Method and system for detecting abrasion degree of shield cutter head

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of detection systems, in particular to a method and a system for detecting the abrasion degree of a shield cutter head. In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, manual inspection or simple monitoring means are mostly adopted, and real-time and accurate wear degree evaluation cannot be achieved, the following technical scheme is provided: the machine comprises a cutterhead, and a plurality of groups of spokes are connected between the cutterhead and a machine body; the plurality of groups of vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors are mounted on the spokes; the data acquisition device is connected with the output ends of the vibration sensor, the stress and strain sensor, the acoustic emission sensor and the noise sensor; and the PLC device is connected to the output end of the data acquisition device and is used for controlling the working process of the whole system. According to the invention, the wear condition of the cutterhead can be monitored in real time, data analysis and evaluation are carried out, precise and efficient wear monitoring is carried out on the cutterhead, and the operation difficulty is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of detection systems, and in particular to a method and system for detecting the wear of a shield cutter head. Background Art

[0002] The shield machine is an important equipment for underground tunnel construction, and its cutter disc is subjected to great wear during the construction process. The wear degree of the cutter disc directly affects the construction efficiency and quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect the wear degree of the cutter disc in a timely and accurate manner. In the prior art, manual inspection or simple monitoring means are mostly used, which cannot achieve real-time and accurate wear assessment. In view of this, the present invention proposes a method and system for detecting the wear degree of the shield cutter disc. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a shield cutter head wear detection method and system to address the problem that the prior art mostly uses manual inspection or simple monitoring means, which cannot achieve real-time and accurate wear assessment.

[0004] On the one hand, the present invention proposes a shield cutter wear detection system, including a cutter disc, a plurality of spokes connected between the cutter disc and the body, and a plurality of vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors installed on the spokes; a data acquisition device connected to the output ends of the vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors; a PLC device connected to the output end of the data acquisition device, the PLC device is used to control the workflow of the entire system and coordinate data transmission and processing between modules; the output end of the PLC device is connected to a communication device, the communication device is used to realize data communication between components to ensure smooth information flow; a PLC device connected to the output end of the communication device A data processor and a memory at the output end, the data processor is used to analyze and process the collected data to generate an evaluation result of the cutter disc wear; the memory is used to store historical data and evaluation programs to facilitate subsequent analysis and comparison; a cutter disc damage evaluation program is set in the memory, and the cutter disc damage evaluation program evaluates the wear of the cutter disc based on the data processing results and gives corresponding suggestions; a display connected to the data processor and the output end of the memory, the display is used to display the wear evaluation results in real time to facilitate operator monitoring and decision-making; multiple groups of mounting mechanisms, the mounting mechanisms are installed on the side of the spoke, and are used to fix vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors.

[0005] Optionally, the mounting mechanism includes a positioning seat arranged on the side of the spoke, and multiple groups of guide rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the positioning seat, and sleeves are slidably sleeved on the guide rods. The ends of the multiple groups of sleeves away from the positioning seat are commonly fixedly connected to an extrusion plate, and multiple groups of first bolts are penetrated through the extrusion plate, and the first bolts are threadedly connected to the guide rods.

[0006] Optionally, a toothed plate is installed on the side of the extrusion plate close to the spokes.

[0007] Optionally, multiple side surfaces of the positioning seat are provided with clearance grooves.

[0008] Optionally, a first positioning component and a second positioning component for locking the sensor are also included.

[0009] Optionally, the first positioning assembly includes multiple groups of synchronization plates arranged on the side of the positioning seat away from the spokes, the multiple groups of synchronization plates are penetrated by second bolts, the second bolts are threadedly connected to the positioning seat, and the multiple groups of synchronization plates are commonly fixedly connected to a pressure plate.

[0010] Optionally, two groups of fixing plates are fixedly connected to one side of the pressure plate away from the positioning seat, a bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected between the two groups of fixing plates, the threads at both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod are in opposite directions, two groups of threaded sleeves are threadedly connected on the bidirectional threaded rod, two groups of limiting rods are fixedly connected between the two groups of fixing plates, the threaded sleeves are slidably connected between the two groups of limiting rods, and one end of the bidirectional threaded rod passes through the fixing plate and is fixedly connected with a third bolt.

[0011] Optionally, a first positioning plate is fixedly connected to one side of the threaded sleeve close to the positioning seat, and the first positioning plate is slidably matched with the pressure plate.

[0012] Optionally, the second positioning assembly includes two groups of symmetrically arranged sliding grooves opened on the inner side of the positioning seat, and a second positioning plate is slidably connected in the sliding groove. The two groups of second positioning plates are rotatably connected to the sides away from each other with a fourth thread, and the fourth thread is threadedly connected to the positioning seat. Both sides of the fourth thread are provided with stabilizing rods fixedly connected to the side faces of the second positioning plate, and the stabilizing rods are slidably connected to the positioning seat.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a detection method of a shield cutter head wear detection system, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Place the positioning seat on the side of the spoke, use a screwdriver to rotate the first bolt and tighten it, drive the extrusion plate close to the positioning seat, so that the extrusion plate drives the first bolt to contact the spoke, so that the positioning seat is fixed on the side of the spoke;

[0015] Step 2: Place the corresponding vibration sensor, stress and strain sensor, acoustic emission sensor and noise sensor into the corresponding positioning seat in sequence, rotate the fourth thread, and the fourth thread drives the second positioning plate to move, so that the second positioning plate is close to the sensor for positioning;

[0016] Step 3, placing the pressure plate on the side of the sensor away from the spokes, rotating the second bolt to bring the pressure plate closer to the sensor, rotating the third bolt to drive the bidirectional threaded rod to rotate, so that the two groups of threaded sleeves are closer to each other under the limiting action of the limiting rod, and the sensor is positioned;

[0017] Step 4, tightening the second bolt so that the pressure plate is pressed on the sensor, thereby completing the layout and installation of the vibration sensor, stress and strain sensor, acoustic emission sensor and noise sensor;

[0018] Step 5: Start the PLC device and perform a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and modules are working properly;

[0019] Step 6: During the operation of the shield machine, each sensor monitors in real time and sends data to the data acquisition device;

[0020] Step 7, the data acquisition device transmits the data to the data processor, and the data processor analyzes the data and calculates the wear degree using the cutter head damage assessment program;

[0021] Step eight, the evaluation results are displayed on the display, and the operator makes judgments and adjustments based on the real-time data. At the same time, the historical data and evaluation results are stored in the memory for subsequent analysis.

[0022] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] The present invention obtains the vibration, stress, sound wave and other information of the cutter disc in real time through the joint monitoring of vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors, and uses a data processor to perform comprehensive analysis on these data. Through the changes in acoustic emission signals, vibration characteristics and stress states, the system can calculate the wear degree of the cutter disc and display it on the display in real time. The PLC device ensures the coordinated work of various modules of the system and the timeliness and accuracy of data acquisition and processing.

[0024] Furthermore, by setting up the installation mechanism, it is convenient to adapt and install vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors of different shapes. At the same time, it is suitable for vibration sensors, stress and strain sensors, acoustic emission sensors and noise sensors of different models, with a wide range of applications, which effectively reduces the difficulty of procurement and installation;

[0025] In summary, the present invention can monitor the wear of the cutter disc in real time, perform data analysis and evaluation, and perform accurate and efficient wear monitoring of the cutter disc, thereby effectively reducing the difficulty of operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a shield cutter head wear detection system;

[0027] Figure 2 is an installation diagram of the installation mechanism;

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the installation mechanism;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first positioning component;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a shield cutterhead wear detection system;

[0032] Figure 7 The present invention is a work flow chart of a shield cutter head wear detection system.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Cutter head; 2. Spokes; 3. Vibration sensor; 4. Stress and strain sensor; 5. Acoustic emission sensor; 6. Noise sensor;

[0035] 7. Installation mechanism; 701. Positioning seat; 702. Guide rod; 703. Sleeve; 704. Extrusion plate; 705. First bolt; 706. Tooth plate; 707. Make way groove;

[0036] 71, first positioning assembly; 711, synchronous plate; 712, second bolt; 713, pressing plate; 714, fixing plate; 715, bidirectional threaded rod; 716, threaded sleeve; 717, limiting rod; 718, third bolt; 719, first positioning plate;

[0037] 72, second positioning assembly; 721, slide groove; 722, second positioning plate; 723, fourth thread; 724, stabilizing rod;

[0038] 8. PLC device; 9. Communication device; 10. Data processor; 11. Memory; 12. Cutter damage assessment program; 13. Display; 14. Data acquisition device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0040] The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] Example

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, the present invention proposes a shield cutter wear detection system, including a cutter 1, and multiple groups of spokes 2 are connected between the cutter 1 and the fuselage. This is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. It also includes multiple groups of vibration sensors 3, stress and strain sensors 4, acoustic emission sensors 5 and noise sensors 6 installed on the spokes 2. The vibration sensor 3 is used to monitor the vibration of the cutter 1 in real time during operation, and judge the degree of wear of the cutter by analyzing the vibration characteristics. The stress and strain sensor 4 is used to monitor the stress and deformation of the cutter 1 during operation, and help evaluate its structural integrity. The acoustic emission sensor 5 is used to detect the sound waves generated by the cutter 1 when it is working, and judge the degree of wear by analyzing the sound wave characteristics. The noise sensor 6 is used to monitor the noise changes of the cutter 1 during excavation, and provide additional information for wear assessment.

[0046] Specifically, the detection system further includes a data acquisition device 14 connected to the output ends of the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6. The data acquisition device 14 is used to collect signals. A PLC device 8 connected to the output end of the data acquisition device 14 is used to control the workflow of the entire system and coordinate the data transmission and processing between the modules. A communication device 9 is connected to the output end of the PLC device 8. The communication device 9 is used to realize data communication between the components to ensure smooth information flow. A data processor 10 and a memory 11 connected to the output end of the communication device 9 are used to analyze and process the collected data to generate an evaluation result of the wear of the cutter disc 1; the memory 11 is used to store historical data and evaluation programs for subsequent analysis and comparison. A cutter disc damage evaluation program 12 is set in the memory 11. The cutter disc damage evaluation program 12 evaluates the wear of the cutter disc 1 based on the data processing results and gives corresponding suggestions. A display 13 connected to the data processor 10 and the output end of the memory 11 is used to display the wear evaluation results in real time to facilitate operator monitoring and decision-making.

[0047] For further information, see Figures 2 to 5The above detection system includes multiple sets of mounting mechanisms 7, which are mounted on the side of the spoke 2 and are used to fix the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6. The mounting mechanism 7 includes a positioning seat 701 arranged on the side of the spoke 2, and two sets of guide rods 702 are fixedly connected on both sides of the positioning seat 701, and the positioning seat 701 and the guide rods 702 move synchronously. A sleeve 703 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 702, and a plurality of sleeves 703 are fixedly connected to one end away from the positioning seat 701 with a squeeze plate 704, and the squeeze plate 704 can be smoothly close to the positioning seat 701 under the limiting action of the sleeve 703 and the guide rod 702. Two groups of first bolts 705 are provided through the extrusion plate 704. The first bolts 705 are threadedly connected to the guide rod 702. After the first bolts 705 are tightened, the first bolts 705 can be close to the spokes 2, so that the two groups of first bolts 705 clamp the spokes 2 and fix the positioning seat 701 to the side of the spokes 2, so as to facilitate the installation of the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6 in the positioning seat 701. A tooth plate 706 is installed on the side of the extrusion plate 704 close to the spoke 2 to increase the friction force and prevent the installation mechanism 7 from sliding after installation. Multiple side surfaces of the positioning seat 701 are provided with clearance grooves 707. After the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6 are installed in the positioning seat 701, it is convenient to observe the working status and to facilitate wiring.

[0048] At the same time, the tooth plate 706 can also be arranged on the side of the spoke 2 away from the positioning seat 701, so that the tooth plate 706 and the extrusion plate 704 are overall L-shaped, so as to facilitate the mounting mechanism 7 to be clamped on the spoke 2 for fixation.

[0049] Furthermore, the detection system further includes a first positioning assembly 71 and a second positioning assembly 72 for locking the sensor. The first positioning assembly 71 includes four sets of synchronization plates 711 arranged on the side of the positioning seat 701 away from the spoke 2, and the four sets of synchronization plates 711 are all penetrated by second bolts 712, and the second bolts 712 are threadedly connected to the positioning seat 701, and the four sets of synchronization plates 711 are commonly fixedly connected with a pressure plate 713. The synchronization plate 711 moves synchronously with the pressure plate 713, so that after the second bolt 712 is tightened, the pressure plate 713 can be driven to press on the side of the sensor away from the spoke 2, so that the position of the sensor is fixed. Two sets of fixed plates 714 are fixedly connected to the side of the pressure plate 713 away from the positioning seat 701, and a bidirectional threaded rod 715 is rotatably connected between the two sets of fixed plates 714, and the bidirectional threaded rod 715 keeps rotating in place. The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 715 have opposite thread directions. Two groups of threaded sleeves 716 are threadedly connected on the bidirectional threaded rod 715. When the bidirectional threaded rod 715 rotates, it drives the two groups of threaded sleeves 716 to move in opposite directions. Two groups of limiting rods 717 are fixedly connected between the two groups of fixed plates 714, and the positions of the limiting rods 717 are fixed. The threaded sleeve 716 is slidably connected between the two groups of limiting rods 717. The limiting rods 717 are used to limit the threaded sleeve 716 so that the threaded sleeve 716 does not rotate and the movement of the threaded sleeve 716 is stable. One end of the bidirectional threaded rod 715 passes through the fixed plate 714 and is fixedly connected with a third bolt 718. The third bolt 718 is arranged to facilitate the rotation of the bidirectional threaded rod 715 to adjust the position of the threaded sleeve 716. A first positioning plate 719 is fixedly connected to one side of the threaded sleeve 716 close to the positioning seat 701. The first positioning plate 719 slidably cooperates with the pressure plate 713. When the threaded sleeve 716 moves, it drives the first positioning plate 719 to move synchronously, so that the first positioning plate 719 can clamp sensors of different sizes and is suitable for sensors of different specifications.

[0050] Finally, the second positioning assembly 72 includes two groups of symmetrically arranged slide grooves 721 opened on the inner side of the positioning seat 701, and the second positioning plate 722 is slidably connected in the slide grooves 721. The sides of the two groups of second positioning plates 722 that are away from each other are both rotatably connected with the fourth thread 723, and the fourth thread 723 is threadedly connected to the positioning seat 701. When the fourth thread 723 rotates, it moves along its own length direction, and at the same time drives the second positioning plate 722 to move synchronously. Both sides of the fourth thread 723 are provided with stabilizing rods 724 fixedly connected to the side of the second positioning plate 722, and the stabilizing rod 724 is slidably connected to the positioning seat 701. The stabilizing rod 724 is used to limit the movement of the second positioning plate 722, so that the movement of the second positioning plate 722 is stable.

[0051] In this embodiment, a shield cutter head wear detection system proposed by the present invention is in operation, such as Figure 7As shown, first, multiple groups of mounting mechanisms 7 are mounted on the spokes 2. When mounting the mounting mechanism 7, the positioning seat 701 is placed on the side of the spoke 2, and the first bolt 705 is rotated and tightened with a screwdriver to drive the extrusion plate 704 close to the positioning seat 701, so that the extrusion plate 704 drives the first bolt 705 to contact the spoke 2, so that the positioning seat 701 is fixed on the side of the spoke 2. At this time, the corresponding vibration sensor 3, stress and strain sensor 4, acoustic emission sensor 5 and noise sensor 6 are sequentially placed in the corresponding positioning seat 701, and the fourth thread 723 is rotated, and the fourth thread 723 drives the second positioning plate 722 to move, so that the second positioning plate 722 is close to the sensor for positioning. Then, the pressing plate 713 is placed on the side of the sensor away from the spoke 2, and the pressing plate 713 is moved close to the sensor by rotating the second bolt 712. The third bolt 718 is rotated to drive the bidirectional threaded rod 715 to rotate, so that the two groups of threaded sleeves 716 are close to each other under the limiting action of the limiting rod 717, and the sensor is positioned. Then tighten the second bolt 712 so that the pressure plate 713 is pressed on the sensor, thereby completing the layout and installation of the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6. Start the PLC device 8 and perform a system self-check to ensure that each sensor and module is working properly. During the operation of the shield machine, each sensor monitors in real time and sends the data to the data acquisition device 14. The data acquisition device 14 transmits the data to the data processor 10, and the data processor 10 analyzes the data and calculates the wear using the cutterhead damage assessment program 12. The assessment results are displayed on the display 13, and the operator makes judgments and adjustments based on the real-time data. The historical data and assessment results are stored in the memory 11 for subsequent analysis.

[0052] The present invention provides a detection method of a shield cutter head wear detection system, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Place the positioning seat 701 on the side of the spoke 2, use a screwdriver to turn the first bolt 705 and tighten it, drive the extrusion plate 704 close to the positioning seat 701, so that the extrusion plate 704 drives the first bolt 705 to contact the spoke 2, so that the positioning seat 701 is fixed on the side of the spoke 2;

[0054] Step 2: Place the corresponding vibration sensor 3, stress and strain sensor 4, acoustic emission sensor 5 and noise sensor 6 into the corresponding positioning seat 701 in sequence, rotate the fourth thread 723, and the fourth thread 723 drives the second positioning plate 722 to move, so that the second positioning plate 722 is close to the sensor for positioning;

[0055] Step 3: Place the pressure plate 713 on the side of the sensor away from the spoke 2, rotate the second bolt 712 to bring the pressure plate 713 closer to the sensor, and rotate the third bolt 718 to drive the bidirectional threaded rod 715 to rotate, so that the two sets of threaded sleeves 716 are closer to each other under the limiting action of the limiting rod 717, and the sensor is positioned;

[0056] Step 4: Tighten the second bolt 712 so that the pressure plate 713 is pressed on the sensor, thereby completing the installation of the vibration sensor 3, the stress and strain sensor 4, the acoustic emission sensor 5 and the noise sensor 6;

[0057] Step 5: Start the PLC device 8 and perform a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and modules are working properly;

[0058] Step 6: During the operation of the shield machine, each sensor monitors in real time and sends data to the data acquisition device 14;

[0059] Step 7, the data acquisition device 14 transmits the data to the data processor 10, and the data processor 10 analyzes the data and calculates the wear degree using the cutter head damage assessment program 12;

[0060] Step eight, the evaluation results are displayed on the display 13, and the operator makes judgments and adjustments based on the real-time data. At the same time, the historical data and evaluation results are stored in the memory 11 for subsequent analysis.

[0061] The above specific embodiment is only an optional embodiment of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention and the relevant inspiration of the above embodiment, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiment.

Claims

1. A shield cutterhead wear detection system, comprising a cutterhead (1), wherein a plurality of spokes (2) are connected between the cutterhead (1) and a machine body, and characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of groups of vibration sensors (3), stress and strain sensors (4), acoustic emission sensors (5) and noise sensors (6) installed on the spokes (2); A data acquisition device (14) connected to the output ends of the vibration sensor (3), the stress and strain sensor (4), the acoustic emission sensor (5) and the noise sensor (6); A PLC device (8) connected to the output end of the data acquisition device (14), the PLC device (8) is used to control the workflow of the entire system and coordinate data transmission and processing between modules; the output end of the PLC device (8) is connected to a communication device (9), the communication device (9) is used to realize data communication between components and ensure smooth information flow; A data processor (10) and a memory (11) connected to the output end of the communication device (9), the data processor (10) being used to analyze and process the collected data to generate an evaluation result of the wear degree of the cutter disc (1); the memory (11) being used to store historical data and evaluation programs to facilitate subsequent analysis and comparison; a cutter disc damage assessment program (12) disposed in the memory (11), wherein the cutter disc damage assessment program (12) assesses the wear of the cutter disc (1) based on the data processing result and gives corresponding suggestions; A display (13) connected to the data processor (10) and the output end of the memory (11), the display (13) being used to display the wear assessment result in real time, so as to facilitate monitoring and decision-making by operators; A plurality of mounting mechanisms (7) are mounted on the side of the spoke (2) and are used to fix the vibration sensor (3), the stress and strain sensor (4), the acoustic emission sensor (5) and the noise sensor (6).

2. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism (7) comprises a positioning seat (701) arranged on the side of the spoke (2), and multiple groups of guide rods (702) are fixedly connected to both sides of the positioning seat (701), and sleeves (703) are slidably sleeved on the guide rods (702), and the ends of the multiple groups of sleeves (703) away from the positioning seat (701) are commonly fixedly connected to an extrusion plate (704), and multiple groups of first bolts (705) are penetrated through the extrusion plate (704), and the first bolts (705) are threadedly connected to the guide rods (702).

3. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A toothed plate (706) is installed on the side of the extrusion plate (704) close to the spoke (2).

4. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple side surfaces of the positioning seat (701) are provided with clearance grooves (707).

5. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a first positioning component (71) and a second positioning component (72) for locking the sensor.

6. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first positioning assembly (71) comprises a plurality of groups of synchronous plates (711) arranged on a side of the positioning seat (701) away from the spokes (2), a second bolt (712) is passed through each of the plurality of groups of synchronous plates (711), the second bolt (712) is threadedly connected to the positioning seat (701), and a pressure plate (713) is fixedly connected to the plurality of groups of synchronous plates (711).

7. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two groups of fixing plates (714) are fixedly connected to one side of the pressure plate (713) away from the positioning seat (701); a bidirectional threaded rod (715) is rotatably connected between the two groups of fixing plates (714); the threads at both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (715) are in opposite directions; two groups of threaded sleeves (716) are threadedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (715); two groups of limiting rods (717) are fixedly connected between the two groups of fixing plates (714); the threaded sleeves (716) are slidably connected between the two groups of limiting rods (717); one end of the bidirectional threaded rod (715) passes through the fixing plate (714) and is fixedly connected to a third bolt (718).

8. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first positioning plate (719) is fixedly connected to one side of the threaded sleeve (716) close to the positioning seat (701), and the first positioning plate (719) is slidably matched with the pressing plate (713).

9. A shield cutter head wear detection system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second positioning assembly (72) includes two groups of symmetrically arranged sliding grooves (721) opened on the inner side of the positioning seat (701), and the second positioning plate (722) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (721). The two groups of the second positioning plates (722) are rotatably connected to the sides away from each other with a fourth thread (723), and the fourth thread (723) is threadedly connected to the positioning seat (701). Both sides of the fourth thread (723) are provided with stabilizing rods (724) fixedly connected to the side of the second positioning plate (722), and the stabilizing rod (724) is slidably connected to the positioning seat (701).

10. A detection method for the wear detection system of the shield cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Place the positioning seat (701) on the side of the spoke (2), use a screwdriver to rotate the first bolt (705) and tighten it, so as to drive the extrusion plate (704) close to the positioning seat (701), so that the extrusion plate (704) drives the first bolt (705) to contact the spoke (2), so that the positioning seat (701) is fixed on the side of the spoke (2); Step 2: Place the corresponding vibration sensor (3), stress and strain sensor (4), acoustic emission sensor (5) and noise sensor (6) into the corresponding positioning seat (701) in sequence, rotate the fourth thread (723), and the fourth thread (723) drives the second positioning plate (722) to move, so that the second positioning plate (722) is close to the sensor for positioning; Step three, placing the pressure plate (713) on the side of the sensor away from the spoke (2), rotating the second bolt (712) to bring the pressure plate (713) closer to the sensor, rotating the third bolt (718) to drive the bidirectional threaded rod (715) to rotate, so that the two groups of threaded sleeves (716) are closer to each other under the limiting action of the limiting rod (717), and the sensor is positioned; Step 4, tightening the second bolt (712) so that the pressure plate (713) is pressed on the sensor, thereby completing the installation of the vibration sensor (3), the stress and strain sensor (4), the acoustic emission sensor (5) and the noise sensor (6); Step 5, starting the PLC device (8) and performing a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and modules are working properly; Step 6: During the operation of the shield machine, each sensor monitors in real time and sends data to the data acquisition device (14); Step 7, the data acquisition device (14) transmits the data to the data processor (10), and the data processor (10) analyzes the data and calculates the degree of wear using the cutter head damage assessment program (12); Step eight, displaying the evaluation results through the display (13), and the operator making judgments and adjustments based on the real-time data, while storing the historical data and evaluation results in the memory (11) for subsequent analysis.

Images