Integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of lead-based reactors, and more particularly, to a nuclear energy storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function. The nuclear energy storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function includes a reactor core, a phase change energy storage device, and a heat energy utilization device; the reactor core is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the reactor core, and the phase change energy storage device is used to interact with the coolant in terms of heat, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the reactor core. The nuclear energy storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function provided by the present invention has a natural circulation flow rate that is not easily oscillated and divergent, and the fuel assembly is not prone to the risk of overheating and melting, and the structural components are not prone to thermal fatigue, and has high safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lead-based reactors, and more particularly, to a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function. Background Art

[0002] Due to the characteristics of high safety, easy miniaturization, and strong mobility, natural circulation lead-based small lead-based reactors are widely used in special scenarios such as deep space and deserts. Since the external operation requirements are not always at the rated power, it is necessary for the lead-based reactor to adjust its own power according to the external power demand. Currently, there are mainly two power adjustment methods: independent load following and passive load following.

[0003] Among them, the power of the lead-based reactor with independent load following can automatically change with the external load without additional intervention. It relies on the negative effective multiplication factor keff inside the lead-based reactor to function, and then changes the core power by adjusting the flow rate of natural circulation. However, during the independent load following process, due to the difficulty in matching the short-term temperature change with the flow rate change, the divergence of the natural circulation flow rate will occur, and the transient temperature fluctuations inside the core will also cause the oscillation and divergence of the flow rate. In addition, the response speed of the external load of the steam generator is relatively fast, while it takes a certain time for the core to re-establish natural circulation. Therefore, the response time is slow, which easily leads to too high core temperature. The drastic heating and cooling will cause thermal fatigue of the structural components; the core power cannot be reduced in a short time, resulting in the core bearing this part of the excess heat, which easily causes danger. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function to alleviate the technical problems of easy divergence of the flow rate, easy occurrence of thermal fatigue of the structural components, and high danger existing in the lead-based reactor with independent load following in the prior art.

[0005] The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function provided by the present invention includes a core, a phase change energy storage device, and a heat energy utilization device.

[0006] The core is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the core, and the phase change energy storage device is used to interact with the coolant in terms of heat, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core.

[0007] Preferably, as an implementable manner, a flow distributor is arranged on the inlet side of the core.

[0008] Preferably, as an implementable manner, the phase change energy storage device is installed in the flow distributor.

[0009] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a fixed reflector and an adjustable reflector are provided outside the core.

[0010] The fixed reflector is fixedly arranged around the core, and the fixed reflector has a notch for neutrons to escape; the adjustable reflector can block the notch of the fixed reflector, and the adjustable reflector can move relative to the fixed reflector to adjust the shielding area of the notch of the fixed reflector.

[0011] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflector can completely block all the notches of the fixed reflector.

[0012] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflector can completely open all the notches of the fixed reflector.

[0013] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflector is arranged around the core, the adjustable reflector has a notch for neutrons to escape, and the adjustable reflector can rotate around the core.

[0014] The fixed reflector is arranged between the adjustable reflector and the core, or the adjustable reflector is arranged between the fixed reflector and the core.

[0015] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the adjustable reflector has N rotating arc bodies for reflecting neutrons, and the N rotating arc bodies are arranged at intervals around the core; the fixed reflector has N fixed arc bodies for reflecting neutrons, and the N fixed arc bodies are arranged at intervals around the core; the N fixed arc bodies and the N rotating arc bodies are respectively evenly distributed around the core, and N is a positive integer.

[0016] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the central angle corresponding to the fixed arc body and the central angle corresponding to the rotating arc body are both 180° / N; and / or, N = 4.

[0017] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, a neutron shielding layer surrounding the core is provided outside the core, and both the fixed reflector and the adjustable reflector are located inside the neutron shielding layer.

[0018] Preferably, as an implementable embodiment, the thermal energy utilization device includes a steam generator.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The heat generated during the operation of the core can heat the low-temperature coolant, causing the temperature of the coolant to rise; when the high-temperature coolant after heat absorption flows through the thermal energy utilization device, it can release heat to the thermal energy utilization device, enabling the thermal energy utilization device to convert the absorbed thermal energy into other forms of energy to supply to the load, or directly supply thermal energy to the load to meet the working requirements of the load.

[0021] When the load operates stably, the heat released by the high-temperature coolant to the thermal energy utilization device remains unchanged, and the low-temperature coolant after heat release is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core. Since the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is the same as the preset inlet temperature of the core, when the low-temperature coolant after heat release flows through the phase change energy storage device, the phase change energy storage device will not interact with the low-temperature coolant in terms of heat, that is, the phase change energy storage device remains in a stable state, and the temperature of the low-temperature coolant basically does not change, and the core inlet temperature Tin correspondingly does not change either. When the load changes, the outlet temperature Tout of the thermal energy utilization device first responds and fluctuates. Before the low-temperature coolant enters the core, it will first pass through the phase change energy storage device. Since the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is the same as the inlet temperature of the core, the low-temperature coolant with temperature fluctuations will interact with the phase change energy storage device in terms of heat, so that the temperature of the low-temperature coolant flowing through the phase change energy storage device can be kept consistent with the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device to maintain the constancy of the core inlet temperature Tin; when the external load continuously changes, the phase change energy storage device will continuously compensate for the changes brought by the external load until it stabilizes; after the phase change energy storage device stabilizes, it will gradually be consistent with the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device. At this time, the core inlet temperature Tin gradually changes, the temperature of the core changes accordingly, the negative effective multiplication factor keff comes into play, and then the core power gradually changes accordingly, and a natural circulation is re-established.

[0022] Therefore, the integrated nuclear and energy storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following provided by the present invention can form a buffer for thermal changes through the phase change energy storage device, making the temperature change slowly, reducing the impact of instantaneous temperature changes on the balance of flow rate and thermal changes, and achieving a self-stabilizing effect. Thus, the natural circulation flow rate is not prone to oscillation and divergence, and the structural components are not prone to thermal fatigue; in addition, the phase change energy storage device can achieve energy interaction, greatly reducing the temperature fluctuations of the core while offsetting the temperature accumulation of the core, and the response time of the core no longer affects safety, enhancing the safety performance of the lead-based reactor. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Comparison diagram of the stability of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention and the lead-based reactor with autonomous load following in the prior art when the high load drops;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the changes in the core inlet and outlet temperatures and natural circulation flow rates of the lead-based reactor with autonomous load following in the prior art when the high load drops;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the changes in the core inlet and outlet temperatures and natural circulation flow rates of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention when the high load drops;

[0028] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of the stability of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention and the lead-based reactor with autonomous load following in the prior art when the low load rises;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the main structure of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the first state;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the main structure of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the second state;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the main structure of the integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with load autonomous following function provided by the present invention in the third state.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0033] 100 - Core;

[0034] 200 - Phase change energy storage device;

[0035] 300 - Thermal energy utilization device;

[0036] 400 - Fixed reflector;

[0037] 500 - Adjustable reflector;

[0038] 600 - Neutron shielding layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] See Figures 1-5 , this embodiment provides a nuclear energy storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function, which includes a reactor core 100, a phase change energy storage device 200, and a heat energy utilization device 300; the reactor core 100 is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device 300 is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device 200 is arranged on the inlet side of the reactor core 100, and the phase change energy storage device 200 is used to interact with the coolant in terms of heat, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the reactor core 100.

[0042] The heat generated during the operation of the reactor core 100 can heat the low-temperature coolant to increase the coolant temperature; when the high-temperature coolant after heat absorption flows through the heat energy utilization device 300, it can release the heat to the heat energy utilization device 300, so that the heat energy utilization device 300 can convert the absorbed heat energy into other forms of energy to provide to the load, or directly provide heat energy to the load to meet the working requirements of the load.

[0043] When the load operates stably, the heat released by the high-temperature coolant to the thermal energy utilization device 300 remains unchanged. The low-temperature coolant after heat release is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the reactor core 100. Since the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is the same as the preset inlet temperature of the reactor core 100, when the low-temperature coolant after heat release flows through the phase change energy storage device 200, no heat interaction occurs between the phase change energy storage device 200 and the low-temperature coolant. That is, the phase change energy storage device 200 remains in a stable state, and the temperature of the low-temperature coolant hardly changes, and accordingly, the reactor core inlet temperature Tin also does not change. When the load changes, the outlet temperature Tout of the thermal energy utilization device 300 fluctuates first. Before the low-temperature coolant enters the reactor core 100, it passes through the phase change energy storage device 200 first. Since the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 is the same as the inlet temperature of the reactor core 100, the low-temperature coolant with temperature fluctuations will interact with the phase change energy storage device 200, so that the temperature of the low-temperature coolant flowing through the phase change energy storage device 200 can be kept consistent with the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device 200 to maintain the constancy of the reactor core inlet temperature Tin. When the external load continues to change, the phase change energy storage device 200 will continuously compensate for the changes brought by the external load until it becomes stable. After the phase change energy storage device 200 becomes stable, it will gradually be consistent with the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device 300. At this time, the reactor core inlet temperature Tin changes gradually, the temperature of the reactor core 100 changes accordingly, the negative effective multiplication factor keff comes into play, and then the reactor core power changes gradually, and the natural circulation is re-established.

[0044] Therefore, for the integrated nuclear energy storage lead-based reactor with the load independent following function provided in this embodiment, the phase change energy storage device 200 can buffer the thermal changes, making the temperature change slowly, reducing the impact of instantaneous temperature changes on the balance between the flow rate and thermal changes, and achieving the self-stabilizing effect. Thus, the natural circulation flow rate is not likely to oscillate and diverge, and the structural components are not likely to suffer from thermal fatigue. In addition, the phase change energy storage device 200 can achieve energy interaction. While greatly reducing the temperature fluctuations of the reactor core, it offsets the temperature accumulation of the reactor core 100, and the response time of the reactor core 100 no longer affects safety, enhancing the safety performance of the lead-based reactor.

[0045] Specifically, refer to Figures 2-4, when the external load reduces power, the heat transfer capacity of the thermal energy utilization device 300 drops rapidly. Due to the existence of the phase change energy storage device 200, the excess heat of the superheated fluid at the outlet of the thermal energy utilization device 300 will be absorbed by the phase change energy storage device 200. Thus, the constant core inlet temperature Tin can be maintained. That is to say, the insufficient cooling capacity of the thermal energy utilization device 300 for the coolant caused by the reduction of the external load power is compensated by the phase change energy storage device 200. The core 100 still operates at full power, and the excess power is absorbed by the phase change energy storage device 200. Therefore, the load following and response time of the core 100 will not affect the safety of the core 100. When the phase change energy storage device 200 gradually saturates, the core inlet temperature Tin rises slowly. Since the change of the core inlet temperature Tin is slow, the core outlet temperature Tout has enough response time to increase the temperature. Therefore, the natural circulation flow rate will gradually decrease. Since this process changes slowly, the core 100 will not have the problem of overheating. Under the action of the negative effective multiplication factor keff, the reactivity of the core 100 gradually decreases. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is completely saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin is the same as the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device 300, and a new equilibrium is reached at this time.

[0046] Correspondingly, referring to Figure 5 , when the external load increases power, the heat transfer capacity of the thermal energy utilization device 300 rises rapidly. Due to the existence of the phase change energy storage device 200, the subcooled fluid at the outlet of the thermal energy utilization device 300 will absorb heat from the phase change energy storage device 200. Similarly, the constant core inlet temperature Tin can be maintained. That is to say, the excessive cooling capacity of the thermal energy utilization device 300 for the coolant caused by the increase of the external load power is compensated by the phase change energy storage device 200. The core 100 still operates at the original power, and the insufficient power is supplemented by the phase change energy storage device 200. Therefore, the load following and response time of the core 100 will not affect the safety of the core 100. When the phase change energy storage device 200 gradually saturates, the core inlet temperature Tin drops slowly. Since the change of the core inlet temperature Tin is slow, the core outlet temperature Tout has enough response time to increase the temperature. Therefore, the natural circulation flow rate will gradually increase. Since this process changes slowly, the flow rate of the core 100 is not easy to oscillate. Under the action of the negative effective multiplication factor keff, the reactivity of the core 100 gradually increases. When the phase change energy storage device 200 is completely saturated, the core inlet temperature Tin is the same as the outlet temperature of the thermal energy utilization device 300, and a new equilibrium is reached at this time.

[0047] A flow distributor can be arranged on the inlet side of the core 100 to utilize the rectifying effect of the flow distributor.

[0048] Preferably, referring to Figure 1, the phase change energy storage device 200 can be installed into the flow distributor to form a combined structure of phase change energy storage and flow distribution, realizing the functions of synchronous rectification and temperature regulation. Only the internal structure of the flow distributor needs to be designed so that the phase change energy storage device 200 can be installed, without changing the overall shape and size of the flow distributor. Therefore, there is no need to adjust other structures, which is beneficial to simplifying the structural design.

[0049] In addition, referring to Figures 6-8 , a fixed reflector 400 and an adjustable reflector 500 can be arranged outside the core 100. The fixed reflector 400 is fixedly arranged around the core 100, and a notch for neutron escape is arranged on the fixed reflector 400. At the same time, the adjustable reflector 500 is arranged to be able to block the notch of the fixed reflector 400, and the adjustable reflector 500 is arranged to be able to move relative to the fixed reflector 400 so that the adjustable reflector 500 can adjust the shielding area of the notch of the fixed reflector 400. Thus, the effective multiplication factor keff of the core 100 can be adjusted. The subcriticality (1 - keff) adjustment range is relatively wide, and when the reactivity of the core 100 fluctuates, the reactivity of the core 100 can be better adjusted. It should be noted that since the adjustable reflector 500 is arranged outside the core 100, the adjustable reflector 500 will not be affected by factors such as large buoyancy inside the core 100 and deformation of the mechanical channel during movement, and the smooth adjustment of the adjustable reflector 500 can be realized. Furthermore, the subcriticality of the core 100 can be smoothly controlled, and the safety is better.

[0050] During normal operation, adjust keff to 1.

[0051] Preferably, the adjustable reflector 500 is arranged to be able to completely block all the notches of the fixed reflector 400. In this way, the adjustable reflector 500 can cooperate with the fixed reflector 400 to completely wrap the core 100, so that the neutrons leaking from the core 100 are fully reflected. Furthermore, the maximum effective multiplication factor keff is achieved, and at this time keff > 1.

[0052] Furthermore, the adjustable reflector 500 is arranged to be able to completely open all the notches of the fixed reflector 400 to give full play to the functions of each notch arranged on the fixed reflector 400. At this time, keff ≤ 1.

[0053] Specifically, the adjustable reflector layer 500 is arranged around the core 100. A notch for neutron escape is provided on the adjustable reflector layer 500, and the adjustable reflector layer 500 is arranged to be rotatable around the core 100, making the operation more convenient. On this basis, it is optional to arrange the fixed reflector layer 400 between the adjustable reflector layer 500 and the core 100, or to arrange the adjustable reflector layer 500 between the fixed reflector layer 400 and the core 100, so that when the adjustable reflector layer 500 rotates around the core 100, it will not interfere with the fixed reflector layer 400. Thus, when it is necessary to adjust the effective multiplication factor keff of the lead-based reactor, the adjustable reflector layer 500 can be smoothly rotated to adjust the area of the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400 that is blocked.

[0054] In the specific structure of the adjustable reflector layer 500, N rotating arc bodies can be arranged. The N rotating arc bodies are arranged around the core 100 at intervals. Thus, there will be a notch between two adjacent rotating arc bodies. In the specific structure of the fixed reflector layer 400, N fixed arc bodies are also arranged. The N fixed arc bodies are arranged around the core 100 at intervals. Thus, there will be a notch between two adjacent fixed arc bodies. When the rotating arc body is opposite to the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400, the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400 will be blocked. The part of the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400 that is opposite to the notch of the adjustable reflector layer 500 is in an open state, and neutrons can diffuse and escape from this open part. Arranging the N fixed arc bodies and the N rotating arc bodies evenly along the core 100 can make the open parts of the reflector layer evenly distributed around the core 100, with better effects. Here, N is a positive integer.

[0055] Preferably, the central angle corresponding to the fixed arc body can be set to be the same as the central angle corresponding to the rotating arc body. In this way, the distribution uniformity of the diffused and escaped neutrons can be further improved, with better effects.

[0056] Preferably, the central angle corresponding to the fixed arc body and the central angle corresponding to the rotating arc body can both be set to 180° / N. Thus, by controlling the movement of the adjustable reflector layer 500 to adjust the overlapping area between the fixed arc body and the rotating arc body, see Figure 6 , when the adjustable reflector layer 500 completely blocks the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400, the core 100 can be completely wrapped, and at this time the effective multiplication factor keff > 1; see Figure 7 , when each rotating arc body partially overlaps with each fixed arc body respectively, the notch of the fixed reflector layer 400 can be partially opened, and the smaller the overlapping area between the rotating arc body and the fixed arc body, the greater the subcriticality (1 - keff), the smaller the effective multiplication factor keff, and the weaker the chain nuclear reaction of the core 100. See Figure 8, in extreme cases, each rotating arc body and each fixed arc body are adjusted to be completely coincident, the notch of the fixed reflection layer 400 can be completely opened, so that the shielding area of the adjustable reflection layer 500 for the notch of the fixed reflection layer 400 reaches the minimum. At this time, the effective multiplication factor keff is the smallest, keff < 1, achieving rapid and safe shutdown and avoiding the melting of the reactor core 100; see Figure 7 , during normal operation, the movement of the adjustable reflection layer 500 can be controlled so that half of the area of the rotating arc body coincides with the fixed arc body. At this time, keff = 1.

[0057] Specifically, N can be taken as 4. See Figure 6 , each rotating arc body and each fixed arc body can be completely staggered. The state when the adjustable reflection layer 500 completely shields the notch of the fixed reflection layer 400 is taken as the initial state. At this time, the reactor core 100 can be completely wrapped, and the reactivity of the reactor core 100 is the largest, and the effective multiplication factor keff of the reactor core > 1; see Figure 8 , when the adjustable reflection layer 500 is controlled to rotate 45°, each rotating arc body and each fixed arc body are completely coincident, and the notch of the fixed reflection layer 400 can be completely opened. At this time, the effective multiplication factor keff is the smallest, keff < 1, achieving rapid and safe shutdown.

[0058] See Figures 6-8 , a neutron shielding layer 600 surrounding the reactor core 100 can be provided outside the reactor core 100, and both the fixed reflection layer 400 and the adjustable reflection layer 500 are arranged inside the neutron shielding layer 600, that is, the neutron shielding layer 600 is arranged on the outermost layer. This neutron shielding layer 600 can prevent the diffusion of radioactive particles and improve safety.

[0059] As an alternative solution, the subcriticality of the reactor core 100 can also be adjusted by controlling the diffusion and reflection of neutrons through other external devices.

[0060] Specifically, the steam generator can be used as the above-mentioned heat energy utilization device 300. Of course, other devices that can absorb and utilize heat can also be selected as the above-mentioned heat energy utilization device 300.

[0061] The phase change heat Q of the phase change energy storage device 200 p can be expressed as: Q p =h*m pcm ; where h is the phase change enthalpy and m pcm is the total energy of the phase change energy storage device 200.

[0062] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention disclose a nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function, which overcomes many technical defects of traditional lead-based reactors with independent load following, such as: easy divergence of flow rate, easy occurrence of thermal fatigue in structural components, and high danger. The nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load independent following function provided by the embodiments of the present invention forms a buffer for thermal changes through the phase change energy storage device 200, making the temperature change slowly, which can reduce the impact of instantaneous temperature change on the balance of flow rate and thermal change, and realizes the self-stabilization of natural circulation disturbance. Therefore, the natural circulation flow rate is not easy to oscillate and diverge, and the structural components are not easy to undergo thermal fatigue. In addition, the phase change energy storage device 200 can achieve energy interaction, greatly reducing the temperature fluctuation of the reactor core 100 while offsetting the temperature accumulation of the reactor core 100, and the response time of the reactor core 100 no longer affects safety, which can enhance the safety performance of the lead-based reactor.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "installation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear storage integrated lead-based reactor with a load autonomous following function, characterized in that, It includes a core, a phase change energy storage device and a heat energy utilization device; The core is used to heat the coolant, and the heat energy utilization device is used to absorb the heat in the coolant; the phase change energy storage device is arranged on the inlet side of the core, the phase change energy storage device is used to interact with the coolant in terms of heat, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage device is consistent with the preset inlet temperature of the core; A flow distributor is arranged on the inlet side of the core.

2. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 1, wherein, The phase change energy storage device is installed in the flow distributor.

3. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A fixed reflector and an adjustable reflector are arranged outside the core; The fixed reflector is fixedly arranged around the core, and the fixed reflector has a notch for neutrons to escape; the adjustable reflector can block the notch of the fixed reflector, and the adjustable reflector can move relative to the fixed reflector to adjust the blocking area of the notch of the fixed reflector.

4. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 3, wherein, The adjustable reflector can completely block all the notches of the fixed reflector.

5. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustable reflector can completely open all the notches of the fixed reflector.

6. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 3, wherein, The adjustable reflector is arranged around the core, the adjustable reflector has a notch for neutrons to escape, and the adjustable reflector can rotate around the core; The fixed reflector is arranged between the adjustable reflector and the core, or, the adjustable reflector is arranged between the fixed reflector and the core.

7. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustable reflector has N rotating arc bodies for reflecting neutrons, and the N rotating arc bodies are arranged around the core at intervals; the fixed reflector has N fixed arc bodies for reflecting neutrons, and the N fixed arc bodies are arranged around the core at intervals; The N fixed arc bodies and the N rotating arc bodies are respectively evenly distributed around the core, and N is a positive integer.

8. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 7, characterized in that, The central angle corresponding to the fixed arc body and the central angle corresponding to the rotating arc body are both 180° / N; And / or, N = 4.

9. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 3, characterized in that, A neutron shielding layer surrounding the core is arranged outside the core, and both the fixed reflector and the adjustable reflector are located inside the neutron shielding layer.

10. The integrated nuclear storage lead-based reactor with the function of autonomous load following according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The heat energy utilization device includes a steam generator.

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