Pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system and control method for seeding synchronous fertilizer applicator

Abstract

A pneumatic spiral fertilizer delivery system, installed on a simultaneous seeding and fertilizer spreading machine, includes a spiral delivery pipe, a pneumatic distributor, and an air-fertilizer mixing device. The lower end of the spiral delivery pipe is connected to the mixing chamber of the air-fertilizer mixing device, while the upper end is connected to the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor. The spiral delivery pipe is arranged vertically, and its inner wall features a threaded, rotating protrusion design. The present invention also discloses a control method for the pneumatic spiral fertilizer delivery system. This method reduces the impact of external factors on the consistency of fertilizer delivery across rows, improves the reliability and stability of the fertilizer delivery system, and ensures that crops receive a uniform and accurate supply of fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a pneumatic concentrated spiral fertilizer discharging system for a sowing synchronous fertilizer applicator and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizers provide essential nutrients for crop growth, ensuring high-quality, high-yield crops and playing a vital role in agricultural production. Fertilization is crucial for crop yields, and improving its efficiency and accuracy, while ensuring uniform application and consistent fertilizer dosage across rows, is crucial.

[0003] In complex, unstructured farmland environments, the uneven, undulating fields of the field are prone to vibration and deflection during operation. This results in poor fertilizer application uniformity and the risk of over-application, under-application, and missed applications. Current pneumatic fertilizer collection and discharge systems being researched domestically and internationally cannot generate a high-speed rotating air-fertilizer mixed flow, nor can they address the problems of poor fertilizer application uniformity and the large coefficient of variation in fertilizer application consistency across rows caused by undulating ground, vibration, and deflection of equipment. Furthermore, the fertilizer collection and discharge systems are prone to clogging, uneven and inadequate air-fertilizer mixing, and severe air pressure loss during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address these issues, the present invention discloses a pneumatic, centralized, spiral fertilizer delivery system and control method for a synchronized seeding fertilizer applicator. The system utilizes a spiral delivery tube and high-speed airflow to create a high-speed rotating air-fertilizer mixed flow. This high-speed rotating air-fertilizer mixed flow offers significant power and stability, significantly offsetting the adverse effects of ground undulations, tilting of agricultural implements, and vibration. This ensures uniform fertilization and consistent fertilizer delivery across rows, even in complex and changing field environments.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharging system for a synchronous sowing fertilizer spreader disclosed by the present invention is installed on the synchronous sowing fertilizer spreader, and the synchronous sowing fertilizer spreader also includes a pneumatic sowing unit for sowing, a pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharging system for discharging fertilizer, a frame for supporting the stable operation of the entire system, and a fertilizer discharging ditching unit for digging trenches to ensure the fertilization operation. The pneumatic sowing unit and the fertilizer discharging ditching unit are paired and symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame one by one. The pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharging system is installed above the frame. The pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharging system includes a spiral conveying pipe, a fertilizer conveying hose, a pneumatic distributor, a fertilizer discharging wheel, a fertilizer box, a stepping motor, an air-fertilizer mixing device and a speed-regulating fan. The fertilizer wheel is installed between the fertilizer box and the gas-fertilizer mixing device. The stepper motor is connected to the fertilizer wheel to provide a power source for the fertilizer wheel. The speed-regulating fan is located on one side of the gas-fertilizer mixing device and is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device. The lower end of the spiral conveying pipe is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device, and the upper end is connected to the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor. The mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor has n outlets (n>1 and is an integer), and each outlet is connected one by one to one to one end of the fertilizer hose. The spiral conveying pipe is arranged vertically, and the inner wall of the pipe is designed with a threaded rotating protrusion. The number of the fertilizer discharge ditching units is consistent with the number of the fertilizer hoses.

[0007] Fertilizer is quantitatively discharged from the fertilizer box by the fertilizer wheel, and enters the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device under the action of its own gravity and pressure difference. The speed-regulating fan generates a high-speed airflow, and the high-speed airflow enters the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device. The gas-fertilizer mixing device is designed as a Venturi structure, which fully mixes the high-speed airflow and fertilizer particles to form a uniform gas-fertilizer mixed flow. The gas-fertilizer mixed flow enters the spiral conveying pipe. Under the combined action of the guidance, friction and fertilizer contact reflection of the spiral conveying pipe, a high-speed rotating gas-fertilizer mixed flow is formed. The pneumatic distributor evenly distributes the high-speed rotating gas-fertilizer mixed flow to each outlet through multiple fertilizer delivery hoses, and then transports it quickly and smoothly to the grooves opened by the fertilizer discharge ditching units in each row, completing the fertilizer discharge. A spiral conveying pipe is installed between the combining cavity and the mixing cavity of the pneumatic distributor, which can disturb the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow before it enters the pneumatic distributor to prevent fertilizer particles from gathering or clogging in the pipe, thereby ensuring that the fertilizer particles can enter the pneumatic distributor evenly and smoothly, promoting the uniform distribution of the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow. The three-dimensional curve formed by the spiral convex design of the spiral conveying pipe combines the characteristics of linear motion and rotational motion, so that the gas-fertilizer mixture rotates and rises along the spiral track, which helps to mix the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow more evenly, thereby reducing the influence of the uniformity of fertilization in each row and the consistency of fertilizer discharge in each row caused by ground undulations, vibration and deflection of the machine during travel in the existing technology, improving the reliability and stability of the fertilizer discharge system, and ensuring that crops are evenly and accurately supplied with fertilizer.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the spiral conveying pipe includes a length L1, a pipe diameter D, a pitch P, spiral cross-section slope angles α and β, and a minor arc R. The spiral cross-section slope angles α and β are respectively the upper and lower angles between the vertical inner wall of the spiral cross-section and the two adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion. The minor arc R is a circular arc segment of a circle that is tangent to both adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion. The minor arc R is designed as a circular arc segment to connect the spiral and the inner wall of the pipe, allowing the gas-fertilizer mixture to smoothly transition to the pneumatic distributor during transportation, significantly reducing the resistance of the gas-fertilizer mixture during transportation in the spiral conveying pipe and improving transportation efficiency.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the length L1 of the spiral conveying pipe is 350-450 mm, the spiral section slope angles α and β are 20°-29°, the air flow velocity in the pipe is 30-40 m / s, and the pitch P is 90-105 mm.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the fertilizer discharging system further includes a stepper motor driver, which is a motor speed regulator. The motor speed regulator is installed between the stepper motor and the fertilizer discharging wheel and is used to control the stepper motor, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharging wheel. In this way, it is possible to selectively apply quantitative fertilizer to multiple rows of crops according to different fertilizers, which has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the fertilizer discharge system also includes an ECU control system, which includes an ECU, a power supply, a wind speed controller, a touch panel, a fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared photoelectric sensor for real-time monitoring the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box, a height detection sensor installed on a suspension bracket that suspends the fertilizer spreader on a tractor, a wind speed detection sensor installed at the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer discharge pipe for monitoring the wind speed at the fertilizer discharge port, and an alarm for warning of fertilizer blockage and fertilizer shortage. A fertilizer box cover is provided at the upper end of the fertilizer box, the ultrasonic sensor is installed on the fertilizer box cover, and the infrared photoelectric sensor is installed on the inner wall of the lower end of the fertilizer box and is above the bottom of the fertilizer box for real-time monitoring the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the fertilizer discharge ditching unit includes a fertilizer discharge pipe, the other end of the fertilizer delivery hose is connected to the fertilizer discharge pipe, and a pneumatic distributor cover is provided at the upper end of the pneumatic distributor.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a control method for the pneumatic collection and discharge type spiral fertilizer discharge system, and the control method comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1: Turn on the power, ECU control system is powered on, initialized, and enters S2;

[0015] S2: After setting the preset values ​​on the touch panel, such as the amount of fertilizer discharged per mu, the speed of the fertilizer wheel, the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the speed of the speed-regulating fan, enter S3;

[0016] S3: Through the touch panel operation, a start signal is sent to the fan controller of the speed-regulating fan, and the speed-regulating fan starts, and enters S4; S4: After starting the speed-regulating fan for 5 seconds, the stepper motor driver drives the stepper motor to start, and the fertilizer discharge wheel starts to rotate, and enters S5;

[0017] S5: The fertilizer spreader moves forward, and at the same time, the forward speed detection sensor of the fertilizer spreader detects the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader in real time. If the speed changes, the forward speed detection sensor of the fertilizer spreader immediately sends a signal. After receiving the signal, the ECU performs calculations and converts the calculation results into electrical signals through the signal transmission line and sends them to the stepper motor driver. The stepper motor driver adjusts the speed of the stepper motor through the motor speed regulator according to the speed adjustment instruction, thereby adjusting the speed of the fertilizer discharge wheel, and then adjusting the fertilizer discharge amount and entering S6. If there is no change, it directly enters S6;

[0018] S6: The amount of fertilizer remaining in the fertilizer box is detected in real time by an infrared photoelectric sensor. If the infrared light is blocked by the fertilizer, it is determined that there is sufficient fertilizer in the fertilizer box, and the infrared photoelectric sensor does not send an alarm signal, then the process proceeds to S7. If the amount of fertilizer remaining in the fertilizer box is lower than the installation position of the infrared photoelectric sensor, the infrared light is no longer blocked by the fertilizer, the infrared photoelectric sensor sends a signal, the ECU receives the signal fed back by the infrared photoelectric sensor, and sends a fertilizer shortage alarm signal through the alarm, then the process proceeds to S10.

[0019] When the operator sees the alarm signal, there is still a small amount of fertilizer left in the fertilizer box, which provides the operator with a buffer time to add fertilizer. Fertilizer can be replenished in time without affecting the current operation, avoiding operation interruption caused by sudden depletion of fertilizer;

[0020] S7: The ultrasonic sensor installed on the top of the fertilizer box detects the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box in real time. If the amount of fertilizer is higher than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor does not send an alarm signal, and the process proceeds to S8. If the amount of fertilizer is lower than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor sends a feedback signal. After the ECU receives the signal fed back by the ultrasonic sensor and sends an alarm signal through the alarm, the process proceeds to S10.

[0021] S8: The wind speed detection sensor installed at the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer discharge pipe monitors the wind speed change in real time, converts it into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the ECU control system through the signal transmission line. The ECU control system analyzes and processes the signal after receiving it. If the wind speed changes, it confirms whether the fertilizer discharge port is blocked. If so, it enters S10; if not, it enters S9;

[0022] S9: Using a height detection sensor installed on the suspension frame that suspends the fertilizer spreader on the tractor, the distance between the suspension frame and the ground is monitored in real time. Let L represent the actual distance between the suspension frame and the ground detected by the height detection sensor, and L0 represent the distance between the suspension frame and the ground when the fertilizer spreader performs normal straight-line fertilization operation. If L>L0, the fertilizer spreader is lifted, and a field turning operation is performed, and the process enters S10. If L≤L0, the fertilizer spreader continues to perform straight-line fertilization operation, and the process enters S5.

[0023] S10: The stepper motor driver controls the stepper motor to stop, the fertilizer wheel stops rotating, and after a delay of 5 seconds, the speed regulating fan is turned off, the ECU control system ends operation, and the fertilizer spreader stops operating.

[0024] All signal transmissions are carried out through signal transmission lines.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. This application designs a combination of a spiral conveying pipe and a speed-controlled fan. The optimized design of the spiral conveying pipe's parameters, such as the spiral pipe length, cross-sectional slope angle, internal airflow velocity, and pitch, improves the fertilizer discharge uniformity of the pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system.

[0027] 2. This application designs a fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor, a wind speed detection sensor, and a height detection sensor that are combined and applied to the fertilizer discharge system. The ECU control system can adjust the fertilizer discharge wheel speed in real time according to the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, ensuring that the actual fertilizer discharge amount per mu of land and the theoretical fertilizer discharge amount are always kept within a certain error range. The wind speed detection sensor can sense whether the fertilizer discharge port is blocked. If blocked, it will promptly issue an alarm so that the operator can deal with it in time to prevent the operation process from being affected. The height detection sensor can sense whether the fertilizer spreader is turning at the end of the field and promptly stop the ineffective operation of the fertilizer discharge wheel and the fertilization operation, thereby improving the efficiency of the fertilizer spreader operation.

[0028] 3. This application designs an infrared photoelectric sensor and an ultrasonic sensor in the fertilizer box to monitor the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer box in real time. When there is a shortage of fertilizer, an alarm signal is issued so that the operator can replenish it in time, avoiding operation interruption caused by fertilizer depletion, improving the operation efficiency of the fertilizer spreader and saving operation time.

[0029] In short, the pneumatic concentrated spiral fertilizer discharge system and control method disclosed in the present invention are applied to a sowing and synchronous fertilizer spreader. It can not only sow seeds, but also simultaneously carry out effective and controlled fertilization. It can monitor the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader in real time, and can adjust the speed of the fertilizer wheel in real time according to the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader to control the amount of fertilizer applied. It can also monitor the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box and the fertilizer shortage alarm function in real time, and can stop fertilizing when turning at the end of the field and alarm when fertilizer is blocked. It has strong practicality and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The overall structure of the pneumatic spiral fertilizer dispensing system for the seeding and fertilizing machine;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic side view of

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Front view of ;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral conveying pipe;

[0034] Figure 5 For fertilizer granules Figure 4 Schematic diagram of forces and motions in ;

[0035] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Cross-section of the medium fertilizer box;

[0036] Figure 7 This is the schematic diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of the control method of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system;

[0039] List of Figure Symbols:

[0040] 1. Pneumatic seeding unit; 1-2. Rectangular fixing plate; 1-3. Connecting bolts; 1-4. Seeding furrow opener; 1-5. Seeding device; 1-6. Soil cover; 1-7. Suppression wheel; 1-8. Suppression adjustment mechanism; 1-9. Side plate; 1-10. Seed box; 1-11. Parallelogram adjustment mechanism; 1-12. U-shaped fixing plate; 1-13. Spring adjustment mechanism; 2. Pneumatic collective spiral fertilizer discharge system; 2-1. Spiral conveying pipe; 2-2. Fertilizer hose; 2-3. Pneumatic distributor; 2-4. Pneumatic distributor cover; 2-5. Fertilizer wheel; 2-6. Fertilizer box Cover; 2-7, fertilizer box; 2-7-1, ultrasonic sensor; 2-7-2, infrared photoelectric sensor; 2-8, motor speed regulator; 2-9, stepper motor; 2-10, gas-fertilizer mixing device; 2-11, speed-regulating fan; 3, frame; 4, fertilizer discharge and ditching unit; 4-1, fertilizer discharge pipe; 4-2, U-shaped bolt; 4-3, column; 4-4, fixing bracket; 4-5, L-shaped plate; 4-6, bolt; 4-7, anti-grass entanglement device; 4-8, fertilizer ditching device, 5, wind speed detection sensor, 6, ECU, 7, signal transmission line, 8, touch panel, 9, power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1-3As shown, the pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharge system for a sowing synchronous fertilizer spreader disclosed in the present invention is installed on the sowing synchronous fertilizer spreader, and the sowing synchronous fertilizer spreader includes a pneumatic sowing unit 1 for sowing, a pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharge system 2 for discharging fertilizer, a frame 3 for supporting the stable operation of the entire system, and a fertilizer discharging ditching unit 4 for digging trenches to ensure the fertilization operation. The pneumatic sowing unit 1 and the fertilizer discharging ditching unit 4 are paired and symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame 3. The pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharge system 2 is installed above the frame 3. The pneumatic collecting and discharging spiral fertilizer discharge system 2 includes a spiral conveying pipe 2-1, a fertilizer delivery hose 2-2, a pneumatic distributor 2-3, a fertilizer discharge wheel 2-5, a fertilizer box 2-7, a stepping motor 2-9, an air-fertilizer mixing device 2-10 and a speed-regulating fan 2-11, the fertilizer wheel 2-5 is installed between the fertilizer box 2-7 and the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10, the stepping motor 2-9 is connected to the fertilizer wheel 2-5, and provides a power source for the fertilizer wheel 2-5. The speed-regulating fan 2-11 is located on one side of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10 and is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10. The lower end of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10, and the upper end is connected to the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor 2-3. The outlet of the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor 2-3 is n (n>1, and is an integer), and each outlet is respectively connected to one end of the fertilizer delivery hose 2-2. The spiral conveying pipe 2-1 is arranged vertically, and the inner wall of the pipe is designed with a threaded rotating protrusion.

[0043] The pneumatic seeding unit 1 includes a rectangular fixing plate 1-2, a connecting bolt 1-3, a seeding furrow opener 1-4, a seeding device 1-5, a soil cover 1-6, a pressing wheel 1-7, a pressing adjustment mechanism 1-8, a side plate 1-9, a seed box 1-10, a parallelogram adjustment mechanism 1-11, a U-shaped fixing plate 1-12, and a spring adjustment mechanism 1-13.

[0044] The entire fertilizer spreader is fixed to the suspension frame on the tractor through a rectangular fixing plate 1-2, and the U-shaped fixing plate 1-12 is fixed to the frame 3 of the fertilizer spreader through connecting bolts, providing stable support for the entire pneumatic seeding unit 1. The spring adjustment mechanism 1-13 is fixed on the U-shaped fixing plate 1-12, which is used to adjust and buffer the vibration during the sowing process to ensure the accuracy and stability of sowing. The side plate 1-9 serves as the main supporting structure of the pneumatic seeding unit 1, and is connected to the seed box 1-10 at the upper part, the seeding device 1-5, the soil cover 1-6, and the sowing furrow opener 1-4 at the lower part, and the suppression adjustment mechanism 1-8 at the front side. The two ends of the parallelogram adjustment mechanism 1-11 are respectively connected to the U-shaped fixing plate 1-12 and the side plate 1-9, so as to realize the up and down and front and back adjustment of the sowing unit to adapt to different sowing depths and row spacing requirements.

[0045] The seeding process is as follows:

[0046] The sowing furrow opener 1-4 first opens a seed furrow in the soil to prepare for sowing, and then the seed discharge device 1-5 pneumatically discharges the seeds to be sown stored in the seed box 1-10 evenly from the seed box 1-10 and transports them to the sowing furrow opener 1-4 through the seed transport pipe. After the seeds are placed in the seed furrow, the soil coverer 1-6 covers the seeds with soil to ensure the germination and growth of the seeds.

[0047] The pressing wheel 1-7 is fixed to the pressing adjustment mechanism 1-8 and is used to compact the soil covering the seeds, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the soil, which is conducive to seed germination. At the same time, the pressing adjustment mechanism 1-8 can adjust the pressure and position of the pressing wheel 1-7 to adapt to different soil conditions and sowing requirements.

[0048] The fertilizer ditching unit 4 includes a fertilizer pipe 4-1, a U-shaped bolt 4-2, a column 4-3, a fixed bracket 4-4, an L-shaped plate 4-5, a bolt 4-6, an anti-grass entanglement device 4-7, and a fertilizer ditching device 4-8. The fertilizer ditching device 4-8 is located at the lower front of the fertilizer ditching unit. The fertilizer pipe 4-1 is welded to the fertilizer ditching device 4-8 and connected to the lower end of the fertilizer hose 2-2 for transporting fertilizer. The number of the fertilizer hoses 2-2 is consistent with the number of fertilizer pipes 4-1 of the fertilizer ditching unit 4, and they are installed one by one. The specific number is installed by the user according to needs. The anti-grass entanglement device 4-7 is fixed to the column 4-3 and the fertilizer ditching device 4-8 above by the L-shaped plate 4-5 and the bolt 4-6. The column 4-3 is connected to the frame 3 by the fixed bracket 4-4 and the U-shaped bolt 4-2.

[0049] like Figure 3As shown by the black arrow in the figure, fertilizer is quantitatively discharged from the fertilizer box 2-7 by the fertilizer wheel 2-5, and enters the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10 under the action of its own gravity and pressure difference. The speed-regulating fan 2-11 generates a high-speed airflow, and the high-speed airflow enters the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10. The gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10 is designed as a Venturi structure, which fully mixes the high-speed airflow and fertilizer particles to form a uniform gas-fertilizer mixed flow. The gas-fertilizer mixed flow enters the spiral conveying pipe 2-1. Under the combined action of the guidance, friction and fertilizer contact avoidance reflection of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, a high-speed rotating gas-fertilizer mixed flow is formed. The pneumatic distributor 2-3 evenly distributes the high-speed rotating gas-fertilizer mixed flow to each outlet through multiple fertilizer hoses 2-2, and then quickly and smoothly transports it to the fertilizer furrow opener 4-8 through the fertilizer discharge pipe 4-1 of each row of fertilizer discharge furrowing units 4. The fertilizer is discharged in the opened groove, and a spiral conveying pipe 2-1 is installed between the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device 2-10 and the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor 2-3. The turbulence can be performed before the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow enters the pneumatic distributor 2-3 to prevent the fertilizer particles from gathering or clogging in the pipe, thereby ensuring that the fertilizer particles can enter the pneumatic distributor 2-3 evenly and smoothly, promoting the uniform distribution of the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow. The three-dimensional curve formed by the spiral convex design of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 combines the characteristics of linear motion and rotational motion, so that the gas-fertilizer mixture rotates and rises along the spiral track, which helps to mix the gas-fertilizer two-phase flow more evenly, thereby reducing the influence of the uniformity of fertilization in each row and the consistency of fertilizer discharge in each row caused by the undulation of the ground, vibration and deflection of the machine during travel in the prior art, improving the reliability and stability of the fertilizer discharge system, and ensuring that crops are evenly and accurately supplied with fertilizer.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 includes a length L1, a pipe diameter D, a pitch P, spiral cross-section slope angles α and β, and a minor arc R. The spiral cross-section slope angles α and β are the upper and lower angles between the vertical inner wall of the spiral cross-section and the two adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion, respectively. The minor arc R is a circular arc segment that is tangent to both adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion. The minor arc R is designed as a circular arc segment to connect the spiral and the inner wall of the pipe. This ensures a smooth transition of the gas-fertilizer mixture to the pneumatic distributor 2-3 during transportation, significantly reducing the resistance of the gas-fertilizer mixture during transportation in the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 and improving transportation efficiency.

[0051] like Figure 5 The fertilizer granules shown are Figure 4 The force and motion diagram in the figure is as follows: R is the aerodynamic thrust, N; T f is the wall resistance, N; ΔS is the length of the selected spiral tube, mm; θ1 is the helical angle; Vf is the speed of fertilizer particles, m / s; V q is the air flow velocity in the spiral tube, m / s. The suspended fertilizer particle group i in the ΔS section of the spiral conveying tube 2-1 is taken as the research object. The aerodynamic thrust F R The calculation formula is

[0052]

[0053] Where C d is the flow resistance coefficient; A1 is the flow area of ​​the fertilizer particle group, m 2 ; ρ is the air density, kg / m 2 ; The wall resistance T of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 f The calculation formula is

[0054]

[0055] Where λ1 is the drag coefficient, ρ n is the density of the suspended fertilizer particles, kg / m 3 ; D1 is the diameter of the spiral tube, m; A2 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the spiral tube, m 2 ;

[0056] When the fertilizer particles move in the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, according to Newton's second law, the aerodynamic thrust F R , pipe wall resistance T f and the gravity of the fertilizer particles G f The equilibrium equation between

[0057]

[0058] The differential equation for the motion of fertilizer particles is:

[0059]

[0060] From formula (4), it can be seen that the important factors affecting the movement and distribution of fertilizer particles in the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 include the conveying air flow velocity, the spiral pipe diameter and the fertilizer particle velocity.

[0061] The shape and structural parameters of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1 are important factors that affect the consistency of the displacement of each row. When designing the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, its mechanical structure should be able to meet the requirements of reducing the retention, vortex and sharp contraction of the gas-fertilizer mixture when it flows inside, so as to reduce the pressure loss in the pipe, save energy, and reduce the coefficient of variation of the consistency of the displacement of each row. When the gas-fertilizer mixture passes through the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, the spiral structure disturbs the fluid, changes the flow direction of the fluid, causes uneven fluid flow and generates additional energy loss, affects the distribution of the flow field and the distribution of fertilizer particles. In order to determine the pressure loss in the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, the calculation formula is used:

[0062]

[0063] Where ΔP is the pressure loss through the spiral tube, pa; λ s is the friction strength of the inner wall of the spiral tube; ρ s is the density of the fluid, kg / m 3 ; L1 is the length of the spiral tube; υ s is the velocity of the fluid, m / s; D1 is the diameter of the spiral tube, m.

[0064] It can be seen from formula (5) that the geometric shape of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1, the roughness of the inner wall of the pipe, the properties of the fluid and the speed of the fluid flow are the main factors affecting the fluid pressure loss of the spiral conveying pipe 2-1.

[0065] The spiral tube length, cross-sectional slope angle, airflow velocity, and pitch determine the structure of the spiral conveying tube 2-1 and influence the uniformity of fertilizer discharge in the pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system. Through theoretical analysis of the forces and motion patterns of fertilizer particles in the spiral conveying tube 2-1, the particle force model and fluid motion model were determined. Using the coefficient of variation of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume in each row as the experimental indicator, single-factor experiments and simulation tests determined that the optimal ranges for the key structural parameters of the spiral conveying tube 2-1 are: a length L1 of 350 to 450 mm, spiral cross-sectional slope angles α and β of 20° to 29°, an airflow velocity in the tube of 30 to 40 m / s, and a pitch P of 90 to 105 mm.

[0066] The fertilizer discharging system further includes a stepper motor driver, which is a motor speed regulator 2-8. The motor speed regulator 2-8 is installed between the stepper motor 2-9 and the fertilizer discharging wheel 2-5 and is used to control the stepper motor 2-9, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharging wheel 2-5. In this way, it is possible to selectively apply quantitative fertilizer to multiple rows of crops according to different fertilizers, with the advantages of simple structure and high reliability.

[0067] The fertilizer discharge system also includes an ECU control system, which includes an ECU6, a power supply 9, a wind speed controller 10, a touch panel 8, a fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor, an ultrasonic sensor 2-7-1 and an infrared photoelectric sensor 2-7-2 for real-time monitoring of the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7, a height detection sensor installed on a suspension frame for hanging the fertilizer spreader on a tractor, a wind speed detection sensor 5 installed at the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer discharge pipe 4-1 for monitoring the wind speed at the fertilizer discharge port, and an alarm for warning of fertilizer blockage and fertilizer shortage. A fertilizer box cover 2-6 is provided at the upper end of the fertilizer box 2-7, the ultrasonic sensor 2-7-1 is installed on the fertilizer box cover 2-6, and the infrared photoelectric sensor 2-7-2 is installed on the inner wall of the lower end of the fertilizer box 2-7 and is located above the bottom of the fertilizer box 2-7 for real-time monitoring of the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7.

[0068] A pneumatic distributor cover 2-4 is provided at the upper end of the pneumatic distributor 2-3 to ensure the working pressure in the pneumatic distributor 2-3.

[0069] The present invention also discloses a control method for the above-mentioned pneumatic collection and discharge type spiral fertilizer discharge system, such as Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown, Figure 7 This is the control diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system. Figure 8 This is the flow chart of the control method of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system. Figure 9 This is a simplified diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system. The specific control steps are as follows:

[0070] S1 turns on the power, the ECU control system is powered on, the control system is initialized, and then enters S2;

[0071] S2 presets the values ​​on the touch panel 8, sets the parameters such as the amount of fertilizer per mu, the speed of the fertilizer wheel, the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the wind speed of the speed-regulating fans 2-11, and then enters S3;

[0072] S3 operates the touch panel 8 to send a start signal to the fan controller 10 of the speed-regulating fan 2-11, and the speed-regulating fan 2-11 starts, and then enters S4;

[0073] S4 starts the speed regulating fan 2-11 for 5 seconds, and the stepper motor driver drives the stepper motor 2-9 to start, and the fertilizer wheel 2-5 starts to rotate, and then enters S5;

[0074] In S5, the fertilizer spreader moves forward, and at the same time, the forward speed detection sensor of the fertilizer spreader detects the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader in real time. If the speed changes, the forward speed detection sensor of the fertilizer spreader immediately sends a signal. After receiving the signal, the ECU performs calculations and converts the calculation results into electrical signals through the signal transmission line 7, which are sent to the stepper motor driver. The stepper motor driver adjusts the speed of the stepper motor 2-9 through the motor speed regulator 2-8 according to the speed adjustment instruction, thereby adjusting the speed of the fertilizer wheel 2-5, and then adjusting the fertilizer discharge amount and entering S6. If there is no change, it directly enters S6;

[0075] S6 uses an infrared photoelectric sensor to detect the amount of remaining fertilizer in fertilizer box 2-7 in real time. If the infrared light is blocked by the fertilizer, it is determined that there is sufficient fertilizer in fertilizer box 2-7, and the infrared photoelectric sensor does not issue an alarm signal, then enters S7. If the remaining fertilizer in fertilizer box 2-7 is lower than the installation position of the infrared photoelectric sensor, the infrared light is no longer blocked by the fertilizer, the infrared photoelectric sensor sends a signal, the ECU receives the signal feedback from the infrared photoelectric sensor, and sends a fertilizer shortage alarm signal through the alarm, then enters S10; when the operator sees the alarm signal, there is still a small amount of remaining fertilizer in fertilizer box 2-7, which provides the operator with buffer time for adding fertilizer. Fertilizer can be replenished in time without affecting the current operation, avoiding operation interruption caused by sudden depletion of fertilizer.

[0076] S7 detects the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7 in real time through an ultrasonic sensor installed on the top of the fertilizer box 2-7. If the amount of fertilizer is higher than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor does not send an alarm signal, and the process enters S8. If the amount of fertilizer is lower than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor sends a feedback signal. After the ECU receives the feedback signal from the ultrasonic sensor and sends an alarm signal through the alarm, the process enters S10.

[0077] S8 monitors the wind speed change in real time through the wind speed detection sensor 5 installed at the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer discharge pipe 4-1, and converts it into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the ECU control system through the signal transmission line 7. The ECU control system analyzes and processes the signal after receiving it. If the wind speed changes, it confirms whether the fertilizer discharge port is blocked. If so, it enters S10, if not, it enters S10; S10 monitors the distance between the suspension frame and the ground in real time through the height detection sensor installed on the suspension frame that suspends the fertilizer spreader on the tractor. Let L represent the actual distance between the suspension frame and the ground detected by the height detection sensor, and L0 represent the distance between the suspension frame and the ground when the fertilizer spreader performs normal straight-line fertilization operation. If L>L0, the fertilizer spreader is lifted and performs a field turning operation, and enters S10 at the same time. If L≤L0, the fertilizer spreader continues to perform straight-line fertilization operation, and enters S5;

[0078] The S10 stepper motor driver controls the stepper motor 2-9 to stop, the fertilizer wheel 2-5 stops rotating, and after a delay of 5 seconds, the speed regulating fan 2-11 is turned off, the ECU control system ends its operation, and the fertilizer spreader stops operating.

[0079] The control system measures the number of ground wheel rotations through a Hall-type wheel speed sensor and calculates the real-time forward speed of the fertilizer spreader based on the slip coefficient.

[0080]

[0081] Where, γ is the ground wheel slip coefficient; S t is the distance traveled by the ground wheel during one rotation, m; C l is the circumference of the ground wheel, m.

[0082]

[0083] Where V t is the actual forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, m / s; N d The actual number of revolutions of the ground wheel.

[0084] According to the preset fertilization parameters and the real-time forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, the ECU control system calculates the current required amount of fertilizer. The stepper motor 2-9 driver that controls the speed of the fertilizer wheel receives the signal and adjusts the speed of the stepper motor 2-9, thereby adjusting the amount of fertilizer and achieving precise fertilization.

[0085] This control system installs an ultrasonic sensor on the top of the fertilizer box 2-7 to detect the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7. When the amount of fertilizer is lower than the set value, the ECU control system will generate an alarm signal to remind the operator to add fertilizer in time to avoid fertilizer shortage, fertilizer omission, etc. The principle of real-time monitoring of the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7 and the fertilizer shortage alarm function is as follows Figure 6 The calculation principle of the position and volume of the remaining fertilizer in fertilizer boxes 2-7 is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Where V surplus is the position of the remaining fertilizer in fertilizer bins 2-7; h is the height of the fertilizer position measured by the ultrasonic sensor, m; h1 is the spatial height of area 1, m; ΔV1 is the volume of the remaining fertilizer in area 1, m 3 ; V1 is the total volume of fertilizer in area 1, m 3 ; h2 is the spatial height of area 2, m; ΔV2 is the volume of the remaining fertilizer in area 2, m 3 ; V2 is the total volume of fertilizer in area 2, m 3 ; h3 is the spatial height of area 3, m; ΔV3 is the volume of the remaining fertilizer in area 3, m3 ; V3 is the total volume of fertilizer in area 3, m 3 ; h4 is the spatial height of area 4, m; ΔV4 is the volume of the remaining fertilizer in area 4, m 3 ; V4 is the total volume of fertilizer in area 4, m 3 ; h5 is the spatial height of area 5, m; ΔV5 is the volume of the remaining fertilizer in area 5, m 3 ; V5 is the total volume of fertilizer in area 5, m 3 .

[0088] The installation position of infrared photoelectric sensor is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, when there is sufficient fertilizer in fertilizer bin 2-7, the infrared light is blocked by the fertilizer, and the sensor does not issue an alarm signal. When the remaining fertilizer in fertilizer bin 2-7 falls below the sensor installation position (h ≥ h4), the infrared light is no longer blocked by the fertilizer, and the sensor detects this change and issues a signal. The ECU control system receives the feedback signal from the infrared photoelectric sensor and immediately issues a fertilizer shortage alarm signal. At this time, there is still a small amount of fertilizer remaining in fertilizer bin 2-7, providing the operator with a buffer time to add fertilizer. Fertilizer can be replenished in a timely manner without affecting the current operation, avoiding work interruptions caused by sudden fertilizer depletion.

[0089] The fertilizer spreader is connected to the tractor's three-point suspension system via a suspension mount. This system provides a stable connection and allows the spreader to maintain the proper working position and depth while the tractor is moving. When the tractor approaches the edge of the field and prepares to turn, the hydraulic control system receives a corresponding signal and adjusts the suspension mount height according to a pre-set program. To monitor the spreader's status in real time, the system is equipped with multiple height sensors to monitor the suspension mount height. These sensors accurately measure the distance between the suspension mount and the ground, thereby determining whether the spreader is lifted. If the height sensors detect that the spreader is lifted, the ECU immediately signals the stepper motor 2-9 to stop rotation, thereby stopping the fertilizer discharge wheel 2-5 and stopping fertilizer discharge. This prevents fertilizer from being applied while the spreader is lifted, which could result in fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. When the tractor completes the turn and returns to straight-line driving, the hydraulic control system adjusts the suspension mount height again, returning the spreader to the proper working position. At this time, the height sensor converts the detected change into a signal and sends it to the ECU control system, so that the fertilizing stepper motor 2-9 is restarted, the fertilizer wheel 2-5 is put into operation again, and the fertilizing operation is continued.

[0090] The wind speed detection sensor 5 installed at the fertilizer discharge port of each fertilizer discharge pipe can directly monitor the wind speed changes at that location. The wind speed detection sensor 5 continuously monitors the wind speed at the fertilizer discharge port. During normal fertilization, the wind speed will remain in a relatively stable range. When a fertilizer discharge pipe 4-1 is blocked, the flow of fertilizer is blocked, causing the wind speed at the fertilizer discharge port to change. This change may be a sudden decrease or disappearance of the wind speed because the blockage prevents the normal passage of the airflow. The wind speed detection sensor 5 monitors the wind speed change and converts it into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the ECU6 of the ECU control system through the signal transmission line 7. After receiving the signal, ECU6 analyzes and processes it. If it is confirmed that the wind speed change is caused by blockage, the ECU control system will immediately send an alarm signal to remind the operator to take timely measures. The schematic diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system is shown in the figure. Figure 7 As shown, the simple diagram of the fertilizer discharge ECU control system is as follows Figure 9 shown.

[0091] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0092] 1. This application designs a combination of a spiral conveying pipe 2-1 and a speed-adjustable fan 2-11. The optimized design of parameters such as the spiral pipe length, cross-sectional slope angle, internal airflow velocity, and pitch of the spiral conveying pipe improves the fertilizer discharge uniformity of the pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer discharge system;

[0093] 2. This application designs a fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor, a wind speed detection sensor 5, and a height detection sensor that are combined and applied to the fertilizer discharge system. The ECU control system can adjust the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharge wheels 2-5 in real time according to the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, ensuring that the actual fertilizer discharge amount per mu of land and the theoretical fertilizer discharge amount are always kept within a certain error range. The wind speed detection sensor 5 can sense whether the fertilizer discharge port is blocked. If blocked, it will promptly issue an alarm so that the operator can deal with it in time to affect the operation process. The height detection sensor can sense whether the fertilizer spreader is turning at the end of the field and promptly stop the ineffective operation of the fertilizer discharge wheels 2-5 and the fertilization operation, thereby improving the efficiency of the fertilizer spreader operation.

[0094] 3. This application designs infrared photoelectric sensors and ultrasonic sensors in the fertilizer box 2-7 to monitor the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer box 2-7 in real time. When there is a shortage of fertilizer, an alarm signal is issued so that the operator can replenish the fertilizer in time, thus avoiding operation interruption caused by exhaustion of fertilizer, improving the operation efficiency of the fertilizer spreader and saving operation time.

[0095] In summary, the pneumatic spiral fertilizer discharge system and application control method of the sowing and synchronous fertilizer spreader disclosed in the present invention can carry out sowing and fertilizing at the same time, can monitor the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader in real time, can adjust the speed of the fertilizer discharge wheel in real time according to the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader to control the amount of fertilizer applied, can also monitor the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer boxes 2-7 in real time and the fertilizer shortage alarm function, and can stop fertilizing when the field turns and alarm when the fertilizer is blocked. It has strong practicality and broad application prospects.

[0096] It should be noted that the above content merely illustrates the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications all fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system for a sowing and synchronous fertilizer applicator, wherein the pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system is installed on the sowing and synchronous fertilizer applicator, and the sowing and synchronous fertilizer applicator further comprises a pneumatic sowing unit (1) for sowing, a frame (3) for supporting the stable operation of the entire system, and a fertilizer discharge ditching unit (4) for digging furrows to ensure the fertilization operation is carried out, characterized in that: The pneumatic seeding unit (1) and the fertilizer discharge and furrowing unit (4) are paired and symmetrically installed on both sides of the frame (3). The pneumatic collection and discharge type spiral fertilizer discharge system (2) is installed above the frame (3). The pneumatic collection and discharge type spiral fertilizer discharge system (2) includes a spiral conveying pipe (2-1), a fertilizer delivery hose (2-2), a pneumatic distributor (2-3), a fertilizer discharge wheel (2-5), a fertilizer box (2-7), a stepper motor (2-9), an air-fertilizer mixing device (2-10) and a speed-regulating fan (2-11). The fertilizer discharge wheel (2-5) is installed between the fertilizer box (2-7) and the air-fertilizer mixing device (2-10). The stepper motor (2-9) is connected to the fertilizer discharge wheel (2-5) to provide a plurality of fertilizer discharge wheels (2-11). -5) provides a power source, the speed-regulating fan (2-11) is located on one side of the gas-fertilizer mixing device (2-10) and is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device (2-10), the lower end of the spiral conveying pipe (2-1) is connected to the mixing chamber of the gas-fertilizer mixing device (2-10), and the upper end is connected to the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor (2-3), the mixing chamber of the pneumatic distributor (2-3) has n outlets (n>1, and is an integer), and each outlet is connected to one end of the fertilizer delivery hose (2-2), the spiral conveying pipe (2-1) is arranged vertically, and the inner wall of the pipe is designed with a threaded rotary protrusion, and the number of the fertilizer discharge ditching units (4) is consistent with the number of the fertilizer delivery hose (2-2).

2. The pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spiral conveying pipe (2-1) comprises a length L1, a pipe diameter D, a pitch P, spiral cross-section slope angles α, β and a minor arc R. The spiral cross-section slope angles α, β are respectively the upper and lower angles between the vertical pipe inner wall of the spiral cross-section and the two adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion. The minor arc R is an arc curve segment of a circle that is tangent to the two adjacent oblique sides of the spiral protrusion.

3. The pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The length L1 of the spiral conveying pipe (2-1) is 350-450 mm, the spiral cross-sectional slope angles α and β are 20°-29°, the air flow velocity in the pipe is 30-40 m / s, and the pitch P is 90-105 mm.

4. The pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fertilizer discharge system further comprises a stepper motor driver, which is a motor speed regulator (2-8). The motor speed regulator (2-8) is installed between the stepper motor (2-9) and the fertilizer discharge wheel (2-5) and is used to control the stepper motor (2-9) and thus control the rotation speed of the fertilizer discharge wheel (2-5).

5. The pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fertilizer discharging system further comprises an ECU control system, which comprises an ECU (6), a power supply (9), a wind speed controller (10), a touch panel (8), a fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor, an ultrasonic sensor (2-7-1) and an infrared photoelectric sensor (2-7-2) for real-time monitoring of the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box (2-7), a height detection sensor installed on a suspension frame for suspending the fertilizer spreader on a tractor, and a fertilizer discharge port sensor installed at a fertilizer discharge pipe (4-1). A wind speed detection sensor (5) for monitoring the wind speed at the fertilizer discharge port and an alarm for warning of fertilizer blockage and fertilizer shortage are provided. The upper end of the fertilizer box (2-7) is provided with a fertilizer box cover (2-6). The ultrasonic sensor (2-7-1) is installed on the fertilizer box cover (2-6). The infrared photoelectric sensor (2-7-2) is installed on the inner wall of the lower end of the fertilizer box (2-7) and is located above the bottom of the fertilizer box (2-7) for real-time monitoring of the position and amount of remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box (2-7).

6. The pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The fertilizer discharge ditching unit (4) comprises a fertilizer discharge pipe (4-1), the other end of the fertilizer delivery hose (2-2) is connected to the fertilizer discharge pipe (4-1), and the upper end of the pneumatic distributor (2-3) is provided with a pneumatic distributor cover (2-4).

7. A control method for a pneumatic collection and discharge spiral fertilizer system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The control method steps are as follows: S1: Turn on the power supply (9), the ECU control system is powered on, initialized, and enters S2; S2: After setting the parameters such as the amount of fertilizer discharged per mu, the speed of the fertilizer wheel, the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the wind speed of the speed-regulating fan (2-11) on the touch panel (8), enter S3; S3: By operating the touch panel (8), a start signal is sent to the fan controller (10) of the speed-regulating fan (2-11), and the speed-regulating fan (2-11) is started, and the process proceeds to S4; S4: After starting the speed regulating fan (2-11) for 5 seconds, the stepper motor driver drives the stepper motor (2-9) to start, and the fertilizer wheel (2-5) starts to rotate, and enters S5; S5: The fertilizer spreader moves forward, and at the same time, the fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor detects the forward speed of the fertilizer spreader in real time. If the speed changes, the fertilizer spreader forward speed detection sensor immediately sends a signal. After receiving the signal, the ECU performs calculations and converts the calculation results into electrical signals through the signal transmission line (7) and sends them to the stepper motor driver. The stepper motor driver adjusts the speed of the stepper motor (2-9) through the motor speed regulator (2-8) according to the speed adjustment instruction, thereby adjusting the speed of the fertilizer wheel (2-5), and then adjusting the fertilizer discharge amount and entering S6. If there is no change, it directly enters S6; S6: Detect the amount of fertilizer remaining in the fertilizer box (2-7) in real time through the infrared photoelectric sensor. If the infrared light is blocked by the fertilizer, it is determined that the fertilizer in the fertilizer box (2-7) is sufficient, and the infrared photoelectric sensor does not send an alarm signal, then enter S7. If the amount of fertilizer remaining in the fertilizer box (2-7) is lower than the installation position of the infrared photoelectric sensor, the infrared light is no longer blocked by the fertilizer, the infrared photoelectric sensor sends a signal, the ECU receives the signal fed back by the infrared photoelectric sensor, and sends a fertilizer shortage alarm signal through the alarm, then enter S10; S7: The ultrasonic sensor installed on the top of the fertilizer box (2-7) detects the position and amount of the remaining fertilizer in the fertilizer box (2-7) in real time. If the amount of fertilizer is higher than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor does not send an alarm signal, and the process proceeds to S8. If the amount of fertilizer is lower than the set value, the ultrasonic sensor sends a feedback signal. The ECU receives the signal fed back by the ultrasonic sensor, sends an alarm signal through the alarm, and then proceeds to S10. S8: The wind speed detection sensor (5) installed at the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer discharge pipe (4-1) monitors the wind speed change in real time, converts the wind speed change into an electrical signal and feeds it back to the ECU control system through the signal transmission line (7). The ECU control system analyzes and processes the signal after receiving it. If the wind speed changes, it confirms whether the fertilizer discharge port is blocked. If so, it enters S10; if not, it enters S9; S9: Using a height detection sensor installed on the suspension frame that suspends the fertilizer spreader on the tractor, the distance between the suspension frame and the ground is monitored in real time. Let L represent the actual distance between the suspension frame and the ground detected by the height detection sensor, and L0 represent the distance between the suspension frame and the ground when the fertilizer spreader performs normal straight-line fertilization operation. If L>L0, the fertilizer spreader is lifted, and a field turning operation is performed, and the process enters S10. If L≤L0, the fertilizer spreader continues to perform straight-line fertilization operation, and the process enters S5. S10: The stepper motor driver controls the stepper motor (2-9) to stop, the fertilizer wheel (2-5) stops rotating, and after a delay of 5 seconds, the speed regulating fan (2-11) is turned off, the ECU control system ends operation, and the fertilizer spreader stops operating.

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