Coal-based solid waste-based anti-dispersion grouting material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to solid waste recycling technical field, provide a kind of based on coal-based solid waste's anti-dispersion grouting material and its preparation method and application, the material is made of coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose, water reducing agent and alkali activator, wherein, alkali activator is made of deionized water, sodium hydroxide and water glass.The based on coal-based solid waste's anti-dispersion grouting material is prepared according to following steps: after mixing coal gangue, fly ash, silica ash, cellulose and water reducing agent, stirring treatment is carried out, and powder precursor is prepared;Alkali activator is added to the prepared powder precursor, and alkali activator is made of deionized water, sodium hydroxide and water glass, continue to stir to prepare the based on coal-based solid waste's anti-dispersion grouting material.The present application can prepare the anti-dispersion grouting material of excellent fluidity, stability and mechanical property, provides innovative path for the resource of coal-based solid waste, significantly reduces material cost, improves environmental benefits and engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste recycling technology, and in particular to anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste, their preparation methods, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] Grouting reinforcement is an important technical means to prevent mine water hazards and improve geological conditions, and it is widely used in underground engineering and the reinforcement of fractured rock masses in mines. Currently, grouting reinforcement technology has become one of the main solutions for addressing the instability and failure of fractured rock masses in underground engineering. However, traditional underwater grouting materials often suffer from problems such as easy dispersion, low early strength, and material loss due to the impact and dissolution effects of water flow in practical applications. This not only leads to unsatisfactory grouting results but also causes material waste, while increasing construction difficulty and project costs.

[0003] At the same time, the large-scale accumulation of coal-based solid waste has become an urgent environmental and resource utilization problem. If this solid waste is not effectively utilized, it will not only occupy a large amount of land resources but may also cause pollution and damage to the ecological environment. However, due to its unique chemical composition and potential cementing properties, coal-based solid waste provides a good foundation for the development of new functional building materials.

[0004] Therefore, how to develop a grouting material with excellent anti-dispersion properties and high early strength based on coal-based solid waste by optimizing the activation technology of coal-based solid waste and the material compounding process has become a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste, their preparation methods and applications.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste is provided, the material being prepared from coal gangue, fly ash, silica fume, cellulose, water-reducing agent and alkali activator, wherein the alkali activator is prepared from deionized water, sodium hydroxide and water glass.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste of the present invention is prepared according to the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0009] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5-10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0010] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0011] An alkali activator is added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator is prepared by adding 471.6-585.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 29.2-58.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270-370 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0012] Preferably, the present invention is based on a coal-based solid waste anti-dispersion grouting material, wherein the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent that improves the grout with a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate greater than 15%.

[0013] Preferably, the present invention is based on an anti-dispersion grouting material for coal-based solid waste, wherein the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, and the main chain of the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

[0014] Preferably, the present invention is based on an anti-dispersion grouting material for coal-based solid waste, wherein the water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baume degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste is provided, the method comprising:

[0016] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0017] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5-10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0018] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0019] An alkali activator is added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator is prepared by adding 471.6-585.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 29.2-58.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270-370 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0020] Preferably, in the preparation method of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste of the present invention, the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent with a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate greater than 15%.

[0021] Preferably, in the preparation method of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste of the present invention, the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, and the main chain of the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is formed by glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

[0022] Preferably, in the preparation method of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste of the present invention, the water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baumé degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste is provided for use as a grouting material in underwater engineering.

[0024] This invention relates to an anti-dispersion grouting material for coal-based solid waste, its preparation method, and its application, and has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. Improved mechanical properties: By introducing active components and appropriate amounts of alkali activators into the material, and by regulating the mineral composition and reaction system, as well as activating the potential activity of coal-based solid waste through alkali activators, a high-strength gel and skeleton structure are generated, which significantly improves the early strength and curing speed of the material. Compared with traditional underwater grouting materials that rely on cement as a cementing material, the alkali activation technology in this invention not only reduces the amount of cement used, but also improves the mechanical properties of the material, enabling rapid reinforcement and meeting the needs of rapid reinforcement in mines and underground engineering.

[0026] 2. Improve underwater anti-dispersion performance: By optimizing the activation and compounding process of coal-based solid waste, the material has strong anti-dispersion performance in the underwater environment, effectively avoiding the dispersion problem of traditional grouting materials under the impact or dissolution of water flow, avoiding the problem of reduced reinforcement effect caused by dispersion of traditional grouting materials, and ensuring the quality and reliability of grouting construction.

[0027] 3. Resource Utilization and Environmental Friendliness: Using coal gangue, fly ash, and silica fume as the main raw materials, this method effectively utilizes the active components in coal-based solid waste, achieving resource utilization of solid waste, reducing dependence on natural resources, lowering raw material costs, and alleviating the environmental pressure of coal-based solid waste storage. The preparation process does not require high-temperature calcination or high-energy-consuming processes, reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. By using alkali activators to replace part of the cement, carbon emissions during the production process are significantly reduced, helping to alleviate environmental pollution and resource waste problems. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 The anti-dispersion test diagram of the coal-based solid waste-based anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 9 of the present invention under dynamic water conditions;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and water glass on the 7-day water-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and sodium hydroxide on the 7-day water-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between sodium hydroxide and water glass on the 7-day water-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and water glass on the 28-day water-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between water glass and sodium hydroxide on the 28-day water-to-land strength ratio of anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between sodium hydroxide and water glass on the 28-day water-to-land strength ratio of anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other; and, based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0038] It should be noted that various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0039] The composition and content of the coal gangue, fly ash, and silica fume used in the embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 1 below.

[0040] Table 1

[0041]

[0042] The water-reducing agent used in this embodiment of the invention is a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent with a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content greater than 98%, and a water reduction rate greater than 15%; the cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, wherein the main chain of the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds; the water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baume degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0045] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0046] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0047] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0048] An alkaline activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkaline activator was prepared by 584.2 parts by weight of deionized water, 45.8 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0051] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0052] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0053] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0054] An alkali activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator was prepared by 583.1 parts by weight of deionized water, 36.9 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 280 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0057] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0058] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0059] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0060] An alkali activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator was prepared by 583.1 parts by weight of deionized water, 36.9 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 280 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0063] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0064] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0065] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0066] An alkaline activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkaline activator was prepared by 584.2 parts by weight of deionized water, 45.8 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0069] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0070] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0071] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0072] An alkali activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator was prepared by 537.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 52.5 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 310 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain a coal-based solid waste anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0075] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0076] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0077] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0078] An alkaline activator, which is prepared by adding 536.2 parts by weight of deionized water, 33.8 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 330 parts by weight of water glass, is added to the obtained powder precursor. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0079] Example 7

[0080] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0081] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0082] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0083] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0084] An alkaline activator, which is made of 537.9 parts by weight of deionized water, 42.1 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 320 parts by weight of water glass, is added to the obtained powder precursor. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0085] Example 8

[0086] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0087] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0088] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0089] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0090] An alkaline activator, which is prepared by adding 536.2 parts by weight of deionized water, 33.8 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 330 parts by weight of water glass, is added to the obtained powder precursor. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0093] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0094] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0095] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0096] An alkali activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator was prepared by 537.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 52.5 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 310 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain a coal-based solid waste anti-dispersion grouting material.

[0097] Example 10

[0098] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0099] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0100] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0101] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0102] An alkali activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator was prepared by adding 471.6 parts by weight of deionized water, 58.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 345 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0103] Example 11

[0104] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0105] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0106] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 7.5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0107] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0108] An alkaline activator was added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkaline activator was prepared by adding 492.1 parts by weight of deionized water, 37.9 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 370 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0109] Example 12

[0110] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0111] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0112] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0113] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0114] An alkaline activator was added to the prepared powder precursor. The alkaline activator was prepared by adding 492.6 parts by weight of deionized water, 47.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 360 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0115] Example 13

[0116] An anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, the preparation steps of which are as follows:

[0117] Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor

[0118] 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor.

[0119] Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste

[0120] An alkaline activator was added to the prepared powder precursor. The alkaline activator was prepared by adding 492.6 parts by weight of deionized water, 47.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 360 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture was stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

[0121] Example 14

[0122] The initial and final setting times of the anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Examples 1 to 13 were determined using an ISO standard Vicat apparatus. The flowability of the anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Examples 1 to 13 was tested using a standard flowability measuring platform. The standard flowability measuring platform used a standard truncated cone mold (upper opening diameter 36 mm, lower opening diameter 60 mm, height 60 mm) and a glass plate. The viscosity of the anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Examples 1 to 13 was measured using an NDJ-4 type rotary viscometer. The dynamic water retention rate of the anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Examples 1 to 13 was measured using an anti-dispersion testing device. The compressive strength of the anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste prepared in Examples 1 to 13 was tested under standard curing and underwater molding curing conditions, and the water-to-land strength ratio was calculated. The test and calculation results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0123] Table 2

[0124]

[0125] As shown in Table 2, when preparing anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of this invention, the final setting time was longer when the mass fraction of water glass was low, for example, high values ​​such as 675 min and 780 min; when the mass fraction of water glass was high, the final setting time was significantly reduced, with the lowest values ​​being 302 min and 320 min, showing a faster setting rate. In the preparation of the embodiments of this invention, water glass has a significant impact on the setting time. While balancing the setting rate and operability, appropriately increasing the amount of water glass can significantly accelerate the setting rate to meet different engineering needs.

[0126] As shown in Table 2, in the preparation of anti-dispersion grouting materials based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of this invention, the higher the weight fraction of water glass, the higher the silicate ion content in the system, which easily forms a denser network structure. This network structure increases the viscosity of the grout, leading to a decrease in fluidity. The cellulose in the embodiments of this invention can improve the fluidity and stability of the grout. It helps suspend grout particles by expanding in water to form a viscous fluid, thereby improving fluidity. Especially in systems with higher moduli, it can act as a buffer, not only improving fluidity but also enhancing the anti-dispersion and stability of the grout, making it perform better underwater or in humid environments.

[0127] Figure 1 The anti-dispersion test diagram of the coal-based solid waste-based anti-dispersion grouting material prepared in Example 9 of this invention under dynamic water conditions is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste achieves a dynamic water retention rate of over 75% under dynamic water conditions. This invention regulates the performance of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste through component ratios and material selection. In the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in this embodiment of the invention, the cellulose molecular structure contains long-chain structures with adsorption properties, enabling it to adsorb onto the surface. This bonding effect allows the grout to resist the erosion of dynamic water as a whole, significantly improving the material's erosion resistance.

[0128] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and water glass on the 7-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown in Table 2, with the increase of cellulose content, the anti-dispersion and operability of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste are improved, and the water-land strength ratio of the material is always maintained within a relatively ideal range; with the increase of water glass content, silicate ions form a denser network structure, which is conducive to the formation of dense gel, and the water-land strength ratio of the material increases.

[0129] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and sodium hydroxide on the 7-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown in Table 2, sodium hydroxide can increase the solubility of silicon oxides and aluminum oxides in solid waste materials, promote the hydration reaction, thereby accelerating the formation of a stronger polymer network and improving the strength of the material. At the same time, the increase of sodium hydroxide helps to form more gel phases, which can enhance the structural stability of the material in the hydration reaction.

[0130] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between sodium hydroxide and water glass on the 7-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown in Table 2, with the decrease of sodium hydroxide, the relative proportion of silicate ions increases, and the accompanying increase of water glass further enhances the activity of the hydration reaction. This combination can effectively promote the formation of gel in the material, improve density, and thus improve the water-to-land strength ratio.

[0131] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between cellulose and water glass on the 28-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown in Table 2, the water-to-land strength ratio gradually increases with increasing cellulose content. This is because cellulose effectively inhibits moisture loss, allowing the material to solidify more uniformly during curing and enhancing its overall strength. Simultaneously, a higher water glass content results in more uniform distribution, reducing rapid gel solidification and contributing to a higher water-to-land strength ratio.

[0132] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between water glass and sodium hydroxide on the 28-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention; Figure 6 As shown in Table 2, Figure 6 From the edge to the center of the raised region, the strength performance of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste continuously improves. The combination of cellulose and sodium hydroxide in the raised region of the center works together to achieve the optimal water-to-land strength ratio. An appropriate amount of cellulose can improve the material's adhesion, thereby enhancing underwater strength and increasing the water-to-land strength ratio. The addition of sodium hydroxide can improve the sol-gel reaction efficiency of the material and enhance the formation of hydration products.

[0133] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the interaction between sodium hydroxide and water glass on the 28-day water-to-land strength ratio of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste in Examples 1-13 of the present invention. Figure 7 As shown in Table 2, the curved surface forms a higher peak value near the intermediate mass fraction of sodium hydroxide and the higher mass fraction of water glass, indicating that the water-to-land strength ratio is close to or greater than 1 under this ratio, demonstrating superior performance. The water-to-land strength ratio corresponding to the peak point is approximately 1.2-1.6, indicating that the strength of the material in the underwater environment under this condition is close to or even higher than that in the terrestrial environment.

[0134] The anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste and its preparation method according to the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:

[0135] 1. Improved mechanical properties: By introducing active components and appropriate amounts of alkali activators into the material, and by regulating the mineral composition and reaction system, as well as activating the potential activity of coal-based solid waste through alkali activators, a high-strength gel and skeleton structure are generated, which significantly improves the early strength and curing speed of the material. Compared with traditional underwater grouting materials that rely on cement as a cementing material, the alkali activation technology in this invention not only reduces the amount of cement used, but also improves the mechanical properties of the material, enabling rapid reinforcement and meeting the needs of rapid reinforcement in mines and underground engineering.

[0136] 2. Improve underwater anti-dispersion performance: By optimizing the activation and compounding process of coal-based solid waste, the material has strong anti-dispersion performance in the underwater environment, effectively avoiding the dispersion problem of traditional grouting materials under the impact or dissolution of water flow, avoiding the problem of reduced reinforcement effect caused by dispersion of traditional grouting materials, and ensuring the quality and reliability of grouting construction.

[0137] 3. Resource Utilization and Environmental Friendliness: Using coal gangue, fly ash, and silica fume as the main raw materials, this method effectively utilizes the active components in coal-based solid waste, achieving resource utilization of solid waste, reducing dependence on natural resources, lowering raw material costs, and alleviating the environmental pressure of coal-based solid waste storage. The preparation process does not require high-temperature calcination or high-energy-consuming processes, reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. By using alkali activators to replace part of the cement, carbon emissions during the production process are significantly reduced, helping to alleviate environmental pollution and resource waste problems.

[0138] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A grouting material for preventing dispersion based on coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The material is made from coal gangue, fly ash, silica fume, cellulose, water-reducing agent and alkali activator, wherein the alkali activator is made from deionized water, sodium hydroxide and water glass; The anti-dispersion grouting material is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5-10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor. The water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent with a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of more than 98%, and a water reduction rate of more than 15%. Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste An alkali activator is added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator is prepared by adding 471.6-585.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 29.2-58.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270-370 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

2. The anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, wherein the main chain of the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

3. The anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baumé degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

4. A method for preparing an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Preparation of powder precursor 500 parts by weight of coal gangue, 200 parts by weight of fly ash, 300 parts by weight of silica fume, 5-10 parts by weight of cellulose and 5 parts by weight of water-reducing agent are mixed and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a powder precursor. The water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent with a bulk density of 500-550 g / L, a solid content of more than 98%, and a water reduction rate of more than 15%. Step 2: Preparation of anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste An alkali activator is added to the obtained powder precursor. The alkali activator is prepared by adding 471.6-585.5 parts by weight of deionized water, 29.2-58.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 270-370 parts by weight of water glass. The mixture is stirred for 3 minutes to obtain an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste.

5. The preparation method of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cellulose is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, wherein the main chain of the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is composed of glucose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

6. The preparation method of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water glass has a modulus of 3.2, a solid content of 40%, a Baumé degree of 40, and a pH value of 9.

7. An application of an anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste, characterized in that, The application of the anti-dispersion grouting material based on coal-based solid waste as described in any one of claims 1-3 as a grouting material for underwater engineering.

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