Method for creating specific germplasm of ultra-short-stem multi-branch sesame

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for creating specific germplasm of ultra-short-stem multi-branch sesame, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating Zhongzhi 14 seeds, mutagenizing the seeds by using an ethyl methanesulfonate solution as a mutagenic agent, performing conventional sowing to obtain a group M1, performing selfing and seed reserving to obtain a group M2, selecting excellent single plants from the group M2, performing selfing to obtain a group M3, performing continuous selfing to obtain a group M6, and obtaining a strain EM102 with stable characters from the group M6, obtaining the specific germplasm of the ultra-short-stem multi-branch sesame. The ultra-short-stem multi-branch sesame specific germplasm EM102 cultivated by the method has many and short branches, so that the lodging risk is obviously reduced; flowers are clustered, lip-shaped and pink white; the method has the advantages that the leaves are many and narrow, the stems are tender, cluster buds easily appear after the stems are broken, and the method can be used as a parent material for breeding the white oil and vegetable dual-purpose sesame and can also be used as a horticultural plant for cultivation and planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and in particular to a method for creating ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame special germplasm. Background Art

[0002] Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) originated in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. It likes high temperatures and is afraid of humidity. It was introduced to my country about 2,500 years ago. Due to the long history of sesame cultivation in my country, China is generally considered to be the secondary origin of sesame. Sesame has a wide range of adaptability and can be cultivated in all parts of my country. Sesame seeds have high nutritional value and are known as the "king of oils". Sesame is not only high in nutritional value, but also has a variety of edible methods, and is deeply loved by producers and consumers. With the improvement of living standards, my country's sesame consumption has continued to grow rapidly, more than doubling from 590,000 tons in 2003 to 1.5 million tons in 2021, accounting for nearly 25% of the world's total consumption. my country has become the world's largest sesame consumer (FAO data). Therefore, it is very urgent to breed high-yield and stable sesame varieties to promote the development of my country's sesame production and solve the problem of insufficient self-sufficiency in total.

[0003] The height of sesame plants is generally 160-180cm, and in high-yield years it can exceed 200cm, and can reach up to 220cm. In summer, it is hot and rainy, and typhoons occur from time to time. Therefore, when the soil water saturation is very high and there is a typhoon, tall plants are very likely to fall over, and are prone to stem blight and wilt, which not only cause great losses to sesame yields but also reduce the quality of the seeds. Therefore, the selection and breeding of dwarf varieties is of great significance to the development of my country's sesame industry. Creating new dwarf germplasm and ultra-dwarf germplasm is an important way to breed dwarf varieties.

[0004] Sesame can be divided into single-stem type and branched type in terms of plant type. The components of sesame yield are the number of plants per mu, the number of capsules per plant, the number of grains per capsule and the thousand-grain weight, among which the number of capsules per plant occupies an important position. Since sesame capsules grow on stems, within a certain range, the longer the stems, the more conducive to high yields, and short stems are not conducive to high yields. Branched plants can make up for this defect. Therefore, breeding ultra-short stems and multi-branched sesame varieties is of great significance for stress-resistant breeding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a special germplasm of super-dwarf multi-branched sesame to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The super-dwarf multi-branched sesame created by the method of the present invention has the advantages of super-dwarf, multi-branched, lodging-resistant, disease-resistant, and normal fruiting, which not only provides new germplasm resources for the selection and breeding of new sesame varieties, but also can be directly used for large-scale cultivation and production and horticultural viewing.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for creating ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame special germplasm, comprising the following steps:

[0008] After the Zhongzhi 14 seeds were pretreated, the seeds were mutated with ethyl methanesulfonate solution as a mutagen, and then planted to obtain the M1 population, and then self-pollinated to obtain the M2 population. Excellent individual plants were selected from the M2 population for self-pollination to obtain the M3 population, and then self-pollinated continuously to obtain the M6 ​​population. In the M6 ​​population, a stable strain EM102 was obtained, which was the ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame special germplasm;

[0009] Among them, in the M2 population, the screening traits of the excellent individual plants are short stems, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, white seeds, many branches and early maturity;

[0010] The traits of the strain EM102 include: branched, three-flowered, four-angled type, early maturity, average plant height of 60 cm, white pollen, first flowering nodes 3-5, first flowering height of 10-15 cm, growing period of 80 days, medium to small capsules, about 80 capsules per plant, about 66 grains per capsule, white grains, narrow leaves, about 60 leaves per plant, resistance to stem blight and wilt, and resistance to lodging in the field.

[0011] Furthermore, the screening traits of the M1 population for self-pollination are short stems, white grains, narrow leaves, short growth period, many branches and normal fruiting.

[0012] Furthermore, in the process of continuously self-pollinating from the M3 population to obtain the M6 ​​population, the screening traits for self-pollination are short stems, white grains, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, short seedling stage, short growth period, many branches and normal fruiting.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment includes rinsing with clean water, soaking and draining.

[0014] Furthermore, the soaking time is 2 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, the volume concentration of the ethyl methanesulfonate solution is 1%.

[0016] Furthermore, the mutagenesis time is 12 hours.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] The ultra-dwarf stem multi-branched sesame special germplasm "EM102" cultivated by the present invention has significantly reduced plant height, an average plant height of about 60 cm, 3-6 branches, 3-5 initial flowering nodes, a first flowering height of 10-15 cm, a growth period of 80 days, medium to small capsules, about 80 capsules per plant, about 66 grains per capsule, white grains, narrow leaves, about 60 leaves per plant, and resistance to stem blight and wilt, and resistance to lodging in the field.

[0019] The ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame special germplasm "EM102" cultivated by the present invention has many and short branches, which significantly reduces the risk of lodging; the flowers are concentrated and clustered, the flowers are lip-shaped, the flowers are pink and white, the ornamental value is high, and it is suitable for horticultural cultivation; the leaves are numerous and narrow, the stems are young and tender, and clustered buds are easy to grow after the stems are broken, so it is suitable for vegetable use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 The sesame variety is "Zhongzhi 14" plant;

[0022] Figure 2 The ultra-dwarf multi-branched "EM102" plant was created by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0025] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0027] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] 1. Source and characteristics of the mutagenic parents

[0030] The parent "Zhongzhi 14" (identified variety) is a white sesame variety selected by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has a high plant height, medium-late maturity, moderate flowering period, loose plant shape, medium-sized leaves, pure white seeds, good commercial quality, and average disease resistance and lodging resistance ( Figure 1 ).

[0031] 2. Identification of mutagenized progeny

[0032] Chemical mutagenesis using seeds of "Zhongzhi 14" as mutagenic material:

[0033] First, rinse the mature seeds of "Zhongzhi 14" with clean water, soak them for 2 hours after rinsing, drain the water, and then soak them in 1% (v / v) ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for 12 hours. Then, rinse the induced seeds with running water for 6 hours to remove the mutagen on the surface to obtain M1 seeds, which are then sown in the field. Under conventional field management, the induced plants in the M1 population showed dwarfed plant height, many branches, white flowers, early flowering period, concentrated flowering time, early maturity period, strong disease resistance, and strong lodging resistance.

[0034] 3. Breeding of “EM102”

[0035] From the M1 plant population obtained by mutagenesis, excellent individual plants with short stems, white grains, narrow leaves, short growing period, many branches and normal fruiting were selected for mixed harvest, self-pollination and seed retention to obtain the M2 population. The M2 generation showed drastic separation in plant height, leaf shape, flowering period, number of branches and maturity period; from the M2 population, individual plants with short stems, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, white grains, many branches and early maturity were selected for self-pollination to obtain the M3 population; individual plant selection and self-pollination for seed retention were continued for the M3-M6 populations according to the screening criteria of short stems, white grains, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, short seedling period, short growing period, many branches and normal fruiting, until the traits of each strain in the obtained M6 population were stabilized, among which strain 102 performed the best and was named "EM102".

[0036] Characteristics of "EM102": branched three-flowered four-angled type, early maturity, average plant height 60cm, white pollen, first flowering node 3-5, first flowering height 10-15cm, growth period 80 days, medium to small capsules, about 80 capsules per plant, about 66 grains per capsule, white seeds, narrow leaves, about 60 leaves per plant, field resistance to stem blight and wilt, resistance to lodging, can be used as parent material for white oil and vegetable dual-purpose sesame breeding, and can also be cultivated as a horticultural plant ( Figure 2 ).

[0037] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for creating a special germplasm of ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After the Zhongzhi 14 seeds were pretreated, the seeds were mutated with ethyl methanesulfonate solution as a mutagen, and then planted to obtain the M1 population, and then self-pollinated to obtain the M2 population. Excellent individual plants were selected from the M2 population for self-pollination to obtain the M3 population, and then self-pollinated continuously to obtain the M6 ​​population. In the M6 ​​population, a stable strain EM102 was obtained, which was the ultra-dwarf multi-branched sesame special germplasm; Among them, in the M2 population, the screening traits of the excellent individual plants are short stems, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, white seeds, many branches and early maturity; The traits of the strain EM102 include: branched, three-flowered, four-angled type, early maturity, average plant height of 60 cm, white pollen, first flowering nodes 3-5, first flowering height of 10-15 cm, growing period of 80 days, medium to small capsules, about 80 capsules per plant, about 66 grains per capsule, white grains, narrow leaves, about 60 leaves per plant, resistance to stem blight and wilt, and resistance to lodging in the field.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening traits of the M1 population for self-pollination are short stems, white seeds, narrow leaves, short growth period, many branches and normal fruiting.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of continuously self-pollinating from the M3 population to obtain the M6 ​​population, the self-pollination screening traits are short stems, white grains, narrow leaves, concentrated flowering, short seedling stage, short growth period, many branches and normal fruiting.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment includes rinsing with clean water, soaking, and draining.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soaking time is 2 hours.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume concentration of the ethyl methanesulfonate solution is 1%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mutagenesis time was 12 h.

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