimal performance during construction. This approach not only reduces the number of adjustments during construction but also improves construction quality and efficiency.

[0114] Improved construction efficiency: By simulating the casing installation process in the BIM model, the construction team can familiarize themselves with the entire process before actual construction, reducing on-site commissioning time and the possibility of rework, thereby significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0115] Ensure construction accuracy: The simulation process in the BIM model provides detailed visual guidance, enabling construction workers to perform installation operations more accurately and ensure that the casing installation accuracy meets the design requirements, thereby ensuring the quality of pipe and wall repairs.

[0116] In summary, the present invention provides an efficient and accurate casing design and installation method. By combining an adaptive algorithm with a BIM model, it solves the problem of difficult pipe and wall repair in a narrow space, improves construction accuracy and efficiency, and ensures high-quality completion of the repair work.

[0117] d) During the simulation of step c), a real-time collision detection algorithm automatically adjusts the shape and size of the casing to accommodate installation within the confined space. This real-time collision detection identifies potential collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the well, and records their locations and directions. This method enables timely detection of potential installation obstacles, avoiding installation failures or rework caused by collisions.

[0118] Specifically, automatically adjusting the shape and size of the casing using a real-time collision detection algorithm further includes:

[0119] During the simulation of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipe well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded;

[0120] Based on the identified collision points, the sleeve's shape and size are adjusted to eliminate them and ensure smooth installation in confined spaces. Shape adjustments include, but are not limited to, changing the sleeve's bend radius and tilt angle; size adjustments include, but are not limited to, appropriately increasing the sleeve's outer diameter or reducing its inner diameter. Based on the identified collision points, the sleeve's shape and size are automatically adjusted to eliminate them. This automatic adjustment not only saves time from manual intervention but also improves design accuracy and efficiency. By adjusting parameters such as the sleeve's bend radius, tilt angle, outer diameter, or inner diameter, smooth installation in confined spaces is ensured. This adaptable design allows for flexible installation in complex environments, reducing construction complexity.

[0121] Based on the adjusted casing design, a simulated installation process was conducted again to verify the casing's adaptability and stability. This method ensures the casing is stable and reliable during actual installation and reduces construction risks.

[0122] Based on the verification results, the casing design was further optimized, including but not limited to further adjustments to the casing material, thickness, or shape, until it fully met the installation requirements within the confined space. The final design was then updated in the BIM model. Based on the verification results, the casing design was further optimized, including but not limited to further adjustments to the casing material, thickness, or shape, until it fully met the installation requirements within the confined space. This continuous optimization process ensured the rationality of the final design and increased the success rate of construction.

[0123] Real-time collision detection and automated design adjustments reduced on-site commissioning and rework time, significantly improving construction efficiency. The construction team was able to complete installation tasks more quickly, reducing construction costs. Multiple simulations, verification, and design optimization ensured the accuracy and quality of casing installation. This approach not only improved construction quality but also extended the service life of the piping system.

[0124] In summary, the present invention automatically adjusts the shape and size of the casing through a real-time collision detection algorithm, thereby solving the problem of difficult casing installation in a narrow space, improving construction accuracy and efficiency, and ensuring construction quality and safety.

[0125] e) Using the BIM model adjusted in step d), a construction guide with augmented reality markers is generated, allowing on-site construction workers to accurately locate and install the casing. By converting the casing location information in the adjusted BIM model into augmented reality markers, construction workers can view the casing's starting and ending positions, as well as the coordinates of key points along the way, in real time. This precise positioning reduces human error and improves installation accuracy.

[0126] Specifically, generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings further includes:

[0127] Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include but are not limited to the starting position, ending position, and coordinates of key points along the casing;

[0128] Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated. The guide contains visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions included in the construction guide include, but are not limited to, the starting and ending points of the casing and key points that require attention during the installation process.

[0129] At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, allowing construction workers to view and follow AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include but are not limited to tablets or smartphones for displaying AR markers and construction instructions.

[0130] Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing to the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

[0131] f) At the construction site, the construction instructions in step e) are received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed on each other to assist construction workers in accurately performing installation operations;

[0132] Specifically, receiving the construction instructions in step e) through the AR glasses further includes:

[0133] The construction instructions from step e) are transferred to the AR glasses, allowing construction workers to view the virtual model and the actual environment in real time. The instructions include, but are not limited to, visual instructions for the casing's starting and ending positions, as well as its installation path. The generated construction instructions also include visual instructions for the casing's installation path, including its starting and ending points, as well as key points to note during installation. This visual guidance allows construction workers to clearly understand the installation sequence and specific steps, reducing uncertainty during construction.

[0134] After wearing AR glasses, construction workers use the construction guide to confirm the exact installation position of the casing and begin installation preparations. At the construction site, the construction guide is displayed on a mobile device (such as a tablet or smartphone), allowing construction workers to view and follow the AR markings in real time. This real-time guidance ensures continuity and accuracy during the construction process, avoiding errors caused by delayed information.

[0135] During the installation process, construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed position to ensure that every step of the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed in the AR glasses; through the combined use of AR markers and construction guides, construction workers can quickly locate and install the casing, reducing the time for on-site measurement and positioning, and significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0136] After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked using AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

[0137] Because the construction guide provides detailed installation paths and key node information, construction workers can accurately install the casing according to the guide, reducing rework due to improper installation and lowering construction costs. The real-time positioning and visual guidance provided by AR technology ensures the accuracy and quality of casing installation, reduces errors caused by human factors, and improves the overall quality of the pipeline system. Construction workers can share construction guides and AR markers on mobile devices, enhancing collaboration and communication among team members and ensuring coordination and consistency during the construction process.

[0138] g) After installation is complete, use a laser scanner to perform another 3D scan of the installed casing and compare it with the original point cloud data from step a) to assess installation accuracy. By using a laser scanner to perform a 3D scan of the installed casing, obtaining 3D point cloud data after installation and comparing it with the original point cloud data, the installation accuracy of the casing can be accurately assessed. This method ensures that the installed casing position is highly consistent with the designed position, improving project quality.

[0139] Specifically, evaluating installation accuracy further includes:

[0140] After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing;

[0141] The 3D point cloud data of the installed casing is compared with the original point cloud data from step a) to assess the installation accuracy. This comparison identifies areas with significant installation deviations and records their locations and deviation values. This method allows the construction team to quickly locate areas requiring adjustment, avoiding unnecessary rework.

[0142] Based on the comparison results, areas with significant installation deviations are identified and their locations and deviation values ​​are recorded. The recorded deviation values ​​are then used to assess the overall accuracy of the casing installation, ensuring that it meets the pre-determined standards. This approach avoids quality issues caused by installation deviations and improves the overall quality of the piping system.

[0143] Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is assessed and whether adjustments are necessary. If the deviation values ​​exceed the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is developed. This approach ensures that even if deviations occur during installation, they can be promptly identified and corrective measures taken, avoiding further rework and repair work later.

[0144] After the installation is completed, a three-dimensional scan is performed using a laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data to evaluate the installation accuracy. This ensures high-precision and high-quality casing installation, improves construction efficiency, reduces rework costs, and enhances the overall project management level.

[0145] h) Based on the comparison results from step g), if the deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold, a repair plan is simulated using the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into on-site executable instructions. By evaluating the deviation values ​​recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation can be accurately determined, determining whether repair is necessary. This approach ensures that only areas truly requiring repair are addressed, avoiding unnecessary rework.

[0146] Specifically, simulating the repair plan through the virtual repair module in the BIM model and converting it into on-site executable operation instructions further includes:

[0147] Based on the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required;

[0148] In the BIM model, repair plans are designed for areas identified as needing repair, and the repair process is simulated. This approach makes the design of repair plans more scientific and reasonable, ensuring their effectiveness and feasibility.

[0149] The designed repair plan was converted into on-site executable instructions, including but not limited to the tools, materials, and specific steps required for the repair. This approach ensured that construction personnel were able to carry out the repair work according to detailed instructions, reducing secondary deviations caused by improper operation. By simulating the repair plan using a virtual repair module within the BIM model and converting it into on-site executable instructions, the casing installation accuracy met requirements, improving repair efficiency and quality, reducing rework costs, and enhancing the overall project management level.

[0150] i) Follow the instructions in step h) and use a customized fine-tuning tool to precisely adjust the sleeve on-site until the deviation is within the predetermined range, completing the repair of the pipe and wall. The customized fine-tuning tool allows precise adjustment of the sleeve position, ensuring the deviation is within the predetermined range. This method improves adjustment accuracy and reduces errors caused by manual operation.

[0151] Specifically, the precise adjustment of the casing on site using a customized fine-tuning tool further includes:

[0152] According to the operating instructions in step h), prepare customized fine-tuning tools, which include but are not limited to fixtures and positioners for adjusting the position of the casing; at the construction site, use the prepared fine-tuning tools and the operating instructions to precisely adjust the casing until the deviation is controlled within a predetermined range;

[0153] According to the instructions in step h), prepare customized fine-tuning tools, including but not limited to jigs and positioners for adjusting the casing position. These tools make on-site operations more convenient and efficient, reducing the time required for adjustment. During the adjustment process, continuously monitor the casing position and deviation to ensure that each adjustment effectively reduces the deviation. This method makes the adjustment process more controllable, reduces repeated adjustments, and improves adjustment efficiency.

[0154] During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation;

[0155] After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

[0156] Through continuous monitoring and precise adjustments, the casing position deviation is kept within the predetermined range. This approach improves adjustment accuracy and ensures that the final installation result meets design requirements. Precise adjustments and real-time monitoring ensure that the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standards, improving construction quality and reducing quality issues caused by installation deviations. Precise adjustments and verification reduce rework caused by installation deviations, lower construction costs, and improve the overall project schedule.

[0157] In summary, this method utilizes laser scanning equipment to collect data on the internal structure of the pipeline shaft, and combines it with BIM technology for simulation and optimization. This allows the casing design to precisely adapt to the deformed contour of the pipeline, and augmented reality (AR) technology assists on-site construction workers in precise installation. This method not only improves construction accuracy but also significantly enhances efficiency, ensuring the quality of pipeline and wall repairs.

[0158] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) using laser scanning equipment to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the internal structure of the pipeline well, and converting the data into a BIM model using three-dimensional modeling software; b) In the BIM model, reverse engineering methods are used to restore the existing pipeline layout and predict pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction, including: In the BIM model, the pipeline layout is restored based on the point cloud data, including the positioning and dimensioning of the pipelines and the confirmation of the connection relationship of the pipe fittings, so as to establish an accurate pipeline system model; Pipeline positioning is achieved by matching the geometric shapes of pipe features in point cloud data with standard pipe components to determine the position of the pipe centerline; dimensional measurement includes accurate measurement of pipe diameter and length, which is calculated by point-to-point distance from point cloud data; Where D represents the pipe diameter, N is the number of points on the pipe section, C is the coordinate of the center point of the pipe section, P i is the coordinate of the point on the pipe section, r is the pipe wall thickness; Based on the obtained pipeline system model, analyze the pipeline material properties and environmental factors to predict the pipeline deformation that may be caused by construction activities. The analysis of pipeline material properties includes considering the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν of the material. Predict pipe deformation by calculating the degree of deformation of the pipe under different loads: Where ΔL represents the change in pipe length, F is the external force acting on the pipe, L is the pipe length, and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe; Design preventive measures based on predicted pipeline deformation, including adjusting the construction sequence, adding support structures, or taking temporary reinforcement measures. Implement the designed preventive measures into the construction plan and integrate them into the BIM model. c) optimizing the casing design using an adaptive algorithm based on the prediction results in step b) to ensure that it matches the deformed profile of the pipeline, and simulating the installation process of the casing in the BIM model; d) During the simulation of step c), the shape and size of the casing are automatically adjusted by a real-time collision detection algorithm to adapt to the installation requirements in the narrow space; e) using the BIM model adjusted in step d), generating a construction guide with augmented reality markings so that on-site construction workers can accurately locate and install the casing; f) At the construction site, the construction instructions in step e) are received through AR glasses, and the virtual model and the real environment are superimposed on each other to assist construction workers in accurately performing installation operations; g) After installation is complete, the installed casing is again scanned in three dimensions using a laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data from step a) to assess installation accuracy; h) Based on the comparison results of step g), if the deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold, a repair plan is simulated by a virtual repair module in the BIM model and converted into an on-site executable operation instruction; i) Execute the operating instructions in step h) and use the customized fine-tuning tool to accurately adjust the casing on site until the deviation is controlled within the predetermined range, thereby completing the repair of the pipe and the wall.

2. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data is converted into a BIM model using 3D modeling software, including: Preprocessing the three-dimensional point cloud data, including removing noise points, detecting and eliminating outliers, and extracting geometric features; Noise point removal is achieved through the statistical distance method. A threshold δ is set to determine whether it is a noise point. Points with a distance from the nearest neighbor greater than δ are considered noise points and removed. Geometric feature extraction includes the detection of planes, cylinders, and spheres. The RANSAC method is used to fit the geometric features in the point cloud data, where the minimum sample set size n and the maximum number of iterations k are determined according to the feature type; Where p is the probability of selecting a sample without outliers at least once, q is the probability that there are no outliers in a given sample, and m is the minimum number of samples used to estimate the model; Based on the extracted geometric features, a surface reconstruction algorithm is applied to generate an initial pipeline well geometric model, and the geometric model is compared and analyzed with the three-dimensional point cloud data to identify different areas; Surface reconstruction is achieved by moving least squares method or Delaunay triangulation method; The comparative analysis quantifies the degree of difference by calculating the average distance d between the point cloud data and the geometric model. For each point P in the point cloud i : Among them, M j Represents a point on the geometric model; For the identified difference areas, a multi-scale subdivision algorithm is used for local optimization to reduce the difference between the point cloud data and the geometric model, and update the geometric model; Finally, the optimized geometric model is imported into the 3D modeling software to complete the creation of the BIM model of the pipeline well.

3. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The installation process of the casing is simulated in the BIM model, including: According to the pipeline deformation predicted in step b), the sleeve geometry is adjusted to ensure that the sleeve can adapt to the contour of the pipeline after deformation, including the adjustment of the bending radius, inclination angle and length of the sleeve; The determination of the casing bending radius R needs to consider the maximum curvature radius Rm after pipeline deformation and a certain safety margin ΔR: R = Rm + ΔR; The determination of the casing inclination angle θ includes the maximum inclination angle θm after pipeline deformation and the safety margin Δθ: θ = θm + Δθ; In the BIM model, the installation process of the casing is simulated based on the adjusted casing geometry, and the adaptability and stability of the casing at different construction stages are evaluated through dynamic simulation analysis; The casing design is optimized based on the analysis results and the optimized design is updated in the BIM model.

4. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Automatically adjust the shape and size of the casing through real-time collision detection algorithms, including: During the simulation of step c), possible collision points between the casing and the internal structure of the pipe well are identified through real-time collision detection, and the positions and directions of these collision points are recorded; Based on the identified collision points, the shape and size of the casing are adjusted to eliminate the collision points and ensure that the casing can be smoothly installed in a narrow space. Shape adjustment includes changing the bending radius and tilt angle of the casing; size adjustment includes appropriately increasing the outer diameter or reducing the inner diameter of the casing. Based on the adjusted casing design, the simulated installation process was carried out again to verify the adaptability and stability of the casing; Based on the verification results, the casing design is further optimized, including further adjusting the material, thickness or shape of the casing until the casing can fully adapt to the installation requirements in the narrow space, and the final design is updated in the BIM model.

5. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Generate construction instructions with augmented reality markers, including: Based on the BIM model adjusted in step d), the precise location information of the casing is extracted and converted into augmented reality markers; the AR markers include the starting position, ending position, and coordinates of key points along the casing; Using the created AR markers, a construction guide is generated. The guide contains visual instructions for the casing installation path. The instructions in the construction guide include the starting and ending points of the casing, as well as key points that require attention during the installation process. At the construction site, construction instructions are displayed on mobile devices, allowing construction workers to view and follow AR marker instructions in real time. Mobile devices include tablets or smartphones, which are used to display AR markers and construction instructions. Based on the AR markers displayed on the mobile device, construction workers can accurately place the casing to the designated location and complete the installation process according to the construction guidelines.

6. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Receive the construction instructions in step e) through AR glasses, including: The construction instructions in step e) are transmitted to the AR glasses to ensure that construction workers can view the superposition of the virtual model and the actual environment in real time on site. The construction instructions include visual instructions for the starting and ending positions of the casing and its installation path; After wearing AR glasses, construction workers confirm the exact installation position of the casing according to the construction guide and begin installation preparations; During the installation process, construction workers continuously refer to the confirmed positions to ensure that every step of the casing installation process is consistent with the information displayed on the AR glasses; After the casing is installed, the installation quality is checked using AR glasses to verify whether the casing is accurately installed in the intended position.

7. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Evaluate installation accuracy, including: After the casing is installed, a laser scanning device is used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the installed casing to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing; Comparing the obtained three-dimensional point cloud data of the installed casing with the original point cloud data in step a) to evaluate the accuracy of the casing installation; Based on the comparison results, identify areas with large installation deviations and record the locations and deviation values ​​of these areas; Based on the recorded deviation values, the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated and a decision is made as to whether adjustments are necessary. If the deviation values ​​exceed the predetermined tolerance range, an adjustment plan is required.

8. The BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The virtual repair module in the BIM model simulates the repair plan and converts it into on-site executable instructions, including: Based on the deviation value recorded in step g), the overall accuracy of the casing installation is evaluated to determine whether repair is required; if the deviation value exceeds the predetermined tolerance range, repair is required; In the BIM model, design a repair plan for the areas that need repair and simulate the repair process; Convert the designed repair plan into on-site executable operational instructions, including the tools, materials and specific steps required for repair.

9. A BIM-based pipeline well casing construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Precise adjustments to the bushing are made in the field using a custom fine-tuning tool, including: Prepare a customized fine-tuning tool according to the operating instructions in step h), which must include a fixture and a positioner for adjusting the position of the sleeve; At the construction site, the casing is precisely adjusted according to the operating instructions using the prepared fine-tuning tools until the deviation is within the predetermined range; During the adjustment process, the position and deviation of the casing are continuously monitored to ensure that each adjustment can effectively reduce the deviation; After the adjustment is completed, the casing is scanned in three dimensions again using the laser scanning device and compared with the original point cloud data in step a) to verify whether the casing installation accuracy meets the predetermined standard.

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