Laser cladding equipment and process for coal mine hydraulic support

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laser cladding equipment and process method for a coal mine hydraulic support, comprising a frame, a clamping portion and a spraying portion provided on the frame, the clamping portion being used to clamp a workpiece, the spraying portion being used to spray prefabricated materials onto the surface of the workpiece, a processing slide being provided on the frame, a connecting arm being provided on the processing slide, a laser cladding head being provided on the connecting arm, a driving portion and a speed-changing linkage mechanism being provided on the frame, the driving portion being able to drive the clamping portion and the speed-changing linkage mechanism to move, and the speed-changing linkage mechanism being able to drive the processing slide to move. Through the above-mentioned technical means, compared with the existing laser cladding equipment, the laser cladding equipment for the coal mine hydraulic support can effectively prevent the technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and air holes that exist in the processing of the existing laser cladding equipment, improve the quality and durability of the coating, and can realize the laser cladding work of the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of the coal mine hydraulic support equipment by the same equipment, and the cost is low and easy to promote and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding of coal mine hydraulic supports, and in particular to laser cladding equipment and a process method for coal mine hydraulic supports. Background Art

[0002] The main reason for surface treatment of hydraulic supports in coal mines is to extend their service life, improve their wear and corrosion resistance, and ensure safety. Hydraulic supports in coal mines are susceptible to corrosion and wear in the complex mine environment, leading to failure and threatening mining safety. Therefore, surface engineering technology is necessary to protect the surface of hydraulic supports.

[0003] The main surface treatment technologies for coal mine hydraulic supports include: electroplating hard chrome, laser cladding, high velocity flame spraying and sprayed metal ceramic coatings, and tungsten flash treatment. Each of these technologies has its advantages and disadvantages, and selecting the appropriate surface treatment technology requires comprehensive consideration based on specific operating conditions and economic benefits. For example, although laser cladding technology is relatively expensive, its high efficiency and long life make it the preferred option in many cases.

[0004] The areas requiring laser cladding in coal mine hydraulic supports primarily include the columns, piston rods, and inner cylinder walls. These areas are subject to significant pressure and corrosion within the hydraulic support, making them susceptible to wear and corrosion, and therefore require laser cladding for reinforcement and repair. The hydraulic support's top frame and guard plates also require laser cladding. Laser cladding improves the plates' wear and corrosion resistance, extending their service life and ensuring the proper operation and safe production of the hydraulic support.

[0005] Laser cladding equipment is widely used in aerospace, automotive, petrochemical, and mold manufacturing. In aerospace, laser cladding equipment is used to process high-temperature, high-pressure components such as turbine blades and jet engines, improving their heat and corrosion resistance. In automotive manufacturing, laser cladding equipment is used to process components such as engine cylinders and drive shafts, improving their wear and corrosion resistance. In mold manufacturing, laser cladding equipment is used to repair damaged mold surfaces and extend their service life.

[0006] Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to fuse a high-hardness, corrosion-resistant alloy powder with a substrate, creating a metallurgical reaction that creates a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant functional layer. This technology offers advantages such as metallurgical bonding with the substrate, high surface treatment efficiency, outstanding economic benefits, and a clean, environmentally friendly design.

[0007] Laser cladding equipment is widely used today, but there are still many unresolved technical problems. In particular, regarding the laser cladding equipment used for various components of coal mine hydraulic supports, there are the following main technical problems:

[0008] Existing laser cladding equipment has technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores during processing, which will affect the quality and durability of the coating.

[0009] Existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment cannot complete laser cladding operations under different working conditions, including flat workpieces, the outer surface of cylindrical workpieces, and the inner surface of tubular workpieces. It is not suitable for laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support, and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0010] Existing laser cladding equipment is basically electronically controlled for its rotation and feeding, and has complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment. The procurement and maintenance costs of these equipment are relatively high, resulting in very high costs for existing laser cladding equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The present invention provides a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support to solve several major technical problems:

[0012] Existing laser cladding equipment has technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores during processing, which will affect the quality and durability of the coating.

[0013] Existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment cannot complete laser cladding operations under different working conditions, including flat workpieces, the outer surface of cylindrical workpieces, and the inner surface of tubular workpieces. It is not suitable for laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support, and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0014] Existing laser cladding equipment is basically electronically controlled for its rotation and feeding, and has complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment. The procurement and maintenance costs of these equipment are relatively high, resulting in very high costs for existing laser cladding equipment.

[0015] The present invention discloses a laser cladding device and a process method for a coal mine hydraulic support, comprising a frame, wherein the frame is provided with a clamping part and a spraying part, the clamping part is used to clamp a workpiece, the spraying part is used to spray a prefabricated material onto the surface of the workpiece, the frame is provided with a processing slide, the processing slide is provided with a connecting arm, the connecting arm is provided with a laser cladding head, the frame is provided with a driving part and a speed-changing linkage mechanism, the driving part can drive the clamping part and the speed-changing linkage mechanism to move, and the speed-changing linkage mechanism can drive the processing slide to move.

[0016] Through the above-mentioned technical means, the laser cladding of the coal mine hydraulic support can effectively prevent the technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and air holes during processing of the existing laser cladding equipment compared with the existing laser cladding equipment, improve the quality and durability of the coating, and realize the laser cladding work of the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support and top frame of the coal mine hydraulic support equipment with the same equipment, and it is low-cost and easy to promote and use.

[0017] Furthermore, a laser and a beam splitting device are provided in the laser cladding head. The beam splitting device includes a beam splitting box provided inside the laser cladding head. A beam splitting mirror group is provided in the beam splitting box. The beam splitting mirror group is composed of several wedge-shaped beam splitting lenses. The beam splitting mirror group can split the laser emitted by the laser into three parts, which are respectively directed to two beam splitters and a processing port. Beam splitting tubes are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head, and a processing port is provided below the laser cladding head. Beam splitters are provided in both beam splitting tubes.

[0018] Furthermore, the clamping part includes a vertical frame arranged on the frame, and a three-grab chuck and a belt locking mechanism are provided on the vertical frame. The three-grab chuck includes two movable jaws and one fixed jaw. The movable jaw is rotatably connected to an abutment block, and the fixed jaw is fixedly connected to an abutment block. The three-grab chuck is rotatably connected to the vertical frame through a connecting shaft, and a clamping gear is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft away from the three-grab chuck, and the driving part can drive the clamping gear to rotate.

[0019] Furthermore, the belt locking mechanism includes four locking blocks slidably connected to the frame, a spring is provided between the locking block and the vertical frame, a guide wheel is rotatably connected to the locking block, a locking belt is fixedly connected to the vertical frame, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the vertical frame, two fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate, one end of the locking belt is fixed to the vertical frame by a bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate by a pin shaft.

[0020] Furthermore, the spraying part includes a spray box and a spray head, a spray pipeline is connected between the spray box and the spray head, a connecting buckle is provided at the spray head, and the connecting buckle is detachably connected to an extension rod.

[0021] Furthermore, the processing slide includes a base frame arranged on the frame, a first screw being rotatably connected to the base frame, a processing stand being slidably connected to the base frame, the processing stand being threadedly connected to the first screw, a second screw being rotatably connected to the processing stand, a processing cross frame being slidably connected to the processing cross frame, the processing cross frame being threadedly connected to the second screw, a reciprocating screw being rotatably connected to the processing cross frame, the connecting arm being slidably connected to the processing cross frame, the reciprocating screw can drive the connecting arm to perform reciprocating motion, the second screw and the reciprocating screw are both driven by a servo motor, and the first screw is driven by the driving part through a speed change linkage mechanism.

[0022] Furthermore, the speed-changing linkage mechanism includes a driving shaft driven by the driving portion, a speed-changing mechanism, and an intermittent driving mechanism;

[0023] The speed change mechanism includes a first gear and a speed change wheel slidably arranged on the driving shaft, the driving shaft can drive the first gear to rotate, the second gear is rotatably connected to the frame, the first gear can be engaged with the second gear, and the second gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the pulley through a linkage shaft;

[0024] The transmission mechanism that this sliding part is connected with this main frame is that this main frame is provided with a plurality of sliding members, and this main frame is provided with a plurality of springs, and this main frame is provided with a plurality of adjusting devices.

[0025] Furthermore, the intermittent drive mechanism includes an active dial slidably connected to the active shaft, the active wheel can drive the active dial to rotate, a driven sheave is provided on the linkage shaft, the active dial and the driven sheave cooperate to form a sheave mechanism, and a mating slider is movably connected to the active shaft, and the mating slider can drive the first gear and the active dial to move along the axis direction of the active shaft.

[0026] Furthermore, the driving part includes a driving motor arranged on the frame, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to a driving gear, a gear table is slidably connected to the frame, and a connecting gear is rotatably connected to the gear table. The driving gear can drive the clamping part to move through the connecting gear.

[0027] The present invention also provides a process method for laser cladding processing of a coal mine hydraulic support, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: Confirm the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spray the prefabricated material;

[0029] S2: Control the movement of the clamping part to fix the workpiece X to be processed by laser cladding;

[0030] S3; adjusting the processing slide to place the laser cladding head in a suitable initial processing position;

[0031] S4; select and debug the drive unit and the speed-changing linkage mechanism to a suitable state according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad;

[0032] S5: Start the drive unit without starting the laser cladding head, determine the laser cladding head to perform the laser cladding processing route and correct it;

[0033] S5; start the drive unit and the laser cladding head to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X to be laser cladding processed;

[0034] S6: After the workpiece X cools down, the clamping part is controlled to remove the workpiece X and place it properly.

[0035] 1. Effectively prevent technical problems such as peeling, cracks, and pores that occur during processing in existing laser cladding equipment, and improve the quality and durability of the coating.

[0036] 2. It solves the technical problem that existing laser cladding equipment is highly targeted at the shape of the workpiece being processed. The same equipment can be used to complete laser cladding operations in different working conditions, including flat workpieces, the outer surface of cylindrical workpieces, and the inner surface of tubular workpieces. The same equipment can also complete laser cladding work on the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support, and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment.

[0037] 3. It replaces the existing laser cladding equipment. Its rotation and feeding and other actions are basically controlled by electricity, without the need for complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment, thus greatly reducing the cost of laser cladding equipment.

[0038] The foregoing general description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to limit the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by corresponding drawings. These exemplary descriptions and drawings do not limit the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are considered similar elements, and wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a clamping part and a driving part in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a spraying part in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a processing slide in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a laser cladding head in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a speed-changing linkage mechanism in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a speed change wheel and related structures in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of processing the inner surface of a tubular object in one embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support according to the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of processing a flat surface of a sheet object in an embodiment of a laser cladding device for a coal mine hydraulic support of the present invention.

[0049] 1. Frame; 2. Clamping unit; 21. Vertical frame; 22. Three-grip chuck; 221. Movable clamping jaw; 222. Fixed clamping jaw; 223. Connecting shaft; 224. Clamping gear; 23. Belt locking mechanism; 231. Locking block; 232. Guide wheel; 233. Locking belt; 234. Fixed plate; 235. Pin; 3. Spraying unit; 31. Spraying box; 32. Spraying head; 33. Spraying pipe; 34. Connecting buckle; 35. Extension rod; 4. Processing slide; 41. Base frame; 411. First screw; 42. Processing vertical frame; 421. Second screw; 43. Processing horizontal frame; 431. Reciprocating screw; 5. Connecting arm; 6. Laser cladding head; 61. Laser; 62. Beam splitter; 621. Beam splitter box; 622. Beam splitter group; 6221. Wedge-shaped beam splitter lens; 63. Beam splitter; 631. Beam splitter tube; 7. Driving unit; 71. Driving motor; 72. Driving gear; 73. Gear stage; 74. Connecting gear; 8. Speed ​​change linkage mechanism; 81. Active shaft; 82. Speed ​​change mechanism; 821. First gear; 822. Second gear; 823. Linkage shaft; 824. Pulley; 83. Speed ​​change wheel; 831. Main wheel disc; 832. Sliding member; 833. Adjusting block; 834. Wheel disc screw; 835. Abutment bolt; 836. Annular belt; 84. Intermittent driving mechanism; 841. Active dial; 842. Driven sheave; 843. Matching slider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to enable a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of the present invention, the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for reference only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. In the following technical description, for the sake of convenience of explanation, multiple details are provided to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments can still be implemented without these details. In other cases, to simplify the drawings, well-known structures and devices may be simplified for display.

[0051] In the description and claims of the embodiments of the present invention, as well as in the accompanying drawings, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used to distinguish similar items and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate to describe the embodiments of the present invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "including," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0052] In the embodiments of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "back", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the embodiments of the present invention and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific direction, or to be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Moreover, in addition to being used to indicate directions or positional relationships, some of the above terms may also be used to indicate other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0054] Unless otherwise specified, the term "plurality" means two or more and "plurality" means two or more.

[0055] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0056] like Figure 1-9 As shown in the figure, the present invention discloses a laser cladding equipment for a coal mine hydraulic support, which includes a frame 1, on which a clamping part 2 and a spraying part 3 are provided. The clamping part 2 is used to clamp the workpiece, and the spraying part 3 is used to spray prefabricated materials onto the surface of the workpiece. A processing slide 4 is provided on the frame 1, and a connecting arm 5 is provided on the processing slide 4. A laser cladding head 6 is provided on the connecting arm 5. A driving part 7 and a speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 are provided on the frame 1. The driving part 7 can drive the clamping part 2 and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 to move, and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 can drive the processing slide 4 to move.

[0057] The driving part 7 includes a driving motor 71 provided on the frame 1. The output shaft of the driving motor 71 is connected to a driving gear 72. A gear stage 73 is slidably connected to the frame 1. A connecting gear 74 is rotatably connected to the gear stage 73. The driving gear 72 can drive the clamping part 2 to move via the connecting gear 74. The driving part 7 provides power to the entire system through the driving motor 71. By engaging and disengaging the driving gear and the connecting gear 74, the three-grip chuck 22 in the clamping part 2 can be driven to rotate or not. When processing cylindrical or tubular objects, the connecting gear 74 can be moved by the gear stage 73 to engage with the clamping gear 224 and the driving gear 72 at the same time, forming a linkage. The three-grip chuck 22 is driven to rotate via the connecting shaft 223, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate. When processing a planar object, the connecting gear 74 is removed by the gear stage 73, and the three-grip chuck 22 is not driven to rotate.

[0058] The clamping part 2 includes a vertical frame 21 arranged on the frame 1, and a three-grab chuck 22 and a belt locking mechanism 23 are provided on the vertical frame 21. The three-grab chuck 22 includes two movable jaws 221 and a fixed jaw 222. The movable jaw 221 is rotatably connected to an abutment block, and the fixed jaw 222 is fixedly connected to an abutment block. The three-grab chuck 22 is rotatably connected to the vertical frame 21 through a connecting shaft 223. The connecting shaft 223 is fixedly connected to a clamping gear 224 at one end away from the three-grab chuck 22, and the driving part 7 can drive the clamping gear 224 to rotate.

[0059] The belt locking mechanism 23 includes four locking blocks 231 that are slidably connected to the frame 1. A spring is provided between the locking block 231 and the stand 21. A guide wheel 232 is rotatably connected to the locking block 231. A locking belt 233 is fixedly connected to the stand 21. A fixing plate 234 is fixedly connected to the stand 21. Two fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate 234. One end of the locking belt 233 is fixed to the stand 21 by a bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 234 by a pin shaft 235. When it is necessary to clamp a cylindrical or barrel-shaped object, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22 and use the conventional method of the three-jaw chuck 22 to clamp it stably. When it is necessary to clamp an object with a plane, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22, tighten the two movable jaws 221 and the fixed jaw 222, the abutment block on the fixed jaw 222 does not rotate, and the two abutment blocks on the movable jaw 221 are rotated to the horizontal, so that the three can cooperate to clamp and fix the object.

[0060] The processing slide 4 includes a base frame 41 arranged on the frame 1, and the base frame 41 is rotatably connected to the first screw 411, and the base frame 41 is slidably connected to the processing stand 42, the processing stand 42 is threadedly connected to the first screw 411, and the processing stand 42 is rotatably connected to the second screw 421, and the processing stand 42 is slidably connected to the processing cross frame 43, the processing cross frame 43 is threadedly connected to the second screw 421, and the processing cross frame 43 is rotatably connected to the reciprocating screw 431, the connecting arm 5 is slidably connected to the processing cross frame 43, and the reciprocating screw 431 can drive the connecting arm 5 to perform reciprocating motion, the second screw 421 and the reciprocating screw 431 are both driven by a servo motor, and the first screw 411 is driven by the driving part 7 through the speed change linkage mechanism 8. During use, the laser cladding head 6 can be moved in three directions through the base frame 41, the processing vertical frame 42, the processing horizontal frame 43 and their corresponding screws. Among them, the processing vertical frame 42 is mainly used to adjust the height of the laser cladding head 6. After the height is determined, it is no longer used. The base frame 41 and the processing horizontal frame 43 and their corresponding screws can be used to change the processing path of the laser cladding head 6.

[0061] The speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 includes a driving shaft 81 driven by the driving unit 7, a speed-changing mechanism 82, and an intermittent driving mechanism 84;

[0062] The speed changing mechanism 82 includes a first gear 821 and a speed changing wheel 83 which are slidingly arranged on the driving shaft 81. The driving shaft 81 can drive the first gear 821 to rotate. The second gear 822 is rotatably connected to the frame 1. The first gear 821 can mesh with the second gear 822. The second gear 822 is coaxially fixedly connected to the pulley 824 through the linkage shaft 823. The laser cladding head 6 can be indirectly driven to move by the driving device. Especially when processing the outer surface of a cylindrical object and the inner surface of a tubular object, after adjusting the size of the speed changing wheel 83 and starting the drive motor 71, the entire device can be driven to work by the same drive motor 71. There is no need for two or more motors to cooperate. The purely mechanical structure is stable and reliable, with a low failure rate, and is suitable for multi-frequency operation.

[0063] The speed change wheel 83 includes a main wheel disc 831 rotatably connected to the frame 1, a plurality of sliding members 832 are slidably connected to the main wheel disc 831, a spring is provided between the sliding member 832 and the main wheel disc 831, a wedge block is provided on the sliding member 832 toward the center of the main wheel disc 831, an adjustment block 833 is slidably connected to the main wheel disc 831, a wheel disc screw 834 is fixedly connected to the main wheel disc 831, a clearance hole is opened on the adjustment block 833 at the position of the wheel disc screw 834, and an abutment bolt 835 is threadedly connected to the wheel disc screw 834, and the abutment bolt 835 can be The adjusting block 833 abuts one side and drives the adjusting block 833 to slide on the main wheel disc 831. The several inclined surfaces of the adjusting block 833 abut the inclined surfaces of the several wedge blocks. The adjusting block 833 can simultaneously drive the several sliding members 832 to move toward or away from the center of the main wheel disc 831. An endless belt 836 is wrapped around the outer sides of the several adjusting blocks 833 and the pulley 824. The pulley 824 can drive the several adjusting blocks 833 to rotate via the endless belt 836, thereby driving the main wheel disc 831 to rotate. The main wheel disc 831 can drive the processing carriage 4 to move. During use, especially when processing the outer surface of cylindrical objects and the inner surface of tubular objects, the power transmitted by the drive motor 71 can be adjusted to obtain different angular velocities of the speed-changing wheel 83, thereby driving the first screw 411 to rotate at an appropriate speed, thereby driving the laser cladding head 6 to move at an appropriate and constant speed.

[0064] The intermittent drive mechanism 84 includes a driving dial 841 slidably connected to the driving shaft 81. The driving wheel can drive the driving dial 841 to rotate. A driven sheave 842 is provided on the linkage shaft 823. The driving dial 841 and the driven sheave 842 cooperate to form a sheave mechanism. A matching slider 843 is movably connected to the driving shaft 81. The matching slider 843 can drive the first gear 821 and the driving dial 841 to move along the axis of the driving shaft 81. During use, especially when performing S-shaped path processing for planar laser cladding, by adjusting the speed of the sheave mechanism and cooperating with the speed change wheel 83, the technical effect of rotating the first screw 411 at a certain angle at intervals can be achieved. In combination with the speed of the reciprocating screw 431 and its corresponding servo motor, a purely mechanical structure drive can be achieved to control the laser cladding head 6 to move along the S-shaped path. The purely mechanical structure is stable and reliable, with a low failure rate, and is suitable for high-frequency operation.

[0065] It should be noted that a laser 61 and a beam splitting device 62 are provided in the laser cladding head 6. The beam splitting device 62 includes a beam splitting box 621 provided inside the laser cladding head 6. A beam splitting mirror group 622 is provided in the beam splitting box 621. The beam splitting mirror group 622 is composed of several wedge-shaped beam splitting lenses 6221. Beam splitting tubes 631 are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head 6. A processing port is provided below the laser cladding head 6. A beam splitter 63 is provided in each of the two beam splitting tubes 631. The beam splitter group 622 can split the laser light emitted by the laser 61 into three parts, which are respectively directed to the two beam splitters 63 and the processing port.

[0066] With such an arrangement, during processing, the laser emitted by the laser 61 can be divided into three laser beams with appropriate energy through the beam splitter group 622. One of the laser beams is vertically downward and is focused by the lens for laser cladding processing. The remaining two laser beams are emitted obliquely, irradiated by the beam splitter 63, and then irradiated on the workpiece through the reflective port, forming an elliptical light spot with energy.

[0067] The elliptical light spot located in front of the processing port can preheat the prefabricated material that has not been laser clad. Since the appropriate light spot size and energy can be adjusted through the structure of the beam splitter 63 itself, the prefabricated material can be effectively preheated, thereby greatly optimizing the laser cladding effect and effectively avoiding the generation of cracks and pores.

[0068] The elliptical spot located behind the processing port can perform secondary heating on the surface of the workpiece that has been laser clad. At this time, the bottom of the prefabricated material after laser cladding processing has been fused with the workpiece, and the upper part is prone to peeling, cracking and other phenomena due to rapid cooling due to exposure to the air. At this time, secondary heating can slow down the cooling rate of the outer cladding material without affecting the fusion of the bottom cladding material and the workpiece. In this way, it is possible to effectively avoid technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and bubbles after the laser cladding operation while ensuring the excellent cladding effect of laser cladding, thereby ensuring the quality and durability of the coating.

[0069] Optionally, the spraying part 3 includes a spray box 31 and a nozzle 32 , a spray pipeline 33 is connected between the spray box 31 and the nozzle 32 , a connecting buckle 34 is provided at the nozzle 32 , and the connecting buckle 34 is detachably connected to an extension rod 35 .

[0070] The present invention discloses a process method for laser cladding processing of a coal mine hydraulic support, which comprises the following steps: S1: confirming a workpiece X to be laser cladding processed and spraying a prefabricated material;

[0071] S2: Control the movement of the clamping part 2 to fix the workpiece X to be processed by laser cladding;

[0072] S3; adjust the processing carriage 4 so that the laser cladding head 6 is in a suitable initial processing position;

[0073] S4; select and debug the drive unit 7 and the speed linkage mechanism 8 to a suitable state according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad;

[0074] S5; start the drive unit 7 does not start the laser cladding head 6, determine the laser cladding head 6 for laser cladding processing route and correct;

[0075] S5; start the drive unit 7 and the laser cladding head 6, and perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X to be laser cladding;

[0076] S6; After the workpiece X cools down, the clamping part 2 is manipulated to remove the workpiece X and place it properly.

[0077] This operation maximizes the use of this equipment for high-quality, high-stability, high-frequency, and high-safety laser cladding operations on various parts of coal mine hydraulic supports, ensuring cladding results. The same device can be used to laser clad the center column, piston rod, inner wall of the middle cylinder, support, and top frame of coal mine hydraulic support equipment. Furthermore, it replaces existing laser cladding equipment, whose rotation and feed are essentially all electronically controlled, eliminating the need for complex control systems and related auxiliary equipment, significantly reducing the cost of laser cladding equipment.

[0078] Application scenario of an exemplary embodiment:

[0079] The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports involved in the present invention is divided into two operating situations during actual operation;

[0080] 1. When performing laser cladding processing on the surface of a rotating object, such as the outer surface of a cylindrical object (i.e. the piston rod in a coal mine hydraulic support) or the inner surface of a round tube object (i.e. the inner wall of the cylinder in a coal mine hydraulic support):

[0081] According to the actual construction method, first confirm the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing and spray the prefabricated material, and then perform the clamping operation. When it is necessary to clamp a cylindrical or barrel-shaped object, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22 and use the conventional usage of the three-jaw chuck 22 to clamp it stably. When it is necessary to clamp an object with a plane, place it on the three-jaw chuck 22, tighten the two movable jaws 221 and the fixed jaw 222, and the abutment block on the fixed jaw 222 does not rotate, and the two abutment blocks on the movable jaw 221 are rotated to the horizontal, so that the three cooperate to clamp and fix the object.

[0082] Then, according to the surface of the workpiece X to be laser clad, the drive unit 7 and the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8 are selected and debugged to the appropriate state. It should be noted that first, according to the speed of the drive motor 71, the speed-changing linkage mechanism 8, the speed-changing wheel 83, the grooved wheel structure, the reciprocating screw and its servo motor are adjusted. The movement path and speed of the laser cladding head 6 need to be determined according to the specific workpiece processing surface and processing path before adjustment.

[0083] After the overall structure is adjusted, the driving unit 7 is started but the laser cladding head 6 is not started. The laser cladding processing route of the laser cladding head 6 is determined and corrected, so as to ensure that the laser cladding head 6, which is of high value and relatively fragile, is not damaged.

[0084] After the circuit adjustment operation is completed, the driving unit 7 and the laser cladding head 6 are started to perform laser cladding processing on the surface of the workpiece X that needs laser cladding processing. At this time, the specially designed laser cladding head 6 in the present invention can use the beam splitter group 622 to split the laser emitted by the laser 61 into three laser beams with appropriate energy. One of the laser beams is vertically downward and is focused by the lens for laser cladding processing. The remaining two laser beams are emitted obliquely, irradiated by the beam splitter 63, and then irradiated on the workpiece through the reflective port, forming an elliptical light spot with energy.

[0085] The elliptical light spot located in front of the processing port can preheat the prefabricated material that has not been laser clad. Since the appropriate light spot size and energy can be adjusted through the structure of the beam splitter 63 itself, the prefabricated material can be effectively preheated, thereby greatly optimizing the laser cladding effect and effectively avoiding the generation of cracks and pores.

[0086] The elliptical spot located behind the processing port can perform secondary heating on the surface of the workpiece that has been laser clad. At this time, the bottom of the prefabricated material after laser cladding processing has been fused with the workpiece, and the upper part is prone to peeling, cracking and other phenomena due to rapid cooling due to exposure to the air. At this time, secondary heating can slow down the cooling rate of the outer cladding material without affecting the fusion of the bottom cladding material and the workpiece. In this way, it is possible to effectively avoid technical problems such as peeling, cracking, and bubbles after the laser cladding operation while ensuring the excellent cladding effect of laser cladding, thereby ensuring the quality and durability of the coating.

[0087] Finally, when a workpiece is processed, wait for the workpiece X to cool down, operate the clamping part 2 to remove the workpiece X and place it properly. After completion, all structures are reset and no adjustment is required to achieve further processing.

[0088] The above description and accompanying drawings sufficiently illustrate the embodiments of the present invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Unless expressly required, individual components and functions are optional, and the order of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace portions and features of other embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic support, characterized in that: include: A frame (1), wherein the frame (1) is provided with a clamping portion (2) and a spraying portion (3), the clamping portion (2) is used to clamp a workpiece, and the spraying portion (3) is used to spray a prefabricated material onto the surface of the workpiece, the frame (1) is provided with a processing slide (4), the processing slide (4) is provided with a connecting arm (5), and the connecting arm (5) is provided with a laser cladding head (6), the frame (1) is provided with a driving portion (7) and a speed-changing linkage mechanism (8), the driving portion (7) can drive the clamping portion (2) and the speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) to move, and the speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) can drive the processing slide (4) to move; The speed-changing linkage mechanism (8) includes a driving shaft (81) driven by the driving portion (7), a speed-changing mechanism (82), and an intermittent driving mechanism (84); The clamping portion (2) includes a stand (21) arranged on the frame (1), a three-grip chuck (22) and a belt locking mechanism (23) are arranged on the stand (21), the three-grip chuck (22) includes two movable jaws (221) and a fixed jaw (222), the movable jaw (221) is rotatably connected to an abutment block, and the fixed jaw (222) is fixedly connected to an abutment block, the three-grip chuck (22) is rotatably connected to the stand (21) via a connecting shaft (223), and a clamping gear (224) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft (223) away from the three-grip chuck (22), and the driving portion (7) can drive the clamping gear (224) to rotate; The speed change mechanism (82) includes a first gear (821) and a speed change wheel (83) slidably arranged on the driving shaft (81); the driving shaft (81) can drive the first gear (821) to rotate; a second gear (822) is rotatably connected to the frame (1); the first gear (821) can mesh with the second gear (822); and the second gear (822) is coaxially fixedly connected to a pulley (824) via a linkage shaft (823); The speed change wheel (83) includes a main wheel disc (831) rotatably connected to the frame (1), a plurality of sliding members (832) are slidably connected to the main wheel disc (831), a spring is provided between the sliding member (832) and the main wheel disc (831), a wedge block is provided on the sliding member (832) toward the center of the main wheel disc (831), an adjustment block (833) is slidably connected to the main wheel disc (831), a wheel disc screw (834) is fixedly connected to the main wheel disc (831), a clearance hole is opened on the adjustment block (833) at the position of the wheel disc screw (834), an abutment bolt (835) is threadedly connected to the wheel disc screw (834), and the abutment bolt (835) can be The adjusting block (833) abuts against one side of the adjusting block and drives the adjusting block (833) to slide on the main wheel (831). The several inclined surfaces of the adjusting block (833) abut against the inclined surfaces of the several wedge blocks. The adjusting block (833) can simultaneously drive the several sliding members (832) to move closer to or away from the center of the main wheel (831). An annular belt (836) is provided around the outer sides of the several adjusting blocks (833) and the pulley (824). The pulley (824) can drive the several adjusting blocks (833) to rotate through the annular belt (836), thereby driving the main wheel (831) to rotate. The main wheel (831) can drive the processing slide (4) to move.

2. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding head (6) is provided with a laser (61) and a beam splitting device (62). The beam splitting device (62) comprises a beam splitting box (621) provided inside the laser cladding head (6). A beam splitting mirror group (622) is provided in the beam splitting box (621). The beam splitting mirror group (622) is composed of a plurality of wedge-shaped beam splitting mirrors (6221). Splitting tubes (631) are provided on both sides of the laser cladding head (6). A processing port is provided below the laser cladding head (6). Splitting mirrors (63) are provided in both of the splitting tubes (631). The beam splitting mirror group (622) can split the laser light emitted by the laser (61) into three parts, which are respectively directed to the two beam splitters (63) and the processing port.

3. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The belt locking mechanism (23) includes four locking blocks (231) slidably connected to the frame (1), a spring is provided between the locking block (231) and the stand (21), a guide wheel (232) is rotatably connected to the locking block (231), a locking belt (233) is fixedly connected to the stand (21), a fixing plate (234) is fixedly connected to the stand (21), two fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate (234), one end of the locking belt (233) is fixed to the stand (21) by a bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (234) by a pin (235).

4. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying part (3) comprises a spraying box (31) and a spray head (32), a spraying pipeline (33) is connected between the spraying box (31) and the spray head (32), a connecting buckle (34) is provided at the spray head (32), and the connecting buckle (34) is detachably connected to an extension rod (35).

5. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing slide (4) includes a base frame (41) arranged on the frame (1), a first screw rod (411) is rotatably connected to the base frame (41), a processing stand (42) is slidably connected to the base frame (41), the processing stand (42) is threadedly connected to the first screw rod (411), a second screw rod (421) is rotatably connected to the processing stand (42), a processing cross frame (43) is slidably connected to the processing cross frame (43), and the processing cross frame (43) is threadedly connected to the first screw rod (411). ) is threadedly connected to the second screw (421), a reciprocating screw (431) is rotatably connected to the processing cross frame (43), the connecting arm (5) is slidably connected to the processing cross frame (43), the reciprocating screw (431) can drive the connecting arm (5) to reciprocate, the second screw (421) and the reciprocating screw (431) are both driven by a servo motor, and the first screw (411) is driven by the driving part (7) through the speed change linkage mechanism (8).

6. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermittent driving mechanism (84) includes an active dial (841) slidably connected to the active shaft (81), the active shaft (81) can drive the active dial (841) to rotate, a driven sheave (842) is provided on the linkage shaft (823), the active dial (841) and the driven sheave (842) cooperate to form a sheave mechanism, and a matching slider (843) is movably connected to the active shaft (81), the matching slider (843) can drive the first gear (821) and the active dial (841) to move along the axis direction of the active shaft (81).

7. The laser cladding equipment for coal mine hydraulic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving portion (7) includes a driving motor (71) arranged on the frame (1), the output shaft of the driving motor (71) is connected to a driving gear (72), a gear platform (73) is slidably connected to the frame (1), and a connecting gear (74) is rotatably connected to the gear platform (73), and the driving gear (72) can drive the clamping portion (2) to move through the connecting gear (74).

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