Electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses an electronic device. The radiator includes spaced-apart feed points and switching points. A signal source is electrically connected to the feed points. One end of a switching circuit is electrically connected to the switching points, and the other end of the switching circuit is grounded. When the switching circuit is in the off state, the antenna element forms a first resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the first resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the first radiation direction. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the antenna element forms a second resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the second resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the second radiation direction. The resonant current distributions of the first and second resonant modes are different, and the first and second radiation directions point towards different sides. This application achieves adjustable antenna radiation direction while reducing space occupation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] The antenna radiation direction in electronic devices has a significant impact on the strength of transmitted and received signals. As the portability of electronic devices increases, the internal space of these devices becomes increasingly limited. How to achieve adjustable antenna radiation direction and reconfigurable radiation pattern while reducing space occupation, in order to improve the strength of antenna signal transmission and reception, has become a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an electronic device that, while reducing its footprint, enables adjustable antenna radiation direction and reconfigurable radiation pattern to improve antenna signal transmission and reception strength.

[0004] In a first aspect, an electronic device is provided in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device includes an antenna assembly and a reference ground. The antenna assembly includes at least one antenna element, and the antenna element includes:

[0005] A radiator, which is spaced apart from the reference floor, includes feed points and switching points spaced apart from each other;

[0006] A signal source, which is electrically connected to the feed point;

[0007] A switching circuit, one end of which is electrically connected to the switching point, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the reference ground.

[0008] When the switching circuit is in the off state, the antenna unit forms a first resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the electromagnetic wave radiation direction formed by the resonant current of the first resonant mode is the first radiation direction.

[0009] When the switching circuit is in the on state, the antenna unit forms a second resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the second resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the second radiation direction; the resonant current of the first resonant mode and the resonant current of the second resonant mode have different distributions, and the first radiation direction and the second radiation direction are respectively directed toward different sides of the reference ground.

[0010] Secondly, an electronic device provided in this application includes a back cover, a frame, at least one first antenna unit and at least one second antenna unit. The first antenna unit is the antenna unit mentioned above, and the second antenna unit is the antenna unit mentioned above. The frame surrounds the periphery of the back cover. The frame includes a top edge, a first side edge, a bottom edge, and a second side edge connected in sequence. The first antenna unit is disposed on the first side edge or the second side edge. The main radiator of the second antenna unit is disposed on the top edge. The parasitic radiator of the second antenna unit is located on the top edge. Alternatively, at least a portion of the parasitic radiator of the second antenna unit is located on the first side edge or the second side edge.

[0011] This application designs an antenna element radiator comprising spaced-apart feed points and switching points. A signal source is electrically connected to the feed points, one end of a switching circuit is electrically connected to the switching point, and the other end of the switching circuit is grounded. When the switching circuit is in the off state, the antenna element forms a first resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the first resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the first radiation direction. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the antenna element forms a second resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the second resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the second radiation direction. The resonant currents of the first and second resonant modes have different distributions, and the first and second radiation directions are directed towards different sides of the reference ground plane. Thus, by switching the state of the switching circuit, the radiation direction of the antenna element can be adjusted, and the radiation pattern can be reconstructed, thereby improving the antenna signal transmission and reception strength while occupying less space. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a top view of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 6This is a current distribution diagram of the first resonant mode on the first antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a current distribution diagram on the first antenna element and reference ground plane provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the first antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application in the first resonant mode;

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another first antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the first sub-mode on the first antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first antenna element and the reference ground plane provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the second sub-mode on the first antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first antenna element and the reference ground plane provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 14 This is the radiation pattern of the first antenna element provided in the embodiment of this application in the second resonant mode;

[0027] Figure 15 This is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application in the second resonant mode;

[0028] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of first switch switching circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of first switch switching circuit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second antenna unit provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator of the second antenna unit on the middle frame according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second antenna unit on the middle frame provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 21 This is a current distribution diagram of the second antenna unit in the third resonant mode provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 22 This is the radiation pattern of the second antenna unit operating in the third resonance mode, as provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 23 This is a current distribution diagram of the second antenna unit operating in the fourth resonant mode, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 24 This is a current distribution diagram of the second radiator of the second antenna unit provided in this application embodiment, which is disposed on the middle frame and operates in the fourth resonant mode;

[0037] Figure 25 This is a floor current distribution diagram formed on the floor when the second antenna unit operates in the fourth resonant mode, as provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 26 This is the radiation pattern of the second antenna unit operating in the fourth resonant mode, as provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application, which has two first antenna units and one second antenna unit;

[0040] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application, which has two first antenna units and two second antenna units;

[0041] Figure 29 This is a circuit block diagram of the first control unit, the first switch switching circuit, and the second antenna switching circuit in the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 30 This is a circuit block diagram of the second control unit, the first switch switching circuit, and the second antenna switching circuit in the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0043] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0044] Electronic device 1000; Antenna assembly 100; Display screen 200; Mid-frame 300; Back cover 400; Mid-plate 310; Frame 320; Top edge 321; Bottom edge 322; First side edge 323; Second side edge 324; Antenna element 10; Radiator 1; Signal source 2; Switching circuit 3; Feed point A; Switching point B; Reference ground 500; First antenna element 10a; Radiator 1; First Radiator 1a; First feed point A1; First switching point B1; First Switching circuit 3a; first matching circuit M1; first free terminal C; second free terminal D; first reference ground edge 510; first switching unit 31a; first switching branch 32a; second antenna unit 10b; second radiator 1b; second feed point A2; second switching point B2; second switching circuit 3b; second matching circuit M2; main radiator 11b; parasitic radiator 12b; first grounding point E; third free terminal F; fourth free terminal G; second grounding point H. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solution of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described in this application are only a part of the embodiments, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0046] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, an assembly or device comprising one or more components is not limited to the one or more components listed, but may optionally also include one or more components not listed but inherent to the exemplified product, or one or more components that it should have based on the described function.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, devices with communication functions such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computers, wearable devices, drones, robots, and digital cameras. This embodiment uses a mobile phone as an example for illustration; other electronic devices can refer to this embodiment.

[0049] Please see Figure 2 The electronic device 1000 includes an antenna assembly 100. The antenna assembly 100 can improve antenna efficiency.

[0050] Please see Figure 2 Taking a mobile phone as an example, the working environment of the antenna assembly 100 is illustrated below. The electronic device 1000 includes a display screen 200, a mid-frame 300, and a back cover 400 arranged sequentially along its thickness. The mid-frame 300 includes a mid-plate 310 and a frame portion 320 surrounding the mid-plate 310. The frame portion 320 may be a conductive frame. Of course, in other embodiments, the electronic device 1000 may not have a mid-plate 310. The display screen 200, mid-plate 310, and back cover 400 are stacked sequentially, forming receiving spaces between the display screen 200 and the mid-plate 310, and between the mid-plate 310 and the back cover 400, to accommodate components such as the motherboard, camera module, receiver module, battery, and various sensors. One side of the frame portion 320 surrounds the edge of the display screen 200, and the other side surrounds the edge of the back cover 400, forming the complete external structure of the electronic device 1000. In this embodiment, the frame portion 320 and the middle plate 310 are an integral structure, while the frame portion 320 and the back cover 400 can be separate structures. The above describes the working environment of the antenna assembly 100 using a mobile phone as an example, but the antenna assembly 100 of this application is not limited to the above working environment.

[0051] Please see Figure 3 The frame portion 320 includes a top edge 321 and a bottom edge 322 disposed opposite to each other, and a first side edge 323 and a second side edge 324 connecting the top edge 321 and the bottom edge 322. The top edge 321 is the side away from the ground when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000, and the bottom edge 322 is the side facing the ground when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000. The first side edge 323 is the left side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000. The second side edge 324 is the right side when the user holds and uses the electronic device 1000.

[0052] The electronic device 1000 includes a reference ground plane 500. The reference ground plane 500 is generally rectangular in shape, and its reference ground edges include, but are not limited to, straight or regular edges. Various slots, holes, etc., are formed on the reference ground edges of the reference ground plane 500 as needed to accommodate components or avoid other structures in the mobile phone. The reference ground plane 500 includes, but is not limited to, the metal alloy portion of the middle plate 310 and the reference ground metal portion of the circuit board (including the main board and sub-board). Generally speaking, the reference ground system in the electronic device 1000 can be equivalent to a roughly rectangular shape, hence the name reference ground plane 500. However, the term "reference ground plane 500" does not imply that the reference ground is plate-shaped or a rectangular plate.

[0053] The antenna assembly 100 includes at least one antenna element 10. The structure of an antenna element 10 is described in detail below.

[0054] Please see Figure 4 The antenna unit 10 includes a radiator 1, a signal source 2, and a switching circuit 3.

[0055] Radiator 1 serves as the port for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals in the antenna assembly 100. The radio frequency signals are transmitted in the air medium as electromagnetic waves. This application does not specifically limit the material of radiator 1. Optionally, radiator 1 may be made of a conductive material, including but not limited to conductive materials such as metals and alloys.

[0056] This application does not specifically limit the shape of the radiator 1. For example, the shape of the radiator 1 includes, but is not limited to, strip, sheet, rod, coating, film, etc. Figure 4 The radiator 1 shown is merely an example and does not limit the shape of the radiator 1 provided in this application. In this embodiment, the radiator 1 is strip-shaped. This application does not limit the extension trajectory of the radiator 1. Optionally, the radiator 1 can extend along a curve or along a bend. In this embodiment, the radiator 1 is bend-shaped. The radiator 1 described above can be a line of uniform width along its extension trajectory, or it can be a strip of varying width, such as one with a gradually changing width or a widened area.

[0057] This application does not specifically limit the form of the radiator 1. Optionally, the form of the radiator 1 includes, but is not limited to, a metal frame, a metal frame embedded in a plastic frame, a metal radiator 1 located inside or on the surface of the frame portion 320, a flexible circuit board antenna formed on a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), a laser direct forming antenna (LDS), a printed direct forming antenna (PDS), a conductive sheet antenna (e.g., a metal bracket antenna), etc.

[0058] The reference floor 500 includes a first reference ground edge 510, and the radiator 1 is spaced apart from the first reference ground edge 510. Optionally, the radiator 1 is arranged parallel to the first reference ground edge 510. Of course, in other embodiments, the extending direction of the radiator 1 may form a small angle with the extending direction of the first reference ground edge 510, for example, an angle of less than 30°.

[0059] Please see Figure 4 The radiator 1 includes a feed point A and a switching point B spaced apart by phases.

[0060] The signal source 2 is electrically connected to the feed point A.

[0061] The first signal source 220 includes, but is not limited to, radio frequency transceiver chips. The first signal source 220 is used to transmit radio frequency signals (radio frequency current). After the radio frequency signals are transmitted to the radiator 1, they can excite a local or complete resonant current in the radiator 1 to form a resonant mode, so as to support the frequency band corresponding to the resonant current.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first signal source 220 is disposed on the motherboard. The electrical connection between the first signal source 220 and the radiator 1 includes, but is not limited to, direct soldering, or indirect connection via coaxial cable, microstrip line, conductive spring, conductive adhesive, etc. Specifically, the first signal source 220 is electrically connected to the first feed point AB via a feed spring (conductive spring) disposed on the motherboard.

[0063] The switch switching circuit 3 can be mounted on a circuit board. One end of the switch switching circuit 3 is electrically connected to the switching point B, wherein the electrical connection method includes, but is not limited to, a conductive spring contact connection, and the other end of the switch switching circuit 3 is grounded. Specifically, the other end of the switch switching circuit 3 is electrically connected to reference ground plane 500.

[0064] When the switching circuit 3 is in the off state, the antenna unit 10 forms a first resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the direction of electromagnetic wave radiation formed by the resonant current of the first resonant mode is the first radiation direction. The first radiation direction is the main radiation direction, that is, the main lobe direction.

[0065] When the switching circuit 3 is in the ON state, the antenna element 10 forms a second resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the electromagnetic wave radiation direction formed by the resonant current of the second resonant mode is the second radiation direction. The first radiation direction is the main radiation direction, i.e., the main lobe direction.

[0066] In other words, when the switching circuit 3 switches between the off state and the on state, the antenna element 10 can form different resonant modes that support the target frequency band, thereby forming different electromagnetic wave radiation directions.

[0067] The resonant current distributions of the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode are different, and the first radiation direction and the second radiation direction are respectively directed toward different sides of the reference ground 500. Taking the electronic device 1000 as a reference, the top edge 321, bottom edge 322, first side edge 323, second side edge 324, back cover 400, and display screen 200 of the electronic device 1000 are all located on different sides of the reference ground 500. When the switching circuit 3 switches between an off state and an on state, the electromagnetic wave radiation direction of the antenna unit 10 can be changed. For example, the electromagnetic wave radiation direction of the antenna unit 10 can switch from being directed toward the top edge 321 to being directed toward the bottom edge 322, etc.

[0068] Optional, please refer to Figure 4 The antenna assembly 100 further includes a matching circuit M. The matching circuit M is electrically connected between the feed point A and the signal source 2. The matching circuit M is used to adjust the impedance matching between the port of the signal source 2 and the port of the radiator 1. The matching circuit M includes at least one of a capacitor and an inductor. Further, the matching circuit M also includes a switch selection circuit, which is used to select devices with different impedances to operate, thereby adjusting the electrical length of the radiator 1, and thus changing the aperture of the radiator 1, thereby adjusting the electrical length of the radiator 1.

[0069] This application designs an antenna element 10 whose radiator 1 includes a feed point A and a switching point B spaced apart. A signal source 2 is electrically connected to feed point A, and one end of a switching circuit 3 is electrically connected to switching point B. The other end of the switching circuit 3 is grounded. When the switching circuit 3 is in the off state, the antenna element 10 forms a first resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the first resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the first radiation direction. When the switching circuit 3 is in the on state, the antenna element 10 forms a second resonant mode supporting the target frequency band, and the resonant current of the second resonant mode forms an electromagnetic wave radiation direction that is the second radiation direction. The resonant current distributions of the first and second resonant modes are different, and the first and second radiation directions are directed towards different sides of the reference ground plane 500. Thus, by switching the state of the switching circuit 3, the radiation direction of the antenna element 10 can be adjusted, and the radiation pattern can be reconstructed, thereby improving the antenna signal transmission and reception strength while occupying less space.

[0070] The structure of the antenna element 10 provided in this application will be illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] Please see Figure 5 For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, antenna element 10 is defined as first antenna element 10a, radiator 1 as first radiator 1a, feed point A as first feed point A1, switching point B as first switching point B1, and switch switching circuit 3 as first switch switching circuit 3a. Matching circuit M is first matching circuit M1.

[0072] The first radiator 1a has a first free end C and a second free end D at its two ends. The first free end C is the end on the frame 320 where a slit is formed. Of course, the slit next to the first free end C can be filled with insulating material to ensure a strong connection between the first radiator 1a and other conductive structures.

[0073] The first feed point A1 is located between the first free end C or between the first free end C and the first switching point B1. The first switching point B1 is located between the second free end D or between the second free end D and the first feed point A1. Specifically, the first feed point A1 is located at the first free end C, and the first switching point B1 is located at the second free end D; or, the first feed point A1 is located at the first free end C, and the first switching point B1 is located between the first feed point A1 and the second free end D, and the distance between the first switching point B1 and the second free end D is less than the distance between the first switching point B1 and the first feed point A1; or, the first feed point A1 is located between the first switching point B1 and the first free end C, the first switching point B1 is located at the second free end D, and the first feed point A1 is located between the first free end C and the first free end C, and the first switching point B1 is located at the second free end D, and the first feed point A1 is located between the first free end C and the first free end D, and the first switching point B ... 1. The distance between the first free end C and the first switch point B1 is less than the distance between the first feed point A1 and the first switching point B1; or, the first feed point A1 is located between the first switch point B1 and the first free end C, the first switch point B1 is located between the second free end D and the first feed point A1, and the distance between the first feed point A1 and the first free end C is less than the distance between the first feed point A1 and the first switch point B1, and the distance between the first switch point B1 and the second free end D is less than the distance between the first switch point B1 and the first feed point A1. In this arrangement, the first feed point A1 is close to or located at the first free end C, and the first switch point B1 is close to or located at the second free end D, making the length between the first feed point A1 and the first switch point B1 larger than the length of the first radiator 1a. This results in high utilization of the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode for the first radiator 1a.

[0074] Please see Figure 6 When the first switch circuit 3a is in the off state, the first radiator 1a is not grounded, and both ends of the first radiator 1a are free ends. Thus, the first antenna element 10a forms a dipole antenna. At this time, the current distribution of the first resonant mode formed by the first signal source 220 exciting the first radiator 1a is a dipole mode.

[0075] Please see Figure 7 In the first resonant mode, the resonant current between the first free end C and the second free end D first increases and then decreases. That is, the resonant current distribution of the first resonant mode between the first free end C and the second free end D is small at both ends and large in the middle. The electrical length between the first free end C and the second free end D is close to 1 / 2 wavelength of the target frequency band, and the first resonant mode is the 1 / 2 wavelength mode of the target frequency band.

[0076] Please see Figure 6The first radiator 1a is disposed along and spaced apart from the first reference ground edge 510. The first radiation direction is the direction of the first radiator 1a away from the first reference ground edge 510. Optionally, the first radiator 1a is a conductive frame, and the first reference ground edge 510 is the edge of the circuit board near the first radiator 1a.

[0077] Please see Figure 6 The first signal source 220 excites the first radiator 1a to form a first resonant mode that supports the target frequency band.

[0078] Please see Figure 8 In this embodiment, the first radiator 1a is affected by the reference ground 500, and the direction of the first resonant mode radiated energy, i.e. the first radiation direction, is the direction in which the first radiator 1a radiates towards the side away from the edge 510 of the first reference ground.

[0079] For example, the first radiator 1a is located on the second side 324, and the first radiation direction is approximately horizontal to the right.

[0080] The reference floor 500 includes a first reference ground edge 510, a second reference ground edge, a third reference ground edge, and a fourth reference ground edge. The first reference ground edge 510 and the third reference ground edge are edges along the length direction of the reference floor 500. The second reference ground edge and the fourth reference ground edge are edges along the width direction of the reference floor 500.

[0081] The distance between the first feed point A1 and the first free end C is less than the distance between the first feed point A1 and the midpoint of the first radiator 1a. In other words, the first feed point A1 is close to or is the first free end C. The distance between the first switching point B1 and the second free end D is less than the distance between the first switching point B1 and the midpoint of the first radiator 1a. In other words, the first switching point B1 is close to or is the second free end D. Thus, the length between the first feed point A1 and the first switching point B1 accounts for a larger proportion of the length of the first radiator 1a, resulting in a longer electrical length of the resonant current formed on the first radiator 1a, which can support a wider frequency range.

[0082] Please see Figure 9The first signal source 220, the first radiator 1a, the first switching circuit 3a, and the first reference ground edge 510 surround and form a gap 511. When the first switching circuit 3a is in the conducting state, the second resonant mode is a circular polarization mode that supports the target frequency band. The second radiation direction is the direction facing the reference ground 500. Specifically, the second radiation direction includes the direction of the reference ground 500 toward the back cover 400 and the direction of the reference ground 500 toward the display screen 200. The second radiation direction can be the normal direction of the reference ground 500, or an angle less than 90° offset from the normal direction of the reference ground 500 toward the side where the top edge 321 is located, or an angle less than 90 degrees offset from the normal direction of the reference ground 500 toward the side where the bottom edge 322 is located.

[0083] For details, please refer to Figure 9 Taking the first feed point A1 as the first free end C and the first switching point B1 as the second free end D as an example, the electric field polarization direction of the second resonant mode formed by the first radiator 1a under the excitation of the first signal source 220 is different in different phases.

[0084] Specifically, the second resonant mode includes a first sub-mode operating in a first phase. The second resonant mode also includes a second sub-mode operating in a second phase. The difference between the first and second phases is approximately 90°. The polarization direction of the electric field formed by the resonant current of the first sub-mode is approximately perpendicular or perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electric field formed by the resonant current of the second sub-mode. The amplitudes of the electric fields formed by the resonant currents of the first and second sub-modes are similar. The first and second sub-modes are orthogonal to each other and have a 90° phase difference, thus enabling the synthesis of a circularly polarized mode.

[0085] Specifically, the equivalent electrical length between the first feed point A1 and the first switching point B1 is close to 1 / 4 wavelength of the target frequency band, for example, 0.25-0.5λ. Taking a first phase of 0° as an example, the first sub-mode is a similar 1 / 4 wavelength mode of the target frequency band.

[0086] Please see Figure 10 and Figure 11The resonant current of the first sub-mode flows from the first feed point A1 to the first switching point B1. The resonant current of the first sub-mode at the first feed point A1 is less than the resonant current at the first switching point B1. Furthermore, the intensity of the resonant current of the first sub-mode is minimum at the first feed point A1, and the current intensity of the resonant current of the first sub-mode gradually increases from the first feed point A1 to the first switching point B1, reaching maximum intensity at the first switching point B1. At this time, the resonant current of the first sub-mode of the first antenna element 10a in the first phase is similar to or close to a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna mode.

[0087] Please see Figure 11 The electric field polarization direction formed by the resonant current of the first sub-mode is parallel to the direction of the first radiator 1a. For example, the first radiator 1a is located on the second side 324, and the resonant current of the first sub-mode is approximately vertically upward, that is, the first sub-mode is vertically polarized.

[0088] In this embodiment, when the first switch switching circuit 3a switches from the off state to the on state, the switch selection circuit in the first matching circuit M1 is adjusted, for example, by adding a small series capacitor, to reduce the electrical length of the first radiator 1a, so that the first radiator 1a can generate a resonant current similar to the 1 / 4 wavelength monopole antenna mode, thereby exciting the circular polarization mode.

[0089] For details, please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 The resonant current of the second sub-mode includes a first sub-current and a second sub-current in opposite directions. The first sub-current flows from the first feed point A1 to a first current weakness point located between the first feed point A1 and the first switching point B1. The second sub-current flows from the first switching point B1 to the first current weakness point. The current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first current weakness point is less than the current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first switching point B1. The current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first current weakness point is less than the current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first feed point A1. In other words, the resonant current of the second sub-mode is smaller in the middle and larger at both ends. At this time, the resonant current of the second sub-mode of the first antenna element 10a is a slot antenna mode, similar to a half-wave slot.

[0090] Please see Figure 13 The electric field of the second sub-mode is in the direction from the first radiator 1a to the edge 510 of the first reference ground. For example, the first radiator 1a is located on the second side 324, and the electric field polarization direction of the second sub-mode is horizontal, for example, horizontal to the right, that is, the second sub-mode is horizontally polarized.

[0091] The second sub-mode is a slot antenna mode. In this mode, a half-wave magnetic current is formed within the slot. The direction of the magnetic current is either from the first feed point A1 to the first switching point B1 or from the first switching point B1 to the first feed point A1. The second sub-mode is switched to a conducting state by the first switching circuit 3a, forming a slot between the first signal source 220, the first radiator 1a, the first switching circuit 3a, and the reference ground plane 500. The first signal source 220 excites a resonant current similar to a half-wave on the first radiator 1a, and correspondingly, a half-wave magnetic current is formed within the slot and radiates outwards in the form of magnetic current.

[0092] Optionally, when the first phase is 0°, the polarization direction of the first sub-mode is parallel to the first radiator 1a. When the second phase is 90°, the polarization direction of the second sub-mode is along the edge 510 of the first reference ground pointing towards the first radiator 1a. The electric fields of the first sub-mode and the second sub-mode are orthogonal to each other and 90° out of phase. The first and second sub-modes operate alternately. For example, at 0° phase, the first radiator 1a forms a resonant current of the first sub-mode under the excitation of the first signal source 220, forming a vertically upward polarization; at 90° phase, the first radiator 1a forms a resonant current of the second sub-mode under the excitation of the first signal source 220, forming a horizontally rightward polarization; at 180° phase, the first radiator 1a forms a resonant current opposite to the direction of the resonant current of the first sub-mode under the excitation of the first signal source 220, forming a vertically downward polarization; at 270° phase, the first radiator 1a forms a resonant current opposite to the direction of the resonant current of the second sub-mode under the excitation of the first signal source 220, forming a horizontally leftward polarization; and so on. The electric field vector of the first radiator 1a in the second resonant mode rotates in space along a circular direction, and the first radiator 1a supports the transmission of the first frequency band signal in a circularly polarized manner. Therefore, the second resonant mode is a circularly polarized mode.

[0093] Please see Figure 14 and Figure 15 , Figure 14 It is the radiation pattern of the first antenna element 10a when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the on state. Figure 15 This is the axial ratio diagram of the first antenna element 10a when the first switching circuit 3a is in the on state. From Figure 14 It can be seen that the main radiation direction of the first antenna unit 10a when the first switch circuit 3a is in the on state is from the reference ground 500 toward the rear cover 400 or the display screen 200. Figure 15It can be seen that the first antenna element 10a has a small axial ratio in the vicinity of the vertical axis of the reference ground 500 when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the conducting state, that is, the first antenna element 10a conforms to the circular polarization wave performance in the vicinity of the vertical axis of the reference ground 500 when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the conducting state.

[0094] By changing the state of the first switch switching circuit 3a, the structure of the first antenna unit 10a is altered. By adjusting the first matching circuit M1, the electrical length and impedance of the first radiator 1a are adjusted to achieve different resonant current distributions when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the off or on state, thus forming different radiation directions. In this way, the radiation pattern can be reconstructed without adding an additional antenna, and the first antenna unit 10a can switch between horizontal rightward radiation, radiation from the reference ground 500 toward the rear cover 400, and radiation from the reference ground 500 toward the display screen 200.

[0095] The structure of the first switch switching circuit 3a will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0096] Optional, please refer to Figure 16 The first switch switching circuit 3a includes a first switch unit 31a. One end of the first switch unit 31a is electrically connected to the first switching point B1, and the other end of the first switch unit 31a is grounded. In this embodiment, the first switch switching circuit 3a has an open state disconnected from the reference ground 500 and a short-circuit state electrically connected to the reference ground 500.

[0097] Alternatively, please refer to Figure 17 The first switching circuit 3a includes a first switching unit 31a and a plurality of first switching branches 32a. Each first switching branch 32a has a different impedance. One end of the first switching unit 31a is electrically connected to the first switching point B1. The other end of the first switching unit 31a can selectively conduct at least one end of the plurality of first switching branches 32a. The end of each first switching branch 32a away from the first switching unit 31a is grounded. The first switching branch 32a includes inductors and / or capacitors, etc.

[0098] In this embodiment, by configuring the first switching circuit 3a to include multiple first switching branches 32a, the first switching circuit 3a can be switched to different impedance grounding states. Thus, the first switching circuit 3a can change the electrical length of the first radiator 1a, changing the resonant mode or switching the frequency band supported by the first antenna unit 10a while keeping the target frequency band unchanged. This allows the first antenna unit 10a to switch its radiation direction across multiple frequency bands. For example, if the target frequency band is the MHB band, the first switching circuit 3a can be switched via the first switching unit 31a to connect to different first switching branches 32a, switching sub-bands of the MHB band, such as switching from B1 to B3.

[0099] This application does not specifically limit the location of the first antenna element 10a in the first embodiment. Optionally, the first antenna element 10a can be located on any one of the top edge 321, bottom edge 322, first side edge 323, and second side edge 324. Furthermore, this application does not specifically limit the number of first antenna elements 10a in the first embodiment. Optionally, the number of first antenna elements 10a can be one, two, three, or four.

[0100] Please see Figure 18 For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, antenna element 10 is defined as second antenna element 10b, radiator 1 as second radiator 1b, feed point A as second feed point A2, switching point B as second switching point B2, and switch switching circuit 3 as second switch switching circuit 3b. Matching circuit M is second matching circuit M2.

[0101] Please see Figure 18 The second radiator 1b includes a main radiator 11b and a parasitic radiator 12b.

[0102] Please see Figure 18 The main radiator 11b includes a first grounding point E, a second feed point A2, and a third free end F, arranged sequentially. The first grounding point E and the third free end F are the two ends of the main radiator 11b. The first grounding point E is electrically connected to the reference floor 500. The third free end F is the end on the frame 320 where a gap is formed. Of course, the gap next to the third free end F can be filled with insulating material to ensure the strong connection between the main radiator 11b and other conductive structures.

[0103] Please see Figure 18The parasitic radiator 12b includes a fourth free end G and a second grounding point H arranged sequentially. The second grounding point H and the fourth free end G are the two ends of the parasitic radiator 12b. The second grounding point H is electrically connected to the reference floor 500. The fourth free end G is the end on the frame 320 where a gap is formed. Of course, the gap next to the fourth free end G can be filled with insulating material to ensure the strong connection between the parasitic radiator 12b and other conductive structures.

[0104] A coupling gap, approximately 1-2 mm, exists between the third free end F and the fourth free end G. The main radiator 11b and the parasitic radiator 12b can be coupled through this coupling gap. The second grounding point H is used for electrical connection to the reference ground 500.

[0105] In the first implementation, please refer to Figure 18 and Figure 19 The second switching point B2 is located at the second grounding point H, meaning the second switch switching circuit 3b is electrically connected to the second grounding point H. In this embodiment, when the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the conducting state, one end of the parasitic radiator 12b is coupled to the main radiator 11b, and the end of the parasitic radiator 12b away from the main radiator 11b is grounded. The parasitic radiator 12b can couple with the main radiator 11b through the coupling gap, thereby achieving current guidance for the main radiator 11b. When the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the disconnected state, the parasitic radiator 12b is disconnected from the reference ground 500, the parasitic radiator 12b is a suspended branch, and the parasitic radiator 12b does not guide current to the main radiator 11b.

[0106] In the second implementation, please refer to Figure 20 The second switching point B2 is located at the fourth free end G, that is, the second switch switching circuit 3b is electrically connected to the fourth free end G, and the second grounding point H is directly grounded.

[0107] In this embodiment, when the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the on state, both ends of the parasitic radiator 12b are grounded, and the parasitic radiator 12b is integrated with the reference ground 500. The parasitic radiator 12b does not induce current in the main radiator 11b. When the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the off state, the fourth free end G of the parasitic radiator 12b is coupled to the main radiator 11b, and the second grounding point H of the parasitic radiator 12b, which is away from the main radiator 11b, is grounded. The parasitic radiator 12b can couple with the main radiator 11b through the coupling gap.

[0108] The electrical length between the first grounding point E and the third free end F is approximately one-quarter of the wavelength of the target frequency band.

[0109] Please see Figure 21When the second switching circuit 3b switches to the point where the parasitic radiator 12b does not exert a current guiding effect on the main radiator 11b, specifically when the second switching point B2 is located at the second grounding point H and the second switching circuit 3b is in the off state, or when the second switching point B2 is located at the fourth free terminal G and the second switching circuit 3b is in the on state.

[0110] Please see Figure 21 At this time, the resonant mode of the second antenna element 10b (i.e., the resonant mode formed by the signal source 2 exciting the main radiator 11b) is a 1 / 4 wavelength mode operating between the first ground point E and the third free end F. The resonant current of this resonant mode flows from the first ground point E to the third free end F. At this time, the second antenna element 10b is an IFA antenna.

[0111] Please see Figure 22 In this embodiment, the second radiator 1b is affected by the reference ground 500, and the direction of the resonant mode radiated energy of the second antenna element 10b is the direction in which the main radiator 11b is away from the first reference ground edge 510. For example, the main radiator 11b is located at the top edge 321, and the radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b is the direction in which the top edge 321 is away from the reference ground 500.

[0112] The electrical length of the parasitic radiator 12b is 0.2-0.3 times the wavelength of the target frequency band, and the electrical length of the parasitic radiator 12b is close to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the target frequency band.

[0113] Please see Figure 23 When the second switching circuit 3b switches to the point where the parasitic radiator 12b is coupled to the main radiator 11b, specifically when the second switching point B2 is located at the second grounding point H and the second switching circuit 3b is in the on state, or when the second switching point B2 is located at the fourth free end G and the second switching circuit 3b is in the off state.

[0114] Please see Figure 23 and Figure 24At this time, the resonant mode of the second antenna element 10b (i.e., the resonant mode formed by the signal source 2 exciting the main radiator 11b) generates a third sub-current between the first grounding point E and the third free end F, and generates a fourth sub-current opposite to the third sub-current between the fourth free end G and the second grounding point H. The current mode of the third sub-current is a 1 / 4 wavelength mode. The intensity of the third sub-current is greater than the intensity of the fourth sub-current. The direction of the third sub-current is opposite to the direction of the fourth sub-current. The fourth sub-current is the current formed on the parasitic radiator 12b due to the current guiding effect of the parasitic radiator 12b on the main radiator 11b. Wherein, if the parasitic radiator 12b does not exert a current guiding effect on the main radiator 11b, it means that the parasitic radiator 12b no longer generates the aforementioned fourth sub-current, or no coupling current is formed on the parasitic radiator 12b that couples with the main radiator 11b, that is, the parasitic radiator 12b is not coupled with the main radiator 11b.

[0115] Please refer to the following: Figure 24 and Figure 25 The parasitic radiator 12b directs the current to the side where the parasitic radiator 12b is located, so as to excite more current on the reference floor 500 from the side of the reference floor 500 away from the second radiator 1b.

[0116] Please see Figure 26 The radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b is the direction in which the reference ground 500 is away from the main radiator 11b.

[0117] In this embodiment, the second antenna element 10b is a port-to-port antenna. The parasitic radiator 12b, under the coupling effect of the main radiator 11b, excites a reverse current of 1 / 4 wavelength. At this time, the parasitic radiator 12b is equivalent to a parasitic capacitor, directing the current to its side. On one hand, the radiated energy generated by the reverse current on the parasitic radiator 12b can cancel out the radiated energy on the main radiator 11b. On the other hand, the parasitic radiator 12b directs the current to its side, thereby exciting more current on the reference ground 500 from the side of the reference ground 500 away from the second radiator 1b, so that the radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b is the direction in which the reference ground 500 is away from the main radiator 11b.

[0118] Optional, please refer to Figure 26 The direction in which the reference floor 500 is away from the main radiator 11b includes, but is not limited to, the direction from the main radiator 11b to the adjacent reference edge on the reference floor 500, and can also be a direction with a decreasing angle to the direction from the main radiator 11b to the adjacent reference edge on the reference floor 500.

[0119] Optionally, the parasitic radiator 12b and the main radiator 11b can be located on the same side or different sides of the frame 320. For example, all of the main radiator 11b is located on the top edge 321, a portion of the parasitic radiator 12b is located on the top edge 321, and the other portion is located on the second side edge 324. As another example, all of the main radiator 11b is located on the top edge 321, all of the parasitic radiator 12b is located on the top edge 321, and the parasitic radiator 12b is located near the first side edge 323 or the second side edge 324.

[0120] Please see Figure 18 For example, the main radiator 11b of the second antenna unit 10b is located at the top edge 321, a part of the parasitic radiator 12b is located at the top edge 321, and another part of the parasitic radiator 12b is located at the second side edge 324.

[0121] The angular difference between the radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b and the direction from the top edge 321 to the bottom edge 322 is less than or equal to 60°. Furthermore, the angular difference between the radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b and the direction from the top edge 321 to the bottom edge 322 is less than or equal to 45°. In other words, when the parasitic radiator 12b does not exert a current guiding effect on the main radiator 11b, the radiation direction of the second antenna element 10b is towards the top edge 321. When the parasitic radiator 12b is operating, it guides the radiation pattern towards the side where the bottom edge 322 is located, thereby achieving pattern reconstruction.

[0122] The structure of the second switch switching circuit 3b will be described in detail below with reference to the attached diagram.

[0123] Optional, for reference Figure 16 The second switch switching circuit 3b includes a second switch unit. One end of the second switch unit is electrically connected to the second switching point B2, and the other end of the second switch unit is grounded. In this embodiment, the second switch switching circuit 3b has an open state disconnected from the reference ground 500 and a short-circuit state electrically connected to the reference ground 500.

[0124] Alternatively, you can refer to Figure 17 The second switching circuit 3b includes a second switching unit and multiple second switching branches. Each second switching branch has a different impedance. One end of the second switching unit is electrically connected to the second switching point B2. The other end of the second switching unit can selectively conduct at least one end of the multiple second switching branches. The end of each second switching branch furthest from the second switching unit is grounded. The second switching branches include inductors and / or capacitors, etc.

[0125] In this embodiment, by setting the second switch switching circuit 3b to include multiple second switching branches, the second switch switching circuit 3b can be switched to different impedance grounding. In this way, the second switch switching circuit 3b can change the electrical length of the parasitic radiator 12b and tune a reverse current of 1 / 4 wavelength on the parasitic radiator 12b.

[0126] This application does not specifically limit the location of the second antenna unit 10b in the first embodiment. Optionally, the second antenna unit 10b can be located on any one of the top edge 321, bottom edge 322, first side edge 323, and second side edge 324. Furthermore, this application does not specifically limit the number of second antenna units 10b in the first embodiment. Optionally, the number of second antenna units 10b can be one, two, three, or four.

[0127] Furthermore, the second matching circuit M2 also includes a switch selection circuit, which is used to select devices with different impedances to operate, thereby adjusting the electrical length of the radiator 1 and changing the aperture of the radiator 1. The switch switching circuit 3b of the second antenna unit 10b can be switched to different second switching branches through the second switching unit to switch the sub-band of the MHB band, for example, switching from B1 to B3.

[0128] By changing the state of the second switch circuit 3b, the structure of the second antenna unit 10b is altered, enabling the second radiator 1b to form resonant modes with different resonant current distributions when the second switch circuit 3b is in the off or on state, thus forming different radiation directions. In this way, the radiation pattern can be reconstructed without adding an additional antenna, and the radiation direction of the second antenna unit 10b can be switched between the opposite sides (top edge 321 and bottom edge 322, first side edge 323 and second side edge 324).

[0129] An electronic device 1000 provided in this application includes a back cover 400, a frame 320, at least one of the aforementioned first antenna units 10a and at least one of the aforementioned second antenna units 10b.

[0130] The frame 320 surrounds the periphery of the rear cover 400. The frame 320 includes a top edge 321, a first side edge 323, a bottom edge 322, and a second side edge 324 connected in sequence. The first antenna element 10a is disposed on the first side edge 323 or the second side edge 324.

[0131] Optionally, the main radiator 11b of the second antenna unit 10b is disposed on the top edge 321, and the parasitic radiator 12b of the second antenna unit 10b is located on the top edge 321.

[0132] Alternatively, at least a portion of the parasitic radiator 12b of the second antenna element 10b is located on the first side 323 or the second side 324.

[0133] All of the above implementation methods can enable the second antenna unit 10b to radiate toward the top edge 321 when the parasitic radiator 12b does not exert a current guiding effect on the main radiator 11b, and the second antenna unit 10b to radiate toward the bottom edge 322 when the parasitic radiator 12b is working. By switching the second switch switching circuit 3b, the radiation direction of the second antenna unit 10b can be switched to the top edge 321 or the bottom edge 322.

[0134] Optional, please refer to Figure 27 The antenna assembly 100 includes a first antenna unit 10a disposed on the first side 323, a second antenna unit 10b disposed on the top side 321, and a first antenna unit 10a disposed on the second side 324. Thus, by switching the first switching circuit 3a of the first antenna unit 10a and the second switching circuit 3b of the second antenna unit 10b, the antenna radiation direction in the electronic device 1000 can be switched between the top side 321, the bottom side 322, the facing side of the reference floor 500 (including the side facing the display screen 200 and the side facing the rear cover 400), the side where the first side 323 is located, and the side where the second side 324 is located. In this way, the antenna radiation direction in the electronic device 1000 can cover the top side 321, the bottom side 322, the facing side of the reference floor 500, the side where the first side 323 is located, and the side where the second side 324 is located, achieving full coverage and reducing signal blind spots.

[0135] Optional, please refer to Figure 28 The number of the first antenna elements 10a is two. One first antenna element 10a is disposed on the first side 323, and the other first antenna element 10a is disposed on the second side 324. The antenna assembly 100 includes a first antenna unit 10a disposed on the second side 324, a first antenna unit 10a disposed on the first side 323, a second antenna unit 10b disposed on the top side 321, and a second antenna unit 10b disposed on the bottom side 322. Thus, by switching the first switching circuit 3a of the first antenna unit 10a and the second switching circuit 3b of the second antenna unit 10b, the antenna radiation direction in the electronic device 1000 can be switched between the top side 321, the bottom side 322, the side facing the reference floor 500, the side where the second side 324 is located, and the side where the first side 323 is located. This allows the antenna radiation direction in the electronic device 1000 to cover the top side 321, the bottom side 322, the side facing the reference floor 500, the side where the second side 324 is located, and the side where the first side 323 is located, achieving full coverage and reducing signal blind spots.

[0136] Furthermore, the distance between each of the first antenna elements 10a and the top edge 321 is smaller than the distance between each of the first antenna elements 10a and the bottom edge 322. In other words, the first antenna elements 10a are disposed in the upper half of the electronic device 1000 to prevent the hand from obstructing the first antenna elements 10a disposed on the first side edge 323 and the second side edge 324 when the device is held with one hand.

[0137] Please see Figure 28 The second antenna element 10b consists of two units: one located at the top edge 321 and the other at the bottom edge 322. The orthographic projection of the second antenna element 10b located at the top edge 321 along the extension direction of the first side edge 323 is at least partially offset from the second antenna element 10b on the bottom edge 322. For example, one second antenna element 10b is located at the top edge 321 near the second side edge 324 (or near the first side edge 323), and the other second antenna element 10b is located at the bottom edge 322 near the first side edge 323 (or near the second side edge 324). In other words, the two second antenna elements 10b are positioned at two corners to prevent simultaneous blocking of both second antenna elements 10b when the device is held with both hands, thus ensuring that energy can still be radiated towards the top edge 321 or the bottom edge 322 even when the device is held with both hands.

[0138] In an embodiment where one first antenna unit 10a is located on the first side 323, another first antenna unit 10a is located on the second side 324, one second antenna unit 10b is located on the top side 321, and another second antenna unit 10b is located on the bottom side 322, the four antenna units 10 can support the same frequency band. For example, two first antenna units 10a and two second antenna units 10b form a cellular antenna supporting 4×4 MIMO. In other embodiments, the four antenna units 10 can also support different frequency bands. For example, at least one of the two first antenna units 10a and two second antenna units 10b can support at least one of the Wi-Fi band, GPS band, and Bluetooth band, so that the radiation pattern can be intelligently switched when supporting the Wi-Fi band / GPS band / Bluetooth band.

[0139] The second antenna unit 10b in this application switches the operation of parasitic elements through the second switch switching circuit 3b to adjust the radiation pattern, and the first antenna unit 10a changes its operating state through the first switch switching circuit 3a to achieve radiation patterns with different beam orientations.

[0140] Please see Figure 29The electronic device 1000 further includes a first control unit 600. The first control unit 600 is electrically connected to a first switching circuit 3a in the first antenna unit 10a and a second switching circuit 3b in the second antenna unit 10b. The first control unit 600 is used to control the switching state of the first switching circuit 3a in the first antenna unit 10a and the switching state of the second switching circuit 3b in the second antenna unit 10b based on the signal strength of the first antenna unit 10a and the signal strength of the second antenna unit 10b.

[0141] For example, the first control unit 600 detects the signal strength of the first antenna unit 10a on the first side 323 when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the off state and the on state, the signal strength of the first antenna unit 10a on the second side 324 when the first switch switching circuit 3a is in the off state and the on state, the signal strength of the second antenna unit 10b on the top side 321 when the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the off state and the on state, and the signal strength of the second antenna unit 10b on the bottom side 322 when the second switch switching circuit 3b is in the off state and the on state. The target radiation direction is determined based on these signal strengths. The target radiation direction is the optimal signal radiation direction. The target antenna unit 10 and the target switching circuit 3 in the target antenna unit 10 are then determined based on the target radiation direction. The target antenna unit 10 is at least one of the following: the first antenna unit 10a located at the top edge 321, the first antenna unit 10a located at the bottom edge 322, the second antenna unit 10b located at the first side edge 323, and the second antenna unit 10b located at the second side edge 324. Finally, the working state of the switching circuit 3 in the target antenna unit 10 is controlled to be the target switching state. This allows the four antenna units 10 and the radiation pattern state (up, down, left, right, front, and back) to be switched based on an intelligent algorithm according to the actual communication environment, ensuring a good user experience.

[0142] Please see Figure 30 The electronic device 1000 further includes a second control unit 700. The second control unit 700 is electrically connected to a first switching circuit 3a in the first antenna unit 10a and a second switching circuit 3b in the second antenna unit 10b. The second control unit 700 is used to control the switching circuit 3b of the first antenna unit 10a to switch its radiation direction towards the side where the rear cover 400 is located when a person's head is detected approaching the display screen 200 of the electronic device 1000.

[0143] The first control unit 600 and the second control unit 700 can have the same structure or different structures. The first control unit 600 can be a separately packaged chip or an integrated chip. The second control unit 700 can be a separately packaged chip or an integrated chip.

[0144] Furthermore, the display screen 200 of the electronic device 1000 is provided with a metal support plate (e.g., copper foil) at its bottom. The metal support plate is used to reflect the radiation direction of the first antenna unit 10a when the switching circuit is in the on state to the side facing the rear cover 400. Thus, when the second control unit 700 detects that a person's head is close to the display screen 200 of the electronic device 1000 (e.g., during a call), it controls the switching circuit 3 of the first antenna unit 10a to switch to the on state. At this time, the radiation direction is towards the side where the rear cover 400 is located, thereby effectively reducing SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) and improving the OTA performance of the cellular antenna while meeting SAR compliance.

[0145] Mobile terminal antenna direction Figure 1 Traditionally, beams radiate omnidirectionally with random main beam direction, resulting in uncontrollable performance in scenarios requiring directional communication (e.g., GPS, Bluetooth) and an inability to adjust according to user posture and phone placement. This application, through its design, achieves beam controllability and the ability to switch beams based on usage scenarios and user posture, and can be effectively applied to the following scenarios.

[0146] The first application scenario: When a user uses Bluetooth headphones and their phone is in their pocket, the phone is typically facing either top or bottom down. The Bluetooth antenna's radiation pattern, regardless of its orientation, cannot meet the user's optimal performance under specific conditions. Even with an omnidirectional radiation design, it suffers from low gain (the antenna's radiated energy is not concentrated; if concentrated in one direction, user habits are unpredictable). This application can determine the optimal signal direction of the Bluetooth antenna by monitoring the signal strength of each antenna element 10 under different operating states, thereby controlling the Bluetooth antenna's beam to align with the optimal signal strength direction.

[0147] The second application scenario: Mobile phone GPS antennas often only guarantee performance in the upper hemisphere. When the user lays the phone flat or upside down, the energy ratio of the GPS antenna pointing towards the satellites in the sky cannot be guaranteed. This application determines the optimal signal direction of the GPS antenna by monitoring the signal strength of each antenna element 10 under different operating states, and then controls the beam of the GPS antenna to be oriented towards the optimal signal strength direction.

[0148] The third application scenario: The radiation pattern of a mobile phone cellular antenna has blind spots in its coverage of the entire 360°×180° sphere. The multi-beam switching characteristics of reconfigurable antennas can compensate for these blind spots and expand the coverage area. Furthermore, if multiple reconfigurable antennas are used, such as replacing all conventional 4×4 MIMO cellular antennas with reconfigurable antennas radiating in various directions, the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the phone can be increased, significantly enhancing the overall communication capability. In addition, in scenarios where the phone is held with one hand, two hands, a person's head or other body parts are close to it, conventional antennas experience a significant performance degradation due to human absorption. The antenna element 10 in this application forms a reconfigurable antenna by switching the state of circuit 3 via a switching switch. Reconfigurable antennas can reduce the impact of human presence to some extent by changing the radiation direction of the radiation pattern, and using multiple reconfigurable antennas simultaneously can further reduce the impact of human presence and ensure signal quality.

[0149] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 100 provided in this application is a reconfigurable antenna architecture, including four reconfigurable antenna elements 10 controlled by a switching circuit 3. Two first antenna elements 10a are located on the left and right sides of the mobile phone, respectively. The electrical length of each antenna element 10 is half a wavelength (the overall electrical length of the antenna element 10 can be changed to half a wavelength by connecting a capacitor / inductor in series between the first switching circuit 3a and the reference ground plane 500). The first switching circuit 3a, which is electrically connected to a signal source 2 and ground, is loaded at both ends of the antenna element 10 to control two states: grounded and open circuit.

[0150] Two second antenna units 10b are located on the top and bottom sides of the mobile phone respectively (e.g., staggered design in two corners). Each antenna unit 10 is a quarter-wavelength IFA antenna. The free end of the antenna unit 10 is loaded with a parasitic stub (equivalent electrical length greater than / less than a quarter wavelength), and the open end of the parasitic stub faces the antenna unit 10. The parasitic stub grounding point or the free end is loaded with a second switching circuit 3b connected to the ground to control the two states of grounding / open circuit.

[0151] The four antenna units 10 mentioned above each implement two different radiation pattern states based on the open / closed states of the switch switching circuit 3. The four antenna units 10 implement a total of eight different radiation patterns, as well as more radiation pattern combinations, to achieve full coverage of the entire sphere centered on the mobile phone and avoid signal blind spots.

[0152] The antenna assembly 100 provided in this application allows a single antenna element 10 to work with a switching circuit 3 to achieve two different radiation pattern states, providing directional beams and higher gain compared to conventional omnidirectional antennas. Multiple antenna elements 10 (e.g., four antennas for cellular communication) can operate simultaneously, each with beams pointing in different directions, achieving full coverage and eliminating signal blind spots. Based on the actual communication environment, an intelligent algorithm switches the antenna elements 10 and radiation pattern states (up, down, left, right, front, back) to ensure a good user experience. Since each antenna element 10 on all four sides of the phone has beam-switching functionality, it effectively prevents the phone from being gripped too tightly by the user's hand. For one-handed grip, even if the second antenna element 10b on the bottom edge 322 is gripped tightly, the other three antenna elements 10 can still achieve full coverage. For two-handed gaming mode, only the second antenna element 10b on the bottom edge 322 or the top edge 321 can be gripped tightly (staggered design), but the other three antenna elements 10 can still effectively radiate, achieving full coverage.

[0153] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes an antenna assembly and a reference ground plane. The antenna assembly includes at least one antenna element, and the antenna element includes: A radiator, which is spaced apart from the reference floor, includes feed points and switching points spaced apart from each other; A signal source, which is electrically connected to the feed point; A switching circuit, one end of which is electrically connected to the switching point, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the reference ground. When the switching circuit is in the off state, the antenna unit forms a first resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the electromagnetic wave radiation direction formed by the resonant current of the first resonant mode is the first radiation direction. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the antenna unit forms a second resonant mode that supports the target frequency band, and the electromagnetic wave radiation direction formed by the resonant current of the second resonant mode is the second radiation direction. The reference ground includes a reference ground edge, and the signal source, the radiator, the switching circuit and the reference ground edge surround to form a gap. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the second resonant mode is a circular polarization mode that supports the target frequency band. The resonant current distribution of the first resonant mode is different from that of the second resonant mode, and the first radiation direction and the second radiation direction are respectively directed toward different sides of the reference floor.

2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator has a first free end and a second free end at its two ends, respectively. The feed point is located at the first free end or between the first free end and the switching point, and the switching point is located at the second free end or between the second free end and the feed point.

3. The electronic device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the switching circuit is in the off state, the resonant current in the first resonant mode between the first free end and the second free end first increases and then decreases. The first resonant mode is the 1 / 2 wavelength mode of the target frequency band.

4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, The radiator is disposed along the edge of the reference ground and spaced apart from the edge of the reference ground, and the first radiation direction is the direction of the radiator away from the edge of the reference ground.

5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the feed point and the first free end is less than the distance between the feed point and the midpoint of the radiator, and the distance between the switching point and the second free end is less than the distance between the switching point and the midpoint of the radiator.

6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The radiator is disposed along and spaced apart from the edge of the reference ground; the second radiation direction is the direction facing the reference floor.

7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The second resonant mode includes a first sub-mode operating in the first phase, wherein the resonant current of the first sub-mode flows from the feed point to the switching point, and the resonant current of the first sub-mode at the feed point is less than the resonant current at the switching point.

8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The second resonant mode further includes a second sub-mode operating in the second phase. The resonant current of the second sub-mode includes a first sub-current and a second sub-current in opposite directions. The first sub-current flows from the feed point to a first current weak point located between the feed point and the switching point. The second sub-current flows from the switching point to the first current weak point. The current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first current weak point is less than the current intensity of the second sub-mode at the switching point. The current intensity of the second sub-mode at the first current weak point is less than the current intensity of the second sub-mode at the feed point.

9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The electric field of the second sub-mode is the direction in which the radiator points to the edge of the reference ground; The second sub-mode is a slot antenna mode, in which a magnetic current is formed within the slot, and the direction of the magnetic current is either along the direction from the feed point to the switching point or along the direction from the switching point to the feed point.

10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The polarization direction of the first sub-mode is parallel to the radiator, and the polarization direction of the second sub-mode is along the edge of the reference ground pointing towards the radiator. The polarization directions of the first sub-mode and the second sub-mode are perpendicular.

11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator includes a main radiator and a parasitic radiator. The main radiator includes a first grounding point, a feed point and a third free end arranged in sequence. The parasitic radiator includes a fourth free end and a second grounding point arranged in sequence. The first grounding point is grounded. There is a coupling gap between the third free end and the fourth free end. The second grounding point is electrically connected to the reference ground. The switching point is located at the second grounding point or the fourth free end.

12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The radiator is disposed along the edge of the reference ground and at a distance from the edge of the reference ground; When the switching circuit switches to a state where the parasitic radiator does not induce current in the main radiator, the resonant mode of the antenna element is a 1 / 4 wavelength mode operating between the first ground point and the third free end, and the radiation direction of the antenna element is the direction in which the main radiator is away from the edge of the reference ground.

13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The electrical length of the parasitic radiator is 0.2-0.3 times the wavelength of the target frequency band; When the switching circuit switches to the point where the parasitic radiator is coupled to the main radiator, the resonant mode of the antenna element forms a third sub-current between the first ground point and the third free end, and generates a fourth sub-current opposite to the third sub-current between the fourth free end and the second ground point. The radiation direction of the antenna element is the direction in which the reference ground is away from the main radiator.

14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The switching point is located at the second grounding point. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the parasitic radiator is coupled to the main radiator. When the switching circuit is in the off state, the parasitic radiator does not have a current-directing effect on the main radiator. or, The switching point is located at the fourth free end. When the switching circuit is in the off state, the parasitic radiator is coupled to the main radiator. When the switching circuit is in the on state, the parasitic radiator does not exert a current guiding effect on the main radiator.

15. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a switching unit, one end of which is electrically connected to the switching point, and the other end of which is grounded; or... The switching circuit includes a switching unit and multiple switching branches, each of which has a different impedance. One end of the switching unit is electrically connected to the switching point, and the other end of the switching unit can selectively conduct at least one end of the multiple switching branches. The end of each switching branch furthest from the switching unit is grounded.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a back cover, a frame, at least one first antenna unit and at least one second antenna unit. The first antenna unit is the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-10, and the second antenna unit is the antenna unit according to any one of claims 11-15. The frame surrounds the periphery of the back cover and includes a top edge, a first side edge, a bottom edge, and a second side edge connected in sequence. The first antenna unit is disposed on the first side edge or the second side edge. The main radiator of the second antenna unit is disposed on the top edge edge. The parasitic radiator of the second antenna unit is located on the top edge edge, or at least a portion of the parasitic radiator of the second antenna unit is located on the first side edge or the second side edge edge.

17. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The number of first antenna elements is two, one first antenna element is located on the first side and the other first antenna element is located on the second side, and the distance between each first antenna element and the top edge is less than the distance between each first antenna element and the bottom edge.

18. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The number of second antenna elements is two, one second antenna element is located on the top edge and the other second antenna element is located on the bottom edge. The orthographic projection of the second antenna element located on the top edge in the direction of extension of the first side edge is at least partially offset from the second antenna element on the bottom edge.

19. The electronic device as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, Two of the first antenna elements and two of the second antenna elements form a cellular antenna that supports 4×4 MIMO; Alternatively, at least one of the two first antenna units and the two second antenna units may be used to support at least one of the Wi-Fi band, GPS band, and Bluetooth band.

20. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a first control unit, which is electrically connected to the switching circuit in the first antenna unit and the switching circuit in the second antenna unit. The first control unit is used to control the switching state of the switching circuit in the first antenna unit and the switching state of the switching circuit in the second antenna unit according to the signal strength of the first antenna unit and the signal strength of the second antenna unit.

21. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a second control unit, which is electrically connected to the switching circuit in the first antenna unit and the switching circuit in the second antenna unit. The second control unit is used to control the switching circuit of the first antenna unit to switch the radiation direction to the side where the back cover is located when a person's head is detected approaching the display screen of the electronic device.

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