A frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on channel mutual coupling mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vacuum microwave device in the field of high-power microwave technology, in particular to a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism; the dependence of a traditional relativistic klystron amplifier and a traction phase-locked oscillator on an external seed source is overcome, and a field interaction between two mutually independent relativistic Cherenkov oscillators can be achieved by reasonably designing a coupling structure; without the need for an external injection signal, the natural frequencies of the two systems are both pulled and experience a period of nonlinear frequency chirp, and finally the frequencies of the two relativistic Cherenkov oscillators are both pulled to the same frequency point, thereby achieving frequency-locked and phase-locked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electric vacuum microwave device in the field of high-power microwave technology, in particular to a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator (RCO) based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwave (HPM) is usually defined as an electromagnetic wave with a peak power exceeding 100 MW and a wavelength range of 1 mm to 1 m (i.e., a frequency of 300 MHz to 300 GHz). In the 1970s, with the rapid development of pulse power technology, high-current relativistic electron beams with voltages of hundreds of kilovolts and currents of tens of kiloamperes were generated. Such electron beams were applied to traditional vacuum electron microwave devices, thus achieving an HPM output of more than 100 megawatts. At the same time, in-depth research in fields such as relativistic vacuum electronics and plasma physics laid a theoretical foundation for the emergence of HPM. In the past fifty years, with the increasing demand in the defense and industrial fields, HPM technology has made great progress.

[0003] At present, the microwave power generated by a single HPM generator can reach 1~5 GW. However, due to the limitations of physical mechanisms, material properties and manufacturing processes, the output power of a single HPM generator has an upper limit. In order to further increase the power of radiated microwaves, researchers have proposed to coherently combine the microwaves generated by multiple HPM generators to obtain N 2 times the peak power density ( N is the number of high-power microwave sources). To achieve efficient coherent synthesis, each HPM device needs to have a consistent output frequency and a stable phase difference, which makes frequency-locked and phase-locked HPM generation devices a research hotspot. According to existing research results, frequency-locked and phase-locked HPM device technology can be summarized into three technical routes, namely, relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA), traction phase-locked oscillator, and interlocked magnetron.

[0004] In 2017, Jinchuan Ju et al. from the National University of Defense Technology studied an improved X-band triaxial klystron amplifier [Jinchuan Ju, Jun Zhang, Ting Shu, and Huihuang Zhong. AnImproved X-BandTriaxial Klystron Amplifier for Gigawatt Long-Pulse High-Power Microwave Generation[J].IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2017, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 5890-5896] (hereinafter referred to as prior art 1, such as Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1). The structure consists of an input cavity, a reflection cavity, a drift section, a cluster cavity, an extraction cavity, a collector, a feedback loop, a support rod, an output waveguide and two sections of a solenoid magnetic field. The overall structure is rotationally symmetric about the central axis. By injecting a stable external seed signal into the input cavity, a high-frequency electromagnetic field consistent with the frequency of the signal is excited in the cavity. When the electron beam passes through the gap of the input cavity, the electromagnetic field in the gap modulates the velocity of the electron beam, and the electron beam gradually forms a cluster when passing through the drift tube after the input cavity. The spatial frequency of this clustered electron is consistent with the frequency of the seed signal, thereby achieving frequency locking. In the frequency-locked state, the phase difference between the HPM output by the RKA and the seed source microwave remains constant, achieving phase locking. Experimental results show that the device can generate HPM radiation with a power of 1.1 GW, and the frequency of the generated microwave is consistent with the seed source frequency, both of which are 9.375 GHz, and the phase can be locked for more than 90 ns. Due to the use of an externally fed input cavity structure, the guiding magnetic field consists of two sections of a solenoid magnetic field, and the magnetic field coil design is more complicated. In addition, this type of RKA device requires an external seed source to phase-lock the output microwave, and the external seed source also increases the system volume.

[0005] In 2011, Xiao Renzhen and others from the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology studied a phase-controllable high-power and high-efficiency klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator [Renzhen Xiao, Changhua Chen, Wei Song, et al. RF phase control in a high-power high-efficiency klystron-like relativistic backward wave oscillator [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, Vol. 110, No.1, pp. 13301-13301] (hereinafter referred to as prior art 2, such as Figure 2As shown). The structure consists of an annular cathode, a magnetic field, an input cavity, a resonant reflector, an insertion block, a first slow-wave structure, a modulation cavity, a second slow-wave structure, a coaxial waveguide, and a double-gap extraction cavity. The entire device is rotationally symmetrical about the center. This scheme introduces an input cavity and a coaxial waveguide on the basis of the original klyometric relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), and pulls the external signal between the RBWO diode region and the beam-wave action region to phase-pull the electron beam, thereby achieving phase locking of the device output microwaves. However, in order to improve the efficiency of the klyometric RBWO, both the injection cavity and the resonant reflector cavity need to strongly pre-modulate the electron beam, and the external signal injected into the injection cavity needs a higher power to avoid being masked by the signal of the strong RF field generated by the self-excited oscillation. Despite this, this structure cannot achieve frequency locking. Only when the frequency of the external signal differs from the output operating frequency of the free-running klyometric RBWO by less than 15MHz, the device can output a phase-controllable microwave with a power of 10GW. However, the external signal power required at this time is as high as 10MW, which requires a very high power of the external seed source and is difficult to achieve in practice. In addition, the magnetic field required for this type of speed-regulated RBWO is usually greater than 2T, resulting in very large excitation energy consumption.

[0006] In 2023, Li Tianming and others from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China studied an all-cavity extraction (ACE) phase-locked relativistic magnetron (RM) with an azimuth-uniform coupling structure for coherent synthesis [Renjie Cheng, Renzhen Xiao, Tianming Li, et al. Phase-Locked All-Cavity-Extraction Relativistic Magnetrons With Azimuth-Uniform Coupling Structure for Coherent Combining Applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2023, Vol. 70, No. 11, pp. 5890-5896] (hereinafter referred to as prior art 3, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown). The structure consists of a cathode, an anode, a magnetic field, a coupling ring, a coupling port, a fan-shaped waveguide, and an output waveguide. The four coupling ports of the central ACE-RM (RM #1) couple the microwave signals from the fan-shaped waveguide and transmit these signals to the four peripheral ACE-RMs (RM #2-5) through the coupling ring. In this way, the central ACE-RM can couple energy with the peripheral ACE-RMs to achieve frequency and phase locking. The simulation results show that effective phase locking is achieved between the five RMs, and the relative phase jitter is controlled within ±1%. Each RM completes frequency locking within 30 ns after startup and stabilizes at 2.302GHz. However, the operating frequency of RM is usually low, and its power capacity is limited in the high frequency band, making it difficult to meet the application requirements of the high frequency band. At the same time, its cathode life is limited, which affects the long-term stability of the device.

[0007] At present, the frequency-locked phase-locked phase-locked phase-locked phase-locked oscillator of RKA can be achieved by injecting external signals (seed source signals), but the research and development of solid-state small seed sources still needs to be broken through to improve the compactness of the system. Although the interlocked magnetron does not require an external seed source, its cathode life is limited, which affects the long-term stability of the device. In addition, RM is limited by factors such as power capacity and mode competition in the high frequency band. The research on frequency-locked phase-locked RM is mostly concentrated in low frequency bands such as L, S or C, and the output is lower in higher frequency bands such as X. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a compact X-band frequency-locked phase-locked HPM device that does not rely on external injection signals. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the present invention provides a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism, which overcomes the dependence of traditional RKA and traction phase-locked oscillators on external seed sources, and can achieve field interaction between two independent RCOs by rationally designing the coupling structure. Without the need for external injection signals, the natural frequencies of the two systems will be pulled, and after a period of nonlinear frequency chirping, the frequencies of the two RCOs will eventually be pulled to the same frequency point, achieving frequency-locked and phase-locked.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0010] A frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism includes a first oscillator A, a second oscillator B and a rectangular waveguide 313. The first oscillator A is composed of a first cathode seat 301A, a first cathode 302A, a first anode cylinder 303A, a first reflection cavity 304A, a first drift section 305A, a first non-periodic slow wave structure 306A, a first coupling slot 307A, a first coupling waveguide 308A, a first extraction cavity 309A, a first collector 310A, a first output waveguide 311A, and a first solenoid magnetic field 312A. The second oscillator B is composed of a second cathode seat 301B, a second cathode 302B, a second anode cylinder 303B, a second reflection cavity 304B, a second drift section 305B, a second non-periodic slow wave structure 306B, a second coupling slot 307B, a second coupling waveguide 308B, a second extraction cavity 309B, a second collector 310B, a second output waveguide 311B, and a second solenoid magnetic field 312B; the left ends of the first cathode seat 301A and the second cathode seat 301B are both connected to the anode of an external pulse driving source, the left ends of the first anode cylinder 303A and the second anode cylinder 303B are both connected to the outer conductor of the external pulse driving source, the right ends of the first output waveguide 311A ​​and the second output waveguide 311B are respectively connected to a mode converter and an antenna, one end of the rectangular waveguide 313 is connected to the outlet of the first coupling waveguide 308A, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the second coupling waveguide 308B.

[0011] The first cathode 302A is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2 mm and a radius of R 1 The first anode tube 303A is a cylindrical tube, which is divided into two sections: one section is the inner radius R 20 ,long L 35 A cylindrical tube with a smooth inner wall and the other section has the maximum inner radius R 2 , minimum inner radius R 5 A cylindrical tube with irregular inner wall. L 35 The value of the working wavelength is λ 2-2.3 times of R 20 >R 2 >R 5 The first reflection cavity 304A consists of a disc-shaped cavity, two trapezoidal steps and two trapezoidal circular cavities: the radius of the disc-shaped cavity is R 2 , the length is L 1 , L1 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of the length of the first trapezoidal step, the lower base (the side close to the radial inner side is taken as the lower base, and the side close to the radial outer side is taken as the upper base, the same below) is L 2 , the radius of the lower base is R 3 , the hypotenuse width is L 3 , L 2 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.03-0.1 times, L 3 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times the width of the upper base of the first trapezoidal ring cavity L 4 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width is L 5 , L 4 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 5 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times of the length of the lower base of the second trapezoidal step. L 6 , the radius of the lower base is R 5 , the hypotenuse width is L 3 , L 6 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times the width of the upper base of the second trapezoidal ring cavity L 7 , the radius of the upper base is R 6 , the hypotenuse width is L 8 , L 7 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 8 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 3 >R 5 , R 4 >R6 ; The length of drift section 305A is L 9 , the radius is R 7 , L 9 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.6-0.8 times of R 7 =R 3 The first non-periodic slow-wave structure 306A is composed of eight slow-wave blades, each of which is composed of a trapezoidal annular cavity and a trapezoidal step: the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the first slow-wave blade is L 10 , upper base width L 11 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 7 , the length of the lower base is L 12 , the radius of the lower base is R 7 , L 10 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 11 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.15 times, L 12 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.3-0.5 times of the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the second slow wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 13 , the radius of the upper base is R 8 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 8 , the length of the lower base is L 7 , the radius of the lower base is R 9 , L 13 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.2-0.4 times of R 8 >R 4 , R 7 >R 9>R 5 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the third slow-wave blade is L 3 , upper base width L 14 , the radius of the upper base is R 10 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 8 , the length of the lower base is L 11 , the radius of the lower base is R 9 , L 14 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.2 times of the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the fourth slow-wave blade is L 15 , upper base width L 5 , the radius of the upper base is R 10 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 16 , the length of the lower base is L 3 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 15 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 16 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 11 =R 5 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the fifth slow-wave blade is L 3 , upper base width L 7 , the radius of the upper base is R 12 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 3 , the length of the lower base is L 17 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 17 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 6 >R 12 >R10 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 18 , the radius of the upper base is R 13 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 2 , the length of the lower base is L 14 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 18 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 10 >R 13 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal ring cavity of the seventh slow-wave blade is L 19 , upper base width L 9 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 7 , the length of the lower base is L 20 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 19 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 20 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 14 =R 6 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the eighth slow-wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 21 , the radius of the upper base is R 15 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 2 , the length of the lower base is L 22 , the radius of the lower base is R 16 , L 21 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 22The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 15 =R 10 , R 16 =R 9 ;

[0012] The first coupling slot 307A is a rectangular waveguide hole loaded at the upper bottom of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade, with a narrow side length of L 28 , the width side length is L 29 , used to guide the microwave signal in the slow-wave structure to the first coupling waveguide 308A; the first coupling waveguide 308A is loaded on the first anode cylinder 303A and consists of two rectangular waveguides: the narrow side length of the first rectangular waveguide is L 28 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 30 The input end opening is close to the opening position of the first coupling slot 307A, and there is no physical gap between the two, ensuring the integrity of energy transfer. L 31 A second rectangular waveguide with a narrow side length of L 32 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 33 , L 28 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 29 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.8-2 times of L 30 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.3-0.8 times, L 31 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.2-0.5 times of L 32 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.2 times, L 33 The value of the working wavelength is λ The first extraction chamber 309A is a circular cavity with an outer radius of R 17, the length is L 23 , L 23 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 17 =R 12 ; At a distance of 309A from the first extraction chamber L 24 The first collector 310A is located at the position of the first collector 310A. The first collector 310A is composed of a circular cavity with a right-angled triangle cross section and a circular cavity with a rectangular cross section. The length of a right-angled side of the circular cavity with a right-angled triangle cross section is L 25 , the length of the other right-angle side is R 18 - R 16 , the inner radius of the circular cavity with a rectangular cross section is R 16 , the outer radius is R 18 , the length is L 26 , L 24 The working wavelength λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 25 The working wavelength λ 1.1-1.3 times of L 26 The working wavelength λ 0.5-0.7 times of R 18 =R 4 The first output waveguide 311A ​​is a cylindrical cavity with a radius of R 19 , the length is L 27 , L 27 The value of the working wavelength is λ 3.3-3.7 times of R 19 =R 16 The first solenoid magnetic field 312A is sleeved on the outer wall of the first anode cylinder 303A, and the transmission guidance of the electron beam is achieved by changing the current passing through the solenoid magnetic field, thereby changing the magnetic field strength generated by the solenoid.

[0013] The structure of the second oscillator B is different from that of the first oscillator A in that the first slow-wave blade and the sixth slow-wave blade in the second non-periodic slow-wave structure 306B of the second oscillator B are different from the corresponding slow-wave blades in the first oscillator A: the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the first slow-wave blade of the second non-periodic slow-wave structure 306B is L 36 , upper base width L 37 , the radius of the upper base is R 21 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 36 , the length of the lower base is L 38 , the radius of the lower base is R 22 , L 36 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 37 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.15 times, L 38 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.3-0.5 times of the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade is L 39 , upper base width L 40 , the radius of the upper base is R 23 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 39 , the length of the lower base is L 41 , the radius of the lower base is R 24 , L 39 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 40 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 41 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 21 >R 23 , R 22 >R 24 。

[0014] The narrow side length of the rectangular waveguide 313 is L 32 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 34 , L 34 The value of the working wavelength is λ The first coupling waveguide 308A and the second coupling waveguide 308B realize field interaction through the rectangular waveguide 313, thereby completing the microwave signal coupling between the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B.

[0015] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the high voltage generated by the pulse driving source acts on the first cathode 302A and the second cathode 302B through the first cathode seat 301A and the second cathode seat 301B respectively, and the right end surfaces of the first cathode 302A and the second cathode 302B generate a strong relativistic electron beam based on explosive emission, which is transmitted along the axial direction of the microwave source under the guidance of the first solenoid magnetic field 312A and the second solenoid magnetic field 312B, and passes through the first reflection cavity 304A and the second reflection cavity 304B, the first drift section 305A and the second drift section 305B, the first non-periodic slow-wave structure 306A and the second non-periodic slow-wave structure 306B, the first coupling slot 307A and the second coupling slot 307B, the first extraction cavity 309A and the second extraction cavity 309B, and finally enters the first collector 312A and the second collector 312B. The electron beam propagates forward, and the excited microwave propagates backward, and is reflected by the first reflection cavity 304A and the second reflection cavity 304B at the starting ends of the first non-periodic slow-wave structure 306A and the second non-periodic slow-wave structure 306B respectively, passes through the first non-periodic slow-wave structure 306A and the second non-periodic slow-wave structure 306B again, and is finally coupled to the first coupling waveguide 308A and the second coupling waveguide 308B through the first coupling slot 307A and the second coupling slot 307B respectively, and is transmitted through the rectangular waveguide 313, thereby realizing field interaction, until it enters the first output waveguide 311A ​​and the second output waveguide 311B respectively, and is radiated out through the respectively connected mode converters and antennas.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention provides a frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism. The first coupling slot 307A and the second coupling slot 307B are loaded at the upper bottom of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade of the non-periodic slow-wave structure of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B, respectively, and the microwave signals in the non-periodic slow-wave structures of the two oscillators are guided to the first coupling waveguide 308A and the second coupling waveguide 308B, and the first coupling waveguide 308A and the second coupling waveguide 308B are connected through a rectangular waveguide to achieve electromagnetic field mutual coupling between the two oscillators. Based on the coupling effect, two oscillators with different natural frequencies can be frequency pulled without external injection signals, undergo a nonlinear frequency chirp process, and finally achieve frequency and phase locking.

[0018] 2. The frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention uses a coupling slot to guide the microwave signal to achieve field mutual coupling between oscillators. The position and size of the coupling slot directly determine the coupling strength of the microwave signal and the effect of frequency-locked and phase-locked between oscillators. Reasonable design of the position and size of the coupling slot is conducive to improving the frequency and phase locking performance of the system.

[0019] 3. The frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention adopts a trapezoidal collector to ensure that the distance between the electron beam bombardment position and the extraction cavity is far enough. A large spacing distance is conducive to increasing the time for the plasma generated by the electron beam bombarding the collector to diffuse to the extraction cavity, reducing the impact of the plasma on the performance of the extraction cavity, increasing the stable operation time of the device, and ensuring that the device outputs long-pulse microwaves.

[0020] Please refer to the following description of various embodiments of the frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to the present invention, which will make the above and other aspects of the present invention apparent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a relativistic klystron amplifier disclosed in the prior art 1 in the background introduction;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a phase-controllable high-power, high-efficiency, speed-adjustable relativistic backward wave oscillator disclosed in the prior art 2 in the background introduction;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic magnetron disclosed in the prior art 3 in the background introduction;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic magnetron disclosed in the prior art 3 in the background introduction;

[0025] Figure 5AA stereoscopic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 AA cross-sectional view of the first oscillator A of the preferred embodiment of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 An AA cross-sectional view of a second oscillator B of a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the coupling slot of a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0030] Fig.10 The output microwave spectrum diagram of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B before coupling of the preferred embodiment of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0031] Fig.11 The output microwave spectrum diagram of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B after coupling in the preferred embodiment of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0032] Fig.12 Output microwave power diagram of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B before and after coupling of the preferred embodiment of the frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0033] Fig.13 Output microwave power diagram of the second oscillator B before and after coupling with the first oscillator A in a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0034] Fig.14 A graph showing the change of the microwave oscillation phase over time in a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0035] Fig.15 A graph showing the change of microwave oscillation frequency over time in a preferred embodiment of a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism of the present invention, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first oscillator A of the structure taken along line AA, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the second oscillator B of the structure taken along line AA. Fig. 9 The cross-sectional structure diagram of the frequency-locked and phase-locked RCO based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism is invented.

[0038] The cathode seat, cathode, and anode tube are usually made of non-magnetic stainless steel. In order to increase the power capacity of the device, the surface of the extraction cavity can be plated with titanium alloy material and polished. The cathode can be made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper foil (FR-5) material, and the solenoid magnetic field is wound with enameled copper wire or glass fiber copper wire. The left end of the cathode seat is connected to the inner conductor of the pulse power drive source, and the left end of the anode tube is connected to the outer conductor of the pulse power drive source. The right end of the output waveguide is connected to the mode converter and the radiating antenna respectively.

[0039] This embodiment implements a frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism, and performs frequency-locked and phase-locked operation on a first oscillator A with a center frequency of 9.484 GHz and a second oscillator B with a center frequency of 9.4 GHz. (The corresponding dimensions are designed as follows: R 1 =31mm, R 2 =53mm, R 3 =37mm, R 4 =43mm, R 5 =35mm, R 6 =42mm, R 7 =37mm, R 8 =44mm, R 9 = 36mm, R 10 =40mm, R 11 =35mm, R 12 =41mm, R 13 =39mm, R 14 =42mm, R 15 =40mm, R 16 =36mm, R17 =41mm, R 18 = 43mm, R 19 =36mm, R 20 =62mm, R 21 =43mm, R 22 =37mm, R 23 =39mm, R 24 =36mm, L 1 =8mm, L 2 =1mm, L 3 =2mm, L 4 =5mm, L 5 =2mm, L 6 =5mm, L 7 =3mm, L 8 =6mm, L 9 =22mm, L 10 =4mm, L 11 =3mm, L 12 =11mm, L 13 =7mm, L 14 =4mm, L 15 =3mm, L 16 =4mm, L 17 =5mm, L 18 =4mm, L 19 =3mm, L 20 =5mm, L 21 =4mm, L 22 =6mm, L 23 =4mm, L 24 =2mm, L 25 = 35mm, L 26 =19mm, L 27 =105mm, L 28 =2mm, L 29 =28mm, L30 =11mm, L 31 =9mm, L 32 =3mm, L 33 =203mm, L 34 = 210mm, L 35 =65mm, L 36 =5mm, L 37 =3mm, L 38 =11mm, L 39 =2mm, L 40 =4mm, L 41 =4mm ). In the particle simulation, under the conditions of diode voltage 800 kV, current 10kA, and guide magnetic field 0.5T, the first oscillator A outputs microwave power of 3.51GW and power conversion efficiency of 44%. Under the conditions of diode voltage 800 kV, current 10kA, and guide magnetic field 0.5T, the second oscillator B outputs microwave power of 3.21GW with a power conversion efficiency of 40%. After coupling them, the common locking frequency is 9.5GHz, and the output microwave powers are 3.36GW and 3.27GW respectively. The total power after coupling is 99% of the sum of the powers of the two tubes working alone. It can be seen from the above results that the present invention overcomes the dependence of RCO on external injection signals in the process of frequency locking and phase locking, and through the channel mutual coupling mechanism, two independent RCOs achieve frequency locking and phase locking. This design effectively solves the technical difficulty that traditional RCO requires an external signal source to achieve frequency locking and phase locking, thereby simplifying the system structure and improving the stability and compactness of the system.

[0040] See also Fig.10 It can be seen that the free oscillation frequencies of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B before coupling are 9.484 GHz and 9.4 GHz respectively.

[0041] See also Fig.11 It can be seen that the common locking frequency of the first oscillator A and the second oscillator B after coupling is 9.5 GHz. It can be seen that the locking frequency does not necessarily appear between the free oscillation frequencies of the two RCOs, which is related to the degree of coupling between the two RCOs.

[0042] See also Fig.12 It can be seen that the first oscillator A starts oscillating 6ns before coupling, saturates 15ns, and has an output power of 3.51GW. After coupling, it starts oscillating 14ns, saturates 32ns, and has an output power of 3.36GW.

[0043] See also Fig.13It can be seen that the second oscillator B starts oscillating 6ns before coupling, saturates 15ns, and has an output power of 3.21GW. After coupling, it starts oscillating 15ns, saturates 34ns, and has an output power of 3.27GW.

[0044] See also Fig.14 , the two microwaves reached a stable state after 30 ns, with the first oscillator A having a phase of 110° and the second oscillator B having a phase of 122.5°. The phase difference between the two stabilized at around 12.5° after 35 ns.

[0045] See also Fig.15 It can be seen that the frequencies of the two microwaves began to stabilize around 9.5 GHz at 35 ns. After 40 ns, the frequency difference fluctuation of the two microwaves remained within the range of 30 MHz, which means that the two microwaves reached the state of frequency locking.

[0046] Of course, in this preferred embodiment, other connection methods can also be used between the components, and the device structure can also be processed with other materials. The above is only a preferred implementation method of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples discussed above, and that several changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. Although the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the specification, such illustration and description are merely illustrative or schematic and not restrictive. The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.

[0048] By studying the drawings, the description and the claims, those skilled in the art can understand and implement variations of the disclosed embodiments when practicing the invention. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other steps or elements. The fact that certain measures are cited in mutually different dependent claims does not mean that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims do not constitute a limitation of the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on a channel mutual coupling mechanism, characterized in that: The oscillator comprises a first oscillator (A), a second oscillator (B) and a rectangular waveguide (313); the first oscillator (A) is composed of a first cathode seat (301A), a first cathode (302A), a first anode cylinder (303A), a first reflection cavity (304A), a first drift section (305A), a first non-periodic slow wave structure (306A), a first coupling slot (307A), a first coupling waveguide (308A), a first extraction cavity (309A), a first collector (310A), a first output waveguide (311A), and a first solenoid magnetic field (312A). The second oscillator (B) is composed of a second cathode seat (301B), a second cathode (302B), a second anode cylinder (303B), a second reflection cavity (304B), a second drift section (305B), a second non-periodic slow wave structure (306B), a second coupling slot (307B), a second coupling waveguide (308B), a second extraction cavity (309B), a second collector (310B), a second output waveguide (311B), and a second solenoid magnetic field (312B); the left ends of the first cathode seat (301A) and the second cathode seat (301B) are both connected to the anode of an external pulse drive source, the left ends of the first anode cylinder (303A) and the second anode cylinder (303B) are both connected to the outer conductor of the external pulse drive source, the right ends of the first output waveguide (311A) and the second output waveguide (311B) are respectively connected to the mode converter and the antenna, and the rectangular waveguide (313) One end of the coupling waveguide is connected to the outlet of the first coupling waveguide (308A), and the other end of the coupling waveguide is connected to the outlet of the second coupling waveguide (308B); The narrow side length of the rectangular waveguide (313) is L 32 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 34 , L 34 The value of the working wavelength is λ The first coupling waveguide (308A) and the second coupling waveguide (308B) realize field interaction through the rectangular waveguide (313), thereby completing the microwave signal coupling between the first oscillator (A) and the second oscillator (B).

2. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cathode (302A) is a thin-walled cylinder with a radius R 1 The first anode tube (303A) is a cylindrical tube, which is divided into two sections: one section is the inner radius R 20 ,long L 35 A cylindrical tube with a smooth inner wall and the other section has the maximum inner radius R 2 , minimum inner radius R 5 A cylindrical tube with irregular inner wall. L 35 The value of the working wavelength is λ 2-2.3 times of R 20 > R 2 > R 5 The first reflection cavity (304A) consists of a disc-shaped cavity, two trapezoidal steps and two trapezoidal circular cavities: the radius of the disc-shaped cavity is R 2 , the length is L 1 , L 1 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of the length of the lower base of the first trapezoidal step. L 2 , the radius of the lower base is R 3 , the hypotenuse width is L 3 , L 2 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.03-0.1 times, L 3 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times the width of the upper base of the first trapezoidal ring cavity L 4 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width is L 5 , L 4 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 5 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times of the length of the lower base of the second trapezoidal step. L 6 , the radius of the lower base is R 5 , the hypotenuse width is L 3 , L 6 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times the width of the upper base of the second trapezoidal ring cavity L 7 , the radius of the upper base is R 6 , the hypotenuse width is L 8 , L 7 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 8 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 3 >R 5 , R 4 >R 6 ; The length of the first drift section (305A) is L 9 , the radius is R 7 , L 9 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.6-0.8 times of R 7 =R 3 The first non-periodic slow-wave structure (306A) is composed of eight slow-wave blades, each of which is composed of a trapezoidal annular cavity and a trapezoidal step: the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the first slow-wave blade is L 10 , upper base width L 11 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 7 , the length of the lower base is L 12 , the radius of the lower base is R 7 , L 10 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 11 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.15 times, L 12 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.3-0.5 times of the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the second slow wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 13 , the radius of the upper base is R 8 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 8 , the length of the lower base is L 7 , the radius of the lower base is R 9 , L 13 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.2-0.4 times of R 8 >R 4 , R 7 >R 9 >R 5 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the third slow-wave blade is L 3 , upper base width L 14 , the radius of the upper base is R 10 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 8 , the length of the lower base is L 11 , the radius of the lower base is R 9 , L 14 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.2 times of the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the fourth slow-wave blade is L 15 , upper base width L 5 , the radius of the upper base is R 10 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 16 , the length of the lower base is L 3 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 15 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 16 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 11 =R 5 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the fifth slow-wave blade is L 3 , upper base width L 7 , the radius of the upper base is R 12 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 3 , the length of the lower base is L 17 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 17 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 6 >R 12 >R 10 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 18 , the radius of the upper base is R 13 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 2 , the length of the lower base is L 14 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 18 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 10 > R 13 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal ring cavity of the seventh slow-wave blade is L 19 , upper base width L 9 , the radius of the upper base is R 4 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 7 , the length of the lower base is L 20 , the radius of the lower base is R 11 , L 19 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 20 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 14 = R 6 ; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the eighth slow-wave blade is L 2 , upper base width L 21 , the radius of the upper base is R 15 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 2 , the length of the lower base is L 22 , the radius of the lower base is R 16 , L 21 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of L 22 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 15 = R 10 , R 16 = R 9 .

3. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first coupling slot (307A) is a rectangular waveguide hole loaded at the upper bottom of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow wave blade, with a narrow side length of L 28 , the width side length is L 29 , used to guide the microwave signal in the slow-wave structure to the first coupling waveguide (308A); the first coupling waveguide (308A) is loaded on the first anode cylinder (303A) and consists of two rectangular waveguides: the narrow side length of the first rectangular waveguide is L 28 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 30 The input end opening is closely attached to the opening position of the first coupling slot (307A), and there is no physical gap between the two, so as to ensure the integrity of energy transfer. L 31 A second rectangular waveguide with a narrow side length of L 32 , the width side length is L 29 , the length is L 33 , L 28 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 29 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.8-2 times of L 30 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.3-0.8 times, L 31 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.2-0.5 times of L 32 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.2 times, L 33 The value of the working wavelength is λ The first extraction chamber (309A) is a circular cavity with an outer radius of R 17 , the length is L 23 , L 23 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.2 times of R 17 = R 12 ; At a distance from the first extraction chamber (309A) L 24 The first collector (310A) is located at the position of the first collector (310A), which is composed of a circular ring cavity with a right-angled triangle cross section and a circular ring cavity with a rectangular cross section: the length of a right-angled side of the circular ring cavity with a right-angled triangle cross section is L 25 , the length of the other right-angle side is R 18 - R 16 , the inner radius of the circular cavity with a rectangular cross section is R 16 , the outer radius is R 18 , the length is L 26 , L 24 The working wavelength λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 25 The working wavelength λ 1.1-1.3 times of L 26 The working wavelength λ 0.5-0.7 times of R 18 = R 4 ; The first output waveguide (311A) is a cylindrical cavity with a cylindrical radius of R 19 , the length is L 27 , L 27 The value of the working wavelength is λ 3.3-3.7 times of R 19 = R 16 The first solenoid magnetic field (312A) is sleeved on the outer wall of the first anode cylinder (303A), and the transmission guidance of the electron beam is achieved by changing the magnitude of the current passing through the solenoid magnetic field, thereby changing the magnetic field strength generated by the solenoid.

4. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the second oscillator (B) is different from that of the first oscillator (A) in that the first slow wave blade and the sixth slow wave blade in the second non-periodic slow wave structure (306B) of the second oscillator (B) are different from the corresponding slow wave blades in the first oscillator (A): the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal circular ring cavity of the first slow wave blade of the second non-periodic slow wave structure (306B) is L 36 , upper base width L 37 , the radius of the upper base is R 21 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 36 , the length of the lower base is L 38 , the radius of the lower base is R 22 , L 36 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 37 The value of the working wavelength is λ 0.08-0.15 times, L 38 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.3-0.5 times; The hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal annular cavity of the sixth slow-wave blade is L 39 , upper base width L 40 , the radius of the upper base is R 23 , the hypotenuse width of the trapezoidal step is L 39 , the length of the lower base is L 41 , the radius of the lower base is R 24 , L 39 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.05-0.1 times, L 40 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.3 times of L 41 The value is the working wavelength λ 0.1-0.3 times of R 21 >R 23 , R 22 >R 24 .

5. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the first cathode (302A) and the second cathode (302B) are both 2 mm.

6. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cathode seat (301A), the second cathode seat (301B), the first cathode (302A), the second cathode (302B), the first anode cylinder (303A) and the second anode cylinder (303B) are all made of non-magnetic stainless steel.

7. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: In order to improve the power capacity of the device, the surfaces of the first extraction chamber (309A) and the second extraction chamber (309B) are plated with titanium alloy material, and the surfaces are polished.

8. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cathode (302A) and the second cathode (302B) are made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper-clad foil material.

9. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic fields of the first solenoid magnetic field (312A) and the second solenoid magnetic field (312B) are formed by winding enameled copper wire or glass-fiber-wrapped copper wire.

10. The frequency-locked and phase-locked relativistic Cherenkov oscillator based on the channel mutual coupling mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first oscillator (A) with a center frequency of 9.484 GHz and the second oscillator (B) with a center frequency of 9.4 GHz were frequency-locked and phase-locked, and the corresponding dimensions were designed as follows: R 1 =31mm, R 2 =53mm, R 3 =37mm, R 4 =43mm, R 5 =35mm, R 6 = 42mm, R 7 =37mm, R 8 =44mm, R 9 =36mm, R 10 =40mm, R 11 =35mm, R 12 =41mm, R 13 =39mm, R 14 =42mm, R 15 = 40mm, R 16 =36mm, R 17 =41mm, R 18 =43mm, R 19 =36mm, R 20 =62mm, R 21 =43mm, R 22 =37mm, R 23 =39mm, R 24 = 36mm,L 1 =8mm,L 2 =1mm,L 3 =2mm,L 4 =5mm,L 5 =2mm,L 6 =5mm,L 7 =3mm,L 8 =6mm,L 9 =22mm,L 10 =4mm,L 11 = 3mm,L 12 =11mm,L 13 =7mm,L 14 =4mm, L 15 =3mm,L 16 =4mm,L 17 =5mm,L 18 =4mm,L 19 =3mm,L 20 =5mm,L 21 = 4mm,L 22 =6mm,L 23 =4mm,L 24 =2mm, L 25 =35mm,L 26 =19mm,L 27 =105mm,L 28 =2mm,L 29 =28mm,L 30 =11mm, L 31 =9mm, L 32 =3mm,L 33 =203mm,L 34 =210mm,L 35 =65mm,L 36 =5mm,L 37 =3mm,L 38 =11mm,L 39 =2mm,L 40 = 4mm,L 41 =4mm 。

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