Quantum calculation measurement and control system and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer, the quantum computing measurement and control system comprises a task registration module, a resource scheduling module, a server module and a quantum control device, and the quantum control device is a hardware device used for generating a corresponding control signal. Through cooperation of the resource scheduling module, the task registration module, the server module and the quantum control device, reasonable resource scheduling can be realized, and the problem of low efficiency during execution of a quantum computing task in an existing quantum computing measurement and control system is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum computers are physical devices that follow the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process quantum information. The main characteristics of quantum computers are fast operation speed, strong information processing capabilities, and a wide range of applications. Compared with ordinary computers, the more information is processed, the more advantageous it is for quantum computers to perform operations, and the more accurate the operations can be.

[0003] Quantum chips are to quantum computers what CPUs are to traditional computers. Quantum chips are the core components of quantum computers. With the continuous advancement of research on quantum computing-related technologies, the number of quantum bits on quantum chips is also increasing year by year. It is foreseeable that larger-scale quantum chips will appear in the future, and the number of quantum bits in quantum chips will be greater, and quantum computers will also be equipped with larger-scale quantum chips.

[0004] For some quantum computers currently available on the market, most of them use a combination of a host computer, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum chip to implement some quantum computing tasks. Generally, the host computer receives the user's quantum computing task, processes the quantum computing task and forms a quantum circuit, and then maps the quantum circuit to the topological structure of the corresponding quantum chip. The quantum circuit contains the quantum gates required for this quantum computing task, the measurement operation of the final quantum computing result, and the timing of each operation. When the quantum computing measurement and control system receives the information contained in the quantum circuit, it will convert this information into corresponding instructions so that the corresponding hardware device can operate and complete the quantum computing task. Among them, the quantum computing measurement and control system includes a software system and a hardware system. The software system of the quantum computing measurement and control system is used to compile and process the user tasks (including but not limited to test tasks, calibration tasks and other measurement and control experiments) transmitted by the host computer, and convert the corresponding user tasks into a language that can be recognized by the hardware system, so that the hardware system generates corresponding control signals and achieves the purpose of operating and controlling the quantum chip. When the existing quantum computing measurement and control system executes quantum computing tasks, most of them are executed in sequence according to the order of the received quantum computing tasks. The efficiency of executing multiple quantum computing tasks according to this scheme is low.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the execution efficiency of quantum computing tasks has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background technology section of this application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of this application, and should not be regarded as an admission or suggestion in any form that the information constitutes prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer, which are used to solve the problem of low efficiency in executing multiple quantum computing tasks in the prior art.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a quantum computing measurement and control system, comprising:

[0009] A task registration module, used to register the quantum computing task into the server module, and forward the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are the parameters required for executing the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and the task identifier is used to mark the storage location of the quantum computing task in the server module;

[0010] A resource scheduling module, used for generating a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameters, and outputting the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers;

[0011] A server module is used to generate a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feed back the corresponding task identifier and experimental parameters to the task registration module, and output the received task thread to the quantum control device;

[0012] A quantum control device is used to perform control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform the corresponding quantum computing task.

[0013] Optionally, the quantum computing measurement and control system further includes:

[0014] The user management module is used to receive the task identifier and the experimental parameters from the task registration module, and output the task identifier and the experimental parameters to the resource scheduling module.

[0015] Optionally, the user management module is further used to configure permissions of the task registration module, and the permissions of the task registration module include administrator permissions, ordinary user permissions, and visitor permissions in descending order.

[0016] Optionally, the user management module determines whether to forward the task identifier and the experimental parameters according to the authority of the task registration module.

[0017] Optionally, if the authority of the task registration module cannot execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response that the task registration module cannot execute;

[0018] If the authority of the task registration module is sufficient to execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response indicating that the task can be executed to the task registration module.

[0019] Optionally, the task registration module outputs the task identifier and the experimental parameters to the resource scheduling module.

[0020] Optionally, the quantum control device is also used to feed back the execution status and execution results of the quantum computing task to the server module.

[0021] Optionally, the server module is also used to feed back the execution status and execution results of the quantum computing task to the task registration module.

[0022] Optionally, the server module is also used to feed back the execution status of the quantum computing task to the resource scheduling module.

[0023] Optionally, the resource scheduling module regenerates the task thread according to the task identifier based on the execution status of the quantum computing task fed back.

[0024] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a method for executing a quantum computing task, which is characterized by comprising:

[0025] The task registration module registers the quantum computing task into the server module, and forwards the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are parameters required for executing the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and the task identifier is used to mark the storage location of the quantum computing task in the server module;

[0026] The resource scheduling module generates a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameter, and outputs the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers;

[0027] The server module generates a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feeds back the corresponding task identifier to the task registration module, and outputs the received task thread to the quantum control device;

[0028] The quantum control device performs control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform the corresponding quantum computing task.

[0029] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a quantum computer, including a quantum computing measurement and control system described in any one of the above-mentioned feature descriptions.

[0030] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method for executing the quantum computing task described in the above feature description.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The quantum computing measurement and control system proposed in the present invention includes a task registration module, a resource scheduling module, a server module and a quantum control device, wherein the quantum control device refers to a hardware device for generating corresponding control signals. Through the cooperation between the resource scheduling module and the task registration module, the server module and the quantum control device, reasonable resource scheduling can be achieved, effectively solving the problem of low efficiency in executing quantum computing tasks in the existing quantum computing measurement and control system.

[0033] The method for executing quantum computing tasks, the quantum computer, and the readable storage medium proposed in the present invention belong to the same inventive concept as the quantum computing measurement and control system, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing measurement and control system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a quantum computing measurement and control system proposed in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A flowchart of a method for executing a quantum computing task proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the schematic diagram. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in exact proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 , 2 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including:

[0041] A task registration module, used to register the quantum computing task into the server module, and forward the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are the parameters required for executing the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and the task identifier is used to mark the storage location of the quantum computing task in the server module;

[0042] A resource scheduling module, used for generating a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameters, and outputting the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers;

[0043] A server module is used to generate a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feed back the corresponding task identifier and experimental parameters to the task registration module, and output the received task thread to the quantum control device;

[0044] A quantum control device is used to perform control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform the corresponding quantum computing task.

[0045] The difference from the prior art is that the quantum computing measurement and control system proposed in this embodiment includes a task registration module, a resource scheduling module, a server module and a quantum control device, and the quantum control device refers to a hardware device for generating corresponding control signals. Through the cooperation between the resource scheduling module and the task registration module, the server module and the quantum control device, reasonable resource scheduling can be achieved, effectively solving the problem of low efficiency in executing quantum computing tasks in the existing quantum computing measurement and control system.

[0046] It should be noted that the task registration module in this embodiment is the side directly used by the user. It can generally be a software system in which the user can directly edit the code. It can also be interfaced to directly display the most direct operation interface to technicians or operators without the need for programming from scratch. The test experiments and calibration experiments of quantum bits in the quantum chip and the control of the hardware system are made into specific interfaces and displayed in the terminal, which greatly improves the convenience of operation, the operability of quantum computers and the testing efficiency of quantum chips.

[0047] The user configures the quantum computing task to be executed and the various experimental parameters required for the quantum computing task in the task registration module. Generally speaking, a quantum computing task includes several measurement and control experiments, and each measurement and control experiment corresponds to multiple parameters. For example, when the measurement and control experiment required by the quantum computing task includes the T1 (energy relaxation time) experiment, the experimental parameters that need to be configured include but are not limited to: scanning and reading delay list, the amplitude of the AC signal applied by the Z line, etc. When the measurement and control experiment required by the quantum computing task includes the T2 (phase relaxation time) experiment, the experimental parameters that need to be configured include but are not limited to: scanning delay list, the amplitude of the AC signal applied by the Z line, the proportion limit of the fitted T2 result to the maximum scanning time, the maximum number of cycles, etc. There are many other measurement and control experiments, all of which have corresponding experimental parameters that need to be configured, which are not listed here one by one.

[0048] In this embodiment, the task identifier and the experimental parameters received by the resource scheduling module can be directly forwarded through the task registration module, and can also be indirectly forwarded through a separately set user management module. We can regard each of the task registration modules as a user. When multiple users share access to a quantum chip or the same quantum computer, if user management is not performed, resource conflicts and cumbersome authority management are likely to occur. This problem can be solved by setting up a user management module to uniformly manage all users. We can configure the authority of each user in the user management module, which also facilitates the expansion of the entire quantum computer system. Specifically, the quantum computing measurement and control system also includes:

[0049] The user management module is used to receive the task identifier and the experimental parameters from the task registration module, and output the task identifier and the experimental parameters to the resource scheduling module.

[0050] In this implementation, in order to distinguish the permissions of each user, that is, each of the task registration modules, the user management module can be used to configure the user as administrator permissions, ordinary user permissions or visitor permissions according to the actual situation. For example, we can set the scope of these three permissions in this way. The maximum permissions of the administrator permissions can have all control permissions of the quantum chip / quantum computer / quantum computing measurement and control system, and the user with administrator permissions can add or delete the corresponding quantum chip in the quantum computer. Ordinary user permissions are smaller than administrator permissions and cannot add or delete quantum chips. Visitor permissions have the smallest permissions and can only perform some simple measurement and control experiments. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned permission division is only an example and cannot be regarded as any limitation on this application. The specific division of permissions can be set according to actual needs, which will not be repeated here.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, the user management module is also used to configure the permissions of the task registration module, and the permissions of the task registration module include administrator permissions, ordinary user permissions, and visitor permissions in descending order.

[0052] In this embodiment, the user management module determines whether to forward the task identifier and the experimental parameters according to the authority of the task registration module. Specifically, if the authority of the task registration module cannot execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response that it cannot be executed to the task registration module;

[0053] If the authority of the task registration module is sufficient to execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response indicating that the task can be executed to the task registration module.

[0054] It can be known from the above description that in this embodiment, the task registration module can also directly output the task identifier and the experimental parameter to the resource scheduling module.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the quantum control device is also used to feed back the execution status and execution result of the quantum computing task to the server module. It should be noted that the execution status of the quantum computing task refers to whether the quantum computing task has been completed, and the execution result of the quantum computing task refers to the experimental result of the measurement and control experiment included in the quantum computing task.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the server module is also used to feed back the execution status and execution results of the quantum computing task to the task registration module. After the execution of the quantum computing task is completed, the server module will feed back the execution status and execution results to the task registration module. According to the previous analysis and description, the task registration module can be a software system that directly edits the code, and can also be processed by interface, directly showing the most direct operation interface to the technicians or operators. When the task registration module is a software system with an operation interface, the experimental results can be displayed in real time in the interface of the task registration module. If an error is found during the execution of the measurement and control experiment, the experiment can be intervened and stopped immediately, so that problems can be found in time, effectively saving time. In order to display the execution progress of the current measurement and control experiment, the progress of the current measurement and control experiment can be displayed in the interface of the task registration module in the form of percentage, starting from 0%, and statistics can be made as the progress of the measurement and control experiment progress, until 100% indicates that the current measurement and control experiment is completed.

[0057] Specifically, in this embodiment, the server module is also used to feed back the execution status of the quantum computing task to the resource scheduling module. The resource scheduling module reallocates the task identifier in the task thread according to the execution status of the quantum computing task fed back. Assume that the quantum computing task list received in the task registration module includes task0, task1, task2, task3, task4, task5, task6, task7, task8, and task9, and the tasks currently being executed in the server module are assumed to be task0, task1, task2, task3, and task4. If task0 is executed first at this time, the resource scheduling module will receive the information that task0 is executed. The resource scheduling module will select a suitable one from the remaining quantum computing tasks and put it into the execution thread, and transmit it to the server module, and the quantum control device completes the corresponding measurement and control experiment. It should be noted that the selection of a suitable quantum computing task to be placed in the execution thread mentioned here can be based on whether there is a quantum bit resource conflict between the selected quantum computing task and the quantum computing task currently being executed in the execution thread. For example, the quantum bits currently used by task1 are Q0, Q2, and Q4. If the quantum bits required by task5 are Q1, Q2, and Q3, it is obvious that since both require the participation of Q2, there is a quantum bit resource conflict between task5 and task1 and it is not suitable to be placed in the execution thread. The quantum bits required by task6 are Q5 and Q6, which do not conflict with task1 and are suitable to be placed in the execution thread. Of course, it is also necessary to determine whether task6 has a quantum bit resource conflict with task2, task3, and task4 before determining whether task6 is suitable to be placed in the execution thread.

[0058] Based on the same invention concept, please refer to Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for executing a quantum computing task, comprising:

[0059] S100: The task registration module registers the quantum computing task into the server module, and forwards the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are parameters required to execute the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and each task identifier is used to mark the storage location of a corresponding quantum computing task in the server module;

[0060] S200: The resource scheduling module generates a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameter, and outputs the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers;

[0061] S300: The server module generates a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feeds back the corresponding task identifier to the task registration module, and outputs the received task thread to the quantum control device;

[0062] S400: The quantum control device performs control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform a corresponding quantum computing task.

[0063] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further proposes a quantum computer, comprising a quantum computing measurement and control system as described in any one of the above-mentioned feature descriptions.

[0064] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further proposes a readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method for executing the quantum computing task described in the above feature description.

[0065] The readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can keep and store the instructions used by the instruction execution device, such as but not limited to an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device or any suitable combination of the above. The more specific example (non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium includes: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device, such as a punch card or a convex structure in a groove on which instructions are stored, and any suitable combination of the above. The computer program described here can be downloaded from the readable storage medium to each computing / processing device, or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device through a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and / or a wireless network. The network can include copper transmission cables, optical fiber transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and / or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer program from the network and forwards the computer program for storage in a readable storage medium in each computing / processing device. The computer program for performing the operation of the present invention may be an assembly instruction, an instruction set architecture (ISA) instruction, a machine instruction, a machine-dependent instruction, a microcode, a firmware instruction, a state setting data, or a source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer program may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet). In some embodiments, by utilizing the state information of a computer program to personalize an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), the electronic circuit can execute computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of the present invention.

[0066] Here, various aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the flowchart and / or block diagram of the method, system and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that each square frame of the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of the square frames in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be realized by a computer program. These computer programs can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device, so as to produce a machine, so that these programs, when executed by the processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device, produce a device for realizing the function / action specified in one or more square frames in the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer programs can also be stored in a readable storage medium, and these computer programs make the computer, programmable data processing device and / or other equipment work in a specific way, so that the readable storage medium storing the computer program includes a manufactured product, which includes instructions for realizing various aspects of the function / action specified in one or more square frames in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0067] The computer program may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the computer program executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to implement the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example" or "specific example" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0069] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any technician in the relevant technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, makes any form of equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present invention, which does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention and still falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that: include: A task registration module, used to register the quantum computing task into the server module, and forward the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are the parameters required for executing the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and the task identifier is used to mark the storage location of the quantum computing task in the server module; A resource scheduling module, used for generating a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameters, and outputting the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers; A server module is used to generate a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feed back the corresponding task identifier and experimental parameters to the task registration module, and output the received task thread to the quantum control device; A quantum control device is used to perform control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform the corresponding quantum computing task.

2. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum computing measurement and control system also includes: The user management module is used to receive the task identifier and the experimental parameters from the task registration module, and output the task identifier and the experimental parameters to the resource scheduling module.

3. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The user management module is also used to configure the permissions of the task registration module. The permissions of the task registration module include administrator permissions, ordinary user permissions, and visitor permissions in descending order.

4. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The user management module determines whether to forward the task identifier and the experimental parameters according to the authority of the task registration module.

5. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: If the authority of the task registration module cannot execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response that the task registration module cannot execute the task; If the authority of the task registration module is sufficient to execute the current quantum computing task, the user management module feeds back a response indicating that the task can be executed to the task registration module.

6. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The task registration module outputs the task identifier and the experimental parameters to the resource scheduling module.

7. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum control device is also used to feed back the execution status and execution results of the quantum computing task to the server module.

8. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The server module is also used to feed back the execution status and execution results of the quantum computing task to the task registration module.

9. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The server module is also used to feed back the execution status of the quantum computing task to the resource scheduling module.

10. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The resource scheduling module regenerates the task thread according to the task identifier based on the execution status of the quantum computing task fed back.

11. A method for executing a quantum computing task, characterized in that: include: The task registration module registers the quantum computing task into the server module, and forwards the task identifier and experimental parameters fed back from the server module, wherein the experimental parameters are parameters required for executing the quantum computing task corresponding to the task identifier, and the task identifier is used to mark the storage location of the quantum computing task in the server module; The resource scheduling module generates a task thread according to the received task identifier and the experimental parameter, and outputs the task thread to the server module, wherein the task thread includes a plurality of the task identifiers; The server module generates a corresponding task identifier according to the received quantum computing task, feeds back the corresponding task identifier and experimental parameters to the task registration module, and outputs the received task thread to the quantum control device; The quantum control device performs control and measurement operations on the quantum chip according to the task thread to perform the corresponding quantum computing task.

12. A quantum computer, characterized in that: A quantum computing measurement and control system comprising any one of claims 1-10.

13. A readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the method for executing the quantum computing task described in claim 11.

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