Piping system

Abstract

The invention provides a piping system capable of improving flow rate while being miniaturized. A piping system (1C) for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more is provided with: a plurality of straight pipe sections (vertical pipes (3), horizontal pipes (4), and vertical pipes (7)); one or more joints (bent pipes (15-1), (15-2)) that connect the plurality of straight pipe sections (vertical pipes (3), horizontal pipes (4), and vertical pipes (7)) to each other; and one or more protruding members (6-1 to 6-4) which are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections (the vertical pipe (3), the horizontal pipe (4), and the vertical pipe (7)) among the plurality of straight pipe sections (the vertical pipe (3), the horizontal pipe (4), and the vertical pipe (7)), and which locally reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections (the vertical pipe (3), the horizontal pipe (4), and the vertical pipe (7)).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to piping systems. Background Art

[0002] Patent document 1 discloses a siphon rainwater pipe trough system (piping system). The siphon rainwater pipe trough system disclosed in Patent document 1 comprises: an eave; a siphon generating portion, which comprises a cylindrical portion that penetrates a water collection port formed on the bottom surface of the eave and is used to generate a siphon phenomenon; and an elbow. The elbow is arranged on the downstream side of the siphon rainwater pipe trough system. The elbow comprises a curved pipe portion and sockets arranged at both ends of the curved pipe portion. In the curved pipe portion when observed in a cross section of a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe portion, the curvature radius of the inner peripheral surface (inner wall surface) on the inner peripheral side is larger than 64 mm and smaller than 100 mm.

[0003] Prior art literature

[0004] Patent Literature

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-120068 Summary of the invention

[0006] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0007] In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, although an improvement in the flow rate (drainage capacity) can be expected, the elbow is relatively large.

[0008] The present invention provides a piping system that can be miniaturized and at the same time increase the flow rate.

[0009] Solutions to Solve Problems

[0010] A piping system according to one embodiment of the present invention is a piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, and comprises: a plurality of straight pipe sections; one or more joints that connect the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other; and one or more protruding members that are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections and locally reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections.

[0011] Effects of the Invention

[0012] The solution of the present invention can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a configuration example of a piping system according to the first embodiment.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of a configuration example of a piping member of the piping system according to the first embodiment.

[0015] Figure 3This is an exploded perspective view of the piping member according to the first embodiment.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the piping member according to the first embodiment.

[0017] Figure 5 This is an exploded cross-sectional view of the piping member according to the first embodiment.

[0018] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0019] Figure 7 It is a perspective view of a structural example of a straight pipe portion of the piping member according to the first embodiment.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a side view of the straight pipe portion according to the first embodiment.

[0021] Fig. 9 This is a plan view of the straight pipe portion according to Embodiment 1.

[0022] Fig.10 This is a bottom view of the straight pipe portion according to Embodiment 1.

[0023] Fig.11 yes Fig. 9 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0024] Fig.12 yes Fig. 9 C-C line stereoscopic cross-sectional view.

[0025] Fig.13 yes Fig.11 D-D line cross-sectional view.

[0026] Fig.14 It is a diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in a piping member of a comparative example.

[0027] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of a configuration example of a piping system according to the second embodiment.

[0028] Fig.16 It is a perspective view of a configuration example of a second drainage member of the piping system according to the second embodiment.

[0029] Fig.17 This is an exploded perspective view of the second drainage member according to the second embodiment.

[0030] Fig.18 This is a cross-sectional view of the second drainage member according to the second embodiment.

[0031] Fig.19 This is an exploded cross-sectional view of the second drainage member according to the second embodiment.

[0032] Fig. 20 yes Fig.19 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0033] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the third embodiment.

[0034] Fig. 22 This is a perspective view of a piping member of a piping system according to a third embodiment.

[0035] Fig.23 This is an exploded perspective view of the piping member according to the third embodiment.

[0036] Fig.24 This is a cross-sectional view of a piping member according to the third embodiment.

[0037] Fig.25 yes Fig.24 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0038] Fig.26 This is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the piping member according to the third embodiment.

[0039] Fig. 27 It is a top view of the piping member according to the third embodiment.

[0040] Fig.28 It is a bottom view of the piping member according to the third embodiment.

[0041] Fig.29 yes Fig.25 IX-IX line cross-sectional view.

[0042] Fig.30 yes Fig.25 X-ray cross-sectional view.

[0043] Fig.31 yes Fig.25 XI-XI line cross-sectional view.

[0044] Fig.32 yes Fig.25 XII-XII line cross-sectional view.

[0045] Fig.33 yes Fig.25 Sectional view along line XIII-XIII.

[0046] Fig.34 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to a fourth embodiment.

[0047] Fig.35 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the fifth embodiment.

[0048] Fig.36 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the sixth embodiment.

[0049] Fig.37 yes Fig.36 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0050] Fig.38 yes Fig.37 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0051] Fig.39 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the seventh embodiment.

[0052] Fig.40 yes Fig.39 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0053] Fig.41 yes Fig.40 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0054] Fig.42 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the eighth embodiment.

[0055] Fig.43 yes Fig.42 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0056] Fig.44 yes Fig.43 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0057] Fig.45 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system according to the ninth embodiment.

[0058] Fig.46 yes Fig.45 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0059] Fig.47 yes Fig.46 BB line cross-sectional view.

[0060] Fig.48 This is a perspective view of a piping member according to the tenth embodiment.

[0061] Fig.49 This is a cross-sectional view of a piping member according to the tenth embodiment.

[0062] Fig.50 This is a diagram when the piping member according to Embodiment 10 is viewed from the first opening side.

[0063] Fig.51 yes Fig.49 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0064] Fig.52 : is a graph showing the relationship between the Reynolds number and the pressure loss ratio under the first condition.

[0065] Fig.53: is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the length of the protrusion to the diameter of the first opening and the pressure loss ratio under the second condition.

[0066] Fig.54 : is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the length of the protrusion to the diameter of the first opening and the pressure loss ratio under the third condition.

[0067] Fig.55 : is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the length of the protrusion to the diameter of the first opening and the pressure loss ratio under the fourth condition.

[0068] Fig.56 : is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of the length of the protrusion to the diameter of the first opening and the pressure loss ratio under the fifth condition.

[0069] Fig.57 : is a graph which shows the relationship between the height of the protrusion part and the pressure loss ratio under the sixth condition.

[0070] Fig.58 : is a graph showing the relationship between the Reynolds number and the pressure loss ratio under the seventh condition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] [1. Implementation Method]

[0072] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate. However, the following embodiments are examples for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the following contents (e.g., the shapes, sizes, and configurations of the various components). Unless otherwise specified, positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. The figures described in the following embodiments are schematic diagrams, and the size and thickness ratios of the various components in the figures do not necessarily reflect the actual size ratios. In addition, the size ratios of the various elements are not limited to the ratios shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0073] It should be noted that in the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish multiple components from each other, connectors such as "first" and "second" are attached to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by using the figure marks attached to the components, connectors such as "first" and "second" are sometimes omitted in consideration of the readability of the article.

[0074] It should be noted that in the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish multiple components from each other, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are attached to the figure marks of the components. However, when it is not necessary to distinguish multiple components, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are sometimes omitted in consideration of the readability of the article.

[0075] [1.1 Implementation Method 1]

[0076] [1.1.1 Structure]

[0077] Embodiment 1 relates to a drainage member as a type of piping member and a drainage system as a type of piping system. Embodiment 1 provides a drainage member and a drainage system that can be reduced in size and can improve drainage capacity.

[0078] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of a structural example of a drainage system 1 according to Embodiment 1. The drainage system 1 is a rainwater pipe trough system that receives rainwater from a roof 11a of a building 11 and flows the rainwater to a box 21 on the ground 20. The drainage system 1 constitutes a flow path for rainwater. The rainwater collected in the box 21 flows out from the box 21 to the rainwater pipe through a buried pipe 22. The building 11 is a non-residential facility such as a store, office, factory, building, school, welfare facility, or hospital, and a residential facility such as a single-family detached house, a collective house, or each resident of a single-family detached house or a collective house. The non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, auditoriums, amusement parks, complex facilities, department stores, Western-style hotels, Japanese-style hotels, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping streets, stations, and airports.

[0079] Figure 1 The drainage system 1 includes a gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a drainage component 5, an elbow 9, a discharge pipe 8 and a vertical pipe 7.

[0080] The eaves gutter 2 receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The eaves gutter 2 is provided under the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged at the eaves of the roof 11a. In particular, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged so as to extend along the eaves of the roof 11a. Figure 1 The eaves 2 are in the shape of long barrels. Figure 1 The eave 2 has a bottom wall 2a. A water collection port 2b is formed on the bottom wall 2a in accordance with the overall design of the drainage system 1. The water collection port 2b is, for example, a circular opening. The water collection port 2b is also called a drain port or a downspout. As an example, the eave 2 can be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The eave 2 can have a core material for reinforcing the overall strength of the eave 2. The core material can be, for example, made of metal. As another example, the eave 2 can also be formed by a metal plate, such as a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0081] The discharge pipe 8 is arranged at the water collection port 2b of the eave 2. The discharge pipe 8 reduces the generation of vortices and the entrainment of air at the water collection port 2b. The discharge pipe 8 can help the generation of the siphon phenomenon. The discharge pipe 8 can be a known structure.

[0082] The vertical pipe 3 defines a flow path (drainage path) in the vertical direction. The vertical pipe 3 is also called a downpipe in the rainwater pipe trough system. In the present embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 is provided to discharge rainwater from the water collection port 2b. The vertical pipe 3 allows rainwater from the water collection port 2b to flow vertically. The vertical pipe 3 is in the shape of a straight pipe. The cross section of the vertical pipe 3 that is orthogonal to the pipe axis (central axis) C3 is in a circular shape. The vertical pipe 3 is arranged in such a way that the direction of the pipe axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is consistent with the up-down direction (vertical direction). Figure 1 In the embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 is fixed to the wall surface 11b of the building 11 by fixing fittings 35a, 35b, and 35c. The vertical pipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the vertical pipe 3 connected to the water collection port 2b ( Figure 1 The downstream end 3b is the end of the vertical pipe 3 that is inserted into the box bucket 21 ( Figure 1 ). Figure 1 In the embodiment, the drain pipe cover 34 is arranged so that rainwater does not flow into the box portion 21 from the gap between the vertical pipe 3 and the box portion 21. As an example, the material of the vertical pipe 3 is hard polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions, such as the shape and thickness of the vertical pipe 3 can be set according to the standard of hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe".

[0083] Figure 1 The eaves of the building 11 are relatively long. In the building 11, when the vertical pipe 3 is directly connected to the water collection port 2b, the distance between the vertical pipe 3 and the wall surface 11b of the building 11 becomes larger and the construction standard of the vertical pipe 3 is not satisfied. Therefore, in the drainage system 1, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the water collection port 2b, but is connected to the water collection port 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the drainage member 5 and the elbow 9. In this way, the drainage system 1 has a structure suitable for the building 11 with a long eaves.

[0084] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path (drainage path) in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The horizontal pipe 4 is also called a horizontal branch pipe in the rainwater pipe trough system. In this embodiment, the horizontal pipe 4 is a part for allowing rainwater from the building 11 to flow from the water collection port 2b to the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the water collection port 2b of the rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is a straight pipe. The cross section of the horizontal pipe 4 that is orthogonal to the pipe axis (central axis) C4 is circular. Figure 1 The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed in such a manner that the direction of the pipe axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined relative to the up-down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 connected to the water collection port 2b ( Figure 1 The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 connected to the vertical pipe 3 ( Figure 1As an example, the material of the cross pipe 4 is hard polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions, such as the shape and thickness of the cross pipe 4, can be set according to the standard of hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe".

[0085] The elbow 9 is a connection joint that connects drainage paths having different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe. Figure 1 The elbow 9 connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b. The elbow 9 does not have to be a component that directly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b, and can be a component that indirectly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b via other components. The elbow 9 has a first and second sockets 9a, 9b for connecting piping components such as the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 to the elbow 9, and a curved portion 9c that connects the first and second sockets 9a, 9b. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the first socket 9a receives the vertical pipe 7, and the second socket 9b receives the horizontal pipe 4. The angle between the center axes of the first and second sockets 9a, 9b is, for example, 91.17° as specified by JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". As an example, the material of the elbow 9 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The size of the elbow 9 can be set, for example, according to the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". The elbow 9 can be a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) specified by JIS K 6739.

[0086] The vertical pipe 7 defines a flow path (drainage path) in the vertical direction. In the present embodiment, the vertical pipe 7 allows rainwater to flow vertically from the water collection port 2b to the elbow 9. The vertical pipe 7 is located between the water collection port 2b and the elbow 9. The vertical pipe 7 is in the shape of a straight pipe. The cross section of the vertical pipe 7 that is orthogonal to the pipe axis (center axis) C7 is in a circular shape. The vertical pipe 7 is arranged in such a way that the direction of the pipe axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7 is consistent with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The vertical pipe 7 has an end 7a on the upstream side and an end 7b on the downstream side. The end 7a on the upstream side is the end of the vertical pipe 7 that is connected to the water collection port 2b ( Figure 1 The downstream end 7b is the end of the vertical pipe 7 connected to the elbow 9 ( Figure 1 As an example, the material of the vertical pipe 7 is hard polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions, such as the shape and thickness of the vertical pipe 7, can be set according to the standard of hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe".

[0087] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a structural example of the drainage member 5. Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The drainage member 5 is an exploded perspective view of the drainage member 5. The drainage member 5 constitutes a part of the drainage system 1 having the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. In this embodiment, as Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the drainage member 5 connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The drainage member 5 has a function as a connection joint (elbow) that connects drainage paths in different directions such as the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe.

[0088] Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The drainage member 5 has a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52. In the present embodiment, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are independently formed. That is, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separable members, and the drainage member 5 is obtained by combining the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52.

[0089] Below, refer to Figures 4 to 13 The drainage member 5 will be further described. Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the drainage member 5 . Figure 5 It is an exploded cross-sectional view of the drainage member 5. Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of line A-A.

[0090] Figure 4 The drainage member 5 has a main body 50. The main body 50 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the main body 50 includes a curved portion and a straight portion. The main body 50 has a first opening 5a and a second opening 5b at both ends. The inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body 50 defines a curved flow path 5c.

[0091] The first opening 5a faces the upstream side. The upstream side is the upstream side of the drainage system 1. The upstream side of the drainage system 1 can be said to be the water collection port 2b side. The first opening 5a is the opening on the upstream side. Figure 4 In the embodiment, the first opening 5a is connected to the flow path of the cross pipe 4. That is, the first opening 5a is connected to the cross pipe 4 so that the inflow and outflow of the fluid occur between the cross pipe 4 and the first opening 5a.

[0092] The second opening 5b faces the downstream side. The downstream side is the downstream side of the drainage system 1. The downstream side of the drainage system 1 is the tank 21 side (ground side). The second opening 5b is the opening on the downstream side. Figure 4 In the embodiment, the second opening 5b is connected to the vertical pipe 3. That is, the second opening 5b is connected to the vertical pipe 3 in such a way that the fluid flows in and out between the horizontal pipe 4 and the second opening 5b.

[0093] The curved flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b. In particular, the curved flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b so that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect.

[0094] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 as well as Figure 5As is well understood in the text, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is not constant, and there is a reduced portion 5c1 where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b. Figure 4 As shown, the first wall surface 50b on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in a manner that the narrowing portion 5c1 exists between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. The first wall surface 50b is a portion on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in the inner circumference 50a of the main body 50 (as an example, a half portion on the inner circumference side). The second wall surface 50c is a portion on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in the inner circumference 50a of the main body 50 (as an example, a half portion on the outer circumference side). That is, the inner circumference 50a of the main body 50 is composed of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0095] like Figure 4 As shown, in the drainage member 5, the first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes (partially) toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c in such a manner that a reduced portion 5c1 where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b exists between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the first wall surface 50b includes a first portion 501 where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b, and a second portion 502 and a third portion 503 where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is consistent with the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b. The second portion 502 is a portion between the first portion 501 and the first opening 5a in the first wall surface 50b. The third portion 503 is a portion between the first portion 501 and the second opening 5b in the first wall surface 50b. The first portion 501 is a portion of the first wall surface 50b including a protrusion 53 protruding from the first wall surface 50b toward the second wall surface 50c. The protrusion 53 is a portion of the first portion 501 of the first wall surface 50b that forms the reduced portion 5c1. In the present embodiment, the protrusion 53 is tumor-shaped. The shape and size of the reduced portion 5c1 and the protrusion 53 will be described later.

[0096] exist Figure 4In the drainage member 5, the first portion 501 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c form a narrowing portion 5c1 between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. The curved flow path 5c includes an upstream portion 5c2 on the first opening 5a side of the curved flow path 5c than the narrowing portion 5c1 and a downstream portion 5c3 on the second opening 5b side of the curved flow path 5c than the narrowing portion 5c1. The upstream portion 5c2 is a portion between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the first opening 5a in the curved flow path 5c in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. That is, the upstream portion 5c2 is formed by the second portion 502 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c. The downstream portion 5c3 is a portion between the boundary portion between the first portion 501 and the second portion 502 of the first wall surface 50b and the second opening 5b in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. That is, the downstream portion 5c3 is formed by the third portion 503 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0097] like Figure 6 As shown, in the drainage member 5, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 are continuously connected in at least a portion of the first wall surface 50b. Here, "X and Y are continuously connected" means that X and Y are connected in a manner that does not produce a step or the like that hinders the movement of the fluid between X and Y. As a result, the pressure loss between the upstream portion 5c2 and the narrowed portion 5c1 can be reduced, and the drainage capacity can be improved. In particular, Figure 6 In the embodiment, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b in the first wall surface 50b. Figure 6 As shown, in the drainage member 5, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 are continuously connected at least in part of the first wall surface 50b. This can reduce the pressure loss between the downstream portion 5c3 and the narrowed portion 5c1, and improve the drainage capacity. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b in the first wall surface 50b.

[0098] In the present embodiment, the drainage member 5 is composed of a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52 .

[0099] like Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the curved pipe portion 51 has a curved portion 511 and bellmouths 512, 513. The curved portion 511 and the bellmouths 512, 513 are continuously and integrally formed.

[0100] The curved portion 511 constitutes a portion on the upstream side of the main body 50 of the drainage member 5. The curved portion 511 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the curved portion 511 is not linear but curved. That is, the curved portion 511 has a curved pipe axis in the drainage member 5. The end portion on the upstream side of the curved portion 511 has a first opening 5a. The end portion on the downstream side of the curved portion 511 has a first connecting opening 511a. The inner peripheral surface 511b of the curved portion 511 constitutes a portion on the upstream side of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body 50. The center axis C3 of the first connecting opening 511a coincides with the center axis C2 of the second opening 5b. The angle between the center axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the center axis C3 of the first connecting opening 511a is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage".

[0101] The bellmouths 512 and 513 are respectively arranged at both ends of the curved portion 511. The bellmouth 512 is cylindrical and surrounds the first opening 5a. The bellmouth 512 receives the transverse pipe 4. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the bellmouth 512 is large enough to insert the transverse pipe 4 (end 4b on the downstream side) into the bellmouth 512. The bellmouth 513 is cylindrical and surrounds the first connecting opening 511a. The inner diameter of the bellmouth 512 is larger than the diameter of the first opening 5a. The inner diameter of the bellmouth 513 is larger than the diameter of the first connecting opening 511a. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the bellmouth 513 is large enough to insert the end on the upstream side of the straight pipe portion 52 into the bellmouth 513.

[0102] For example, the curved pipe portion 51 is made of rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the curved pipe portion 51 may be set according to JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". The curved pipe portion 51 may be a 90° bend elbow (so-called DL) specified in JIS K 6739.

[0103] Figure 7 to Figure 13 A configuration example of the straight pipe portion 52 is shown. Figure 7 It is a perspective view of a structural example of the straight pipe portion 52 . Figure 8 It is a side view of the straight pipe portion 52 . Fig. 9 It is a top view of the straight pipe portion 52 . Fig.10 It is a bottom view of the straight pipe portion 52 . Fig.11 yes Fig. 9 BB line cross-sectional view. Fig.12 yes Fig. 9 C-C line stereoscopic cross-sectional view. Fig.13 yes Fig.11 It should be noted that the straight portion 521 is a part of the drainage member 5, but in order to facilitate understanding of the corresponding relationship, reference numerals related to the curved flow path 5c of the drainage member 5 (for example, the first wall surface 50b, the second wall surface 50c, etc.) are marked as needed.

[0104] like Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, the straight pipe portion 52 has a straight portion 521, a socket 522, and a protrusion 523. The straight portion 521, the socket 522, and the protrusion 523 are continuously and integrally formed.

[0105] The straight portion 521 constitutes a portion on the downstream side of the main body 50 of the drainage member 5. The straight portion 521 is cylindrical. The pipe axis (center line) of the straight portion 521 is straight. That is, the straight portion 521 has a straight pipe axis in the drainage member 5. Fig.11 As shown, the end portion on the upstream side of the straight portion 521 has a second connection opening 521a. The end portion on the downstream side of the straight portion 521 has a second opening 5b. The inner peripheral surface 521b of the straight portion 521 constitutes the downstream side of the inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body 50. The central axis C4 of the second connection opening 521a coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b.

[0106] like Fig.11 As shown, the socket 522 is disposed at the downstream end of the straight portion 521. Fig.10 As shown, the bell mouth 522 is cylindrical and surrounds the second opening 5b. The inner diameter of the bell mouth 522 is larger than the diameter of the second opening 5b. The bell mouth 522 receives the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the bell mouth 522 is large enough to insert the vertical pipe 3 (the end 3a on the upstream side) into the bell mouth 522.

[0107] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 as well as Fig.11 As shown in FIG. 5 , the protrusion 523 is a part (end portion on the upstream side) of the protruding portion 53. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connecting opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521. Therefore, when the curved pipe portion 51 is connected to the straight pipe portion 52, as shown in FIG. Figure 4As shown, the protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved tube portion 51 and covers a portion of the inner circumference of the curved portion 511 of the curved tube portion 51. Thus, the protrusion 523 replaces the curved tube portion 51 and constitutes a portion of the reduced portion 5c1. The front end 523a of the protrusion 523 is consistent with the corner 5d on the inner circumference of the curved flow path 5c. In the present embodiment, the reduced portion 5c1 exists across the curved portion 511 of the curved tube portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight tube portion 52, but the curved tube portion 51 and the straight tube portion 52 are independent. In this case, when the protrusion 53 is disconnected at the boundary portion between the curved portion 511 and the straight portion 521, there is a case where a step is generated at the boundary portion in the reduced portion 5c1. This may become a factor that hinders the flow of the fluid in the curved flow path 5c. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the protrusion 523 as a part of the protruding portion 53 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521, and constitutes a part of the narrowed portion 5c1 instead of the curved tube portion 51. Thus, even when the narrowed portion 5c1 exists across the curved portion 511 of the curved tube portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight tube portion 52, the influence of the step at the boundary portion can be reduced.

[0108] like Figure 7 to Figure 9 As shown in FIG. 5 , the straight pipe portion 52 further has a mark 524 . The mark 524 indicates information related to the assembly of the drainage member 5 . In the present embodiment, the mark 524 indicates the direction in which the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51 . Figure 7 The mark 524 is an arrow showing the direction in which the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51. Figure 7 to Figure 9 In the embodiment, four marks 524 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the end portion on the upstream side of the straight pipe portion 52. The marks 524 may be words, graphics, symbols, three-dimensional shapes or colors that can be recognized by human senses, or a combination of these. In the present embodiment, the marks 524 are located at positions on the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion 52 that are not blocked by the socket 513 of the curved pipe portion 51 when the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51. However, the marks 524 may also be located at positions on the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion 52 that are blocked by the socket 513 of the curved pipe portion 51 when the straight pipe portion 52 is connected to the curved pipe portion 51.

[0109] Next, refer to Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The assembly of the drainage member 5 is briefly described. Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 5 , the upstream end of the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52 is directed toward the socket 513 of the curved pipe portion 51. In this case, the mark 524 of the straight pipe portion 52 helps determine the direction of the straight pipe portion 52 relative to the curved pipe portion 51. Then, the upstream end of the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52 is inserted into the socket 513 of the curved pipe portion 51. Figure 4As shown, the curved pipe portion 51 is connected to the straight pipe portion 52. When the curved pipe portion 51 is connected to the straight pipe portion 52, the upstream end of the straight portion 521 is located in the socket 513 of the curved pipe portion 51, and the first connection opening 511a of the curved pipe portion 51 is connected to the second connection opening 521a of the straight portion 521. As a result, the inner circumferential surface 511b of the curved pipe portion 51 is connected to the inner circumferential surface 521b of the straight pipe portion 52, forming a curved flow path 5c. In this embodiment, the straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 523. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and replaces the curved pipe portion 51 to constitute a part of the narrowed portion 5c1.

[0110] In the drainage member 5 described above, Figure 4 As shown, the first wall surface 50b on the inner circumferential side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer circumferential side of the curved flow path 5c in such a manner that a reduced portion 5c1 where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b exists between the corner 5d on the inner circumferential side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0111] Next, the function of the reduced portion 5c1 (protruding portion 53) of the drainage member 5 will be described. Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 As shown, the drainage member 5 connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 in the drainage system 1. In particular, in the drainage member 5, the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the first opening 5a, and the vertical pipe 3 is connected to the second opening 5b. The drainage member 5 allows water flowing from the horizontal pipe 4 to flow to the vertical pipe 3. Figure 4 In the embodiment, the drainage member 5 changes the flow of water from the direction of the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a to the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. When the direction of the water flow changes significantly, the pressure loss caused by the peeling may become a factor that reduces the drainage performance.

[0112] Fig.14 1 is a diagram showing a simulation of pressure distribution in a drainage member 500 of a comparative example. The drainage member 500 of the comparative example is different from the drainage member 5 in that it does not have a narrowed portion 5c1. Fig.14 In the graph, the darker the color, the lower the pressure. In particular, Fig.14 The pressure loss is large at the portion indicated by R. The presence of such a portion with large pressure loss may become a major factor in the reduction of drainage performance. Fig.14 The pressure loss at the position indicated by R is considered to be caused by separation. The separation is caused by the separation of water from the first wall surface 50b at a position downstream of the corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c. Fig.14As shown by the arrow F in the middle, water flowing into the drainage member 500 from the upstream side of the drainage system 1 initially flows along the first wall surface 50b in the curved flow path 5c, but there is a case where the water separates from the first wall surface 50b of the curved flow path 5c after the corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c. This separation is likely to be more obvious when the flow velocity of water is high. The faster the flow velocity, the more likely the range of pressure loss will be expanded.

[0113] In the present embodiment, the drainage member 5 has a reduced portion 5c1. By having the reduced portion 5c1, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the first wall surface 50b more easily than in the case where there is no reduced portion 5c1, and (2) it can be expected that the portion itself where there is a possibility of pressure loss can be reduced. Therefore, the reduced portion 5c1 in the drainage member 5 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d, and can achieve improved drainage performance. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the drainage member 5 does not need to increase the radius of curvature of the inner wall surface on the inner circumference, so it can be miniaturized. Therefore, the drainage member 5 can be miniaturized and improve the drainage capacity. The drainage member 5 itself can be miniaturized so that the drainage member 5 is not conspicuous when the drainage system 1 is viewed as a whole. Therefore, it can be expected that the aesthetics of the drainage system 1 as a whole can be improved.

[0114] Next, an example of the shape and size of the reduced portion 5c1 will be described. The protrusion 53 defines the shape and size of the reduced portion 5c1 , and therefore it can be understood that the description of the shape and size of the reduced portion 5c1 also applies to the shape and size of the protrusion 53 .

[0115] Reference Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 . The diameter of the second opening 5b is set to d, and the length of the narrowed portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b is set to L. It is preferably 0.5d≤L≤5.0d in the drainage member 5. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0116] exist Figure 4 as well as Figure 6 In the embodiment, the portion P of the drainage member 5 is the portion where the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is the smallest in the reduced portion 5c1. The distance between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and the portion P is set to D1. It is preferred that 0≤D1≤0.5d is satisfied in the drainage member 5. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0117] exist Figure 4 as well as Figure 6In the embodiment, the distance between the portion P in the reduced portion 5c1 and the downstream end is set to D3. D3 is D3 = L - D1. It is preferred that D3 > D1 is satisfied in the drainage member 5. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0118] Reference Fig. 9 as well as Fig.11 . In the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c in the reduced portion 5c1 is set to D2. D2 is also the distance between the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1 and the second wall surface 50c. It is preferably 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d in the drainage member 5. As a result, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved. Here, in the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the maximum value of the height of the protrusion 53 is set to D4. D4 is also the height of the protrusion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. D4 is D4=d-D2. It is preferably 0.05d≤D4≤0.40d in the drainage member 5. As a result, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while being able to be downsized.

[0119] Reference Fig.13 . Let the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b be A, and let the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c be A1. The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. In the drainage member 5, 0.6≤A1 / A<1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization is possible. Here, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion 53 is A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. A2 is A2=A-A1. It is better that A2 / A≤0.4 in the drainage member 5. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization is possible.

[0120] Reference Figure 4 as well as Figure 6In the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, the surface of the protrusion 53 is a curved surface shape. Thus, the drainage capacity can be improved. Here, the solution with a smaller surface roughness of the protrusion 53 can be expected to improve the drainage capacity, so it is preferred.

[0121] Reference Fig. 9 , Fig.10 as well as Fig.13 When viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than the two sides at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, when the protrusion 53 is viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than the two sides. This can improve the drainage capacity.

[0122] From another point of view, the first wall surface 50b on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c may be shaped to protrude toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in such a way as to generate a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the protrusion 53 may be shaped to generate a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. Thus, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0123] [1.1.2 Effects, etc.]

[0124] The drainage member 5 described above constitutes a part of the drainage system 1 having the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The drainage member 5 has a first opening 5a facing the upstream side of the drainage system 1, a second opening 5b facing the downstream side of the drainage system 1, and a curved flow path 5c connecting the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b in a manner that the central axes C1 and C2 of the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b intersect each other. The first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c in a manner that a reduced portion 5c1 having a smaller flow path cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b exists between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. When the diameter of the second opening 5b is d and the length of the reduced portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axes C1 and C2 of the second opening 5b is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d. This structure can improve the drainage capacity while being able to be miniaturized.

[0125] In the drainage member 5, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 on the first opening 5a side of the curved flow path 5c are continuously connected at least in part of the first wall surface 50b. This structure can reduce the pressure loss between the upstream portion 5c2 and the narrowed portion 5c1, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0126] In the drainage member 5, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 on the second opening 5b side of the curved flow path 5c are continuously connected to at least a portion of the first wall surface 50b. This structure can reduce the pressure loss between the downstream portion 5c3 and the narrowed portion 5c1, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0127] In the drainage member 5, when the distance between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and the portion P where the flow path cross-sectional area is the smallest in the reduced portion 5c1 is set to D1, 0≤D1≤0.5d. This structure can reduce the peeling near the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0128] In the drainage member 5, in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, when the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c in the narrowed portion 5c1 is set to D2, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d. This structure can improve drainage capacity.

[0129] In the drainage member 5 , when the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5 b is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5 c is A1 , 0.6≦A1 / A<1.0 is satisfied. This structure can improve drainage capability.

[0130] The drain member 5 has a socket 522 for connecting the pipe member to the second opening 5b. This structure can improve the ease of construction.

[0131] In the drainage member 5, the first wall surface 50b has a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 50c at the narrowed portion 5c1 in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. This structure can improve drainage capability.

[0132] In the drainage member 5, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than both sides at the narrowed portion 5c1. This structure can improve drainage capability.

[0133] In the drainage member 5, the drainage member 5 includes: a curved pipe portion 51 having a first opening 5a and a first connecting opening 511a having a central axis C3 that coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b; and a straight pipe portion 52 having a second opening 5b and a second connecting opening 521a having a central axis C42 that coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and connected to the first connecting opening 511a. The inner circumferential surface 511b of the curved pipe portion 51 and the inner circumferential surface 521b of the straight pipe portion 52 define the curved flow path 5c. This structure can improve the drainage capacity while being miniaturized.

[0134] In the drainage member 5, the curved tube portion 51 and the straight tube portion 52 are formed independently. The straight tube portion 52 has a protrusion 523 that protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved tube portion 51 and constitutes a part of the narrowed portion 5c1 instead of the curved tube portion 51. This structure can improve drainage capacity while miniaturization.

[0135] From another point of view, the drainage member 5 described above constitutes a part of the drainage system 1 having the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The drainage member 5 has a first opening 5a facing the upstream side of the drainage system 1, a second opening 5b facing the downstream side of the drainage system 1, and a curved flow path 5c connecting the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b in a manner that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect. The first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c has a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c in a manner that generates a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. This structure can improve the drainage capacity while being able to be miniaturized.

[0136] The drainage system 1 described above includes a drainage member 5, a vertical pipe 3, and a horizontal pipe 4. The horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the first opening 5a of the drainage member 5. The vertical pipe 3 is connected to the second opening 5b of the drainage member 5. This structure can improve drainage capacity while being compact.

[0137] The drainage system 1 further includes a discharge pipe 8 disposed at the water collection port 2b to generate a siphon effect, and an elbow 9 connecting the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b. This structure can improve drainage capacity.

[0138] [1.2 Implementation Method 2]

[0139] [1.2.1 Structure]

[0140] Embodiment 2 relates to a drainage member as a type of piping member and a drainage system as a type of piping system. Embodiment 2 provides a drainage member and a drainage system that can improve drainage capacity while being able to be downsized.

[0141] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of a configuration example of a drainage system 1A according to the second embodiment.

[0142] Fig.15 The drainage system 1A includes a gutter 2 , a vertical pipe 3 , a horizontal pipe 4 , one or more drainage members (a first drainage member 5A and a second drainage member 5B), a discharge pipe 8 , and a vertical pipe 7 .

[0143] In the drainage system 1A, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the water collection port 2 b but is connected to the water collection port 2 b via the horizontal pipe 4 and one or more drainage members (a first drainage member 5A and a second drainage member 5B).

[0144] The drainage system 1A has one or more drainage components. In the present embodiment, the one or more drainage components are a first drainage component 5A and a second drainage component 5B. In the present embodiment, the first drainage component 5A and the second drainage component 5B have the same structure. The first drainage component 5A and the second drainage component 5B are located at different positions on the flow path of the drainage system 1A. In more detail, the first drainage component 5A is located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3. The second drainage component 5B is located between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4.

[0145] The first drain member 5A is the same as the drain member 5 of Embodiment 1. The description of the drain member 5 in Embodiment 1 can be applied to the description of the first drain member 5A by replacing the drain member 5 with the first drain member 5A. As described above, the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B have the same structure, so in order to avoid redundant description, the description of the second drain member 5B is appropriately omitted below.

[0146] Fig.16 is a perspective view of a structural example of the second drainage member 5B. Fig.17 yes Fig.16 An exploded perspective view of a second drainage member 5B. Fig.18 It is a cross-sectional view of the second drainage member 5B. Fig.19 It is an exploded cross-sectional view of the second drainage member 5B. Fig. 20 yes Fig.18 Cross-sectional view of line A-A.

[0147] The second drainage member 5B constitutes a part of the drainage system 1A having the horizontal pipe 4 between the water collection port 2b and the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the vertical pipe 7 (the downstream end 7b thereof) is connected to the water collection port 2b. Fig.16 as well as Fig.17 As shown, the second drainage member 5B connects the vertical pipe 7 and the horizontal pipe 4. The second drainage member 5B has a function as a connection joint (elbow) that connects drainage paths in different directions, such as the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4.

[0148] Fig.16 as well as Fig.17 The second drain member 5B has the same structure as the first drain member 5A, and includes a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52. The curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are independently formed. That is, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separable members, and the second drain member 5B is obtained by combining the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52.

[0149] Fig.18 The second drainage member 5B has a main body 50. The main body 50 has a first opening 5a and a second opening 5b at both ends. The inner peripheral surface 50a of the main body 50 defines a curved flow path 5c. In the second drainage member 5B, the first opening 5a is connected to the flow path of the vertical pipe 7. That is, the first opening 5a is connected to the vertical pipe 7 in a manner that generates an outflow and an inflow of a fluid between the vertical pipe 7 and the first opening 5a. In the second drainage member 5B, the second opening 5b is connected to the flow path of the horizontal pipe 4. That is, the second opening 5b is connected to the horizontal pipe 4 in a manner that generates an outflow and an inflow of a fluid between the horizontal pipe 4 and the second opening 5b.

[0150] The second drain member 5B is also composed of a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52 similarly to the first drain member 5A.

[0151] like Fig.18 as well as Fig.19 As shown, the curved pipe portion 51 has a curved portion 511 and bells 512 and 513. In the second drainage member 5B, the bell 512 receives the vertical pipe 7. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the bell 512 is such that the vertical pipe 7 (end 7b on the downstream side) can be inserted into the bell 512.

[0152] like Fig.18 as well as Fig.19 As shown, the straight pipe portion 52 has a straight portion 521, a socket 522 and a protrusion 523. In the second drainage member 5B, the socket 522 receives the horizontal pipe 4. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the socket 522 is a size that allows the horizontal pipe 4 (the end 4a on the upstream side) to be inserted into the socket 522.

[0153] Next, the function of the reduced portion 5c1 (protruding portion 53) of the second drainage member 5B will be described. Fig.15 , Fig.16 as well as Fig.18 As shown, the second drainage member 5B connects the water collection port 2b (vertical pipe 7) and the horizontal pipe 4 in the drainage system 1A. In particular, in the second drainage member 5B, the vertical pipe 7 is connected to the first opening 5a, and the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the second opening 5b. The second drainage member 5B allows water flowing from the vertical pipe 7 to flow to the horizontal pipe 4. Fig.18In the embodiment, the second drainage member 5B changes the flow of water from the direction of the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a to the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. When the direction of the water flow changes significantly, the pressure loss caused by the peeling may become a factor that reduces the drainage performance.

[0154] As mentioned above, Fig.14 : is a diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in the drainage member 500 of the comparative example. The drainage member 500 of the comparative example is different from the first drainage member 5A in that it does not have the narrowed portion 5c1. Here, the drainage member of the comparative example, which is different from the second drainage member 5B in that it does not have the narrowed portion 5c1, was simulated for pressure distribution and it was confirmed that a large pressure loss was generated due to peeling, similar to the drainage member 500. The peeling is caused by the separation of water from the first wall surface 50b at a position on the downstream side of the corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c.

[0155] In the present embodiment, the second drainage member 5B has a reduced portion 5c1. By having the reduced portion 5c1, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the first wall surface 50b more easily than in the case where there is no reduced portion 5c1, and (2) it can be expected that the portion itself where pressure loss is likely to occur can be reduced. Therefore, in the second drainage member 5B, the reduced portion 5c1 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d, and can achieve improved drainage performance. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the second drainage member 5B does not need to increase the radius of curvature of the inner wall surface on the inner circumference side, so it can be miniaturized. Therefore, the second drainage member 5B can be miniaturized and improve the drainage capacity. The second drainage member 5B itself can be miniaturized so that the second drainage member 5B is not conspicuous when the drainage system 1A is viewed as a whole. Therefore, it can be expected that the aesthetics of the drainage system 1A as a whole can be improved.

[0156] Next, as described below, the shape and size examples of the reduced portion 5c1 of the second drain member 5B are the same as the shape and size examples of the reduced portion 5c1 of the first drain member 5A.

[0157] Reference Fig.18 as well as Fig. 20 . The diameter of the second opening 5b is set to d, and the length of the narrowed portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b is set to L. It is preferably 0.5d≤L≤5.0d in the second drainage member 5B. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0158] exist Fig.18 as well as Fig. 20In the embodiment, the portion P of the second drainage member 5B is the portion where the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is the smallest in the reduced portion 5c1. The distance between the corner 5d on the inner circumference of the curved flow path 5c in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and the portion P is set to D1. It is preferably 0≤D1≤0.5d in the second drainage member 5B. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0159] exist Fig.18 as well as Fig. 20 In the embodiment, the distance between the portion P in the reduced portion 5c1 and the end on the downstream side is set to D3. D3 is D3 = L - D1. It is preferred that D3 > D1 is satisfied in the second drainage member 5B. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0160] Reference Fig. 9 as well as Fig.11 . In the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c in the reduced portion 5c1 is set to D2. D2 is also the distance between the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1 and the second wall surface 50c. In the second drainage member 5B, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d is preferably. As a result, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved. Here, in the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the maximum value of the height of the protrusion 53 is set to D4. D4 is also the height of the protrusion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. D4 is D4=d-D2. In the second drainage member 5B, 0.05d≤D4≤0.40d is preferably. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by separation on the downstream side from the corner 5d. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while the size can be reduced.

[0161] Reference Fig.13. Let the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b be A, and let the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c be A1. The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. In the second drainage member 5B, 0.6≤A1 / A<1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization is possible. Here, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion 53 is A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. A2 is A2=A-A1. It is better that A2 / A≤0.4 in the second drainage member 5B. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the corner 5d can be further reduced. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization is possible.

[0162] Reference Fig.18 as well as Fig. 20 In the plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, the surface of the protrusion 53 is a curved surface shape. Thus, the drainage capacity can be improved. Here, the solution with a smaller surface roughness of the protrusion 53 can be expected to improve the drainage capacity, so it is preferred.

[0163] Reference Fig. 9 , Fig.10 as well as Fig.13 When viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than the two sides at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, when the protrusion 53 is viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is recessed more than the two sides. This can improve the drainage capacity.

[0164] From another point of view, the first wall surface 50b on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c may be shaped to protrude toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in such a way as to generate a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the protrusion 53 may be shaped to generate a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. Thus, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0165] The drainage system 1A described above has a first drainage component 5A and a second drainage component 5B. The first drainage component 5A is located between the transverse pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3. The first drainage component 5A can reduce the pressure loss caused by peeling that may occur when the direction of water flow changes from the transverse pipe 4 to the vertical pipe 3, and can achieve improved drainage performance. The second drainage component 5B is located between the water collection port 2b and the transverse pipe 4. The second drainage component 5B can reduce the pressure loss caused by peeling that may occur when the direction of water flow changes from the water collection port 2b to the transverse pipe 4, and can achieve improved drainage performance. Therefore, in the drainage system 1A, the pressure loss can be reduced as a whole of the drainage system 1A, and the drainage performance can be improved.

[0166] [1.2.2 Effects, etc.]

[0167] The drainage system 1A described above includes a vertical pipe 3 fixed to a wall surface 11b of a building 11, a horizontal pipe 4 located between a water collection port 2b of rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3, and one or more drainage members 5A, 5B, and the one or more drainage members 5A, 5B are located at least one of between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4 and between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3. The one or more drainage members 5A, 5B have a first opening 5a facing the upstream side, a second opening 5b facing the downstream side, and a curved flow path 5c connecting the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b in a manner that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect. The first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c so that a reduced portion 5c1 having a smaller flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c than that of the second opening 5b exists between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. When the diameter of the second opening 5b is d and the length of the narrowed portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d. This structure can improve drainage capability while achieving miniaturization.

[0168] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 on the first opening 5a side of the narrowed portion 5c1 in the curved flow path 5c are continuously connected at least in a portion of the first wall surface 50b. This structure can reduce the pressure loss between the upstream portion 5c2 and the narrowed portion 5c1, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0169] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, the narrowed portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 on the second opening 5b side of the narrowed portion 5c1 in the curved flow path 5c are continuously connected at least in a portion of the first wall surface 50b. This structure can reduce the pressure loss between the downstream portion 5c3 and the narrowed portion 5c1, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0170] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, when the distance between the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and the portion P where the flow path cross-sectional area is the smallest in the narrowed portion 5c1 is set as D1, 0≤D1≤0.5d. This structure can reduce the peeling near the corner 5d on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 5c, and can improve the drainage capacity.

[0171] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, when the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c in the narrowed portion 5c1 is set to D2, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d. This structure can improve the drainage capacity.

[0172] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, when the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is A1, 0.6≤A1 / A<1.0. This structure can improve the drainage capacity.

[0173] In the drainage system 1A, at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B has a socket 522 for connecting the pipe member to the second opening 5b. This structure can improve the ease of construction.

[0174] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, the first wall surface 50b includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 50c at the narrowed portion 5c1 in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. This structure can improve the drainage capacity.

[0175] In the drainage system 1A, in at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B, the first wall surface 50b has a shape that is recessed in the center than in both sides at the narrowed portion 5c1 when viewed from the center axis C2 of the second opening 5b. This structure can improve drainage performance.

[0176] In the drainage system 1A, at least one of the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B includes: a curved pipe portion 51 having a first opening 5a and a first connecting opening 511a having a central axis C3 that coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b; and a straight pipe portion 52 having a second opening 5b and a second connecting opening 521a having a central axis C42 that coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b and connected to the first connecting opening 511a. The inner circumferential surface 511b of the curved pipe portion 51 and the inner circumferential surface 521b of the straight pipe portion 52 define a curved flow path 5c. This structure can improve drainage capacity while being miniaturized.

[0177] In the drainage system 1A, the curved pipe portion 51 is formed independently of the straight pipe portion 52. The straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 523 that protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and constitutes a part of the narrowed portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51. This structure can improve drainage capacity while miniaturization.

[0178] From another point of view, the drainage system 1A described above includes a vertical pipe 3 fixed to a wall surface 11b of a building 11, a horizontal pipe 4 located between a water collection port 2b of rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3, and one or more drainage members 5A, 5B, and the one or more drainage members 5A, 5B are located at least one of between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3 and between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The one or more drainage members 5A, 5B have a first opening 5a facing the upstream side, a second opening 5b facing the downstream side, and a curved flow path 5c connecting the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b in a manner that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect. The first wall surface 50b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c has a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c in a manner that generates a Coanda effect between the corner 5d on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. This structure can improve the drainage capacity while being able to be miniaturized.

[0179] In the drainage system 1A, the one or more drainage members 5A and 5B include a first drainage member 5A located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3 and a second drainage member 5B located between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. This structure can improve drainage capacity while being compact.

[0180] The drainage system 1A further includes a drain pipe 8 disposed at the water collection port 2b in order to promote the siphon phenomenon. This structure can improve the drainage capacity.

[0181] [1.3 Implementation method 3]

[0182] [1.3.1 Structure]

[0183] Embodiment 3 relates to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system. In particular, Embodiment 3 provides a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system that can be reduced in size and can increase the flow rate.

[0184] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1B according to Embodiment 3. The piping system 1B is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1B is a rainwater pipe system that receives rainwater from a roof 11a of a building 11 and flows it toward a tank 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1B forms a flow path for rainwater.

[0185] The piping system 1B includes a gutter 2 , a vertical pipe 3 , a horizontal pipe 4 , bent pipes 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 , protruding members 6 - 1 and 6 - 2 , a vertical pipe 7 , and a drain pipe 8 .

[0186] The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 change the direction of the flow path. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are, for example, connection joints that connect flow paths in different directions such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 each have a socket 151 and 152 that respectively connect the piping members on the upstream side and the downstream side, and a bent portion 150 that connects the sockets 151 and 152 to each other. The angle between the central axes of the sockets 151 and 152 is, for example, 91.17° as specified by JIS K 6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". As an example, the material of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 is, for example, hard polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be set according to the standard of JIS K 6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage", for example. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) specified by JIS K 6739.

[0187] The bent pipe 15-1 is a first bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The bent pipe 15-1 connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 and the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4. In the bent pipe 15-1, the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the socket 151, and the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 is connected to the socket 152. The bent pipe 15-1 does not have to be a member that directly connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 and the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4, and may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3 and the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 via other members.

[0188] The curved pipe 15-2 is a second curved pipe that connects the water collection port 2b to the transverse pipe 4. The curved pipe 15-2 connects the end 4a on the upstream side of the transverse pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b. In the curved pipe 15-2, the water collection port 2b is connected to the socket 151, and the end 4a on the upstream side of the transverse pipe 4 is connected to the socket 152. The curved pipe 15-2 does not have to be a component that directly connects the end 4a on the upstream side of the transverse pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b, and the end 4a on the upstream side of the transverse pipe 4 can be indirectly connected to the water collection port 2b via other components.

[0189] The vertical pipe 7 allows rainwater to flow vertically from the water collection port 2b. The vertical pipe 7 is connected to the discharge pipe 8 and is arranged on the downstream side of the water collection port 2b. The vertical pipe 7 is located between the water collection port 2b and the curved pipe 15-2. The upstream end 7a is the end of the vertical pipe 7 connected to the water collection port 2b ( Fig.21 The downstream end 7b is the end of the vertical pipe 7 connected to the socket 151 of the curved pipe 15-2 ( Fig.21 the lower end of the ).

[0190] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged in a straight pipe arranged on the downstream side of a curved pipe that changes the direction of the flow path and are used to locally reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe. In the piping system 1B, the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe arranged on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-1 that changes the direction of the flow path, and the horizontal pipe 4 is a straight pipe arranged on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-2 that changes the direction of the flow path. The protruding member 6-1 is a first protruding member that arranges at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 as a straight pipe. In the present embodiment, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is the entire vertical pipe 3. The protruding member 6-2 is a second protruding member that arranges at least a portion of the horizontal pipe 4 as a straight pipe. In the present embodiment, at least a portion of the horizontal pipe 4 is the entire horizontal pipe 4.

[0191] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, together with the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 as straight pipes on which the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged, constitute the piping members 10B-1 and 10B-2, respectively. In the present embodiment, the piping member 10B-1 including the protruding member 6-1 and the vertical pipe 3 is a first piping member, and the piping member 10B-2 including the protruding member 6-2 and the horizontal pipe 4 is a second piping member.

[0192] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have the same structure. Therefore, although the piping members 10B-1 and 10B-2 have differences such as the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4, they are essentially the same structure. The following mainly describes the piping member 10B-1 in detail. As long as a person skilled in the art, the description of the piping member 10B-1 can be easily understood as the description of the piping member 10B-2 by rereading the description related to the vertical pipe 3 as the description related to the horizontal pipe 4.

[0193] Fig. 22 is a perspective view of a structural example of a piping member 10B-1. Fig.23 10B-1 is an exploded perspective view of the pipe member 10B-1. Fig. 22 as well as Fig.23 As understood in the above description, the pipe member 10B-1 includes the riser pipe 3 and the protruding member 6-1.

[0194] like Fig.23 As shown, the protrusion member 6 - 1 has a size that allows it to be arranged in the vertical pipe 3 , that is, a length, a width, and a height (thickness). The material of the protrusion member 6 - 1 is, for example, hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0195] The protruding member 6-1 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are two ends of the protruding member 6-1 in the length direction. The length direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the corresponding straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3). The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the vertical pipe 3 is consistent with the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first end 6a is toward the upstream side, and the second end 6b is toward the downstream side. In the protruding member 6-1, a flow of the fluid from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b is generated. The first end 6a is located closer to the first curved pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b.

[0196] Fig.24 It is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10B-1. Fig.25 yes Fig.24 A-A line cross-sectional view. Fig.26 This is a cross-sectional view in which a portion of the piping member 10B-1 is cut away. Fig. 27 It is a top view of the piping member 10B-1. Fig.28 It is a bottom view of the piping member 10B-1. Fig.29 yes Fig.25 IX-IX line cross-sectional view. Fig.30 yes Fig.25 X-ray cross-sectional view. Fig.31 yes Fig.25 XI-XI line cross-sectional view. Fig.32 yes Fig.25 XII-XII line cross-sectional view. Fig.33 yes Fig.25 Sectional view along line XIII-XIII.

[0197] like Fig.24 As shown in FIG. 1 , the protruding member 6 - 1 has a contact surface 60 that contacts the inner peripheral surface 30 a of the vertical pipe 3 . Fig. 27 as well as Fig.28As shown, the contact surface 60 is convex when viewed from the center axis C3 of the riser 3. The curvature radius of the contact surface 60 is set based on the curvature radius of the inner circumferential surface 30a so that substantially no gap is generated between the contact surface 60 and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the riser 3.

[0198] like Figure 24 to Figure 28 As shown, the protruding member 6-1 has a main surface 61 and first and second side surfaces 62, 63. The main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 are located on the side opposite to the contact surface 60 in the protruding member 6-1 and can contact the fluid flowing in the vertical pipe 3. Figure 24 to Figure 26 As shown, the main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. Fig. 27 as well as Fig.28 As shown, the main surface 61 faces the center side of the vertical pipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are located on both sides of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. Fig. 27 In the embodiment, the first side surface 62 is located on the left side of the main surface 61 , and the second side surface 63 is located on the right side of the main surface 61 .

[0199] In the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can contact the fluid flowing in the vertical pipe 3. Fig.25 As shown, the protrusion member 6-1 causes a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63. The main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can contact the fluid, so a solution with a smaller surface roughness of the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 is preferred because it is expected that the flow rate will be improved.

[0200] The protruding member 6-1 has a first separation wall 64 for promoting the separation of the flow F1 and the flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 allows the flow F2 to be easily separated from the flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is located between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In the present embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is a boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 constitutes a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as a bottom surface and a flow path having the first side surface 62 as a bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by both the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 being concave shapes.

[0201] The protruding member 6-1 has a second separation wall 65 to facilitate the separation of the flow F1 and the flow F3. The second separation wall 65 allows the flow F3 to be easily separated from the flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is located between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In the present embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is a boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary portion between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 constitutes a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as a bottom surface and a flow path having the second side surface 63 as a bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by both the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 being concave in shape.

[0202] As from Fig.24 , Fig.25 as well as Figure 27 to Figure 33 As understood in , the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the protrusion member 6 - 1 viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 .

[0203] like Fig.24 As shown, the height of the protruding member 6-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a top 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top 6c is the highest part of the protruding member 6-1. The height of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a to the top 6c. The height of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the top 6c to the second end 6b. The protruding member 6-1 minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3 at the top 6c.

[0204] like Fig.24 As shown, in the cross section of the protruding member 6-1 orthogonal to the width direction, the main surface 61 includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 30c at the top 6c. As a result, the flow rate can be increased. From another point of view, the main surface 61 can be shaped to protrude toward the second wall surface 30c in a manner that produces a Coanda effect on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-1. In other words, the main surface 61 can be shaped to produce a Coanda effect on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-1. As a result, the flow rate can be increased while being miniaturized.

[0205] As from Figure 27 to Figure 33 As understood in the above description, the shape of the main surface 61 viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 .

[0206] according to Fig. 27 as well as Fig.29When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the main surface 61 is a concave shape. At least a portion of the main surface 61 is a portion of the main surface 61 on the first end 6a side. That is, the main surface 61 is a concave shape at the first end 6a. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the curvature radius of at least a portion of the main surface 61 (the first end 6a) is less than the curvature radius of the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. Thus, the pressure loss at the protrusion member 6-1 is reduced.

[0207] The main surface 61 is Figure 27 to Figure 31 As shown in the figure, the first end 6a is concave, but the second end 6b is convex. That is, the shape of the main surface 61 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 changes from a concave shape to a convex shape as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As a result, it is easy to generate a flow along the main surface 61 of the protrusion member 6-1. In this embodiment, as shown in the figure, Fig.31 As shown, the shape of the main surface 61 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is a convex shape at the top 6c. The shape of the main surface 61 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is a convex shape from the top 6c to the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6-1 has a flat portion 6d between the first end 6a and the top 6c. Fig.30 As shown, in the flat portion 6d, the main surface 61 is a flat surface when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3.

[0208] Within the range of the concave shape of the main surface 61, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, that is, the lowest part of the concave shape, is located at a position closer to the center side than the end in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. Within the range of the convex shape of the main surface 61, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, that is, the highest part of the convex shape, is located at a position closer to the center side than the end in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1. In the present embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center in the width direction of the protruding member 6-1.

[0209] As from Figure 27 to Figure 33 As can be understood from the figure, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 .

[0210] according to Fig. 27 as well as Fig.29 When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the first side surface 62 is a concave shape. At least a portion of the first side surface 62 is a portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side. That is, the first side surface 62 is a concave shape at the first end 6a. Thus, the pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1 is reduced.

[0211] according to Fig. 27 as well as Fig.29 When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, at least a portion of the second side surface 63 is a concave shape. At least a portion of the second side surface 63 is a portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side. That is, the second side surface 63 is a concave shape at the first end 6a. Thus, the pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1 is reduced.

[0212] The shape of the first side surface 62 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. Figure 31 to Figure 33 As understood in FIG. 6 , the first side surface 62 has a concave shape that becomes shallower as it goes from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. Thus, the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 can smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6 - 1 .

[0213] The shape of the second side surface 63 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. Figure 31 to Figure 33 As understood in the figure, the depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 becomes shallower as it goes from the top 6c to the second end 6b. Thus, the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 can smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0214] Reference Fig.25 In the protruding member 6 - 1 , the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6 - 1 along the center axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 . This can increase the flow rate.

[0215] like Fig.25As shown, the width of the protruding member 6-1 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The width of the protruding member 6-1 refers to the width of the portion of the protruding member 6-1 closest to the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the width of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the width of the contact surface 60 of the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-1 has a first portion 6e, a second portion 6f, and a third portion 6g, the direction of which the width changes, between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The first portion 6e is located between the first end 6a and the top 6c, more specifically, the flat portion 6d. The second portion 6f is located between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The third portion 6g is located between the second portion 6f and the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the first portion 6e. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the first portion 6e toward the second portion 6f. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the second portion 6f toward the third portion 6g. The width of the protruding member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the third portion 6g toward the second end 6b. It should be noted that the width of the protruding member 6-1 is the largest at the first portion 6e. Fig. 27 As shown, the maximum value of the width of the protruding member 6-1 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 (the width of the first portion 6e) is set to W1. When the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is set to d, 0.5d≤W1≤0.9d. Here, when the maximum value of the distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is set to W2, 0.3d≤W2≤0.7d. W2≤W1.

[0216] The width of the main surface 61 decreases from at least the first end 6a to the top 6c as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure enables the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1. In this embodiment, the width of the main surface 61 decreases monotonically from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0217] The first side surface 62 includes a portion whose width increases as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion on the first end 6a side of the first side surface 62 increases in width as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion on the first end 6a side of the first side surface 62 includes a portion from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d of the first side surface 62.

[0218] The second side surface 63 includes a portion whose width increases as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. In more detail, the portion on the first end 6a side of the second side surface 63 increases in width as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion on the first end 6a side of the second side surface 63 includes a portion from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d of the second side surface 63.

[0219] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are not formed on the entire protrusion member 6-1 but are formed on a portion thereof in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 exist in a predetermined range from the first end 6a in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3. The predetermined range is a range from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0220] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 becomes shorter as it goes from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure can separate the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protruding member 6-1, and can smoothly merge the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0221] The height of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decreases as it goes from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure can separate the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protruding member 6-1, and make the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 merge smoothly with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6-1.

[0222] Reference Fig.24 as well as Fig.31 . Let the diameter of the vertical pipe 3 be d, and let the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 (i.e., the length of the protruding member 6-1) be L. It is preferable that 0.5d≤L≤5.0d is satisfied in the protruding member 6-1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0223] Reference Fig.24. The top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 is the part where the flow path cross-sectional area is the smallest in the piping member 10B-1. The distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the center axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is set to L1. It is preferably 0.1L≤L1≤0.5L in the protruding member 6-1. As a result, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while being miniaturized.

[0224] Reference Fig.24 . The distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the center axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is set to L2. L2 is L2=L-L1. It is better that L2>L1 in the protruding member 6-1. That is, it is better that the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b. In this way, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while being miniaturized.

[0225] Reference Fig.31 When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the distance between the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 and the second wall surface 30c is set to D1. It is preferably 0.60d≤D1≤0.95d in the protruding member 6-1. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0226] When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3, the height of the top 6c of the protrusion member 6-1 is set to H1. H1 is H1=d-D1. It is preferable that 0.05d≤H1≤0.40d is satisfied in the protrusion member 6-1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while miniaturization can be achieved.

[0227] The maximum flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3 is defined as A. The maximum flow path cross-sectional area A is obtained from the inner diameter d of the vertical pipe 3. That is, A=π(d / 2) 2 . The cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion member at the top 6c is set to A1. It is preferred that A1 / A≤0.4 in the protrusion member 6-1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling off at the downstream side from the bend pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while miniaturization is possible. The minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area in the piping member 10B-1 is set to A2. A2 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6c of the protrusion member 6-1. A2 is A2=A-A1. It is preferred that 0.6≤A2 / A<1 in the protrusion member 6-1. Thus, the pressure loss caused by peeling off at the downstream side from the bend pipe 15-1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the flow rate can be increased while miniaturization is possible.

[0228] like Fig.24 , Fig.26 as well as Fig. 27 As shown, the protruding member 6-1 has a contact end surface 66 at the first end 6a. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the vertical pipe 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the curved portion 150 of the curved pipe 15-1. The contact end surface 66 is provided to compensate for the difference in inner diameter between the vertical pipe 3 and the curved portion 150 of the curved pipe 15-1. Fig.24 As shown, the presence of the contact end surface 66 can reduce the step between the inner peripheral wall surface 150a of the curved portion 150 of the curved pipe 15-1 and the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. As a result, the flow of the fluid from the curved pipe 15-1 to the piping member 10B-1 is less likely to be blocked.

[0229] like Fig. 27 As shown, the protrusion member 6-1 has a protrusion 67. The protrusion 67 is used for the connection or positioning of the vertical pipe 3 and the protrusion member 6-1. The protrusion 67 is arranged on the contact surface 60. The protrusion 67 is in a shape that is embedded in the recess 3c of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 has a pair of recesses 3c at the edge of the end 3a on the upstream side. The recess 3c is formed as a notch. The protrusion member 6-1 has a pair of protrusions 67 that are respectively embedded in the pair of recesses 3c. By respectively embedding the pair of protrusions 67 in the pair of recesses 3c, the protrusion member 6-1 is positioned relative to the vertical pipe 3.

[0230] In the piping member 10B-1 described above, the protruding member 6-1 is arranged on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the vertical pipe 3. As a result, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10B-1 is not constant, and there is a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10B-1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3. The protruding member 6-1 is located on the side of the end 3a on the upstream side of the vertical pipe 3 relative to the end 3b on the downstream side of the vertical pipe 3. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 is located at the end 3a on the upstream side of the vertical pipe 3. That is, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the flow path at the end 3a on the upstream side of the vertical pipe 3 connected to the bent pipe 15-1.

[0231] The protruding member 6-1 is arranged so as to protrude from the first wall surface 30b on the inner circumference side of the vertical pipe 3 toward the second wall surface 30c on the outer circumference side of the vertical pipe 3. The first wall surface 30b is a portion on the inner circumference side of the curved pipe 15-1 in the inner circumference 30a of the vertical pipe 3 (as an example, a half portion on the inner circumference side). The second wall surface 30c is a portion on the outer circumference side of the curved pipe 15-1 in the inner circumference 30a of the vertical pipe 3 (as an example, a half portion on the outer circumference side). The inner circumference 30a is composed of the first wall surface 30b and the second wall surface 30c.

[0232] Next, the function of the protruding member 6-1 of the piping member 10B-1 will be described. The protruding member 6-1 is disposed in the vertical pipe 3 disposed on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-1. The curved pipe 15-1 allows water flowing from the horizontal pipe 4 to flow toward the vertical pipe 3. When the direction of the water flow in the curved pipe 15-1 changes significantly, as shown in FIG. Fig.14 As described above, the pressure loss caused by the peeling may become a factor in reducing the flow rate. This peeling is particularly likely to be significant when the water flow rate is fast. The faster the flow rate, the more likely the range of pressure loss will expand.

[0233] In the present embodiment, the piping member 10B-1 has a protruding member 6-1. By having the protruding member 6-1, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the pipe wall more easily than in the case where the protruding member 6-1 is not present, and (2) it can be expected that the portion itself where pressure loss is likely to occur can be reduced. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. The piping member 10B-1 can be miniaturized by only having the protruding member 6-1, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, without increasing the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side of the curved pipe 15-1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can be miniaturized while increasing the flow rate. The protruding member 6-1 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, and the protruding member 6-1 is not conspicuous when the piping system 1B is viewed as a whole. Therefore, it can be expected that the aesthetics of the piping system 1B as a whole can be improved.

[0234] [1.3.2 Effects, etc.]

[0235] The protruding members 6 - 1 and 6 - 2 described above are arranged in straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4 ) arranged downstream of the curved pipes 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 that change the direction of the flow path, thereby partially reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipes. The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 include: a main surface 61 extending from a first end 6a facing the upstream side to a second end 6b facing the downstream side and facing the center side of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4) when viewed from the direction of the center axis C3, C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4); a first side surface 62 and a second side surface 63 located on both sides of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the center axis C3, C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4); a first separation wall 64 located between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 and promoting the separation of the flow F1 along the main surface 61 and the flow F2 along the first side surface 62; and a second separation wall 65 located between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 and promoting the separation of the flow F1 along the main surface 61 and the flow F3 along the second side surface 63. This structure can increase the flow rate while being able to be miniaturized.

[0236] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, when viewed from the direction of the central axes C3 and C4 of the straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4), at least a portion of the main surface 61 is concave. This structure reduces the pressure loss in the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0237] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, when viewed from the direction of the central axes C3 and C4 of the straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4), the curvature radius of at least a portion of the main surface 61 is less than the curvature radius of the inner peripheral surface 30a of the straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4). This structure reduces the pressure loss at the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0238] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, the shape of the main surface 61 viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 and C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4) changes from a concave shape to a convex shape from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure makes it easy to generate the flow F1 along the main surface 61 of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0239] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4). The shape of the main surface 61 observed from the direction of the central axis C3 and C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4) is a convex shape at the top portion 6c. This structure makes it easy to generate a flow along the main surface 61 of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0240] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4). The width of the main surface 61 is narrowed from at least the first end 6a to the top portion 6c as it moves from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This structure enables the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to merge smoothly with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0241] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, when viewed from the center axes C3 and C4 of the straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4), at least a portion of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 is concave. This structure reduces the pressure loss in the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0242] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have a top 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4). The depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 becomes shallower as it goes from the top 6c to the second end 6b. This structure can smoothly merge the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2.

[0243] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 along the center axes C3 and C4 of the straight pipes (vertical pipes 3 and horizontal pipes 4). This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0244] In the protruding members 6 - 1 and 6 - 2 , the first end 6 a side portion of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 increases in width from the first end 6 a toward the second end 6 b . This structure can reduce pressure loss.

[0245] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4). When the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the center axis C3, C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4) is set to L, and the distance between the first end and the top portion in the direction of the center axis of the straight pipe is set to L1, 0.1L≤L1≤0.5L. This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0246] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 have a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4). When the maximum flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4) is A, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 at the top portion 6c is A1, A1 / A≤0.4. This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0247] In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, when the inner diameter of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4) is d and the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 and C4 of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3 and horizontal pipe 4) is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d. This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0248] The piping members 10B-1 and 10B-2 described above include the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 and the straight pipes (the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4). This structure can increase the flow rate while being compact.

[0249] The piping system 1B described above includes a vertical pipe 3 fixed to a wall surface 11b of a building 11, a horizontal pipe 4 located between a water collection port 2b of rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3, a first curved pipe 15-1 located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3, a second curved pipe 15-2 located between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, and protruding members 6-1 and 6-2. The protruding member 6-1 is arranged so that at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3 is a straight pipe, and the protruding member 6-2 is arranged so that at least a portion of the horizontal pipe 4 is a straight pipe. This structure can be miniaturized and increase the flow rate.

[0250] [1.4 Implementation method 4]

[0251] [1.4.1 Structure]

[0252] Fig.34 This is a schematic diagram of the piping system 1C of the fourth embodiment. The piping system 1C is a piping system for conveying fluids having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. Fluids having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more can be said to be fluids whose flow in a cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of fluids include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, waste water, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flows (mixtures of liquids and gases). In the present embodiment, the piping system 1C is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1C is a rainwater pipe trough system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11 and flows it to the box hopper 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1C constitutes a flow path for rainwater.

[0253] The piping system 1C includes a gutter 2 , a vertical pipe 3 , a horizontal pipe 4 , bent pipes 15 - 1 and 15 - 2 , protruding members 6 - 1 , 6 - 2 , 6 - 3 , and 6 - 4 , a vertical pipe 7 , and a discharge pipe 8 .

[0254] In the piping system 1C, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the water collection port 2b, but is connected to the water collection port 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the vertical pipe 7, and the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2. In the piping system 1C, the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7 are each a straight pipe portion. The straight pipe portion defines a linear flow path. That is, the piping system 1C has a plurality of straight pipe portions. The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3), a second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7). The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are joints. The joints connect the straight pipe portions to each other.

[0255] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located inside corresponding straight pipes among the plurality of straight pipes (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7) and are used to locally reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe. In the present embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the first straight pipe (vertical pipe 3). The protruding member 6-2 corresponds to the second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4). The protruding member 6-3 corresponds to the second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4). The protruding member 6-4 corresponds to the third straight pipe (vertical pipe 7).

[0256] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, together with the corresponding straight pipe portions (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7), respectively constitute the piping members 10B-1 to 10B-4. More specifically, the piping member 10B-1 includes the protruding member 6-1 and the vertical pipe 3. The piping member 10B-2 includes the protruding member 6-2 and the horizontal pipe 4. The piping member 10B-3 includes the protruding member 6-3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The piping member 10B-4 includes the protruding member 6-4 and the vertical pipe 7.

[0257] The protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 have the same structure. Therefore, although the piping members 10B-1 to 10B-4 are different in the structure of the straight pipe portion, they are substantially the same structure. The piping member 10B-1 has been described in detail above. As long as a person skilled in the art can easily understand the description of the piping member 10B-1 as a description of the piping members 10B-2 to 10B-4 by rereading the description related to the straight pipe portion of the piping member 10B-1 as the description related to the straight pipe portion of other piping members 10B-2 to 10B-4.

[0258] The protruding member 6-1 is located at the end portion (end portion 3a on the upstream side) on the first curved pipe 15-1 side in the vertical pipe 3. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is located on the inner peripheral side ( Fig.34 In the protruding member 6-1, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the first curved tube 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a flow of fluid from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b occurs.

[0259] In the present embodiment, the piping member 10B-1 has a protruding member 6-1. By having the protruding member 6-1, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the pipe wall more easily than in the case where the protruding member 6-1 is not present, and (2) it can be expected that the portion itself where pressure loss is likely to occur can be reduced. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling at the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. The piping member 10B-1 can be miniaturized by only having the protruding member 6-1, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, without increasing the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side of the curved pipe 15-1. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can be miniaturized while increasing the flow rate. The protruding member 6-1 is located inside the vertical pipe 3, and the protruding member 6-1 is not conspicuous when the piping system 1C is viewed as a whole. Therefore, it can be expected that the aesthetics of the piping system 1C as a whole will be improved.

[0260] In the piping system 1C, the direction of the water flow also changes significantly in the curved pipe 15-2, so the pressure loss caused by the peeling may become a factor in reducing the flow rate. The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end of the curved pipe 15-2 side in the cross pipe 4 (the end 4a on the upstream side). In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the inner circumference of the curved pipe 15-2 in the cross pipe 4 ( Fig.346a is located at the upper side of the protrusion member 6-2. In the protrusion member 6-2, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the curved tube 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protrusion member 6-2, a flow of fluid from the first end 6a to the second end 6b occurs. By the presence of the protrusion member 6-2, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the tube wall more easily than in the case where the protrusion member 6-2 is not present, and (2) it can be expected that the portion itself where there is a possibility of pressure loss can be reduced. Therefore, the protrusion member 6-2 reduces the pressure loss caused by the peeling at the downstream side from the curved tube 15-2, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. The piping member 10B-2 can be miniaturized without increasing the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side of the curved tube 15-2, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, simply by having the protrusion member 6-2. Therefore, the protrusion member 6-2 can be miniaturized while increasing the flow rate. The protruding member 6 - 2 is located inside the cross pipe 4 , and the protruding member 6 - 2 is not noticeable when the piping system 1C is viewed as a whole. This can improve the aesthetics of the piping system 1C as a whole.

[0261] In the piping system 1C, there is a range in which pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. The protruding member 6-3 is located at the end portion (end portion 4b on the downstream side) on the bent pipe 15-1 side inside the cross pipe 4. In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is located on the inner circumference side ( Fig.34 The protruding member 6-3 has a top 6c that is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the first curved pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a flow of fluid from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a occurs. The protruding member 6-3 allows water to be guided within a range where pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-1. As a result, it is expected that the portion itself where pressure loss is likely to occur can be reduced. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling on the downstream side from the curved pipe 15-1, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. The piping member 10B-3 can be miniaturized without increasing the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side of the curved pipe 15-1, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, simply by having the protruding member 6-3. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized. The protruding member 6 - 3 is located inside the cross pipe 4 , and the protruding member 6 - 3 is not noticeable when the piping system 1C is viewed as a whole. This can improve the aesthetics of the piping system 1C as a whole.

[0262] In the piping system 1C, there is a range in which pressure loss due to peeling is likely to occur on the downstream side of the curved pipe 15-2. The protruding member 6-4 is located at the end portion (end portion 7b on the downstream side) on the curved pipe 15-2 side inside the vertical pipe 7. In particular, the protruding member 6-4 is located on the inner circumference side of the curved pipe 15-2 in the vertical pipe 7 ( Fig.34 ). In the protruding member 6-4, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the curved tube 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-4, a flow of fluid from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a occurs. The presence of the protruding member 6-4 enables water to be guided within a range where pressure loss caused by peeling is likely to occur on the downstream side of the curved tube 15-2. As a result, it is expected that the portion itself where there is a possibility of pressure loss can be reduced. Therefore, the protruding member 6-4 reduces the pressure loss caused by peeling on the downstream side from the curved tube 15-2, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. The piping member 10B-4 can be miniaturized without increasing the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side of the curved tube 15-2, unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, simply by having the protruding member 6-4. Therefore, the protruding member 6-4 can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized. The protruding member 6 - 4 is located inside the riser pipe 7 , and the protruding member 6 - 4 is not noticeable when the piping system 1C is viewed as a whole. This can improve the aesthetics of the piping system 1C as a whole.

[0263] As described above, in the piping system 1C, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may cause pressure loss in the pipeline. When there are multiple bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 in the pipeline, each bent pipe 15-1 and 15-2 is basically equivalent in the pipeline. Although it also depends on the shape of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, they generally have a loss coefficient of about 0.3 to 1.5. Here, if the protruding member 6 is arranged on either the upstream side or the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the influence of the pressure loss caused by one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be reduced. In particular, if the protruding member 6 is disposed on both the upstream side and the downstream side of one of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the fluid flows along the protruding member 6 from the upstream side to the downstream side of one of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, so that the fluid can flow smoothly in the curved flow path inside one of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, which can further reduce the pressure loss. Therefore, as in the piping system 1C, if the protruding member 6 is disposed on both the upstream side and the downstream side of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the pressure loss of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be greatly reduced, and the effect of reducing the pressure loss can be maximized.

[0264] [1.4.2 Effects, etc.]

[0265] The piping system 1C described above is a piping system for conveying a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, wherein the piping system 1C comprises: a plurality of straight pipes (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7); one or more joints (bend pipes 15-1, 15-2) connecting the plurality of straight pipes to each other; and one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, which are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipes among the plurality of straight pipes and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipes. This structure can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized.

[0266] In the piping system 1C, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 have a top portion 6c located between a first end 6a and a second end 6b in the flow direction of the fluid flowing in one or more corresponding straight pipe portions and minimizing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe portion. This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0267] In the piping system 1C, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located at ends (3a, 4a, 4b, 7b) on the side of one or more joints (bent pipes 15-1, 15-2) in one or more corresponding straight pipes (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7). This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0268] In the piping system 1C, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b in the flow direction. In one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, the first end 6a is located closer to one or more joints (bend pipes 15-1, 15-2) than the second end 6b. This structure can increase the flow rate.

[0269] In the piping system 1C, a plurality of straight pipes (vertical pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7) include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe (vertical pipe 3), a second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe (vertical pipe 7). One or more joints (bend pipes 15-1, 15-2) include a first bend pipe 15-1 connecting the first straight pipe (vertical pipe 3) and the second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4) and a second bend pipe 15-2 connecting the second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4) and the third straight pipe (vertical pipe 7). This structure can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized.

[0270] In the piping system 1C, one or more protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are located at least one of the following positions: the inner peripheral side of the first curved pipe 15-1 at the end 3a on the first curved pipe 15-1 side in the first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3); the inner peripheral side of the second curved pipe 15-2 at the end 4a on the second curved pipe 15-2 side in the second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4); the inner peripheral side of the first curved pipe 15-1 at the end 4b on the first curved pipe 15-1 side in the second straight pipe portion (horizontal pipe 4); and the inner peripheral side of the second curved pipe 15-2 at the end 7b on the second curved pipe 15-2 side in the third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7). This structure can reduce the generation of turbulence and increase the flow rate.

[0271] In the piping system 1C, the first curved pipe 15-1 and the second curved pipe 15-2 are 90° elbows. Compared with a 45° elbow, this structure can shorten the second straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4) even though the distance between the center axis C3 of the first straight pipe (vertical pipe 3) and the center axis C7 of the third straight pipe (vertical pipe 7) is longer.

[0272] In the piping system 1C, the first straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 3) and the third straight pipe portion (vertical pipe 7) are arranged along the vertical direction. This structure can increase the flow rate while achieving miniaturization.

[0273] [1.5 Implementation method 5]

[0274] [1.5.1 Structure]

[0275] Fig.35 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1D according to Embodiment 2. The piping system 1D is a rainwater pipe trough system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11 and flows it to the tank 21 on the ground 20, similarly to the piping system 1C. The piping system 1D includes a gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, curved pipes 15D-1 and 15D-2, protruding members 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4, a vertical pipe 7, and a discharge pipe 8.

[0276] The bent pipe 15D-1 is a first bent pipe connecting the vertical pipe 3 (first straight pipe portion) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe portion). The bent pipe 15D-2 is a second bent pipe connecting the vertical pipe 7 (third straight pipe portion) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe portion).

[0277] In this embodiment, the bent pipes 15D-1 and 15D-2 are 45° elbows. The 45° elbow may be, for example, a 45° elbow (so-called 45L) specified in JIS K6739. The angle between the central axes of the sockets 151 and 152 may be, for example, 45° specified in JIS K 6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage".

[0278] Compared with a 90° elbow, a 45° elbow can reduce the angle between the center axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the center axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 and the angle between the center axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the center axis C7 of the vertical pipe 7, thereby reducing the degree of curvature of the flow path and reducing the pressure loss at the curved pipes 15D-1 and 15D-2.

[0279] [1.5.2 Effects, etc.]

[0280] In the piping system 1D, the first bend pipe 15D-1 and the second bend pipe 15D-2 are 45° elbows. This structure can reduce the pressure loss in the first bend pipe 15D-1 and the second bend pipe 15D-2 compared to a 90° elbow.

[0281] [1.6 Implementation Method 6]

[0282] [1.6.1 Structure]

[0283] Fig.36 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1E according to Embodiment 6. The piping system 1E is a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. In this embodiment, the piping system 1E is used to transport the fluid from a starting point to a plurality of destinations. The piping system 1E can be used, for example, in a factory as part of a facility piping system for supplying a desired fluid from a storage tank to a plurality of locations.

[0284] The piping system 1E includes a plurality of straight pipe portions (first to fourth straight pipe portions) 211 to 214 , a plurality of joints 221 and 222 , and a protruding member 6 .

[0285] The first to fourth straight tubes 211 to 214 define a linear flow path. The first to fourth straight tubes 211 to 214 are straight tube-shaped. The cross-sections of the first to fourth straight tubes 211 to 214 perpendicular to the central axes C211 to C214 are circular. The first to fourth straight tubes 211 to 214 have the same diameter.

[0286] The first straight pipe portion 211 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C211 of the first straight pipe portion 211 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The first straight pipe portion 211 has an upstream end 211a and a downstream end 211b. The downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe portion 211 is connected to the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213 via a joint 221. The upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe portion 211 is connected to the fourth straight pipe portion 214 via a joint 222.

[0287] The second straight pipe portion 212 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C212 of the second straight pipe portion 212 and the direction intersecting the vertical direction (for example, the horizontal direction) coincide with each other. The upstream end 212a of the second straight pipe portion 212 is connected to the downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe portion 211 via the joint 221.

[0288] The third straight pipe 213 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C213 of the third straight pipe 213 coincides with a direction intersecting the vertical direction (e.g., horizontal direction). The upstream end 213a of the third straight pipe 213 is connected to the downstream end 211b of the first straight pipe 211 via a joint 221.

[0289] The fourth straight pipe portion 214 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C214 of the fourth straight pipe portion 214 and the direction intersecting the vertical direction (for example, the horizontal direction) coincide with each other. The downstream end 214a of the fourth straight pipe portion 214 is connected to the upstream end 211a of the first straight pipe portion 211 via a joint 222.

[0290] As an example, the material of the first to fourth straight pipes 211 to 214 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions, such as the outer shape and thickness of the first to fourth straight pipes 211 to 214 can be set in accordance with the standard of rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe".

[0291] The joint 221 connects the first straight pipe portion 211 with the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213. The joint 221 is a manifold pipe joint (Tee) that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe portion 211 and flows out from the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213. The joint 221 has sockets 221a to 221c that are respectively connected to the piping components and a main body 221d that connects the sockets 221a to 221c to each other. In the joint 221, the end 211b on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion 211 is connected to the socket 221a, and the end 212a and 213a on the upstream side of the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213 are connected to the sockets 221b and 221c. As an example, the material of the joint 221 is hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0292] The joint 222 is a curved pipe that changes the direction of the flow path. The joint 222 is a connection joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The joint 222 has sockets 222a and 222b that respectively connect the piping components on the upstream side and the downstream side, and a curved portion 222c that connects the sockets 222a and 222b to each other. In the joint 222, the end 214a on the downstream side of the fourth straight pipe portion 214 is connected to the socket 222a, and the end 211a on the upstream side of the first straight pipe portion 211 is connected to the socket 222b.

[0293] As an example, the material of the joint 222 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The size of the joint 222 can be set according to, for example, the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". In the present embodiment, the joint 222 is a 90° elbow. The 90° elbow can be, for example, a 90° curved elbow (so-called DL) specified by JIS K 6739.

[0294] The protruding member 6 is located inside a corresponding straight tube portion 211 among the plurality of straight tube portions 211 to 214, and serves to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tube portion 211. The protruding member 6 and the corresponding straight tube portion 211 together constitute the piping member 10E.

[0295] Fig.37 yes Fig.36 The protruding member 6 is located at the end portion (end portion 211b on the downstream side) on the joint 221 side in the first straight tube portion 211. In particular, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumference side of the joint 222 in the first straight tube portion 211 ( Fig.37 ). The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211. The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211 is consistent with the direction of the central axis C211 of the first straight tube portion 211. In the protruding member 6, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of the fluid from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a is generated.

[0296] Fig.38 yes Fig.37 In the protruding member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can contact the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211. Fig.38 As shown, the protruding member 6 causes a flow F1 along the main face, a flow F2 along the first side face 62 , and a flow F3 along the second side face 63 .

[0297] In the piping system 1E described above, the first straight pipe portion 211 is located on the downstream side of the joint 222 as a curved pipe, and water flows from the fourth straight pipe portion 214 through the joint 222 from the end portion 211a on the upstream side of the first straight pipe portion 211 to the first straight pipe portion 211. Water flows from the first straight pipe portion 211 through the end portion 211b on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion 211 to the socket 221a of the joint 221. The joint 221 branches the water flowing in from the socket 221a into water flowing out from the socket 221b and water flowing out from the socket 221c. The water flowing out from the socket 221b flows into the second straight pipe portion 212 through the end portion 212a on the upstream side of the second straight pipe portion 212. The water flowing out from the socket 221c flows into the third straight pipe portion 213 through the end portion 213a on the upstream side of the third straight pipe portion 213.

[0298] In the piping system 1E, the direction in which water flows in the fourth straight pipe section 214 is the same as the direction in which water flows in the third straight pipe section 213, but is opposite to the direction in which water flows in the second straight pipe section 212. This may be a factor that causes the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe section 212 to be smaller than the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe section 213, that is, a factor that causes the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 to become uneven. The uneven flow may hinder the supply of the desired fluid from the storage tank to multiple locations. Here, in order to reduce the uneven flow, it is considered to use a manifold pipe joint with one end blocked instead of the bent pipe as the joint 222. In the manifold pipe joint with one end blocked, the flow of water from the fourth straight pipe section 214 is blocked at the blocked end to cause water stagnation, which is intentionally uneven, thereby causing the flow toward the second straight pipe section 212. As a result, the flow rate to the second straight pipe section 212 increases, and the uneven flow can be reduced. In this way, if a manifold pipe joint with one end blocked is used as the joint 221, the deviation flow can be reduced. However, there are the following problems. That is, the joint 222 itself becomes larger than the case of the curved pipe. It may also affect the aesthetics of the piping system 1E as a whole. As for the retention of the flow of water from the fourth straight pipe portion 214, if the overall flow of the piping system 1E is considered, it may become a factor that reduces the overall flow rate.

[0299] In the present embodiment, a protruding member 6 is arranged in the first straight pipe portion 211, and the protruding member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protruding member 6. This can lead to an increase in the flow rate from the first straight pipe portion 211 to the second straight pipe portion 212. As a result, the difference between the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe portion 212 and the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe portion 213 becomes smaller, and the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 is uniformed. The piping member 10E can be miniaturized by only having the protruding member 6, without setting the joint 222 as a manifold pipe joint with one end blocked. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can increase the flow rate while being miniaturized. The protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe portion 211, and the protruding member 6 is not conspicuous when the piping system 1E is observed as a whole. As a result, it can be expected that the aesthetics of the piping system 1E as a whole will be improved.

[0300] Thus, in the piping system 1E having the joint 221 as a manifold joint, in order to avoid biased flow after branching, the protruding member 6 is arranged before the branch on the side of the direction where the fluid is difficult to flow (the second straight pipe portion 212 side), thereby promoting the flow of the fluid in the direction where the fluid is difficult to flow. Thus, the flow of the fluid in both directions after branching can be adjusted, and as a result, the biased flow can be suppressed.

[0301] [1.6.2 Effects, etc.]

[0302] In the piping system 1E described above, the plurality of straight pipes 211 to 213 include a first straight pipe 211, a second straight pipe 212, and a third straight pipe 213. One or more joints 221 include a manifold pipe joint that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe 211 and flows out from the second straight pipe 212 and the third straight pipe 213. This structure enables branching of the fluid.

[0303] In the piping system 1E, the first straight pipe portion 211 is located on the downstream side of the joint (bend pipe) 222. The end portion 211b of the one or more protruding members 6 on the joint 221 (manifold pipe joint) side of the first straight pipe portion 211 is located on the inner circumference side of the joint 222 (bend pipe). This structure can increase the flow rate from the first straight pipe portion 211 to the second straight pipe portion 212. As a result, the difference between the flow rate from the joint 221 to the second straight pipe portion 212 and the flow rate from the joint 221 to the third straight pipe portion 213 is reduced, and the flow rate after branching by the joint 221 is made uniform.

[0304] [1.7 Implementation method 7]

[0305] [1.7.1 Structure]

[0306] Fig.39This is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1F according to Embodiment 7. The piping system 1F is used to transport a fluid from a starting point to a plurality of destinations, similarly to the piping system 1E.

[0307] The piping system 1F includes a plurality of straight pipe portions (first to fourth straight pipe portions) 211 to 214 , a plurality of joints 221 and 222 , and protruding members 6 - 1 and 6 - 2 .

[0308] The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are located inside the corresponding straight tubes 212 and 213 among the plurality of straight tubes 211 to 214 and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tubes 212 and 213. The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 together with the corresponding straight tubes 212 and 213 constitute the piping members 10F-1 and 10F-2.

[0309] Fig.40 yes Fig.39 The protruding member 6-1 is located at the end portion (end portion 212a on the upstream side) on the joint 221 side of the second straight pipe portion 212. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is located at the first straight pipe portion 211 side of the second straight pipe portion 212 ( Fig.40 The length direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the second straight tube portion 212. The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the second straight tube portion 212 is consistent with the direction of the central axis C212 of the second straight tube portion 212. In the protruding member 6-1, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a flow of the fluid from the first end 6a to the second end 6b occurs.

[0310] The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end portion (end portion 213a on the upstream side) on the joint 221 side of the third straight pipe portion 213. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the first straight pipe portion 211 side of the third straight pipe portion 213 ( Fig.40 The length direction of the protruding member 6-2 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the third straight tube portion 213. The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the third straight tube portion 213 is consistent with the direction of the central axis C213 of the third straight tube portion 213. In the protruding member 6-2, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the joint 221 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a flow of the fluid from the first end 6a to the second end 6b occurs.

[0311] Fig.41 yes Fig.40 In the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can contact the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211. Fig.41 As shown, the protruding members 6 - 1 , 6 - 2 induce a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62 , and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63 .

[0312] In the piping system 1F described above, the joint 221 branches the water flowing in from the first straight pipe portion 211 through the socket 221a into water flowing out from the socket 221b to the second straight pipe portion 212 and water flowing out from the socket 221c to the third straight pipe portion 213. When the water is branched in this way, the first straight pipe portion 211 side (ends 212a and 213a on the upstream side) at the end of the joint 221 side in the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213 (ends 212a and 213a on the upstream side) Fig.40 The turbulent flow not only hinders the flow of water, but also wears the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe portion 212 or the third straight pipe portion 213, which may become a factor of local thinning of the second straight pipe portion 212 or the third straight pipe portion 213. It is cumbersome to foresee the danger of thinning (thickness reduction) of such a pipe member or to perform maintenance.

[0313] In the present embodiment, the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged in the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, and the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2 generate flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2. By the presence of the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the pipe wall more easily than in the case where the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2 are not present, and (2) it can be expected that the region itself where turbulence is likely to occur can be reduced. Therefore, the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-2 reduce the generation of turbulence at the end portion (end portion 212a and 213a on the upstream side) on the joint 221 side of the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. As a result, the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe section 212 and the third straight pipe section 213 can be protected, and the life of the piping system 1F can be extended. In addition, the piping member 10F-1 can reduce turbulence only by having the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, so there is no need to install a manifold pipe joint just to reduce turbulence, which can achieve miniaturization of the piping system 1F. Therefore, the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 can be miniaturized and increase the flow rate. The protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are located inside the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213, and the protruding member 6-1 is not conspicuous when observing the piping system 1F as a whole. As a result, it can be expected that the overall aesthetics of the piping system 1F will be improved.

[0314] [1.7.2 Effects, etc.]

[0315] In the piping system 1F described above, the end portions 212a and 213a of the one or more protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 on the joint 221 (manifold joint) side of at least one of the second straight pipe portion 212 and the third straight pipe portion 213 are located on the first straight pipe portion 211 side. This structure can improve the flow rate after branching at the joint 221.

[0316] [1.8 Implementation method 8]

[0317] [1.8.1 Structure]

[0318] Fig.42 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1G according to an eighth embodiment. The piping system 1G is a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. In this embodiment, the piping system 1G is used to transport the fluid from a starting point to a destination having an opening larger than that of the starting point. The piping system 1G can also be used as a part of a rainwater pipe trough system for transporting rainwater from a rainwater pipe trough to a tank section on the ground, or can be used as a part of a water supply system for supplying water from a storage tank to multiple locations in a factory or the like.

[0319] The piping system 1G includes a plurality of straight pipe portions (first to third straight pipe portions) 311 to 313 , a plurality of joints 321 and 322 , and a protruding member 6 .

[0320] The first to third straight tubes 311 to 313 define a linear flow path. The first to third straight tubes 311 to 313 are straight tube-shaped. The cross-sections of the first to third straight tubes 311 to 313 perpendicular to the central axes C311 to C313 are circular. The diameter of the second straight tube 312 is larger than the diameter of the first straight tube 311. The diameters of the first straight tube 311 and the third straight tube 313 are equal to each other.

[0321] The first straight pipe portion 311 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311 and the direction intersecting the up-down direction (for example, the horizontal direction) are consistent. The first straight pipe portion 311 has an upstream end 311a and a downstream end 311b. The downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe portion 311 is connected to the second straight pipe portion 312 via a joint 321. The upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe portion 311 is connected to the third straight pipe portion 313 via a joint 322.

[0322] The second straight pipe 312 is arranged such that the direction of the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe 312 coincides with the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe 311. The upstream end 312a of the second straight pipe 312 is connected to the downstream end 311b of the first straight pipe 311 via a joint 321.

[0323] The third straight pipe portion 313 is arranged such that the direction of the central axis C313 of the third straight pipe portion 313 coincides with the vertical direction. The downstream end 313a of the third straight pipe portion 313 is connected to the upstream end 311a of the first straight pipe portion 311 via a joint 322 .

[0324] As an example, the material of the first to third straight pipes 311 to 313 is hard polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions, such as the outer shape and thickness of the first to third straight pipes 311 to 313 can be set in accordance with the standard of hard polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe".

[0325] The joint 321 is an increaser that connects the first straight pipe portion 311 and the second straight pipe portion 312. In the present embodiment, the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311 coincides with the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 312. The joint 321 has sockets 321a and 321b that are respectively connected to the piping components, and a main body 321c that connects the sockets 321a and 321b to each other. The inner diameter of the socket 321a is smaller than the inner diameter of the socket 321b, and the inner diameter of the main body 321c gradually increases from the socket 321a toward the socket 321b. In the joint 321, the end 311b on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion 311 is connected to the socket 321a, and the end 312a on the upstream side of the second straight pipe portion 312 is connected to the socket 321b.

[0326] As an example, the material of the joint 321 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 321 can be set according to the standard of JIS K6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage", for example.

[0327] The joint 322 is a curved pipe that changes the direction of the flow path. The joint 322 is a connection joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The joint 322 has sockets 322a and 322b that respectively connect the piping components on the upstream side and the downstream side, and a curved portion 322c that connects the sockets 322a and 322b to each other. In the joint 322, the end 313a on the downstream side of the third straight pipe portion 313 is connected to the socket 322a, and the end 311a on the upstream side of the first straight pipe portion 311 is connected to the socket 322b.

[0328] As an example, the material of the joint 322 is, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The size of the joint 322 can be set according to the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage". In the present embodiment, the joint 322 is a 90° elbow. The 90° elbow can be, for example, a 90° curved elbow (so-called DL) specified by JIS K 6739.

[0329] The protruding member 6 is located inside a corresponding straight tube portion 311 among the plurality of straight tube portions 311 to 313, and serves to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tube portion 311. The protruding member 6 and the corresponding straight tube portion 311 together constitute the piping member 10G.

[0330] Fig.43 yes Fig.42 The protruding member 6 is located at the end portion (end portion 311b on the downstream side) on the joint 321 side in the first straight tube portion 311. In particular, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumference side of the joint 322 in the first straight tube portion 311 ( Fig.42 The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 311. The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 311 is consistent with the direction of the central axis C311 of the first straight tube portion 311. In the protruding member 6, the top 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the joint 321 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of the fluid from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a is generated.

[0331] Fig.44 yes Fig.43 In the protruding member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can contact the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211. Fig.44 As shown, the protruding member 6 causes a flow F1 along the main face, a flow F2 along the first side face 62 , and a flow F3 along the second side face 63 .

[0332] In the piping system 1G described above, the first straight pipe portion 311 is located on the downstream side of the joint 322 which is a curved pipe, and water flows from the third straight pipe portion 313 through the joint 322 and into the first straight pipe portion 311 from the end 311a on the upstream side of the first straight pipe portion 311. Water flows from the first straight pipe portion 311 through the end 311b on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion 311 into the socket 321a of the joint 321. The joint 321 expands the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path when allowing the water flowing in from the socket 321a to flow out from the socket 321b to the second straight pipe portion 312. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is expanded in this way, there is a region R300 (see FIG. 1 ) near the inner wall surface of the end portion (the end portion 312a on the upstream side) on the joint 321 side of the second straight pipe portion 312. Fig.43 ) tends to generate turbulence. Turbulence not only hinders the flow of water, but also grinds the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe portion 312, which may become a factor in the local thinning of the second straight pipe portion 312. It is cumbersome to foresee the danger of thinning (thickness reduction) of such a piping member or to perform maintenance.

[0333] In the present embodiment, the protrusion member 6 is arranged in the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protrusion member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protrusion member 6. By the presence of the protrusion member 6, (1) it can be expected that water will flow along the pipe wall more easily than in the case where the protrusion member 6 is not provided, and (2) it can be expected that the flow through the joint 321 will be smoothed. Therefore, the protrusion member 6 reduces the generation of turbulence at the end portion (end portion 312a on the upstream side) on the joint 321 side in the second straight pipe portion 312, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. As a result, the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe portion 312 can be protected, and the life of the piping system 1G can be extended. In addition, the piping member 10G can reduce the generation of turbulence only by including the protrusion member 6, so it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the joint 321 or the second straight pipe portion 312 in order to reduce the influence of turbulence, which can achieve miniaturization of the piping system 1G. Therefore, the protrusion member 6 can be miniaturized and the flow rate can be increased. The protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protruding member 6 is not conspicuous when the piping system 1G is viewed as a whole. This can improve the aesthetics of the piping system 1G as a whole.

[0334] [1.8.2 Effects, etc.]

[0335] In the piping system 1G described above, the plurality of straight pipes 311 and 312 include a first straight pipe 311 and a second straight pipe 312 having a larger diameter than the first straight pipe 311. One or more joints 321 are reducing joints that connect the first straight pipe 311 and the second straight pipe 312. This structure can achieve an increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path.

[0336] In the piping system 1G, the first straight pipe portion 311 is located on the downstream side of the joint 322 (bent pipe). One or more protruding members 6 are located on the inner circumference side of the joint 321 (reducing joint) side (end 311b on the downstream side) of the first straight pipe portion 311. This structure can reduce the generation of turbulence caused by the expansion of the flow path cross-sectional area at the reducing joint.

[0337] [1.9 Implementation method 9]

[0338] [1.9.1 Structure]

[0339] Fig.45 This is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1H according to Embodiment 6. Similar to the piping system 1G, the piping system 1H is used to transport a fluid from a starting point to a destination having an opening larger than that of the starting point.

[0340] The piping system 1H includes a plurality of straight pipe portions (first and second straight pipe portions) 311 and 312 , a joint 321H, and a protruding member 6 .

[0341] The joint 321H is a reducing joint that connects the first straight pipe portion 311 and the second straight pipe portion 312. In the present embodiment, the reducing joint is an eccentric reducing joint that offsets the center axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 212 from the center axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311. The joint 321H has sockets 321a and 321b that are respectively connected to the piping components, and a main body 321c that connects the sockets 321a and 321b to each other. The inner diameter of the socket 321a is smaller than the inner diameter of the socket 321b, and the inner diameter of the main body 321c gradually increases from the socket 321a toward the socket 321b. The center axis of the socket 321a and the center axis of the socket 321b are offset in such a manner that the center axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 212 is offset from the center axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311. In the joint 321H, the end 311 b on the downstream side of the first straight pipe portion 311 is connected to the bell 321 a , and the end 312 a on the upstream side of the second straight pipe portion 312 is connected to the bell 321 b .

[0342] As an example, the material of the joint 321H is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the joint 321H can be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage", for example.

[0343] The protruding member 6 is located inside a corresponding straight tube portion 311 among the plurality of straight tube portions 311 and 313, and serves to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tube portion 311. The protruding member 6 and the corresponding straight tube portion 311 together constitute the piping member 10H.

[0344] Fig.46 yes Fig.45 AA line cross-sectional view. The protruding member 6 is located at the end portion (end portion 311b on the downstream side) on the joint 321H side in the first straight tube portion 311. In particular, the end portion (end portion 311a on the downstream side) of the protruding member 6 on the joint 321H (eccentric reducer) side in the first straight tube portion 311 is located on the same side as the center axis C312 of the second straight tube portion 312 relative to the center axis C311 of the first straight tube portion 311. The length direction of the protruding member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 311. The flow direction of the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 311 coincides with the direction of the center axis C311 of the first straight tube portion 311. In the protruding member 6, the top portion 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is located closer to the joint 321H than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a flow of the fluid from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a occurs.

[0345] Fig.47 yes Fig.46 In the protruding member 6, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 and 63 can contact the fluid flowing in the first straight tube portion 211. Fig.47 As shown, the protruding member 6 causes a flow F1 along the main face, a flow F2 along the first side face 62 , and a flow F3 along the second side face 63 .

[0346] In the piping system 1H described above, the joint 321H increases the flow path cross-sectional area when water flowing in from the first straight pipe portion 311 through the socket 321a flows out from the socket 321b to the second straight pipe portion 312. When the flow path cross-sectional area is increased in this way, there is a tendency for turbulence to occur in a region R310 near the inner wall surface on the side opposite to the central axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311 relative to the central axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 312 at the end portion (end portion 312a on the upstream side) on the joint 321H side of the second straight pipe portion 312. The turbulence not only hinders the flow of water, but also grinds the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe portion 312, which may become a factor of local thinning of the second straight pipe portion 312. It is cumbersome to foresee dangers or perform maintenance on such thinning (thickness reduction) of the piping member.

[0347] In the present embodiment, the protrusion member 6 is arranged in the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protrusion member 6 generates flows F1, F2, and F3 along the protrusion member 6. The presence of the protrusion member 6 makes it possible to (1) expect water to flow along the pipe wall more easily than in the case where the protrusion member 6 is not present, and (2) expect smoothness of the flow through the joint 321H. Therefore, the protrusion member 6 reduces the generation of turbulence at the end portion (end portion 312a on the upstream side) on the joint 321H side in the second straight pipe portion 312, and can achieve an increase in flow rate. As a result, the inner wall surface of the second straight pipe portion 312 can be protected, and the life of the piping system 1H can be extended. In addition, the piping member 10H can reduce the generation of turbulence simply by having the protrusion member 6, so it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the joint 321H or the second straight pipe portion 312 in order to reduce the influence of turbulence, which can achieve miniaturization of the piping system 1H. Therefore, the protrusion member 6 can increase the flow rate while miniaturization. The protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe portion 311, and the protruding member 6 is not conspicuous when the piping system 1H is viewed as a whole. This can improve the aesthetics of the piping system 1H as a whole.

[0348] [1.9.2 Effects, etc.]

[0349] In the piping system 1H described above, the joint 321H (reducing joint) is an eccentric reducing joint that offsets the center axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 312 from the center axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311. The end portion (end portion 311a on the downstream side) of the joint 321H (eccentric reducing joint) side of the first straight pipe portion 311 is located on the same side as the center axis C312 of the second straight pipe portion 312 with respect to the center axis C311 of the first straight pipe portion 311. This structure can reduce the generation of turbulence caused by the expansion of the flow path cross-sectional area at the eccentric reducing joint.

[0350] [1.10 Implementation Method 10]

[0351] [1.10.1 Structure]

[0352] Embodiment 10 relates to a piping member, and in particular to a bent pipe.

[0353] Japanese Patent Gazette No. 57-40109 discloses a boundary layer control device for preventing separation caused by the flow of fluid along the wall in a curved pipe such as an elbow or a pipe elbow changing its direction along the wall, wherein a protrusion is provided on the wall at a separation point where separation occurs in the flow of the fluid so as to locally accelerate the flow of the fluid near the wall.

[0354] Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-40109 provides protrusions to prevent peeling, which causes pressure loss and flow disturbance. The protrusions may help prevent peeling, but they will narrow the flow path. When the flow path is narrowed, pressure loss may occur. Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-40109 does not record the shape and size of the protrusions, and even if the protrusions are provided, the pressure loss may not be reduced.

[0355] Embodiment 10 provides a piping member (elbow pipe) capable of reducing pressure loss.

[0356] Fig.48 This is a perspective view of an elbow 10I as a piping member according to Embodiment 10. The elbow 10I is used to change the direction of a flow path in a piping system.

[0357] The piping system is, for example, a rainwater pipe system, which is used to allow rainwater from a building to flow to a tank on the ground.

[0358] The elbow 10I is cylindrical, but the tube axis (center line) includes a curved portion and a straight portion. The material of the elbow 10I is, for example, hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0359] The curved pipe 10I has a first opening 102 and a second opening 103 at both ends. An inner peripheral surface 110 of the curved pipe 10I defines a curved flow path 104 .

[0360] The first opening 102 faces the upstream side. The upstream side is the side where the fluid flows into the elbow 10I. The second opening 103 faces the downstream side. The downstream side is the side where the fluid flows out of the elbow 10I. The curved flow path 104 connects the first opening 102 with the second opening 103. In the present embodiment, the curved flow path 104 connects the first opening 102 with the second opening 103 in a manner that the center axis C102 of the first opening 102 intersects the center axis C103 of the second opening 103. The angle between the center axis C102 and the center axis C103 is not particularly limited. In the present embodiment, for example, the angle between the center axis C102 and the center axis C103 is 91.17° as specified by JIS K6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage".

[0361] Fig.49 is a cross-sectional view of the elbow 10I. Fig.50 This is a diagram when the elbow 10I is viewed from the first opening 102 side. Fig.51 yes Fig.49 A-A line cross-sectional view.

[0362] As from Fig.49 As can be well understood in the figure, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 104 is not constant, and there is a reduced portion 104a where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 104 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening 102. The first wall surface 111 on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 104 protrudes toward the second wall surface 112 on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 104 in such a manner that the reduced portion 104a exists between the corner portion 104b on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 104 and the first opening 102. The first wall surface 111 is a portion on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 104 in the inner circumference 110 of the curved pipe 10I (as an example, a half portion on the inner circumference side). The second wall surface 112 is a portion on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 104 in the inner circumference 110 of the curved pipe 10I (as an example, a half portion on the outer circumference side). That is, the inner circumference 110 of the curved pipe 10I is composed of the first wall surface 111 and the second wall surface 112.

[0363] In the curved pipe 10I, the first wall surface 111 on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 104 protrudes (partially) toward the second wall surface 112 on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path 104 in such a manner that a reduced portion 104a where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 104 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening 102 exists between the corner portion 104b on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path 104 and the first opening 102. That is, the first wall surface 111 includes a protruding portion 105 protruding from the first wall surface 111 toward the second wall surface 112 in such a manner that the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 104 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 103. The protruding portion 105 is a portion of the first wall surface 111 where the reduced portion 104a is formed.

[0364] The protrusion 105 has a downstream end 105a and an upstream end 105b. The downstream end 105a is an end on the second opening 103 side of the protrusion 105. The upstream end 105b is an end on the first opening 102 side of the protrusion 105. The downstream end 105a of the protrusion 105 is preferably aligned with the corner 104b or located near the corner 104b on the first opening 102 side relative to the corner 104b.

[0365] The height of the protrusion 105 varies along the direction of the central axis C102 of the first opening 102. The protrusion 105 has a top 105c which is the highest part of the protrusion 105 between the downstream end 105a and the upstream end 105b. Fig.49 as well as Fig.50 As shown, the height of the protrusion 105 is based on the surface corresponding to the diameter of the first opening 102 .

[0366] The height of the protrusion 105 increases from the end 105b on the upstream side toward the top 105c. That is, at any point between the end 105b on the upstream side and the top 105c, if the distance from the end 105b on the upstream side to any point increases, the height of the protrusion 105 at any point also increases. In this embodiment, the increase in the height of the protrusion 105 decreases as it approaches the top 105c. That is, the height of the protrusion 105 increases in a logarithmic function from the end 105b on the upstream side to the top 105c. Thus, the pressure loss is further reduced.

[0367] The height of the protrusion 105 decreases from the top 105c toward the end 105a on the downstream side. That is, at any point between the top 105c and the end 105a on the downstream side, if the distance from the top 105c to the arbitrary point increases, the height of the protrusion 105 at the arbitrary point decreases. In this embodiment, the amount of decrease in the height of the protrusion 105 increases as it approaches the end 105a on the downstream side. That is, the height of the protrusion 105 decreases exponentially from the top 105c to the end 105a on the downstream side. As a result, the pressure loss is further reduced.

[0368] The protrusion 105 minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction portion 104a at the top 105c. That is, the top 105c corresponds to the portion of the contraction portion 104a where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest.

[0369] In the cross section of the protrusion 105 orthogonal to the width direction, the protrusion 105 includes a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 112 at the top 105c. This can increase the flow rate. From another point of view, the protrusion 105 only needs to have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 112 in a manner that produces a wall effect. A solution with a smaller surface roughness of the protrusion 105 can be expected to increase the flow rate, so it is preferred.

[0370] according to Fig.50 as well as Fig.51 When viewed from the first opening 102, the protrusion 105 is in a shape that does not protrude from the straight line connecting the two ends of the protrusion 105 in the width direction toward the second wall surface 112. Thus, the pressure loss is further reduced. In the present embodiment, in the cross section orthogonal to the central axis C102 of the first opening 102, the surface of the protrusion 105 on the second wall surface 112 side is located on the straight line connecting the two ends of the protrusion 105 in the width direction.

[0371] Reference Fig.48 , Fig.49 as well as Fig.51 . The distance L1 from the end 105a on the downstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c, the distance L2 from the end 105b on the upstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c, and the height h of the protrusion 105 at the top 105c are set based on the diameter d of the first opening 102 of the elbow 10I. The distances L1 and L2 are distances along the length direction of the protrusion 105. In the present embodiment, the length direction of the protrusion 105 coincides with the direction of the central axis C102 of the first opening 102. When the length of the protrusion 105 is set to L, L=L1+L2.

[0372] [1.10.2 Evaluation]

[0373] In order to confirm the effect of the protrusion 105, the conditions of L1, L2, and h of the protrusion 105 were changed to evaluate the pressure loss ratio. The pressure loss ratio indicates the change in pressure loss caused by the presence or absence of the protrusion 105 in the elbow 10I. Specifically, it is the ratio of the pressure loss of the elbow 10I of the embodiment having the protrusion 105 to the pressure loss of the elbow of the comparative example without the protrusion 105 (i.e., without the reduced portion 104a). The numerical calculation software COMSOL Multiphysics (registered trademark) was used in the evaluation of the pressure loss ratio. Since the elbow 10I is assumed to be used in a turbulent flow area, the Reynolds number is set to be 10,000 or more.

[0374] Fig.52 : is a graph showing the relationship between the Reynolds number (Re) and the pressure loss ratio under the first condition. Under the first condition, h=0.4d, L1=L2=d are set, and the Reynolds number Re is changed. Fig.52 The horizontal axis shows the logarithm of the Reynolds number Re. Fig.52 It can be understood that the pressure loss ratio decreases with the increase of the Reynolds number Re. This means that the effect of reducing the pressure loss brought by the protrusion 105 is greater as the Reynolds number Re increases. Therefore, it was confirmed that if L1, L2, and h of the protrusion 105 are set so that the pressure loss ratio becomes less than 1 when Re=10000, the pressure loss ratio can be made less than 1 when Re>10000.

[0375] Fig.53 The graph shows the relationship between the ratio (L / d) of the length L of the protrusion 105 to the diameter d of the first opening 102 and the pressure loss ratio under the second condition. Under the second condition, Re=10000, L1=0.4d, h=0.4d, and L2 is changed to change L.

[0376] Fig.54 The graph shows the relationship between the ratio (L / d) of the length L of the protrusion 105 to the diameter d of the first opening 102 and the pressure loss ratio under the third condition. Under the third condition, Re=10000, L1=L2, h=0.4d, and L2 is changed to change L.

[0377] Fig.55 The graph shows the relationship between the ratio (L / d) of the length L of the protrusion 105 to the diameter d of the first opening 102 and the pressure loss ratio under the fourth condition. Under the fourth condition, Re=1000000, L1=0.4d, h=0.4d, and L2 is changed to change L.

[0378] Fig.56 The graph shows the relationship between the ratio (L / d) of the length L of the protrusion 105 to the diameter d of the first opening 102 and the pressure loss ratio under the fifth condition. Under the fifth condition, Re=1000000, L1=L2, h=0.4d, and L2 is changed to change L.

[0379] according to Figure 53 to Figure 56 It was confirmed that a good pressure loss ratio was obtained in the range of 0.8≤L / d≤7.0. Fig.55 The fourth condition is Fig.53 In the second condition, Re is set from 10000 to 1000000. Fig.56 The fifth condition is in Fig.54 The third condition of is obtained by setting Re from 10000 to 1000000. Fig.53 and Fig.55 Comparison Fig.54 and Fig.56By comparison, it was confirmed that if L1, L2, and h of the protrusion 105 are set so that the pressure loss ratio becomes 1 or less when Re=10000, the pressure loss ratio can be made less than 1 when Re>10000.

[0380] Fig.57 : is a graph showing the relationship between the height h of the protrusion 105 and the pressure loss ratio under the sixth condition. Under the sixth condition, Re=10000, L1=L2=d, and h is changed. h=0 means that there is no protrusion 105. Fig.57 It was confirmed that a good pressure loss ratio was obtained when h≤0.4d.

[0381] According to the above results, it is preferable to satisfy h≤0.4d, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤7d, and 0.4d≤L1≤L2. This can reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0382] Furthermore, it is preferable that 0.1d≤h≤0.3d is satisfied. This can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0383] Furthermore, it is preferable that 0.8d≤L1+L2≤4.5d is satisfied. This can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0384] Furthermore, it is preferable that 1.2d≤L1+L2≤4.5d is satisfied. This can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0385] Furthermore, it is preferable to satisfy 0.4d≤L1≤0.4L2. This can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid. In particular, 0.3L2≤L1≤0.4L2 is preferable.

[0386] Furthermore, the fluid flowing in the flow path preferably satisfies Re ≥ 10000. This can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0387] Fig.58 : is a graph showing the relationship between the Reynolds number and the pressure loss ratio under the seventh condition. In the seventh condition, h=0.3d, L1=0.5d, L2=1.5d are set to change Re. Moreover, in the seventh condition, the curve from the end 105a on the downstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c is set to an elliptical arc with a major radius equal to L1, and the curve from the end 105b on the upstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c is set to an elliptical arc with a major radius equal to L2. If Fig.52 Compared with the second condition of , it was confirmed that the pressure loss can be reduced by 40% to 70%. Therefore, it is preferable that L1<L2.

[0388] [1.10.3 Effects, etc.]

[0389] The elbow 101 described above is an elbow that changes the direction of the flow path, and includes a first opening 102 facing the upstream side, a second opening 103 facing the downstream side, a curved flow path 104 connecting the first opening 102 and the second opening 103, and a protrusion 105 that protrudes from a first wall surface 111 on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 104 toward a second wall surface 112 on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path 104 so that a reduced portion 104a having a flow path cross-sectional area smaller than that of the first opening 102 exists between a corner portion 104b on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path 104 and the first opening 102. The protrusion 105 includes a top portion 105c where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest in the reduced portion 104a. When the diameter of the first opening 102 is d, the height of the protrusion 105 at the top 105c is h, the distance from the end 105a on the downstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c in the direction of the central axis C102 of the first opening 102 is L1, and the distance from the end 105b on the upstream side of the protrusion 105 to the top 105c in the direction of the central axis C102 of the first opening 102 is L2, h≤0.4d, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤7d, and 0.4d≤L1≤L2 are satisfied. This structure can reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0390] In the elbow 10I, 0.1d≤h≤0.3d is satisfied. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0391] In the elbow 10I, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤4.5d is satisfied. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0392] In the elbow 10I, 1.2d≤L1+L2≤4.5d is satisfied. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0393] In the elbow 10I, 0.4d≤L1≤0.4L2 is satisfied. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0394] In the elbow 10I, the fluid flowing in the flow path satisfies Re ≥ 10000. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0395] In the elbow 10I, the height of the protrusion 105 increases from the upstream end 105b to the top 105c. The increase in the height of the protrusion 105 decreases as it approaches the top 105c from the upstream end 105b. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0396] In the elbow 10I, the height of the protrusion 105 decreases from the top 105c to the downstream end 105a. The amount of decrease in the height of the protrusion 105 increases from the top 105c toward the downstream end 105a. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0397] In the elbow 10I, when viewed from the first opening 102, the protrusion 105 does not protrude toward the second wall surface 112 from a straight line connecting both ends in the width direction of the protrusion 105. This structure can further reduce the pressure loss of the fluid.

[0398] [2. Modification example]

[0399] The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. The above-mentioned embodiment can be variously modified according to design etc. as long as the subject of the present invention can be achieved. The following lists the modified examples of the above-mentioned embodiment. The modified examples described below can be appropriately combined and applied.

[0400] [2.1 Modifications mainly related to Embodiments 1 and 2]

[0401] In the following, reference numerals used in Embodiment 1 are mentioned even though they are applicable to either Embodiment 1 or 2. This is only for the purpose of simplifying the description and is not intended to exclude application to Embodiment 2.

[0402] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed independently. The straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 523 that protrudes from the second connection opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and replaces the curved pipe portion 51 to constitute a part of the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, the straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 53 that defines the reduced portion 5c1. However, it is also possible that the curved pipe portion 51 has a protrusion 53. As an example, the curved pipe portion 51 may have a protrusion that protrudes from the first connection opening 511a into the straight pipe portion 52 and replaces the straight pipe portion 52 to constitute a part of the reduced portion 5c1. Thus, it is possible to improve the drainage capacity while miniaturizing. In short, when the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed independently, one of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may have a protrusion that protrudes into the inside of the other of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 and replaces the other to constitute a part of the reduced portion 5c1. When the curved pipe portion 51 has the protrusion 53, the straight pipe portion 52 may be the upstream end of the vertical pipe 3. That is, the upstream end of the vertical pipe 3 in the drainage member 5 may be used as the straight pipe portion 52.

[0403] In the above-mentioned embodiment, in the drainage member 5, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are independently formed. That is, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separable components, and the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are combined to obtain the drainage member 5. In a modified example, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 can be formed integrally. Thus, the drainage capacity can be improved while miniaturization can be achieved. In this case, the socket 513 can be omitted in the curved pipe portion 51. The mark 524 can also be omitted in the straight pipe portion 52.

[0404] In a modified example, the narrowed portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) does not necessarily need to start from the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c. The narrowed portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) only needs to be between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0405] In a modified example, the shape and size of the reduced portion 5 c 1 (or the protruding portion 53 ) are not limited to those in the above embodiment, but may be the same as those of the protruding member 6 .

[0406] In a modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the drainage member 5 may be different from the above-mentioned embodiment and modified example. For example, unlike the above-mentioned embodiment, in the drainage member 5, the shape of the curved pipe portion 51 and / or the shape of the straight pipe portion 52 is not circular, but may be polygonal.

[0407] In a modified example, the material of the drainage member 5 does not need to be hard polyvinyl chloride. The material of the drainage member 5 can be determined according to the necessary conditions required by the drainage system 1, for example, it can also be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. In addition, the material of the drainage member 5 can also be metal instead of synthetic resin.

[0408] In a modified example, the drainage member 5 may not have the mark 524 .

[0409] In a modified example, the drainage system 1 may not necessarily include the eaves 2. For example, when the building 11 has a structure with a water collection port such as a balcony, the elbow 9 or the second drainage member 5B of the drainage system 1 may be connected to the water collection port of the building 11.

[0410] In a modified example, in the drainage system 1, the drain member 5 may be used instead of the elbow 9. In this case, the downstream end 8b of the vertical pipe 8 may be connected to the first opening 5a of the drain member 5, and the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 may be connected to the second opening 5b. In a modified example, the elbow 9 and the drain member 5 may be exchanged.

[0411] In a modified example, the drain pipe 8 may be a drain pipe of a structure that is generally considered not to contribute to the occurrence of the siphon phenomenon. In a modified example, the drainage system 1 may not necessarily include the drain pipe 8. The drain pipe 8 is not an essential structure in the drainage system 1, and may be appropriately provided in consideration of the installation environment of the drainage system 1. This point is also the same in Embodiments 3 to 9.

[0412] In a modified example, the drainage system 1 does not necessarily need to include the vertical pipe 7. The vertical pipe 7 is not an essential structure in the drainage system 1, and may be appropriately provided in consideration of the installation environment of the drainage system 1. This point is also the same in the third to ninth embodiments.

[0413] In a modified example, the curved pipe portion 51 is not limited to a 90° bend elbow (so-called DL) specified in JIS K 6739. The curved pipe portion 51 may be a 90° wide bend elbow (so-called LL) or a 45° elbow (so-called 45L) specified in JIS K 6739. The size of the curved pipe portion 51 does not necessarily need to be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage".

[0414] In a variation, the drainage system 1A includes a vertical pipe 3 fixed to the wall 11b of the building 11, a horizontal pipe 4 located between the water collection port 2b of rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3, and one or more drainage components 5A, 5B, and the one or more drainage components 5A, 5B are located at least one of between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4 and between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3.

[0415] In a modified example, the first drainage member 5A and the second drainage member 5B do not necessarily have the same structure or construction. For example, in at least one of the first drainage member 5A and the second drainage member 5B, 0≤D1≤0.5d may be satisfied. For example, in at least one of the first drainage member 5A and the second drainage member 5B, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d may be satisfied. For example, in at least one of the first drainage member 5A and the second drainage member 5B, 0.6≤A1 / A<1.0 may be satisfied.

[0416] For example, at least one of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B may include a socket 522 for connecting a pipe member to the second opening 5 b.

[0417] For example, in at least one of the first drainage member 5A and the second drainage member 5B, the first wall surface 50b may include a curved surface shape protruding toward the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1 in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b.

[0418] For example, in at least one of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B, the first wall surface 50b may be shaped so that the center is recessed more than both sides at the narrowed portion 5c1 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b.

[0419] For example, at least one of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B may include the curved tube portion 51 and the straight tube portion 52 , and the inner peripheral surface 511 b of the curved tube portion 51 and the inner peripheral surface 521 b of the straight tube portion 52 may define the curved flow path 5 c .

[0420] For example, in at least one of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may be formed independently.

[0421] For example, in at least one of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may be formed integrally.

[0422] In a modified example, the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B do not necessarily have the same shape and size, but may have different shapes and sizes. That is, the shape and size of the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B may be appropriately set according to the location where the first drain member 5A and the second drain member 5B are arranged.

[0423] [2.2 Modifications mainly related to Embodiments 3 to 9]

[0424] In the following, reference to reference numerals used in Embodiment 3 is made only for the purpose of simplifying the description even though they are applicable to any of Embodiments 3 to 9, and the purpose is not to exclude the application to Embodiments 4 to 9.

[0425] In a modified example, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the protruding member 6-1 may be asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 along the center axis C3 of the riser pipe 3. The shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be individually set according to the installation environment of the piping system 1B or the piping member 10B, and may not necessarily be symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 along the center axis C3 of the riser pipe 3.

[0426] In a modified example, the protruding member 6 - 1 does not necessarily need to have the contact end surface 66 .

[0427] In a modified example, the shape, number and arrangement of the protrusion 67 of the protrusion member 6-1 can be appropriately changed in accordance with the shape, number and arrangement of the recess 3c of the vertical pipe 3. The recess 3c may not be a notch but a hole. The position of the recess 3c is not limited to the edge of the end 3a on the upstream side. The protrusion 67 and the recess 3c are preferably provided in a manner that makes it easy to position the protrusion member 6-1 relative to the vertical pipe 3. However, the protrusion member 6-1 does not necessarily need to have the protrusion 67.

[0428] In a modified example, the protrusion member 6 - 1 may not be a separate member from the vertical pipe 3 but may be integrally formed with the vertical pipe 3 . This means that the inner peripheral surface 30 a of the vertical pipe 3 includes the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62 , 63 of the protrusion member 6 - 1 .

[0429] In a modified example, the protruding members 6 - 1 to 6 - 4 do not necessarily have the same configuration or structure. For example, at least one of the protruding members 6 - 1 to 6 - 4 may satisfy one or more of 0.1L≤L1≤0.5L, A1 / A≤0.4, and 0.5d≤L≤5.0d.

[0430] In a modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 do not necessarily have the same shape and size, but may have different shapes and sizes. That is, the shape and size of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 may be appropriately set according to the location where the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4 are arranged.

[0431] In a modified example, the protruding member 6 - 1 does not need to be entirely housed in the vertical pipe 3 . In particular, the second end 6 b of the protruding member 6 - 1 may protrude from the vertical pipe 3 to the outside.

[0432] In a modified example, the material of the protrusion member 6-1 does not need to be hard polyvinyl chloride. The material of the protrusion member 6-1 can be determined according to the necessary conditions required by the piping system 1B, for example, it can also be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. In addition, the material of the protrusion member 6-1 can also be metal instead of synthetic resin.

[0433] In a modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the piping system 1B may be different from those in the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, in the piping system 1B, the shapes of the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the vertical pipe 3, and the horizontal pipe 4 may be polygonal instead of circular.

[0434] In a modified example, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are not limited to the 90° bend elbow (so-called DL) specified in JIS K 6739. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be 90° wide bend elbows (so-called LL) and 45° elbows (so-called 45L) specified in JIS K 6739. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 do not necessarily need to be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage".

[0435] In a modified example, the piping system 1B does not necessarily need to include the gutter 2. For example, when the building 11 has a structure including a water collection port such as a balcony, the bent pipe 15-2 of the piping system 1B may be connected to the water collection port of the building 11.

[0436] In a modified example, the piping system 1B may include only one of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2. Therefore, the piping system 1B may include a vertical pipe 3 fixed to the wall surface 11b of the building 11, a horizontal pipe 4 located between the water collection port 2b of rainwater from the building 11 and the vertical pipe 3, a first bent pipe 15-1 located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3, a second bent pipe 15-2 located between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, and one or more protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, and at least a part of the horizontal pipe 4 or the vertical pipe 3 is formed as a straight pipe, and one or more protruding members 6-1 and 6-2 are arranged.

[0437] In a modified example, the piping system 1B is not limited to a rainwater pipe system as a type of drainage system, but may be other drainage systems such as a sewer system, and may also be applied to a water supply system such as a water supply system. That is, the protruding member or the piping member can be used in a system for water supply or drainage. In addition, the piping system 1B may be a piping system for transporting a target fluid in a facility such as a factory. That is, the fluid transported by the piping system 1B is not limited to rainwater.

[0438] In a modification, piping systems 1C and 1D do not necessarily have all of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4, but may have at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-4. Piping system 1F does not necessarily have both of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-2, but may have one of them.

[0439] In a modified example, the straight pipe portions such as the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 7 may not be made of a single pipe material, but may be made of a plurality of pipe materials.

[0440] In a modified example, the material of the components of the piping system 1C, such as the straight pipe portions such as the vertical pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, and the vertical pipe 7, or the joints such as the curved pipes 15-1 and 15-2, does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride, and can be determined according to the necessary conditions required by the piping system 1C, for example, it can also be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or a metal.

[0441] [2.3 Modifications mainly related to Embodiment 10]

[0442] In a modified example, the height of the protrusion 105 increases from the end 105b on the upstream side toward the top 105c, but the increase in the height of the protrusion 105 does not necessarily have to decrease as it approaches the top 105c. That is, the increase in the height of the protrusion 105 can be appropriately set. The height of the protrusion 105 decreases from the top 105c toward the end 105a on the downstream side, but the decrease in the height of the protrusion 105 does not necessarily have to increase as it approaches the end 105a on the downstream side. That is, the decrease in the height of the protrusion 105 can be appropriately set.

[0443] In a modified example, the protrusion 105 does not need to be integrally formed on the elbow 101. The protrusion 105 can be provided as a protruding member mounted on a conventionally known elbow to constitute the elbow 101. The protruding member has a first opening toward the upstream side, a second opening toward the downstream side, and a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening, and is arranged in the elbow that changes the direction of the flow path. The protruding member is arranged to protrude from the first wall surface on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path toward the second wall surface on the outer circumference side of the curved flow path in such a manner that a reduced portion having a flow path cross-sectional area smaller than that of the first opening exists between the corner on the inner circumference side of the curved flow path and the first opening. The protrusion member includes a top portion where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest in the narrowing portion, and when the diameter of the first opening is d, the height of the protrusion member at the top portion is h, the distance from the end portion on the downstream side of the protrusion member to the top portion is L1, and the distance from the end portion on the upstream side of the protrusion member to the top portion is L2, h≤0.4d, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤7d, and 0.4d≤L1≤L2 are satisfied. In addition, the protrusion member may have the same shape as the protrusion member 6 of the third embodiment.

[0444] In a modified example, the shape of the curved flow path 104 of the curved pipe 10I is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment. The curved flow path 104 only needs to connect the first opening 102 and the second opening 103, and the angle between the center axis C102 of the first opening 102 and the center axis C102 of the second opening 103 is not particularly limited. For example, the angle between the center axis C102 and the center axis C103 can be 91.17° as specified by JIS K 6739 "Hard polyvinyl chloride pipe joint for drainage", or it can be 45°. In addition, the curved flow path 104 can be U-shaped, in which case the angle between the center axis C102 and the center axis C103 can be 0°. In addition to these, the curved flow path 104 only needs to include a portion where the direction of the flow path changes, such as an S shape, and it is not necessary for the center axis C102 to intersect the center axis C103.

[0445] In a modified example, the material of the elbow 10I does not need to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of the elbow 10I can be determined according to the necessary conditions required by the piping system, for example, it can also be a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. In addition, the material of the elbow 10I can also be metal instead of synthetic resin.

[0446] In a modified example, the shape and size of the elbow 1 can be the same as those of an elbow such as a 90° bend elbow (so-called DL), but are not particularly limited. In addition, the piping system to which the elbow 1 is applied is not limited to the rainwater pipe system. Examples of piping systems include piping systems for water supply or sewerage, and piping systems for transporting target fluids in facilities such as factories.

[0447] In a modified example, the fluid transported by the piping system is not limited to rainwater. In addition, the fluid may not be a liquid but may be a gas or the like.

[0448] [3. Plan]

[0449] As is apparent from the first embodiment and the modified examples, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[0450] [Solution 1]

[0451] A drainage component constitutes a part of a drainage system having vertical pipes and horizontal pipes, wherein:

[0452] The drainage member comprises:

[0453] a first opening facing an upstream side of the drainage system;

[0454] a second opening toward a downstream side of the drainage system; and

[0455] a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening in such a manner that the central axis of the first opening intersects the central axis of the second opening,

[0456] The first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path protrudes toward the second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path in such a manner that a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening exists between the corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the second opening,

[0457] When the diameter of the second opening is d and the length of the narrowed portion in the direction of the central axis of the second opening is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d.

[0458] [Solution 2]

[0459] The drainage member according to claim 1, wherein:

[0460] The narrowing portion and an upstream portion of the curved flow path closer to the first opening than the narrowing portion are continuously connected at at least a portion of the first wall surface.

[0461] [Solution 3]

[0462] The drainage member according to solution 1 or 2, wherein:

[0463] The narrowed portion and a portion of the curved flow path that is downstream of the narrowed portion and closer to the second opening are continuously connected at at least a portion of the first wall surface.

[0464] [Solution 4]

[0465] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 3,

[0466] When a distance D1 between an inner peripheral corner of the curved flow path in the direction of the central axis of the second opening and a portion of the narrowed portion where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest, 0≤D1≤0.5d.

[0467] [Solution 5]

[0468] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 4,

[0469] In a plane passing through the central axes of the first opening and the second opening, when the minimum value of the distance between the first wall surface and the second wall surface in the narrowed portion is defined as D2, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d.

[0470] [Solution 6]

[0471] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 5,

[0472] When the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening is represented by A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is represented by A1, 0.6≤A1 / A<1.0.

[0473] [Solution 7]

[0474] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 6,

[0475] The drainage member has a socket for connecting a pipe member to the second opening.

[0476] [Scheme 8]

[0477] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 7,

[0478] In a plane passing through a central axis of the first opening and a central axis of the second opening, the first wall surface includes a curved surface shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface at the narrowed portion.

[0479] [Solution 9]

[0480] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 8,

[0481] When viewed from the direction of the central axis of the second opening, at the narrowed portion, the first wall surface has a shape in which the center is recessed relative to both sides.

[0482] [Scheme 10]

[0483] According to any one of the drainage components in schemes 1 to 9,

[0484] The drainage component comprises:

[0485] a curved pipe portion having the first opening and a first connecting opening having a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the second opening; and

[0486] a straight pipe portion having the second opening and a second connecting opening having a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the second opening and connected to the first connecting opening,

[0487] The inner peripheral surface of the curved pipe portion and the inner peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion define the curved flow path.

[0488] [Scheme 11]

[0489] The drainage member according to claim 10, wherein:

[0490] The curved tube portion and the straight tube portion are formed independently,

[0491] The straight tube portion has a protrusion that protrudes from the second connection opening into the curved tube portion and constitutes a part of the narrowed portion instead of the curved tube portion.

[0492] [Scheme 12]

[0493] The drainage member according to claim 10, wherein:

[0494] The curved pipe portion is formed integrally with the straight pipe portion.

[0495] [Scheme 13]

[0496] A drainage component constitutes a part of a drainage system having vertical pipes and horizontal pipes, wherein:

[0497] The drainage member comprises:

[0498] a first opening facing an upstream side of the drainage system;

[0499] a second opening toward a downstream side of the drainage system; and

[0500] a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening in such a manner that the central axis of the first opening intersects the central axis of the second opening,

[0501] The first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path has a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path so as to generate a Coanda effect between a corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the second opening.

[0502] [Scheme 14]

[0503] A drainage system, wherein

[0504] The drainage system comprises:

[0505] Any drainage component in Schemes 1 to 13;

[0506] said standpipe; and

[0507] The transverse tube,

[0508] The transverse pipe is connected to the first opening of the drainage member,

[0509] The standpipe is connected to the second opening of the drainage member.

[0510] [Scheme 15]

[0511] A drainage system according to Option 14, wherein:

[0512] The drainage system also has:

[0513] a discharge pipe disposed at the water collection port to generate a siphon effect; and

[0514] An elbow connects the upstream end of the cross pipe to the water collection port.

[0515] Schemes 2 to 12, 14 and 15 are optional elements and are not essential.

[0516] As is apparent from the second embodiment and the modified examples, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[0517] [Scheme 21]

[0518] A drainage system, wherein

[0519] The drainage system comprises:

[0520] Standpipes, which are fixed to the walls of buildings;

[0521] a horizontal pipe located between a collection point for rainwater from the building and the vertical pipe; and

[0522] More than one drainage element,

[0523] The one or more drainage members are located at least one of between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe and between the water collection port and the horizontal pipe.

[0524] The one or more drainage components have:

[0525] a first opening facing the upstream side;

[0526] a second opening facing the downstream side; and

[0527] a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening in such a manner that the central axis of the first opening intersects the central axis of the second opening,

[0528] The first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path protrudes toward the second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path in such a manner that a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening exists between the corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the second opening,

[0529] When the diameter of the second opening is d and the length of the narrowed portion in the direction of the central axis of the second opening is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d.

[0530] [Scheme 22]

[0531] A drainage system according to Scheme 21, wherein:

[0532] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, the narrowed portion and an upstream portion of the curved flow path on the first opening side relative to the narrowed portion are continuously connected at least in a portion of the first wall surface.

[0533] [Scheme 23]

[0534] A drainage system according to Option 21 or 22, wherein:

[0535] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, the narrowed portion and a portion downstream of the narrowed portion on the second opening side in the curved flow path are continuously connected at least in a portion of the first wall surface.

[0536] [Scheme 24]

[0537] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 23, wherein:

[0538] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, when a distance D1 between an inner peripheral corner of the curved flow path in the direction of the central axis of the second opening and a portion of the narrowed portion where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest, 0≤D1≤0.5d.

[0539] [Scheme 25]

[0540] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 24, wherein:

[0541] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, in a plane passing through central axes of the first opening and the second opening, when a minimum value of a distance between the first wall surface and the second wall surface of the narrowed portion is set to D2, 0.60d≤D2≤0.95d.

[0542] [Scheme 26]

[0543] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 25, wherein:

[0544] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, when the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening is represented by A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is represented by A1, 0.6≤A1 / A<1.0.

[0545] [Scheme 27]

[0546] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 26, wherein:

[0547] At least one of the one or more drainage members has a socket for connecting a pipe member to the second opening.

[0548] [Scheme 28]

[0549] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 27, wherein:

[0550] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, the first wall surface includes a curved surface shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface at the narrowed portion in a plane passing through a central axis of the first opening and a central axis of the second opening.

[0551] [Scheme 29]

[0552] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 28, wherein:

[0553] In at least one of the one or more drainage members, when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the second opening, at the narrowed portion, the first wall surface has a shape in which the center is recessed relative to both sides.

[0554] [Scheme 30]

[0555] A drainage system according to any one of Schemes 21 to 29, wherein:

[0556] At least one of the one or more drainage members comprises:

[0557] a curved pipe portion having the first opening and a first connecting opening having a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the second opening; and

[0558] a straight pipe portion having the second opening and a second connecting opening having a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the second opening and connected to the first connecting opening,

[0559] The inner peripheral surface of the curved pipe portion and the inner peripheral surface of the straight pipe portion define the curved flow path.

[0560] [Scheme 31]

[0561] A drainage system according to Option 30, wherein:

[0562] The curved tube portion and the straight tube portion are formed independently,

[0563] The straight tube portion has a protrusion that protrudes from the second connection opening into the curved tube portion and constitutes a part of the narrowed portion instead of the curved tube portion.

[0564] [Scheme 32]

[0565] A drainage system according to Option 30, wherein:

[0566] The curved pipe portion is formed integrally with the straight pipe portion.

[0567] [Scheme 33]

[0568] A drainage system, wherein

[0569] The drainage system comprises:

[0570] Standpipes, which are fixed to the walls of buildings;

[0571] a horizontal pipe located between a collection point for rainwater from the building and the vertical pipe; and

[0572] More than one drainage element,

[0573] The one or more drainage members are located at least one of between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe and between the water collection port and the horizontal pipe.

[0574] The one or more drainage components have:

[0575] a first opening facing the upstream side;

[0576] a second opening facing the downstream side; and

[0577] a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening in such a manner that the central axis of the first opening intersects the central axis of the second opening,

[0578] The first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path has a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path so as to generate a Coanda effect between a corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the second opening.

[0579] [Scheme 34]

[0580] A drainage system according to claim 21 or 33, wherein:

[0581] The one or more drainage components include:

[0582] A first drainage member located between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe; and

[0583] The second drainage member is located between the water collection port and the cross pipe.

[0584] [Scheme 35]

[0585] A drainage system according to claim 21 or 33, wherein:

[0586] The drainage system further comprises a discharge pipe arranged at the water collection port so as to promote the siphon phenomenon.

[0587] Schemes 22 to 32, 34 and 35 are optional elements and are not essential.

[0588] As is apparent from the third embodiment and the modified examples described above, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[0589] [Scheme 41]

[0590] A protrusion member is arranged in a straight pipe arranged on the downstream side of a curved pipe which changes the direction of a flow path, so as to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe, wherein:

[0591] The protruding member comprises:

[0592] a main surface extending from a first end facing the upstream side to a second end facing the downstream side and facing the center side of the straight pipe when viewed from the direction of the center axis of the straight pipe;

[0593] A first side surface and a second side surface, which are located on both sides of the main surface when viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight tube;

[0594] a first separation wall located between the main face and the first side face and facilitating separation of flow along the main face from flow along the first side face; and

[0595] A second separation wall is located between the main face and the second side face and promotes separation of the flow along the main face from the flow along the second side face.

[0596] [Scheme 42]

[0597] A protruding member according to claim 41, wherein:

[0598] When viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, at least a portion of the main surface has a concave shape.

[0599] [Scheme 43]

[0600] A protruding member according to claim 42, wherein:

[0601] When viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, the radius of curvature of at least a portion of the main surface is less than or equal to the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the straight pipe.

[0602] [Scheme 44]

[0603] A protruding member according to claim 42 or 43, wherein:

[0604] The shape of the main surface viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight tube changes from a concave shape to a convex shape as it goes from the first end to the second end.

[0605] [Scheme 45]

[0606] A protrusion member according to claim 44, wherein:

[0607] The protruding member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube.

[0608] The shape of the main surface viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight tube is a convex shape at the top.

[0609] [Scheme 46]

[0610] A protrusion member according to any one of schemes 41 to 45, wherein:

[0611] The protruding member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube.

[0612] The width of the main surface becomes narrower from at least the first end to the top as it goes from the first end to the second end.

[0613] [Scheme 47]

[0614] A protrusion member according to any one of schemes 41 to 46, wherein:

[0615] When viewed from the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe, at least a portion of the first side surface and the second side surface has a concave shape.

[0616] [Scheme 48]

[0617] A protruding member according to claim 47, wherein:

[0618] The protruding member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube.

[0619] The first side surface and the second side surface have concave shapes that become shallower in depth as they go from the top toward the second end.

[0620] [Scheme 49]

[0621] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 48, wherein:

[0622] The first side surface and the second side surface have symmetrical shapes with respect to a center line of the protruding member along the center axis of the straight tube.

[0623] [Scheme 50]

[0624] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 48, wherein:

[0625] The first side surface and the second side surface are asymmetrical in shape with respect to a center line of the protruding member along the center axis of the straight tube.

[0626] [Scheme 51]

[0627] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 50, wherein:

[0628] The width of a portion of the first side surface and the second side surface on the first end side increases as it goes from the first end to the second end.

[0629] [Scheme 52]

[0630] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 51, wherein:

[0631] The protruding member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube.

[0632] When the distance between the first end and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L, and the distance between the first end and the top in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L1, 0.1L≤L1≤0.5L.

[0633] [Scheme 53]

[0634] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 52, wherein:

[0635] The protruding member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube.

[0636] When the maximum flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe is defined as A, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member at the top is defined as A1, A1 / A≤0.4.

[0637] [Scheme 54]

[0638] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 53, wherein:

[0639] When the inner diameter of the straight pipe is d and the distance between the first end and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L, 0.5d≤L≤5.0d.

[0640] [Scheme 55]

[0641] A protrusion member according to any one of claims 41 to 51, wherein:

[0642] The protrusion member has a top portion between the first end and the second end that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight tube, and has an end surface intersecting with the central axis of the straight tube at the second end.

[0643] When the height at the top is set to H1 and the height at the second end is set to H2, 0.05H1≤H2≤0.90H1.

[0644] [Scheme 56]

[0645] A protruding member according to claim 55, wherein:

[0646] When the inner diameter of the straight pipe is set to d, the distance between the first end and the top in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is set to L1, and the distance between the top and the second end in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is set to L2, 0.5d≤L1+H1 / (H1-H2)×L2≤5.0d.

[0647] [Scheme 57]

[0648] A piping component, wherein:

[0649] The piping member comprises:

[0650] Any one of the protruding members of schemes 41 to 56; and

[0651] Straight pipe.

[0652] [Scheme 58]

[0653] A piping system, wherein:

[0654] The piping system comprises:

[0655] Standpipes, which are fixed to the walls of buildings;

[0656] horizontal pipes, which are located between the catchment of rainwater from the building and the vertical pipes;

[0657] A first curved tube, which is located between the horizontal tube and the vertical tube;

[0658] A second curved pipe, which is located between the water collection port and the horizontal pipe; and

[0659] One or more protruding members according to any one of claims 1 to 16,

[0660] At least a portion of the horizontal pipe or the vertical pipe is formed as a straight pipe, and one or more protruding members are arranged.

[0661] Schemes 42 to 56 are optional and not mandatory.

[0662] As is apparent from Embodiments 4 to 8 and the modified examples, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[0663] [Scheme 61]

[0664] A piping system is a piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, wherein:

[0665] The piping system comprises:

[0666] Multiple straight pipe sections;

[0667] one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other; and

[0668] One or more protruding members are located inside corresponding one or more straight tube portions among the plurality of straight tube portions and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding one or more straight tube portions.

[0669] [Scheme 62]

[0670] A piping system according to claim 61, wherein:

[0671] The one or more protruding members have a top portion that is located between the first end and the second end of the one or more protruding members in the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the one or more corresponding straight tube portions and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tube portion.

[0672] [Scheme 63]

[0673] A piping system according to claim 62, wherein:

[0674] The one or more protruding members are located at the one or more joint-side ends of the one or more corresponding straight pipe portions.

[0675] [Scheme 64]

[0676] A piping system according to claim 63, wherein:

[0677] In the flow direction, the top is closer to the first end than the second end,

[0678] In the one or more protruding members, the first end is located closer to the one or more joints than the second end.

[0679] [Scheme 65]

[0680] According to any one of the piping systems of schemes 61 to 64,

[0681] The plurality of straight tube portions include a first straight tube portion, a second straight tube portion and a third straight tube portion,

[0682] The one or more joints include a manifold joint that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe portion and causes the fluid to flow out from the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

[0683] [Scheme 66]

[0684] A piping system according to claim 65, wherein:

[0685] The first straight pipe portion is located on the downstream side of the curved pipe.

[0686] The one or more protruding members are located on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe at the end portion of the first straight pipe portion on the manifold pipe joint side.

[0687] [Scheme 67]

[0688] A piping system according to claim 65, wherein:

[0689] The one or more protruding members are located on the first straight pipe portion side at an end portion on the manifold joint side of at least one of the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

[0690] [Scheme 68]

[0691] A piping system according to any one of claims 61 to 64, wherein:

[0692] The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion, a second straight pipe portion, and a third straight pipe portion,

[0693] The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

[0694] [Scheme 69]

[0695] A piping system according to claim 68, wherein:

[0696] The one or more protruding members are located at least one of the following positions:

[0697] an inner peripheral side of the first bent tube at an end portion of the first straight tube portion on the first bent tube side;

[0698] an inner peripheral side of the second curved tube at an end portion of the second straight tube portion on the second curved tube side;

[0699] an inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at an end portion of the second straight pipe portion on the first bent pipe side; and

[0700] The inner peripheral side of the second bent tube at the end portion of the third straight tube portion on the second bent tube side.

[0701] [Scheme 70]

[0702] A piping system according to claim 68 or 69, wherein:

[0703] The first curved tube and the second curved tube are 90° elbows.

[0704] [Scheme 71]

[0705] A piping system according to claim 68 or 69, wherein:

[0706] The first curved tube and the second curved tube are 45° elbows.

[0707] [Scheme 72]

[0708] A piping system according to any one of schemes 68 to 71, wherein:

[0709] The first straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion are arranged along the vertical direction.

[0710] [Scheme 73]

[0711] A piping system according to any one of claims 61 to 64, wherein:

[0712] The plurality of straight tube portions include a first straight tube portion and a second straight tube portion having a larger tube diameter than the first straight tube portion.

[0713] The one or more joints are reducing joints that connect the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion.

[0714] [Scheme 74]

[0715] A piping system according to claim 73, wherein:

[0716] The first straight pipe portion is located on the downstream side of the curved pipe.

[0717] The one or more protruding members are located on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe at ends of the first straight pipe portion on the reducing joint side.

[0718] [Scheme 75]

[0719] A piping system according to claim 73, wherein:

[0720] The reducing joint is an eccentric reducing joint in which the central axis of the second straight pipe portion is offset from the central axis of the first straight pipe portion.

[0721] The end portions of the one or more protruding members on the eccentric reducer side of the first straight pipe portion are located on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe portion with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe portion.

[0722] Schemes 62 to 75 are optional elements and are not essential.

[0723] As is apparent from the tenth embodiment and the modified examples, the present invention includes the following aspects.

[0724] [Scheme 81]

[0725] A pipe bend changes the direction of the flow path, wherein:

[0726] The elbow has:

[0727] a first opening facing the upstream side;

[0728] a second opening, which faces the downstream side;

[0729] a curved flow path connecting the first opening and the second opening in such a manner that a central axis of the first opening intersects a central axis of the second opening; and

[0730] a protrusion that protrudes from a first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path toward a second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path in such a manner that a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening exists between a corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the first opening,

[0731] The protrusion includes a top portion where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest in the narrowed portion,

[0732] When the diameter of the first opening is set to d, the height of the protrusion at the top is set to h, the distance from the end of the downstream side of the protrusion to the top in the direction of the center axis of the first opening is set to L1, and the distance from the end of the upstream side of the protrusion to the top in the direction of the center axis of the first opening is set to L2, h≤0.4d, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤7d, and 0.4d≤L1≤L2 are satisfied.

[0733] [Scheme 82]

[0734] A pipe bend according to claim 81, wherein:

[0735] Satisfies 0.1d≤h≤0.3d.

[0736] [Scheme 83]

[0737] The elbow according to scheme 81 or 82, wherein

[0738] Satisfies 0.8d≤L1+L2≤4.5d.

[0739] [Scheme 84]

[0740] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 83,

[0741] Satisfies 1.2d≤L1+L2≤4.5d.

[0742] [Scheme 85]

[0743] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 84,

[0744] Satisfies 0.4d≤L1≤0.4L2.

[0745] [Scheme 86]

[0746] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 85,

[0747] The fluid flowing in the flow path satisfies Re≥10000.

[0748] [Scheme 87]

[0749] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 86,

[0750] The height of the protrusion increases from the upstream end to the top,

[0751] The amount of increase in the height of the protrusion decreases as it moves from the upstream end portion toward the top portion.

[0752] [Scheme 88]

[0753] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 87,

[0754] The height of the protrusion decreases from the top to the end on the downstream side,

[0755] The amount of reduction in the height of the protruding portion increases as it moves from the top portion toward the downstream end portion.

[0756] [Scheme 89]

[0757] According to any one of the elbows in schemes 81 to 88,

[0758] When viewed from the first opening, the protrusion does not protrude toward the second wall surface from a straight line connecting both ends of the protrusion in the width direction.

[0759] [Scheme 90]

[0760] A protrusion member is arranged on a curved pipe for changing the direction of a flow path, wherein:

[0761] The elbow has:

[0762] a first opening facing the upstream side;

[0763] a second opening facing the downstream side; and

[0764] a curved flow path connecting the first opening with the second opening,

[0765] The protrusion member is configured to protrude from a first wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path toward a second wall surface on the outer peripheral side of the curved flow path in such a manner that a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening exists between a corner on the inner peripheral side of the curved flow path and the first opening.

[0766] The protrusion member includes a top portion where the flow path cross-sectional area becomes the smallest in the narrowed portion,

[0767] When the diameter of the first opening is set to d, the height of the protrusion member at the top is set to h, the distance from the end of the downstream side of the protrusion member to the top is set to L1, and the distance from the end of the upstream side of the protrusion member to the top is set to L2, h≤0.4d, 0.8d≤L1+L2≤7d, and 0.4d≤L1≤L2 are satisfied.

[0768] Aspects 82 to 89 are arbitrary elements and are not essential. Aspects 82 to 89 can be combined with aspect 90 as appropriate and applied.

[0769] Industrial Applicability

[0770] The present invention can be applied to a drainage member and a drainage system. Specifically, the present invention can be applied to a drainage member used for connecting a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe, and a drainage system using a siphon phenomenon in drainage.

[0771] The present invention can be applied to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system. Specifically, the present invention can be applied to a protrusion member for changing a flow path cross-sectional area, a piping member including the protrusion member, and a piping system including the piping member.

[0772] The present invention can be applied to a piping system. Specifically, the present invention can be applied to a piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more.

[0773] The present invention can be applied to an elbow. Specifically, the present invention can be applied to an elbow for changing the direction of a flow path in a piping system.

[0774] Description of Reference Numerals

[0775] 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H Piping system

[0776] 3 Vertical pipe (first straight pipe)

[0777] 3a End on the upstream side

[0778] 4 Horizontal pipe (second straight pipe section)

[0779] 4a End on the upstream side

[0780] 4b Downstream end

[0781] 15-1, 15D-1 connector (first curved pipe)

[0782] 15-2, 15D-2 connector (second curved pipe)

[0783] 6.6-1 to 6-4 Protruding components

[0784] 6a First end

[0785] 6b Second end

[0786] 6c Top

[0787] 7 Vertical pipe (third straight pipe section)

[0788] 7b Downstream end

[0789] 211 Straight pipe section (first straight pipe section)

[0790] 211b End of downstream side

[0791] 212 straight pipe section (second straight pipe section)

[0792] 212a End of upstream side

[0793] 213 Straight Pipeline (Third Straight Pipeline)

[0794] 213a End of upstream side

[0795] 221 Connector (manifold connector)

[0796] 222 Connector (bend pipe)

[0797] 311 straight pipe section (first straight pipe section)

[0798] C311 Center Axis

[0799] 312 straight pipe section (second straight pipe section)

[0800] C312 Center Axis

[0801] 313 Straight Pipeline (Third Straight Pipeline)

[0802] 321 connector (reducing connector)

[0803] 321H connector (reducer, eccentric reducer)

[0804] 322 Fitting (bend tube).

Claims

1. A piping system for conveying a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, wherein: The piping system comprises: Multiple straight pipe sections; one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other; and One or more protruding members are located inside corresponding one or more straight tube portions among the plurality of straight tube portions and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding one or more straight tube portions.

2. The piping system according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more protruding members have a top portion that is located between the first end and the second end of the one or more protruding members in the flow direction of the fluid flowing in the one or more corresponding straight tube portions and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight tube portion.

3. The piping system according to claim 2, wherein: The one or more protruding members are located at the one or more joint-side ends of the one or more corresponding straight pipe portions.

4. The piping system according to claim 3, wherein: In the flow direction, the top is closer to the first end than the second end, In the one or more protruding members, the first end is located closer to the one or more joints than the second end.

5. The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The plurality of straight tube portions include a first straight tube portion, a second straight tube portion and a third straight tube portion, The one or more joints include a manifold joint that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe portion and causes the fluid to flow out from the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

6. The piping system according to claim 5, wherein: The first straight pipe portion is located on the downstream side of the curved pipe. The one or more protruding members are located on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe at the end portion of the first straight pipe portion on the manifold pipe joint side.

7. The piping system according to claim 5, wherein: The one or more protruding members are located on the first straight pipe portion side at an end portion on the manifold joint side of at least one of the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

8. The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion, a second straight pipe portion, and a third straight pipe portion, The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion.

9. The piping system according to claim 8, wherein: The one or more protruding members are located at least one of the following positions: an inner peripheral side of the first bent tube at an end portion of the first straight tube portion on the first bent tube side; an inner peripheral side of the second curved tube at an end portion of the second straight tube portion on the second curved tube side; an inner peripheral side of the first curved tube at an end portion of the second straight tube portion on the first curved tube side; as well as The inner peripheral side of the second bent tube at the end portion of the third straight tube portion on the second bent tube side.

10. The piping system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: The first curved tube and the second curved tube are 90° elbows.

11. The piping system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: The first curved tube and the second curved tube are 45° elbows.

12. The piping system according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein: The first straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion are arranged along the vertical direction.

13. The piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The plurality of straight tube portions include a first straight tube portion and a second straight tube portion having a larger tube diameter than the first straight tube portion. The one or more joints are reducing joints that connect the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion.

14. The piping system according to claim 13, wherein: The first straight pipe portion is located on the downstream side of the curved pipe. The one or more protruding members are located on the inner peripheral side of the bent pipe at ends of the first straight pipe portion on the reducing joint side.

15. The piping system according to claim 13, wherein: The reducing joint is an eccentric reducing joint in which the central axis of the second straight pipe portion is offset from the central axis of the first straight pipe portion. The end portions of the one or more protruding members on the eccentric reducer side of the first straight pipe portion are located on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe portion with respect to the central axis of the first straight pipe portion.

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