Tunneling blasting construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling blasting construction, in particular to a tunneling blasting construction method. The method comprises the steps of blasting, tunnel ventilation and dust falling, deslagging and the like. An air supply pipe, an exhaust pipe and a mechanical ventilation machine tool are adopted for tunnel ventilation, the air supply pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, the exhaust pipe is arranged on the ground of the tunnel, and an air supply machine tool and the exhaust machine tool are arranged outside the tunnel and connected with the air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe respectively. The dust falling measures comprise water mist dust falling and muddy water collection, water mist dust falling adopts a water pipe and an atomizing nozzle, and the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the top of the tunnel and supplies water through the water pipe; a drainage device is adopted for muddy water collection, and a dust mist collector is connected with an exhaust pipe, so that effective collection and discharge of smoke dust and water mist are realized. Water mist smoke dust can be sucked into the dust mist collector, mixed and converged to form sewage and discharged through the exhaust pipe, and air pollution caused by the fact that smoke dust is directly discharged into the atmosphere can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation construction, and in particular to a tunnel excavation blasting construction method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel excavation is one of the important links in the construction of transportation facilities. The drilling and blasting method is often used for tunnel excavation. The core of this method is to excavate rocks through drilling, charging, blasting, slag removal, support and lining to achieve tunnel excavation. The advantages of the drilling and blasting method include flexible operation and applicability to various geological conditions, but it also has disadvantages such as relatively low safety factor and greater impact on the environment. With the development of technology, the drilling and blasting method continues to introduce pre-splitting blasting, smooth blasting and other technologies to improve blasting efficiency and reduce damage to the surrounding rock.

[0003] However, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of infrastructure construction needs, higher requirements are placed on the safety and environmental protection of tunnel excavation. Since blasting produces a lot of gravel and dust, it is difficult to eliminate it in a short time, which will have a great impact on construction.

[0004] In order to improve the construction environment, mechanical ventilation equipment is usually used in the tunnel to achieve ventilation inside the tunnel. However, the ventilation efficiency of mechanical ventilation equipment depends on the air volume and the ventilation effect in the tunnel. The control effect on smoke and dust is limited. At the same time, it is difficult to effectively remove the dust, gun smoke and harmful gases generated by blasting, which is not only not conducive to the safety of construction workers, but also affects the construction period. Summary of the invention

[0005] This application provides a tunnel excavation blasting construction method, which can quickly discharge smoke and harmful gases in the tunnel, significantly improve the quality of the construction environment, ensure the personal safety of construction workers, and improve construction efficiency. The following technical solutions are adopted: A tunnel excavation blasting construction method, including blasting, tunnel ventilation and dust reduction, and slag removal; Tunnel ventilation includes air supply and exhaust, using air supply pipes, exhaust pipes and mechanical ventilation equipment; the air supply pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and the exhaust pipe is arranged at the ground of the tunnel; the mechanical ventilation equipment includes air supply equipment and exhaust equipment, both of which are arranged outside the tunnel; the air supply equipment is connected to the air supply pipe, and the exhaust equipment is connected to the exhaust pipe; Dust reduction includes water mist dust reduction and mud and water collection; the water mist dust reduction uses a water pipe and an atomizing nozzle; the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and water is supplied to the atomizing nozzle through the water pipe; The mud and water are collected by a drainage device, which includes a dust and mist collector. The dust and mist collector is connected to the exhaust pipe. The smoke and water mist in the tunnel are collected by the dust and mist collector and then discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, between the blasting and slag removal steps, tunnel ventilation and dust reduction are used to discharge the gun smoke, dust and toxic gases generated by the blasting in the tunnel out of the tunnel, thereby effectively improving the internal construction environment of the tunnel, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of construction personnel. At the same time, it can also effectively improve the defects of low efficiency and poor dust removal effect of traditional mechanical ventilation, and effectively improve construction efficiency.

[0007] Specifically, the air circulation in the tunnel can be effectively enhanced through air supply and exhaust pipes and mechanical ventilation equipment, so that fresh air outside the tunnel can be introduced into the tunnel and smoke and dust in the tunnel can be quickly discharged. The use of water mist with good adsorption effect can accelerate the sedimentation of smoke and dust. Compared with spraying, the use of water mist dust reduction is less likely to cause water accumulation in the tunnel. The water mist smoke and dust can be sucked into the dust and mist collector and mixed, gathered to form sewage, and discharged from the exhaust pipe, which can also effectively prevent the smoke and dust from being directly discharged into the atmosphere and causing air pollution.

[0008] Preferably, the exhaust pipes are provided in two groups and are respectively located on both sides of the tunnel width direction; the air supply pipe is provided between the two exhaust pipes; the atomizing nozzles are provided in two groups and are respectively located on both sides of the air supply pipe width direction, and the atomizing nozzles are arranged toward the exhaust pipes.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust pipes are arranged on both sides of the tunnel width, the air supply pipe is located between the two exhaust pipes, and the atomizing nozzles are arranged on both sides of the air supply pipe and facing the exhaust pipe. This layout enables the air supply airflow to cover the entire tunnel cross section more evenly, effectively promotes air flow and smoke diffusion, speeds up the air renewal speed in the tunnel, and improves ventilation efficiency. At the same time, the atomizing nozzle is arranged toward the exhaust pipe, which helps to fully mix the water mist with the smoke and accelerate the settling of the smoke, thereby better playing the role of dust reduction and reducing the impact on the construction environment.

[0010] Preferably, the air supply pipe is provided with a plurality of air supply ports which are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air supply pipe; and the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the air supply ports.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple air outlets on the air supply pipe can be evenly distributed along the entire length of the tunnel, ensuring that all locations around the blasting area can obtain sufficient fresh air supply. The atomizing nozzle is set at the air outlet, which can release water mist while supplying air, accelerate the settling of smoke and dust, and improve the dust reduction effect. This design not only improves the overall efficiency of ventilation and dust reduction, but also effectively improves the air quality in the tunnel and ensures the safety and health of construction workers.

[0012] Preferably, the air supply port is arranged in a tubular shape, and the atomizing nozzle is arranged inside the air supply port; the water pipe is arranged inside the air supply pipe.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the air outlet is designed into a tubular structure, and the atomizing nozzle is set inside the air outlet, so that the air can directly drive the water mist spray during the air supply process, realizing the efficient mixing of water mist and air. This design not only improves the dust reduction effect, but also ensures that the water mist is evenly distributed in the entire tunnel space, further enhancing the ability to capture smoke and harmful gases. At the same time, the water pipe is set inside the air supply pipe, which reduces the space requirement for pipeline layout, simplifies the system structure, and improves the reliability and maintenance convenience of the system.

[0014] Preferably, a protective plate is further provided on the air outlet, and an opening is provided on the protective plate for air supply; an air supply head is provided in the opening, and the air supply head is arranged in a tubular shape, one end of the air supply head is an air inlet end and is hinged to the protective plate, and the other end is an air outlet end and is arranged to swing up and down; The protective plate is provided with an air guide plate, which is inclined and has an air guide surface facing downward; the air outlet end of the air supply head is arranged opposite to the air guide surface.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, during ventilation, the air exerts thrust on the air supply head so that the air supply port is automatically opened, which is more efficient.

[0016] Preferably, the tunnel ventilation adopts multi-stage air supply, and the multi-stage air supply adopts multiple air supply devices arranged at intervals along the length direction of the air supply pipe; the air supply pipe is composed of multiple sections of pipe bodies, and the air supply device is arranged between two adjacent sections of the pipe body; A guide rail is arranged on the top of the tunnel, and the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel; the pipe body and the air supply device are both slidably connected to the guide rail.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solutions, the tunnel ventilation system can quickly restore the air quality inside the tunnel after blasting. The multi-stage air supply design allows fresh air to be evenly distributed throughout the tunnel, improving ventilation efficiency. The sliding connection between the air supply equipment and the air supply pipe body allows the air supply equipment to be flexibly adjusted before and after blasting, reducing the inconvenience caused by fixed installation and ensuring the stability and reliability of the ventilation system. In addition, this structural design is also easy to maintain and overhaul, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0018] Preferably, before blasting, a distance is reserved between the air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe and the position to be blasted to reduce the impact of the explosion; after the blasting is completed, the air supply pipe is moved along the guide rail close to the blasting area.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, before blasting, the air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe are spaced apart from the location to be blasted to reduce the impact of the explosion and ensure the safety of the equipment. After the blasting, the air supply pipe is moved along the guide rail close to the blasting area, and the ventilation system is quickly started to remove harmful gases and dust in the tunnel in time, which significantly improves the quality and safety of the construction environment.

[0020] Preferably, the dust and mist collector comprises a cover body, one side of the cover body is open and serves as an air inlet, and the other side is connected to an exhaust pipe; the dust and mist collector also comprises a grille arranged at the air inlet.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, one side of the dust mist collector cover is opened as an air inlet, and the other side is connected to the exhaust pipe, ensuring that smoke and water mist in the tunnel can effectively enter the dust mist collector and be discharged through the exhaust pipe. The grille set at the air inlet can prevent large particles from entering the dust mist collector, protect the equipment from blockage or damage, and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

[0022] Preferably, a closing pipe and a booster fan are also provided between the dust and mist collector and the exhaust duct, the diameter of the closing pipe in the middle position is smaller than the diameter at both ends, one end of the closing pipe is connected to the dust and mist collector, and the other end is connected to the booster fan, and the booster fan is further connected to the exhaust duct.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the closing pipe can improve the mixing effect of water mist and smoke, and the water mist is more likely to form sewage after being pressurized, so as to be discharged through the exhaust pipe. In addition, adding a fan can also effectively ensure the wind pressure in the exhaust pipe, thereby ensuring the absorption effect of water mist and smoke, and ensuring the efficiency of smoke purification.

[0024] Preferably, the drainage device further comprises a spray assembly arranged inside the dust and mist collector, the spray assembly comprises a spray head, and the spray direction of the spray head is set from the air inlet of the dust and mist collector to the exhaust pipe.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the spray assembly can further mix the smoke and water to form sewage, so as to be discharged through the exhaust pipe, thereby preventing the smoke from being directly discharged into the atmosphere and causing pollution.

[0026] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By combining air supply pipes, exhaust pipes and mechanical ventilation equipment, the air circulation in the tunnel is effectively enhanced, the fresh air outside the tunnel is quickly introduced into the tunnel, and the smoke and harmful gases in the tunnel are quickly discharged, which significantly improves the quality of the construction environment. The atomizing nozzle accelerates the settling process of the smoke; the effective connection between the dust collector and the exhaust pipe realizes the centralized treatment of the mixed water mist and smoke, forming sewage and discharging it through the exhaust pipe, avoiding the environmental pollution caused by the direct discharge of smoke into the atmosphere.

[0027] 2. The air supply equipment and air supply pipe body are set up in a sliding manner, allowing the air supply equipment to be flexibly adjusted before and after blasting. Before blasting, the air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe are spaced apart from the position to be blasted to reduce the impact of the explosion and ensure the safety of the equipment. After the blasting, the air supply pipe is moved along the guide rail close to the blasting area, and the ventilation system is quickly started to remove harmful gases and dust in the tunnel in time, which significantly improves the quality and safety of the construction environment. In addition, this structural design is also convenient for maintenance and overhaul, extending the service life of the equipment. 3. By setting up a dust mist collector, a closing pipe and a booster fan, the mixing effect of water mist and smoke can be improved, and the water mist is more likely to form sewage after being pressurized, so that it can be discharged through the exhaust pipe, thereby facilitating subsequent harmless treatment and reducing pollution to the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in which the air supply pipe and the exhaust pipe are installed in the tunnel in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air supply pipe, the exhaust pipe, and the tunnel cross section in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air supply pipe, air supply port, protective plate, air guide plate, and air supply head in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0029] Markings in the attached drawings: 1. air supply duct; 11. air supply outlet; 12. protective plate; 13. air guide plate; 14. air supply head; 2. exhaust duct; 3. water pipe; 4. atomizing nozzle; 5. drainage device; 51. dust and mist collector; 511. cover body; 512. grille; 52. closing pipe; 53. booster fan; 54. spray assembly; 6. guide rail; 7. blocking device; 71. blocking net; 72. protective cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is combined with Figure 1-4 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0031] The blasting excavation of a tunnel includes multiple construction sections. The embodiment of the present application provides a tunnel excavation blasting construction method, which is mainly used in the construction of a single construction section. Specifically, it includes drilling, charging, blasting, tunnel ventilation and dust reduction, slag removal, and support steps. Among them, tunnel ventilation includes air supply and exhaust, using air supply pipe 1, exhaust pipe 2 and mechanical ventilation equipment.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2, the air supply pipe 1 is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and the exhaust pipe 2 is arranged at the ground of the tunnel; the mechanical ventilation equipment includes air supply equipment and exhaust equipment, both of which are arranged outside the tunnel; the air supply equipment is connected to the air supply pipe 1, and the exhaust equipment is connected to the exhaust pipe 2; the dust reduction includes water mist dust reduction and muddy water collection; refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 Water mist dust reduction adopts water pipe 3 and atomizing nozzle 4; atomizing nozzle 4 is arranged on the top of the tunnel, and water is supplied to atomizing nozzle 4 through water pipe 3; mud and water are collected by drainage device 5, and drainage device 5 includes dust mist collector 51, and dust mist collector 51 is connected with exhaust pipe 2, and smoke and water mist in the tunnel are collected by dust mist collector 51 and discharged through exhaust pipe 2.

[0033] The air supply and exhaust fans in the mechanical ventilation equipment can use centrifugal fans or axial flow fans. Both types of fans have good ventilation capacity and reliability. The power selection of the air supply and exhaust fans should be determined according to the length and cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel. The air supply and exhaust fans can be connected to the power supply through a cable, or they can be started and stopped by wireless remote control.

[0034] The air supply pipe 1 and the exhaust pipe 2 can be made of metal or plastic pipes, and the diameter can be determined according to the actual width and height of the tunnel. A filter can be set at the starting end of the air supply pipe 1 to prevent large particles from entering. The water pipe 3 in the water mist dust reduction can be a PVC pipe, and the water pipe 3 is arranged inside the air supply pipe 1, which can save space and simplify the installation process. The atomizing nozzle 4 can be a rotary nozzle or a porous nozzle, both of which can produce fine water droplets to effectively absorb dust and smoke in the air.

[0035] The air supply pipe 1 is provided with a plurality of air supply ports 11, which are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air supply pipe 1. The atomizing nozzle 4 is arranged at the air supply port 11, and the airflow provided by the air supply port 11 can be directly utilized to enhance the diffusion effect of the water mist. The atomizing nozzle 4 can adopt a rotary nozzle or a porous nozzle, both of which can produce fine water droplets and effectively absorb dust and smoke in the air. By placing the atomizing nozzle 4 at the air supply port 11, the dual distribution of air volume and water mist is achieved, which greatly improves the ventilation and dust reduction effects. It is suitable for long-distance tunnel blasting and excavation projects to ensure construction safety and environmental protection. The whole system is reasonably designed and easy to operate, which can significantly improve the working environment of tunnel excavation construction and improve work efficiency.

[0036] Further, see Figure 3The air supply port 11 is arranged in a tubular shape, and the atomizing nozzle 4 is arranged inside the air supply port 11. A protective plate 12 is also arranged on the air supply port 11 to prevent foreign matter from entering the air supply pipe 1 and protect the normal operation of the air supply system. The material of the protective plate 12 can be metal or plastic, both of which have good corrosion resistance and high strength and are suitable for long-term use. The thickness of the protective plate 12 is generally between 1-2 mm to ensure sufficient rigidity and durability.

[0037] The protective plate 12 is provided with an opening, and an air supply head 14 is provided in the opening. The air supply head 14 is provided in a tubular shape, one end of the air supply head 14 is an air inlet end and is hinged to the protective plate 12, and the other end is an air outlet end and is swung up and down. An air guide plate 13 is provided on the protective plate 12, and the air guide plate 13 is inclined and has an air guide surface facing downward; the air outlet end of the air supply head 14 is arranged opposite to the air guide surface. When the air supply device is working, the air supply head 14 automatically opens under the action of wind pressure, and air and water mist can enter the tunnel through the air supply head 14. And the air guide surface of the air guide plate 13 can guide the air and water mist to flow downward, thereby improving the ventilation and dust reduction effects. The automatic opening of the air supply head 14 does not require manual intervention, which is more convenient and efficient. It is suitable for tunnel projects with high dust concentrations, and the protective cover In the present application, one group of air supply pipes 1 is provided, and two groups of air supply pipes 1 are provided and are respectively located on both sides of the tunnel width direction, and the air supply pipe 1 is provided between two exhaust pipes 2. Two groups of atomizing nozzles 4 are provided and are respectively located on both sides of the width direction of the air supply pipe 1, and the atomizing nozzles 4 are arranged toward the exhaust pipe 2, which can better cover the entire cross-section of the tunnel and improve the ventilation efficiency.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the drainage device 5 used in the muddy water collection step, wherein the dust mist collector 51 includes a cover body 511, and the cover body 511 can be a metal shell or a fiberglass shell. One side of the cover body 511 is open and serves as an air inlet, and the other side serves as an air outlet. The air inlet can be set at the top or the side to facilitate the layout of the suction port. The dust mist collector 51 also includes a grille 512 arranged at the air inlet, which can prevent large particles from entering the dust mist collector 51, protect the equipment from being blocked or damaged, and improve the stability and reliability of the system.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 A closing pipe 52 and a booster fan 53 are also provided between the air outlet of the cover body 511 and the exhaust pipe 2. The diameter of the closing pipe 52 in the middle is smaller than the diameter of the two ends. One end of the closing pipe 52 is connected to the dust and mist collector 51, and the other end is connected to the booster fan 53, and the booster fan 53 is connected to the exhaust pipe 2, so as to realize the communication between the dust and mist collector 51, the closing pipe 52 and the exhaust pipe 2.

[0040] The smoke and water mist in the tunnel can effectively enter the dust and mist collector 51, and the closing pipe 52 and the booster fan 53 can enhance the mixing effect of the water mist and smoke, and the water mist is more likely to form sewage after being pressurized, so as to be discharged through the exhaust pipe 2.

[0041] Further, see Figure 4 The drainage device 5 further includes a spray assembly 54, and the spray assembly 54 is arranged inside the dust mist collector 51. The spray assembly 54 includes a spray head, and the spray head 54 can be supplied with water by the water pipe 3, and can spray water into the dust mist collector 51, further mix the smoke and water, and form sewage, so as to be discharged through the exhaust pipe 2, so as to avoid the smoke and dust being directly discharged into the atmosphere to cause pollution.

[0042] The present application realizes the rapid circulation of air in the tunnel through the effective coordination of the air supply pipe 1, the exhaust pipe 2 and the mechanical ventilation equipment, introduces fresh air into the tunnel and quickly discharges the dirty air containing smoke and harmful gases. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the water mist dust reduction and muddy water collection system enables smoke and water mist to be effectively captured and converted into sewage, which not only reduces the impact on the environment, but also improves construction safety. The whole system is reasonably designed and easy to operate, which can significantly improve the working environment of tunnel excavation construction and improve work efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, tunnel ventilation adopts multi-stage air supply, and the multi-stage air supply adopts multiple air supply equipment arranged at intervals along the length direction of the air supply pipe 1. The air supply pipe 1 is composed of multiple sections of pipe bodies, and the air supply equipment is arranged between two adjacent sections of the pipe body. A guide rail 6 is arranged on the top of the tunnel, and the guide rail 6 is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel. The pipe body and the air supply equipment are connected to the guide rail 6 in a hanging manner, and are all slidably connected to the guide rail 6. The guide rail 6 can be installed on the inner wall of the tunnel after the tunnel support construction is carried out to ensure stability.

[0044] Before blasting, the air supply pipe 1 and the exhaust pipe 2 are spaced apart from the position to be blasted to reduce the impact of the explosion; after the blasting, the air supply pipe 1 is moved along the guide rail 6 close to the blasting area, so that fresh air can be evenly distributed throughout the tunnel, thereby improving ventilation efficiency.

[0045] In order to cooperate with the blasting and excavation, after the blasting and excavation construction of one construction section is completed and before the blasting and excavation of the next construction section, the exhaust pipe 2 and the drainage device 5 can be moved toward the next construction section to ensure the smoke and dust removal effect.

[0046] The implementation principle of a tunnel excavation and blasting construction method in the embodiment of the present application is: in a single construction section of tunnel blasting and excavation, drilling, charging, blasting, tunnel ventilation and dust reduction, slag removal, and support steps are performed in sequence. Specifically, in the tunnel ventilation and dust reduction steps, tunnel air supply, water mist dust reduction, mud and water collection, and tunnel exhaust are mainly included.

[0047] In the tunnel air supply, the air supply pipe 1 and the air supply machine are used to effectively improve the ventilation effect inside the tunnel. The atomizing nozzle 4 is used to mix the water mist and the smoke and dust, and the heavy weight of the water mist is used to achieve the rapid sedimentation of the smoke and dust. At the same time, the tunnel exhaust is used to absorb the water mist and the smoke and dust. In addition, the dust and mist collector 51 is used to mix the water mist and the smoke and dust to form sewage, and the sewage is discharged from the tunnel through the exhaust pipe 2.

[0048] The above-mentioned tunnel excavation and blasting construction method can not only quickly discharge the smoke and harmful gases in the tunnel, significantly improving the quality of the construction environment, but also realize centralized treatment of the mixed water mist and smoke to form sewage and discharge it through the exhaust pipe 2, avoiding environmental pollution caused by direct discharge of smoke into the atmosphere.

[0049] In order to block the smoke or debris generated by the blasting, it is necessary to additionally use a blocking device 7, which includes a blocking net 71 and a protective cover 72. The blocking net 71 has a fine mesh and is made of steel with high strength. A support rod is provided on the surrounding side of the blocking net 71, which enables the blocking net 71 to be unfolded. The support rod is fixedly connected to the air supply pipe 1 and the dust and mist collector 51, so that the blocking net 71 is fixed in the tunnel. The support rod is connected to the air supply pipe 1 and the dust and mist collector 51 by bolts for easy installation and disassembly. A zipper structure can be provided on the blocking net 71, so that the blocking net 71 can be opened for people to pass through, and can also be closed to achieve the effect of blocking flying rocks caused by blasting.

[0050] The protective cover 72 is a thin film structure, which is arranged on the side of the barrier net 71 facing away from the blasting area, and is used to prevent the smoke and dust generated by the blasting from spreading to the tunnel entrance, so that the smoke and dust are concentrated in the blasting area, thereby facilitating centralized dust reduction. At the same time, the barrier net 71 can prevent flying stones from damaging the protective cover 72, ensuring the normal operation of the protective cover 72.

[0051] The periphery of the protective cover 72 is also provided with a support rod to unfold the protective cover 72, and the protective cover 72 is fixed to the air supply pipe 1 and the exhaust pipe 2 through the support rod. A zipper structure is also provided on the protective cover 72, so that the protective cover 72 can be opened for people to pass through, and can also be closed to prevent the spread of smoke and dust.

[0052] As the blasting progresses, the blocking device 7, the exhaust pipe 2 and the air supply pipe 1 can be synchronously moved to the blasting area to facilitate efficient blasting construction.

[0053] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method, characterized in that: Including blasting, tunnel ventilation and dust reduction, slag removal; Tunnel ventilation includes air supply and exhaust, and uses an air supply pipe (1), an exhaust pipe (2) and a mechanical ventilation device; the air supply pipe (1) is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and the exhaust pipe (2) is arranged on the ground of the tunnel; the mechanical ventilation device includes an air supply device and an exhaust device, both of which are arranged outside the tunnel; the air supply device is connected to the air supply pipe (1), and the exhaust device is connected to the exhaust pipe (2); Dust reduction includes water mist dust reduction and muddy water collection; the water mist dust reduction uses a water pipe (3) and an atomizing nozzle (4); the atomizing nozzle (4) is arranged at the top of the tunnel, and water is supplied to the atomizing nozzle (4) through the water pipe (3); The muddy water is collected by a drainage device (5), which comprises a dust mist collector (51). The dust mist collector (51) is connected to the exhaust pipe (2). The smoke and water mist in the tunnel are collected by the dust mist collector (51) and then discharged through the exhaust pipe (2).

2. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipes (2) are provided in two groups and are respectively located on both sides in the width direction of the tunnel; the air supply pipe (1) is provided between the two exhaust pipes (2); the atomizing nozzles (4) are provided in two groups and are respectively located on both sides in the width direction of the air supply pipe (1), and the atomizing nozzles (4) are arranged toward the exhaust pipes (2).

3. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air supply pipe (1) is provided with a plurality of air supply ports (11) which are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air supply pipe (1); and the atomizing nozzle (4) is arranged at the air supply port (11).

4. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air supply port (11) is arranged in a tubular shape, and the atomizing nozzle (4) is arranged inside the air supply port (11); the water pipe (3) is arranged inside the air supply pipe (1).

5. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air outlet (11) is also provided with a protective plate (12), and an opening is provided on the protective plate (12) for supplying air; an air supply head (14) is provided in the opening, and the air supply head (14) is arranged in a tubular shape, one end of the air supply head (14) is an air inlet end and is hinged to the protective plate (12), and the other end is an air outlet end and is arranged to swing up and down; The protective plate (12) is provided with an air guide plate (13), the air guide plate (13) is arranged obliquely and has an air guide surface facing downward; the air outlet end of the air supply head (14) is arranged opposite to the air guide surface.

6. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tunnel ventilation adopts multi-stage air supply, and the multi-stage air supply adopts a plurality of air supply machines arranged at intervals along the length direction of the air supply pipe (1); the air supply pipe (1) is composed of a plurality of pipe sections spliced ​​together, and the air supply machine is arranged between two adjacent pipe sections; A guide rail (6) is provided at the top of the tunnel, and the guide rail (6) is provided along the length direction of the tunnel; the pipe body and the air supply device are both slidably connected to the guide rail (6).

7. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before blasting, a distance is reserved between the air supply pipe (1) and the exhaust pipe (2) and the location to be blasted to reduce the impact of the explosion; after the blasting is completed, the air supply pipe (1) is moved along the guide rail (6) close to the blasting area.

8. The tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust mist collector (51) comprises a cover body (511), one side of the cover body (511) is open and serves as an air inlet, and the other side is connected to an exhaust pipe (2); the dust mist collector (51) further comprises a grille (512) arranged at the air inlet.

9. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A closing pipe (52) and a booster fan (53) are further provided between the dust and mist collector (51) and the exhaust pipe (2); the diameter of the closing pipe (52) at the middle position is smaller than the diameters at both ends; one end of the closing pipe (52) is connected to the dust and mist collector (51), and the other end is connected to the booster fan (53); and the booster fan (53) is further connected to the exhaust pipe (2).

10. A tunnel excavation blasting construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drainage device (5) further comprises a spray assembly (54) arranged inside the dust and mist collector (51), the spray assembly (54) comprising a spray head, and the spray direction of the spray head is arranged from the air inlet of the dust and mist collector (51) to the exhaust pipe (2).

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