Slow release fertilizer special for quinoa in saline-alkali soil and preparation method of slow release fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a slow release fertilizer special for quinoa in saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof. The slow release fertilizer special for quinoa in saline-alkali soil is prepared from, by mass, 30-50 parts of sophora alopecuroide straw, 20-30 parts of grape skin residues, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 3-5 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of fulvic acid, 8-12 parts of amino acid, 8-12 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 9-15 parts of manganese sulfate, 6-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-9 parts of copper sulfate, 3-10 parts of boric fertilizer, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 5-15 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of granulation adhesive and 20-40 parts of coating agent. The invention discloses a preparation method of a slow release fertilizer special for quinoa in saline-alkali soil. Compared with the prior art, the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the salinity and alkalinity are reduced, a good growth environment is provided for quinoa growth, and the quinoa quality is improved while the yield of the quinoa in the saline-alkali soil is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a slow-release fertilizer special for quinoa in saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a salt-alkali tolerant crop, quinoa has strong adaptability. However, in a high-salt-alkali environment, the saline-alkali land has excessively high salt and alkaline content, which leads to deterioration of soil structure, poor aeration, and unbalanced water and nutrient supply, which seriously affects the growth and yield of crops. The growth of quinoa, a highly adaptable crop, is also restricted. In addition, the dry climate in the quinoa planting area and the high salt content of the soil parent material have aggravated soil salinization. Improper development and utilization of water and soil resources have led to serious secondary soil salinization problems, which have become the main reason hindering the sustainable development of the quinoa industry. It is urgent to develop a special fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land.

[0003] Patent CN108424269A discloses a special fertilizer for quinoa, which includes the following raw materials by weight: 10-20 parts of dry sheep manure, 10-20 parts of bran, 10-20 parts of dry soybean meal, 10-20 parts of dry cotton meal, 2-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5-10 parts of ammonium ferrous sulfate, 3-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10-20 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-8 parts of boron fertilizer, 10-20 parts of coating agent and 5-10 parts of granulation binder. Although the invention and the existing slow-release fertilizers improve the fertilizer efficiency to a certain extent, they still cannot meet the special needs of quinoa under saline-alkali land planting conditions. In addition, the existing technology has limited effects on improving soil permeability and improving soil structure. Conventional fertilization and mixed application of ordinary fertilizers not only fail to achieve good results, but will cause nutrient imbalance and serious waste. It is urgent to develop a slow-release fertilizer suitable for quinoa in saline-alkali land to provide good fertilizer effect for the growth of quinoa under saline-alkali land conditions and promote the sustainable development of the quinoa industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the inventors optimized the special fertilizer components for quinoa according to the growth demand law of quinoa and the high salinity and alkali characteristics of saline-alkali land. The types and contents of organic fertilizers were adjusted, and bitter bean straw suitable for saline-alkali land was added, mixed with grape skin residue, sheep manure, and plant ash, and humus organic fertilizer was obtained through biological fermentation, which provided rich organic fertilizer for the growth of quinoa under saline-alkali land conditions, and at the same time, the soil structure of saline-alkali land can be improved, which is more conducive to plant growth.

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the poor soil structure and poor air permeability of saline-alkali land are not conducive to the growth of quinoa, the present invention adds amino acids, fulvic acid and salt-alkali sensitive polymer polyhydrogen peroxide or polyethylene glycol peroxide on the basis of the above-mentioned humus organic fertilizer, promotes the conversion of excessive sodium salt in saline-alkali land, improves the salinity of the soil, and reduces salt damage. In addition, polyhydrogen peroxide and polyethylene glycol peroxide have the effect of improving soil structure, and they are combined with the extremely strong permeability of fulvic acid to synergistically promote the absorption of nutrients and water by the quinoa root system and promote the growth of quinoa.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention provides inorganic fertilizers, trace elements, and minerals required for the growth of quinoa. The components work synergistically to promote the growth of quinoa under saline-alkali conditions while improving the poor ventilation and high-salt soil environment of the saline-alkali land.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land, which comprises, by weight: 30-50 parts of bitter bean straw, 20-30 parts of grape skin residue, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 3-5 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of amino acids, 8-12 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 9-15 parts of manganese sulfate, 6-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-9 parts of copper sulfate, 3-10 parts of boron fertilizer, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 5-15 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of granulation adhesive and 20-40 parts of coating agent.

[0008] Furthermore, the water content of the bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep dung and wood ash described in the present invention is not higher than 30%.

[0009] Furthermore, the bitter bean straw described in the present invention is a waste of wild medicinal plant resources, and its effective ingredients include alkaloids, proteins, sugars, organic acids and flavonoids.

[0010] Furthermore, the grape skin residue of the present invention is the residue after alcohol is produced by fermentation using grapes as raw materials.

[0011] Furthermore, the granulation binder of the present invention is one or more of polyurethane, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, and cassava starch.

[0012] Furthermore, the coating agent described in the present invention is one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Weigh the raw materials of the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer components for quinoa in saline-alkali land by mass.

[0015] Step 2: Grind bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep manure and plant ash to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, and ferment naturally. During the fermentation process, add 50%-70% of the mass of the fermented material to ensure that the material is evenly moistened to obtain humus organic fertilizer. The particle size of 0.5-2 mm can increase the surface area of ​​the material and facilitate full fermentation.

[0016] Step 3: Mix superphosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, fulvic acid, amino acid, boron fertilizer with polylactic acid, sodium alginate, bentonite, and polyperoxide (polyhydrogen peroxide, polyethylene glycol peroxide), add water, and stir to obtain a suspension;

[0017] Step 4: mixing the suspension obtained in step 3 with the humus organic fertilizer obtained in step 2, granulating the mixture using a fluidized bed granulator to obtain core fertilizer, and drying the core fertilizer at a drying temperature of 70 to 80° C. until the moisture content of the core fertilizer is no more than 8%;

[0018] Step 5: Mix the core fertilizer obtained in step 4 with the remaining humus organic fertilizer, and then mix with the coating agent, perform coating treatment, and dry after coating to obtain a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land.

[0019] Furthermore, the particle size of the product obtained in step five is 5 to 10 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the method of using the special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land is: use it as base fertilizer at a dosage of 25kg / mu for one time, and no more fertilizer is applied during the plant growth cycle.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0022] The present invention applies polyhydrogen peroxide to saline-alkali land special fertilizer for the first time to improve soil structure. Polyhydrogen peroxide can synergistically reduce salinity and salt damage in saline-alkali land with amino acids. More beneficially, the synergistic effect of this component and other components of the present invention makes the yield of quinoa in saline-alkali land increase by up to 118%, which is a significant increase in yield. Those skilled in the art cannot know whether polyhydrogen peroxide can be used in combination with other components of the present invention without experimental exploration, and cannot predict that the present invention can significantly increase the yield of quinoa.

[0023] The composition ratio of the present invention is adapted to saline-alkali soil conditions, suitable for the nutritional needs of quinoa, has a simple preparation process, can reduce fertilizer input while improving fertilizer efficiency, significantly increase quinoa yield while improving quinoa quality, and has obvious industrial advantages. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each example are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials can be purchased on the market unless otherwise specified, and the parts in the following examples are all mass parts unless otherwise specified.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This embodiment provides a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 5 mm and a preparation method thereof.

[0027] The special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this implementation includes, by mass: 30 parts of bitter bean straw, 20 parts of grape skin residue, 20 parts of sheep manure, 5 parts of wood ash, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of amino acids, 8 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 9 parts of manganese sulfate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6 parts of copper sulfate, 3 parts of boron fertilizer, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of polyhydrogen peroxide, 10 parts of granulation adhesive, and 20 parts of coating agent.

[0028] Among them, the moisture content of bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep dung and wood ash is no more than 10%.

[0029] The granulation binder described in this embodiment is polyurethane.

[0030] In this embodiment, the coating agent is polylactic acid.

[0031] The method for preparing the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Weigh all materials according to the mass fractions of the components in the example.

[0033] Step 2: Grind bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep manure and plant ash to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, and ferment naturally. During the fermentation process, add 50%-70% of the mass of the fermented material to ensure that the material is evenly moistened to obtain humus organic fertilizer. The particle size of 0.5-2 mm can increase the surface area of ​​the material and facilitate full fermentation.

[0034] Step 3: Mix superphosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, fulvic acid, amino acid, sodium alginate, bentonite, boron fertilizer and polyhydrogen peroxide, add water to the mixture, stir evenly, and prepare a suspension;

[0035] Step 4: mixing the suspension obtained in step 3 with the humus organic fertilizer obtained in step 2, granulating the mixture using a fluidized bed granulator to obtain a core fertilizer, and then drying the core fertilizer in a dryer at a drying temperature of 70° C. until the moisture content of the core fertilizer is less than or equal to 8%;

[0036] Step 5: Mix the core fertilizer obtained in step 4 with the remaining humus organic fertilizer, and then mix with the coating agent, perform coating treatment, and then dry to obtain the product.

[0037] Furthermore, in the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer specifically for quinoa in saline-alkali land, the amount of humus organic fertilizer used in step 4 is 30% of the total mass of the humus organic fertilizer.

[0038] Furthermore, the particle size of the core fertilizer obtained in step 4 of the preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land is 2 mm.

[0039] Furthermore, the particle size of the special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land obtained in step 5 of the preparation method of the special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land is 5 mm.

[0040] According to the above component composition and preparation method, a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 5 mm is obtained.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 8 mm and a preparation method thereof.

[0043] The slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in the present embodiment includes, by weight, 40 parts of bitter bean straw, 25 parts of grape skin residue, 25 parts of sheep manure, 4 parts of wood ash, 17 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of amino acids, 10 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 11 parts of manganese sulfate, 7 parts of ferrous sulfate, 7 parts of copper sulfate, 8 parts of boron fertilizer, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of bentonite, 7 parts of polyhydrogen peroxide, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol peroxide, 12 parts of granulation adhesive, and 30 parts of coating agent.

[0044] The water content of the bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep dung and plant ash described in this embodiment is not higher than 20%.

[0045] The granulation binder described in this embodiment is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose calcium and cassava starch, wherein the granulation binder contains 40% carboxymethyl cellulose calcium and 60% cassava starch.

[0046] In this embodiment, the coating agent is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), wherein the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 40% and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 60%.

[0047] The preparation method of the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this embodiment has the same specific steps as the preparation steps in Example 1, except that:

[0048] In step 4 of the method for preparing a slow-release fertilizer specifically for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this embodiment, the amount of humus organic fertilizer used is 40% of the total mass of the humus organic fertilizer, and the core fertilizer is dried at 75°C.

[0049] The particle size of the core fertilizer described in this embodiment is 3mm.

[0050] The particle size of the slow-release fertilizer product specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this embodiment is 8 mm.

[0051] According to the component composition and preparation method of Example 2, a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 8 mm was obtained.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This embodiment provides a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 10 mm and a preparation method thereof.

[0054] The special slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this implementation includes, by mass: 50 parts of bitter bean straw, 30 parts of grape skin residue, 30 parts of sheep manure, 3 parts of wood ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of amino acids, 12 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganese sulfate, 9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 9 parts of copper sulfate, 10 parts of boron fertilizer, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of polyhydrogen peroxide, 15 parts of granulation adhesive, and 40 parts of coating agent.

[0055] The moisture content of the bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep dung and plant ash described in this embodiment is not higher than 30%.

[0056] The granulation binder described in this embodiment is a mixture of polyurethane, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose and cassava starch. In terms of mass percentage, the calcium carboxymethyl cellulose accounts for 40%, the cassava starch accounts for 30% and the polyurethane accounts for 20%.

[0057] The coating agent described in this embodiment is a mixture of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In terms of mass percentage, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) accounts for 40%, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) accounts for 40%, and polylactic acid accounts for 20%.

[0058] The preparation method of the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land in this embodiment has the same specific steps as the preparation steps in Example 1, except that:

[0059] In the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land of this embodiment, the amount of humus organic fertilizer used in step 4 is 50% of the total mass of humus organic fertilizer. The core fertilizer is dried at 80°C.

[0060] The core fertilizer particle size described in this embodiment is 5mm.

[0061] The particle size of the slow-release fertilizer product specifically for quinoa in saline-alkali land described in this embodiment is 10 mm.

[0062] According to the component composition and preparation method of Example 3, a slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land with a product particle size of 10 mm was obtained.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] This embodiment adopts coating technology to prepare a special fertilizer for salt quinoa.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 comprises, by mass, 20 parts of dry sheep manure, 20 parts of bran, 20 parts of dry soybean meal, 20 parts of dry cottonseed meal, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 10 parts of ammonium ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of boron fertilizer, 20 parts of coating agent and 10 parts of granulation binder. The water content of the dry sheep manure, dry cottonseed meal, dry soybean meal and bran is not higher than 20%.

[0066] The granulation binder described in this embodiment is diatomaceous earth.

[0067] The coating agent described in this embodiment is polyethylene.

[0068] The preparation method of a special fertilizer for quinoa described in this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) weighing the above raw materials respectively by weight, and mixing dry sheep manure, bran, dry soybean meal and dry cottonseed meal, mixing evenly and performing composting treatment, and drying and crushing after composting to obtain humus organic fertilizer; 2) mixing manganese sulfate, ammonium ferrous sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, part of urea potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer, part of granulation binder and part of the humus organic fertilizer obtained in step 1), melting and granulating by a high tower granulator to obtain core fertilizer, and the core fertilizer particle size is 3 mm; 3) adding water to zinc sulfate, a coating agent and the remaining humus organic fertilizer, granulation binder and urea to mix to prepare a suspension, and heating to 70° C.; 4) coating the suspension obtained in step 3) and the core fertilizer obtained in step 2) by a rotary coating machine, and drying the coated product to obtain comparative example 1, and the particle size of comparative example 1 is 8 mm.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] This embodiment prepares a special fertilizer for salt quinoa.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 includes the following raw materials by mass: 30 parts of dry sheep manure, 20 parts of flaxseed meal, 30 parts of nitrophosphate fertilizer, 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 30 parts of urea, 30 parts of diammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of manganese sulfate, and 5 parts of granulation binder.

[0072] The flax meal described in this embodiment is a by-product of pressing linseed oil, and has an organic matter content of ≥50%.

[0073] The granulation binder described in this embodiment is diatomaceous earth.

[0074] The method for preparing quinoa fertilizer in this embodiment comprises the following steps: 1) crushing the dry sheep manure, flax meal, nitrophosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate into 80 mesh fine powder respectively; 2) mixing the crushed dry sheep manure, flax meal, nitrophosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate with the granulation binder according to the weight parts, granulating at 70° C., requiring the particle size to be 2-3 mm, and then putting it into a dryer for drying, the inlet temperature of the dryer is 110-130° C., and the outlet temperature is 55-60° C. After drying, the quinoa fertilizer is made, i.e., Comparative Example 2.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] This experiment is to verify the effect of slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali soil.

[0077] From April 2023 to October 2023, fertilizer efficiency verification tests will be carried out at the experimental base in Tekes County, Yili.

[0078] Test location: Tekes County is located at the eastern end of the Tezhao Basin in the western part of the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains, with an altitude of 900 to 1200 meters. The average annual temperature is 5.3℃, the effective accumulated temperature is 2292.2℃, the average annual precipitation is 375 mm, the frost-free period is 118 days, and the average annual evaporation is 1456.8 mm. The test soil is a heavily alkaline soil with a pH value of 9.6, a field water holding capacity of 10%, a conductivity of 1.523μS / cm, an organic matter content of 10g / kg, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents of 61, 22, and 70mg / kg, respectively, and an alkalinity (ESP) of 59%.

[0079] Fertilizers used in the experiment: the slow-release fertilizers for quinoa in saline-alkali land prepared in Examples 1 to 3, the special fertilizers for quinoa in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and compound fertilizers purchased from the market.

[0080] Quinoa variety: Xinjiang’s self-developed variety Yili Zao No. 1.

[0081] Experimental treatment: Yili Zao No. 1 quinoa variety was selected as the test material, and 5 different treatments were set: Treatment 1 (T1): fertilizer corresponding to Example 1; Treatment 2 (T2): fertilizer corresponding to Example 2; Treatment 3 (T3): fertilizer corresponding to Example 3; Treatment 4 (T4): fertilizer corresponding to Comparative Example 1; Treatment 5 (T5): fertilizer corresponding to Comparative Example 2; Treatment 6 (T6): compound fertilizer purchased from the market.

[0082] Each treatment was repeated three times, with six experimental plots and a plot area of ​​2666.7 m 2 The total area of ​​the test site is 16000m 2 The cultivation measures were carried out according to the standard requirements, the irrigation amount was the same for each treatment, and the irrigation time was at the seedling stage, heading stage, flowering stage and grain filling stage.

[0083] According to the above different test treatments, 24 mu of saline-alkali dry land was irrigated at the end of March, and tilled when the soil moisture was suitable. At the same time, 100 kg of fertilizer corresponding to each treatment was applied to each of the six test areas as base fertilizer, and no fertilizer was applied during the entire growth cycle. In mid-April, 0.25 kg / mu of seeds were sown in each test plot, with a sowing depth of 2-3 cm, a plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and a row spacing of 40-45 cm. After germination, the quinoa emergence rate was counted, and thinning began when the quinoa seedlings grew to 15 cm, followed by routine management. When testing soil salinity, aeration, yield, quality and other related indicators, the experiment was finally tested at the mature harvest period, and the test results were recorded. On October 28, the soil salinity, soil aeration, quinoa agronomic traits, yield and quality of each treatment test plot were tested, counted and analyzed.

[0084] The specific test indicators and results of the effects of fertilizer treatment in different embodiments on soil salinity and aeration are as follows:

[0085] By detecting the changes in pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium (ESP) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of saline-alkali soil, the degree of soil salinization and aeration were measured to evaluate the effect of fertilizers on reducing salinity and improving aeration of saline-alkali soil. The experimental data were sorted and charted using Microsoft Excel 2007, and statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The analysis results are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1 Effects of fertilizer treatments in different embodiments on soil salinity and aeration

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard. Data with the same uppercase or lowercase letter after them indicate no significant difference at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels (Duncan's method).

[0090] The specific test indicators and results of the effects of fertilizer treatments in different embodiments on the growth traits, yield and quality of quinoa are as follows:

[0091] The effects of different fertilizers on the growth shape of quinoa were evaluated by testing the plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf area of ​​quinoa. The experimental data were sorted and charted using Microsoft Excel 2007, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The analysis results are shown in Table 2.

[0092] Table 2 Effects of different fertilizers on morphological characteristics of quinoa

[0093] deal with Plant height(cm) Stem diameter (cm) Root length (cm) Leaf area (cm2) T1 135.26±3.32aA 14.29±0.67aA 16.32±0.26aA 14.30±0.47aA T2 139.52±6.70aA 13.88±1.13aA 16.05±0.32aA 13.04±0.85bB T3 142.79±5.54aA 19.49±0.44abAB 16.73±0.18aA 14.57±0.04aA T4 130.59±7.78aA 11.67±2.29aA 14.63±0.61bA 11.64±0.51cAB T5 131.59±7.78aA 11.29±0.60aB 14.43±0.13bcB 12.61±0.78bB CK 114.09±1.70aB 7.90±0.82aB 12.28±0.21cC 10.09±0.01cC

[0094] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard. Data with the same uppercase and lowercase letters indicate no significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels (Duncan's method).

[0095] By testing the number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and yield indicators of quinoa, the effects of different fertilizers on the number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, average yield and relative yield of quinoa were analyzed. The experimental data were sorted and charted using Microsoft Excel 2007, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The analysis results are shown in Table 3.

[0096] Table 3 Effects of fertilizer treatments in different embodiments on quinoa yield and yield components

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level

[0100] By detecting the content of protein, fat and starch in quinoa, the effects of different fertilizers on the quality of quinoa were evaluated. The experimental data were sorted and charted using Microsoft Excel 2007, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The analysis results are shown in Table 4.

[0101] Table 4 Effect of fertilizer treatment in different embodiments on quinoa quality

[0102]

[0103] Note: Treatments with different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different at the 0.05 level.

[0104] Statistical analysis of the effects of different fertilizers on soil salinity, aeration, quinoa agronomic traits, yield and quality showed that:

[0105] (1) T3 showed a particularly significant effect in improving soil properties. All treatments resulted in a general decrease in soil pH, ranging from 0.93% to 5.02%. Among them, the decrease in soil pH by T1, T2, and T3 treatments was greater than that by other treatments, showing a significant pH regulation ability. This shows that the present invention is superior to the prior art in soil pH regulation ability.

[0106] (2) In terms of reducing soil salinity, the reduction in electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 23% to 46%, with the T3 treatment having the most significant reduction, reaching 46%, indicating that the T3 treatment was the most effective in reducing soil salinity. The electrical conductivities of the T, T2 and T3 treatments were all lower than those of the other treatments, indicating that the present invention was superior to the prior art in reducing soil salinity.

[0107] (3) The increase in soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) is crucial to improving soil fertility retention and nutrient supply. T3 treatment increased CEC by 27%, much higher than other treatments.

[0108] (4) The reduction of exchangeable sodium content (ESP) helps to improve soil structure and increase soil aeration and water permeability. The ESP content of T3 treatment decreased by 34.72%, the largest decrease among all treatments, showing its significant advantage in improving soil structure.

[0109] (5) The reduction of alkalinity reflects the reduction of soil salinization. The alkalinity reduction of T3 treatment reached 48.24%, which was the largest reduction among all treatments, followed by T2 and T1 treatments. This shows that compared with the prior art, the present invention is better than the prior art in reducing soil alkalinity, and T3 is a preferred embodiment.

[0110] (6) The fertilizer treatments in different embodiments have a significant effect on the morphological characteristics of quinoa at maturity. The plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf area of ​​quinoa treated with T1, T2 and T3 are higher than those of other treatments. The plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf area of ​​quinoa treated with T3 are higher than those of other treatments, indicating that compared with the prior art, the morphological indicators of quinoa in the present invention are superior to those of the prior art, and T3 treatment is a preferred embodiment.

[0111] (7) The yield of quinoa in each treatment increased to varying degrees compared with CK, with the increase ranging from 18.2% to 118%. The number of grains, grain weight and yield of quinoa in T1, T2 and T3 treatments were all higher than those in other treatments, and the indicators of T3 treatment were the best, indicating that the yield increase effect of the present invention was significant compared with the prior art, and T3 was the best embodiment.

[0112] (8) Regarding the protein content of fertilizer treatments in different embodiments, T3 had the highest protein content, followed by T4 and T2, while T1 and CK had lower protein contents.

[0113] (9) In terms of fat content, T3 has the highest fat content, followed by T2 and T1, while T5 and CK have lower fat content. This shows that compared with the prior art, the present invention has a better effect on the fat content of quinoa than the prior art, and T3 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0114] (10) In terms of starch content, T3 had the highest starch content, while T5 had the lowest starch content. The difference between T5 and CK was not significant, but it was significantly different from T3, T2, and T4.

[0115] In summary, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 corresponding to T1, T2 and T3 are superior to other treatments in adjusting soil pH, reducing soil salinity and reducing alkalinity, T1, T2 and T3 are superior to other treatments in terms of growth performance of quinoa and quinoa yield increase, T1, T2 and T3 are superior to other treatments in terms of quinoa fat content, indicating that the present invention is superior to the prior art in terms of soil structure improvement and quinoa yield increase and quality, wherein T3 treatment performs best in each index, and Example 3 corresponding to T3 treatment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Example 3 is particularly outstanding in terms of quinoa yield increase, and the yield increase of T3 is as high as 118% compared with CK, with significant beneficial effects.

Claims

1. A slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: Calculated by mass, the invention comprises: 30-50 parts of bitter bean straw, 20-30 parts of grape skin residue, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 3-5 parts of wood ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 8-12 parts of amino acid, 8-12 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate, 9-15 parts of manganese sulfate, 6-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-9 parts of copper sulfate, 3-10 parts of boron fertilizer, 5-10 parts of sodium alginate, 5-15 parts of bentonite, 10-15 parts of granulation adhesive and 20-40 parts of coating agent.

2. A method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: weighing the raw materials of the slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land according to their mass fractions; Step 2: crushing the bitter bean straw, grape skin residue, sheep manure and wood ash as described in claim 1, adding water to mix, and subjecting to microbial decomposition, and drying and crushing the decomposition products to obtain humus organic fertilizer; Step 3: Mix superphosphate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, fulvic acid, amino acid, boron fertilizer, slow-release material and modified material, add water and stir to obtain a suspension; Step 4: mixing the suspension obtained in step 3 with the humus organic fertilizer obtained in step 2, granulating the mixture using a fluidized bed granulator, and drying the mixture after granulation to obtain core fertilizer; Step 5: Mix the core fertilizer obtained in step 4 with the remaining humus organic fertilizer, and then mix it with the coating agent, perform coating treatment, and dry the coated product to obtain a slow-release fertilizer specifically for quinoa in saline-alkali land.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The granulation binder used in the granulation is one or more of polylactic acid, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose and tapioca starch.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coating agent used in the coating treatment is one or more of polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2, the microorganisms are decomposed, and before decomposition, the pulverized material is crushed to a particle size of 0.5 to 2 mm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The granulation is followed by drying at a temperature of 70-80°C.

7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amount of humus organic fertilizer used in the granulation is 30-50% of the total amount of humus organic fertilizer.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: The particle size of the slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land is 5 to 10 mm.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The particle size of the slow-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa in saline-alkali land is preferably 10 mm.

10. The slow-release fertilizer for quinoa in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: Can be applied to saline-alkali land.

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