Selenium-rich aster katsumadai and culture method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-selenium-content aster katsumadai and a culture method thereof. The culture method comprises the following steps: culturing seedlings of aster katsumadai, after culturing for 15 days, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution or a selenium-containing fertilizer, then regularly supplementing and applying the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer until harvesting, and after applying the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer for the first time, spraying a selenium absorption accelerant every 7-10 days until harvesting. The selenium absorption enhancer is a proper amount of zeatin or abscisic acid or spermidine. According to the method, in the cultivation process, by adding a proper amount of compound selenium and strictly limiting the concentration of selenium, a high-selenium-enriched aster katsumadai plant can be obtained, the edible value of the aster katsumadai plant can be greatly increased, in addition, by adding a proper amount of zeatin, abscisic acid and spermidine in the cultivation process, the selenium content of the root of the aster katsumadai can be greatly increased, and the yield of the aster katsumadai can be increased. The nutritional value and the medicinal value are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Selenium (Se) is one of the important trace elements necessary for the growth of humans, animals and plants. It plays a positive role in promoting plant development and growth, enhancing stress resistance, resisting diseases and regulating the quality of agricultural products. Appropriate Se can remove free radicals in organisms and has beneficial physiological effects on humans and animals, such as anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-aging and enhancing immunity. However, excessive Se can have negative effects on organisms, and excessive Se supplementation can cause hazards such as Se poisoning. Studies have found that inorganic Se is highly toxic and not easily absorbed and utilized by humans and animals. Organic Se, as an important source of Se, can be efficiently utilized by organisms and plays an important role in the life activities of humans and animals. Plants, as an important organism, can absorb inorganic Se and assimilate it into organic Se. Se in the form of organic Se mainly includes macromolecular Se and small molecular Se compounds in the form of selenoamino acids and their derivatives. These plant-active organic Se can be used as an effective Se source for humans and animals. Therefore, selenium-rich plants with large biomass, easy reproduction and fast growth rate are an important way to supplement Se for animals and can be used as a safe and effective source of dietary organic Se. Further screening of Se-rich plants is of great significance to humans.

[0003] In recent years, the Se-enriching and hyper-enriching plants that have been studied more include Astragalus, Cardamine Huping, Cardamine Violeaf, Dipsacus asper and Desert King Feather. Aster subulatus Michx., also known as scissors vegetable, white chrysanthemum, Bupleurum, Jiulong arrow, and Aster subulatus, is a species of Aster in the Asteraceae family. It grows in moist and salty Gui soil and other places. Thanks to the unique tropical and subtropical climate conditions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Aster subulatus can grow and reproduce all year round and is widely distributed throughout Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The whole plant of Aster subulatus can be used as medicine. It is cool in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, and has the effects of cooling blood, stopping bleeding, clearing heat and detoxifying. It is mainly used to treat carbuncle and eczema; the tender seedlings, stems and leaves of Aster subulatus can be eaten as wild vegetables. It is rich in nutrition and is a wild vegetable with great development prospects. The inventor has found in previous studies that Aster tatarica is widely distributed, easy to survive, grows rapidly, has stable physiological traits, relies on seed reproduction, has a large seed volume, and has a large biomass. However, there are few reports on the growth changes of Aster tatarica under the action of Se and the Se enrichment and transportation characteristics, especially lacking research on Se absorption and enrichment characteristics and transportation characteristics under laboratory control conditions. Different plants have different selenium enrichment sites and different selenium enrichment rules. It is still unclear how to concentrate organic selenium in the roots of Aster tatarica to obtain highly selenium-enriched Aster tatarica and improve the nutritional value and medicinal value of Aster tatarica. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to study a nutrient solution and a culture method for highly selenium-enriched Aster tatarica. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention overcomes the technical problem that it is difficult to obtain Aster tatarica with high Se enrichment in the prior art, and provides Aster tatarica with high selenium enrichment and a cultivation method thereof.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying selenium-containing nutrient solution or selenium-containing fertilizer after 15 days of cultivation, and then regularly supplementing and applying the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer until harvesting.

[0007] Furthermore, after the first application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer, a selenium absorption promoter is sprayed every 7 to 10 days until harvest; the selenium absorption promoter is 0.5 mg / L zeatin or 0.5 mg / L to 1.0 mg / L abscisic acid or 50 mg / L spermidine.

[0008] Furthermore, the selenium-containing nutrient solution consists of the following ingredients:

[0009] KNO 3 2.0~4.0mmol / L;

[0010] Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5-1 mmol / L;

[0011] MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.2-0.5 mmol / L;

[0012] KH 2 PO 4 0.01~0.1mmol / L;

[0013] H 3 BO 3 10~12μmol / L;

[0014] MnC1 2 ·4H 2 O 2.0-5 μmol / L;

[0015] ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.3-0.5 μmol / L;

[0016] CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.20-0.40 μmmol / L;

[0017] (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 0.1~0.2μmmol / L;

[0018] Fe-EDTA 20~40μmmol / L;

[0019] Selenium: Sodium selenite 10-20 mg / L.

[0020] Furthermore, the selenium element is 10 mg / L of sodium selenite.

[0021] Furthermore, the selenium-containing nutrient solution needs to be adjusted to a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 using 0.1 mol / L NaOH or 0.1 mol / L HCl before use.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to protect the high-selenium-enriched Aster tataricus cultivated by the above-mentioned method for cultivating the high-selenium-enriched Aster tataricus.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention uses different forms of selenium to conduct multiple studies and finds that different compounds of selenium have significant different effects on Aster tatarica. The present invention adds 10 mg / L to 20 mg / L of sodium selenite to the existing nutrient solution formula, which is not only beneficial to increasing the plant height of Aster tatarica, but also beneficial to increasing the total fresh weight and aboveground fresh weight of Aster tatarica. After testing the selenium content in different parts, it was found that the inorganic Se and organic Se contents in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tatarica added with 10 mg / L to 20 mg / L of sodium selenite were higher than those of sodium selenate and other concentrations of sodium selenite. In particular, when the addition amount of sodium selenite is 10 mg / L, the stems and leaves of Aster tatarica obtained have the highest selenium-enriched content and the best selenium-enriched quality.

[0025] (2) The present invention found in a selenium-enriched culture study without adding a selenium absorption enhancer that the Se contents in the roots and leaves of Aster tataricus were 150.02 mg / kg and 124.06 mg / kg, respectively, meeting the standard for selenium-enriched plants and indicating that the plant is a selenium-enriched plant (the standard range of Se content in Se-enriched plants is 100 mg / kg-1000 mg / kg).

[0026] (3) The present invention adds appropriate amounts of zeatin, spermidine and abscisic acid to the nutrient solution during the cultivation of Aster tatarica, which can not only greatly increase the selenium content in the roots of Aster tatarica, but also greatly improve the growth and yield of Aster tatarica, and greatly improve the medicinal value and nutritional value of Aster tatarica. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1The effect of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on the plant height of Aster tataricus;

[0028] Figure 2 The effect of different concentrations of sodium selenite on the fresh weight of Aster tataricus.

[0029] Figure 3 This is the effect of different concentrations of sodium selenate on the fresh weight of Aster tataricus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with examples and tests.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after 15 days of cultivation, and then regularly supplementing and applying the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvest. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is composed of the following components:

[0033] KNO 3 4.0mmol / L;

[0034] Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 1mmol / L;

[0035] MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.5mmol / L;

[0036] KH 2 PO 4 0.1mmol / L;

[0037] H 3 BO 3 12μmol / L;

[0038] MnC1 2 ·4H 2 O 5 μmol / L;

[0039] ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.5 μmol / L;

[0040] CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.40 μmmol / L;

[0041] (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 0.2 μmmol / L;

[0042] Fe-EDTA 40 μmmol / L;

[0043] Selenium: Sodium selenite 20 mg / L.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after 15 days of cultivation, and then regularly supplementing the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvesting. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is composed of the following components:

[0046] KNO 3 2.0mmol / L;

[0047] Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 0.5mmol / L;

[0048] MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.2mmol / L;

[0049] KH 2 PO 4 0.01mmol / L;

[0050] H 3 BO 3 10μmol / L;

[0051] MnC1 2 ·4H 2 O 2.0 μmol / L;

[0052] ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.3 μmol / L;

[0053] CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.20 μmmol / L;

[0054] (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 0.1 μmmol / L;

[0055] Fe-EDTA 20 μmmol / L;

[0056] Selenium: Sodium selenite 10 mg / L.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after 15 days of cultivation, and then regularly supplementing the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvesting. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is composed of the following components:

[0059] KNO 3 3.0mmol / L;

[0060] Ca(N0 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 0.8mmol / L;

[0061] MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.4mmol / L;

[0062] KH 2 PO 4 0.05mmol / L;

[0063] H 3 BO 3 11μmol / L;

[0064] MnC1 2 ·4H 2 O 4 μmol / L;

[0065] ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.4 μmol / L;

[0066] CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.30 μmmol / L;

[0067] (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 0.15 μmmol / L;

[0068] Fe-EDTA 30 μmmol / L;

[0069] Selenium: Sodium selenate 10 mg / L.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after culturing for 15 days, and then regularly supplementing the application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvesting. After the first application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution, a selenium absorption promoter is sprayed every 7 days until harvesting; the selenium absorption promoter is 0.5 mg / L zeatin. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is the same as in Example 2.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after culturing for 15 days, and then regularly supplementing the application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvesting. After the first application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution, a selenium absorption promoter is sprayed every 10 days until harvesting; the selenium absorption promoter is 0.2 mg / L abscisic acid. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is the same as in Example 2.

[0074] Example 6

[0075] A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tatarica comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tatarica seedlings, applying a selenium-containing nutrient solution after culturing for 15 days, and then regularly supplementing the application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution until harvesting. After the first application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution, a selenium absorption promoter is sprayed every 8 days until harvesting; the selenium absorption promoter is 50 mg / L spermidine. The selenium-containing nutrient solution is the same as in Example 2.

[0076] In order to illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, the present invention conducted the following two experiments:

[0077] Experiment 1: The absorption effect of Aster tataricus on different compounds of selenium

[0078] 1 Experimental methods:

[0079] In a glass net shed, the nutrient solution without selenium in Example 1 was used to culture Aster tatarica seedlings in sand culture experiment (Aster tatarica seedlings are seedlings obtained by sterilizing Aster tatarica seeds with ethanol and then planting them in Se-free soil). The seedlings with consistent growth and 6 complete leaves were selected, the roots were rinsed with ultrapure water, and the seedlings were transplanted into plastic buckets with a diameter, height and bottom diameter of 16 cm, a height of 11 cm and a bottom diameter of 9 cm, respectively. Each bucket contained 1.0 kg of sand, and 3 Aster tatarica plants were planted in each bucket. 0.5 L of the nutrient solution without selenium in Example 1 was applied, and 0.5 L of the nutrient solution without selenium in Example 1 was added every 2 days to maintain the growth of Aster tatarica. After 15 days of cultivation, nutrient solutions containing Se at different concentrations were applied, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The experimental design scheme was 7 treatments with 2 kinds of exogenous Se and 7 different Se concentrations. The Se concentrations in the nutrient solution in Example 1 were designed to be 0 mg / L (no Se, CK), 10 mg / L (Na 2 SeO 3 )、20mg / L(Na 2 SeO 3 )、40mg / L(Na 2 SeO 3 )、10mg / L(Na 2 SeO 4 10H 2 O), 20mg / L(Na 2SeO 4 10H 2 O), 40mg / L(Na 2 SeO 4 10H 2 O), and the pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to about 5.6 with 0.1mol / LNaOH or 0.1mol / LHCl. 0.5L of nutrient solution with different Se concentrations was applied for the first time, and 0.5L of nutrient solution with different Se concentrations was applied every 14 days. Ultrapure water was added irregularly during the culture period to keep the quartz sand moist to maintain the growth of Aster tatarica. After 42 days, the plant height of Aster tatarica in each treatment was measured and the plants were harvested for use.

[0080] 2 Sample preparation and analysis methods

[0081] After the treatment, the whole plant of Aster tataricus was taken out, the root yarn was removed, the roots were repeatedly rinsed with running tap water, and the roots were soaked in deionized water for 20 minutes to remove the Se adsorbed on the surface, and then repeatedly rinsed with deionized water and wiped clean with absorbent paper. The Aster tataricus was divided into three parts: roots, stems and leaves. After being put in an oven at 105℃ for 30 minutes, it was dried at 65℃ to constant weight. After the dry weight was determined, the roots, stems and leaves were crushed with a stainless steel crusher and passed through a 100-mesh sieve for later use.

[0082] The plant height of Aster tataricus was determined by direct determination method, the biomass of Aster tataricus was determined by drying constant weight method, the total selenium content in roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus was determined by GB / T5009.93 “Determination of selenium in foods (First method: hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry)”, and the inorganic Se content in roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus was determined by DB 3301 / T 117-2007 “Determination of organic and inorganic selenium in rice: atomic fluorescence spectrometry”. The organic Se content was obtained by deducting the inorganic Se content from the total Se content.

[0083] The experimental data were processed using Excel 2010 and analyzed for significant differences using SPSS 18.1.

[0084] 3 Experimental results and analysis:

[0085] 3.1 Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on the plant height of Aster tataricus

[0086] Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on the plant height of Aster tataricus Figure 1 ,Depend on Figure 1It can be seen that when sodium selenite was used as the Se source, there was no significant difference in the plant height of Aster tatarica between the sodium selenite concentration treatment group and CK (P<0.05), but the plant height of Aster tatarica treated with 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L addition concentrations was higher than that of CK, increasing by 11.46% and 2.19% respectively compared with CK; when the sodium selenite addition concentration was 40 mg / L, the plant height of Aster tatarica was the smallest, significantly lower than that of the 10 mg / LSe concentration treatment (P<0.05), and the plant height of Aster tatarica was reduced by 20.24% compared with the 10 mg / LSe concentration treatment. When sodium selenate was used as the Se source, the plant height of Aster tatarica was reduced in different sodium selenate concentration treatment groups compared with CK, with a decrease of 3.72% to 12.81%. Among them, the plant height of Aster tatarica with a concentration of 40 mg / LSe was the lowest, which was significantly reduced by 12.81% compared with CK (P<0.05); and significantly reduced by 9.44% compared with the treatment with a concentration of 10 mg / LSe (P<0.05). In summary, the addition of sodium selenite at concentrations of 10 mg / L and 20 mg / L was beneficial to increase the plant height of Aster tatarica, but when the sodium selenate concentration exceeded 10 mg / L, it inhibited the growth of Aster tatarica plants. When the treatment concentrations were the same, the plant height of Aster tatarica treated with sodium selenite was lower than that of Aster tatarica treated with sodium selenate.

[0087] 3.2 Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on the fresh weight of Aster tataricus

[0088] Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite on the fresh weight of Aster tataricus Figure 2 The effects of different concentrations of sodium selenate on the fresh weight of Aster tataricus Figure 3 .Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that when sodium selenite was used as the Se source, there was no significant difference in the fresh weight of the aboveground part and root of Aster tatarica treated with different concentrations (P<0.05), but when the Se addition concentration was 10 mg / L, the total fresh weight and aboveground fresh weight of Aster tatarica were the largest, increasing by 5.99% and 10.09% respectively compared with CK; the total fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight and root fresh weight of Aster tatarica treated with 40 mg / LSe concentration were the smallest, decreasing by 33.52%, 37.70% and 26.89% respectively compared with CK; there was a significant difference in the total fresh weight of the aboveground part of Aster tatarica between the 10 mg / L and 40 mg / LSe concentration treatment groups, and there was no significant difference between the other treatment groups (P<0.05). Figure 3It can be seen that when sodium selenate was used as Se source, there was no significant difference in the total fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight and root fresh weight of Aster tatarica in different concentration treatments (P<0.05), but when the Se addition concentration was 20 mg / L, the total fresh weight and aboveground fresh weight of Aster tatarica were the largest, increasing by 4.14% and 12.30% respectively compared with CK; when the Se concentration was 40 mg / L, the total fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight and root fresh weight of Aster tatarica were the smallest, decreasing by 13.30%, 18.38% and 10.09% compared with CK. The addition of 10 mg / L sodium selenite and 20 mg / L sodium selenate was beneficial to increase the accumulation of aboveground fresh weight and total fresh weight of Aster tatarica, while other addition concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate inhibited the growth of Aster tatarica plants, and the root fresh weight of Aster tatarica in all treatments was lower than that of CK.

[0089] 3.3 Effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on Se content in roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus

[0090] Among them, the Se content in the root of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate is shown in Table 1 below, the Se content in the stem of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate is shown in Table 2, and the Se content in the leaf of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate is shown in Table 3:

[0091] Table 1 Se content in the roots of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate

[0092]

[0093] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatment groups (P<0.05).

[0094] Table 2 Se content in the stem of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate

[0095]

[0096] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatment groups (P<0.05).

[0097] Table 3 Se content in leaves of Aster tataricus under the action of different concentrations of sodium selenite and sodium selenate

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatment groups (P<0.05).

[0101] As shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, with the increase of Se concentration, the Se content in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus with the addition of sodium selenite showed an upward trend, and the differences among the treatments were significant (P<0.05); the Se content in the roots of Aster tataricus with the addition of sodium selenate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the Se content in the stems showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but the Se content in the leaves showed a trend of gradual increase, and the differences in the leaves were significant among the treatments (P<0.05). The Se content of Aster tataricus with all exogenous Se additions showed a trend of roots> leaves> stems. In addition, the Se content in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with the same concentration of sodium selenite and sodium selenate was analyzed. The results showed that, except for the 10 mg / L concentration treatment, the Se content in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with sodium selenite was much higher than that in the sodium selenate treatment. At the 40 mg / L concentration treatment, the Se content in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with sodium selenite reached the highest, which were 612.33 mg / kg, 117.40 mg / kg and 150.02 mg / kg, respectively, which were 26.66 times, 13.42 times and 4.73 times that of the same concentration of sodium selenate treatment. It can be seen that compared with sodium selenate, sodium selenite is more conducive to the absorption and enrichment of Se in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus.

[0102] With the increase of Se concentration, the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus with sodium selenite showed an upward trend, and the differences among the treatments were significant (P<0.05); the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the roots of Aster tataricus with sodium selenate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the stems showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the leaves showed a trend of gradual increase, and the differences in leaves were significant among the treatments (P<0.05). The Se contents in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus with all exogenous Se additions showed that organic Se>inorganic Se, indicating that Aster tataricus can convert inorganic Se into organic Se in the process of absorbing Se. In addition, the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with the same concentration of sodium selenite and sodium selenate were analyzed. The results showed that except for the 10 mg / L concentration treatment, the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with sodium selenite were much higher than those treated with sodium selenate. At the 40 mg / L concentration treatment, the contents of inorganic Se and organic Se in the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus treated with sodium selenite reached the highest level. The inorganic Se content was 159.67 mg / kg, 34.37 mg / kg and 31.96 mg / kg, respectively, which were 23.76 times, 12.54 times and 4.28 times that of the sodium selenate treatment at the same concentration; the organic Se content was 452.66 mg / kg, 83.03 mg / kg and 124.06 mg / kg, respectively, which were 27.86 times, 13.82 times and 5.10 times that of the sodium selenate treatment at the same concentration. It can be seen that compared with sodium selenate, sodium selenite as a Se source is more conducive to the absorption of Se by the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus and the accumulation and conversion of organic Se. After comparison, it was found that when the concentration of sodium selenite added was 10 mg / L, the proportion of selenium concentrated in the aboveground part and the stem and leaf part was higher. Therefore, the present invention preferably uses 10 mg / L sodium selenite for cultivation, which greatly improves the edible value of Aster tataricus.

[0103] Experiment 2: Selenium enrichment experiment of Aster tataricus roots

[0104] 1 Experimental methods:

[0105] On the basis of the above experiments, the selenium-containing nutrient solution of Example 2 containing 10 mg / L of sodium selenite was used for further research, specifically: the nutrient solution of Example 2 without selenium was used to culture the seedlings of Aster tatarica in a sand culture experiment in a glass mesh shed (the seedlings of Aster tatarica were seedlings obtained by planting them in Se-free soil after ethanol disinfection). The seedlings with consistent growth and 6 complete leaves were selected, the roots were rinsed with ultrapure water, and transplanted into plastic buckets with a diameter, height and bottom diameter of 16 cm, a height of 11 cm and a bottom diameter of 9 cm, respectively, each bucket containing 1.0 kg of sand, 3 Aster tatarica were planted in each bucket, and 0.5 L of the nutrient solution of Example 2 without adding selenium was applied, and 0.5 L of the nutrient solution of Example 2 without adding selenium was applied every 2 days to maintain the growth of Aster tatarica. After 15 days of cultivation, 0.5L of the full formula nutrient solution of Example 2 was added, and then the same amount of the full formula nutrient solution of Example 2 was supplemented every 14 days; the pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to about 5.6 with 0.1mol / LNaOH or 0.1mol / LHCl before use of the two nutrient solutions. After the first application of the selenium-containing nutrient solution, different selenium absorption promoters were sprayed every 10 days, and each treatment was repeated 3 times; the experimental design of different selenium absorption promoters was: CK control, zeatin 0.5mg / L, zeatin 5mg / L, zeatin 10mg / L, abscisic acid (ABA) 0.2mg / L, abscisic acid (ABA) 0.5mg / L, abscisic acid (ABA) 1.0mg / L, spermidine 20mg / L, spermidine 50mg / L, spermidine 100mg / L, indoleacetic acid (IAA) 0.2mg / L, indoleacetic acid (IAA) 0.5mg / L, indoleacetic acid (IAA) 1.0mg / L. During the culture period, ultrapure water was added from time to time to keep the quartz sand moist and maintain the growth of Aster tataricus. After 60 days, the plant height and total fresh weight of Aster tataricus in each treatment were measured and the plants were harvested for later use.

[0106] 2. Sample preparation and analysis methods

[0107] Sample processing is the same as the sample preparation and analysis method mentioned in 1.2 above.

[0108] The detection method is as follows: the plant height and the total fresh weight of the whole plant of Aster tataricus were determined by direct determination, and the total dry weight of the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus was determined by oven drying constant weight method. The results are shown in Table 4. The total selenium content of the roots, stems and leaves of Aster tataricus was determined by GB / T 5009.93 "Determination of selenium in food (first method hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry)", and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0109] 3 Experimental results and analysis:

[0110] Table 4

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Table 5

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Note: In Tables 4 and 5, three plants were selected for each replicate.

[0121] As shown in Table 4, after adding different concentrations of zeatin, abscisic acid, and spermidine, the plant height, total fresh weight, and total dry weight of Aster tataricus were substantially improved compared with the CK group, while after adding different concentrations of indoleacetic acid, the plant height, total fresh weight, and total dry weight of Aster tataricus were not significantly different from those of the CK group. This shows that the addition of zeatin, abscisic acid, and spermidine promotes the growth of Aster tataricus. As shown in Table 5, the selenium-rich part of Aster tatarica is mainly in the root, and the selenium content of the root of the CK group is 336.09 mg / kg, while the root of Aster tatarica sprayed with 0.5 mg / L zeatin is as high as 476.84 mg / kg, the root of Aster tatarica sprayed with 0.5 mg / L abscisic acid is as high as 391.86 mg / kg, the root of Aster tatarica sprayed with 1.0 mg / L abscisic acid is as high as 402.68 mg / kg, and the root of Aster tatarica sprayed with 50 mg / L spermidine is as high as 468.19, which are all significantly higher than the CK group. However, the selenium content of the root of Aster tatarica sprayed with indoleacetic acid is not significantly different from that of the CK group. This shows that the appropriate amount of zeatin, abscisic acid and spermidine can promote the absorption of selenium by the root of Aster tatarica, improve the growth of Aster tatarica, and obtain higher quality selenium-rich Aster tatarica.

[0122] It should be noted that although the sand culture + nutrient solution method was used in the experiment of the present invention, in actual cultivation work, the soil culture + selenium-containing fertilizer method can also be used in combination with the application of zeatin, abscisic acid and spermidine to cultivate selenium-rich Aster.

[0123] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: cultivating Aster tataricus seedlings, applying selenium-containing nutrient solution or selenium-containing fertilizer after cultivating for 15 days, and then regularly supplementing and applying the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer until harvesting.

2. The method for cultivating a high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the selenium-containing nutrient solution or the selenium-containing fertilizer is applied for the first time, a selenium absorption promoter is sprayed every 7 to 10 days until harvest; the selenium absorption promoter is 0.5 mg / L zeatin or 0.5 mg / L to 1.0 mg / L abscisic acid or 50 mg / L spermidine.

3. The method for cultivating a high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The selenium-containing nutrient solution is composed of the following ingredients: KNO3 2.0~4.0mmol / L; Ca(N03)2·4H2O 0.5~1mmol / L; MgSO4·7H2O 0.2~0.5mmol / L; KH2PO4 0.01~0.1mmol / L; H3BO3 10~12μmol / L; MnC12·4H2O 2.0~5μmol / L; ZnSO4·7H2O 0.3~0.5μmol / L; CuSO4.5H2O 0.20~0.40μmmol / L; (NH4)2MoO4 0.1~0.2μmmol / L; Fe-EDTA 20~40μmmol / L; Selenium: Sodium selenite 10-20 mg / L.

4. The method for cultivating a high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The selenium element is 10 mg / L of sodium selenite.

5. The method for cultivating a high-selenium-rich Aster tataricus according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before use, the selenium-containing nutrient solution needs to be adjusted to a pH of 5.5-6.0 using 0.1 mol / L NaOH or 0.1 mol / L HCl.

6. The high-selenium-enriched Aster tataricus obtained by culturing the high-selenium-enriched Aster tataricus according to the culturing method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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