Liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method, and relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen filling. The liquid hydrogen filling process testing device comprises a discharge pipe, a filling pipe, a front filling pipeline, a rear filling pipeline, a front replacement pipeline, a rear replacement pipeline and a front rewarming pipeline. The discharge end of the filling pipe, the inlet end of the discharge pipe and the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline are all located in the isolation cavity and provided with a one-way circulation mechanism. And the discharge end of the front filling pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the filling pipe to form a filling path. The discharge end of the front replacement pipeline is communicated with the isolation cavity, and the inlet end of the rear replacement pipeline is communicated with the discharge end of the discharge pipe, so that a replacement path is formed. And the front filling pipeline, the filling pipe, the discharge pipe and the rear replacement pipeline jointly form a precooling path. And the discharge end of the front rewarming pipeline is communicated with the middle part of the front filling pipeline to form a first rewarming path. And each pipeline is provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit. The test effect of the device is improved through reasonable design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen filling, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, the development and utilization of clean energy has become the focus of attention of countries around the world. Liquid hydrogen (LH2), as an efficient and clean energy carrier, has shown great application potential in transportation, aerospace, power generation and other fields due to its high energy density and zero emission. However, the storage and refueling technology of liquid hydrogen faces many challenges, especially its extremely low operating temperature (about -253℃) puts strict requirements on equipment materials, system design and operation safety.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen needs to remain in liquid form at extremely low temperatures, which requires that during the filling process of liquid hydrogen, the entire system must be kept in a deep cold state to prevent the temperature from rising and causing the liquid hydrogen to vaporize. Therefore, a precise temperature monitoring and control system is required. Filling too quickly may cause the temperature to rise, thereby accelerating evaporation; filling too slowly will affect efficiency. Therefore, a sophisticated flow control unit is required to adjust the filling rate. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device and method which realizes precise control and management of the liquid hydrogen filling process by optimizing the precooling, filling and rewarming processes and introducing advanced flow control units and monitoring units.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A first aspect provides a liquid hydrogen filling process test device, comprising: a discharge pipe, a filling pipe, a front filling pipeline, a rear filling pipeline, a front displacement pipeline, a rear displacement pipeline and a front rewarming pipeline;

[0007] The discharge end of the filling pipe, the inlet end of the discharge pipe and the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline are arranged in an isolation chamber; the discharge end of the filling pipe, the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline and the inlet end of the discharge pipe are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism;

[0008] The discharge end of the front filling pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the filling pipe, so that the front filling pipeline, the filling pipe and the rear filling pipeline form a filling pipeline;

[0009] The discharge end of the front displacement pipeline is communicated with the isolation chamber, and the inlet end of the rear displacement pipeline is communicated with the discharge end of the discharge pipe, so that the front displacement pipeline, the discharge pipe and the rear displacement pipeline form a displacement pipeline;

[0010] The front filling pipeline, the filling pipe, the discharge pipe and the rear replacement pipeline form a precooling pipeline;

[0011] The discharge end of the front rewarming pipeline is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline, so that the front rewarming pipeline, the front filling pipeline, the filling pipe, the discharge pipe and the rear replacement pipeline form a first rewarming pipeline;

[0012] The front filling pipeline, the rear filling pipeline, the front displacement pipeline, the rear displacement pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are all provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit.

[0013] Optionally, the flow control unit includes a front filling valve group, a rear filling valve group, a front replacement valve group, a rear replacement valve group and a front rewarming valve group;

[0014] The front filling valve group is arranged on the front filling pipeline, the rear filling valve group is arranged on the rear filling pipeline, the front displacement valve group is arranged on the front displacement pipeline, the rear displacement valve group is arranged on the rear displacement pipeline, and the front rewarming valve group is arranged on the front rewarming pipeline;

[0015] The detection unit includes a front filling detection unit, a rear filling detection unit, a front replacement detection unit, a rear replacement detection unit and a front rewarming detection unit;

[0016] The front filling detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group; the rear filling detection unit is connected to the front filling valve group, and the front replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group; the rear replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group, the front filling valve group and the rear replacement valve group; the front rewarming detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group.

[0017] Optionally, a rear rewarming pipeline is further included; the inlet end of the rear rewarming pipeline is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline;

[0018] The front rewarming pipeline, the front filling pipeline, the filling pipe and the rear rewarming pipeline form a second rewarming pipeline;

[0019] The post-retemperature pipeline is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit.

[0020] Optionally, the detection unit includes a post-retemperature detection unit;

[0021] The flow control unit comprises a post-rewarming valve group, which is arranged on the post-rewarming pipeline;

[0022] The front filling detection unit is connected to the rear rewarming valve group.

[0023] Optionally, the discharge end of the filling pipe is opposite to the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline and is arranged at a distance.

[0024] Optionally, the detection unit includes at least one of the following: a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, a flow detection unit and a gas component detection unit.

[0025] Optionally, comprising a thermally insulating outer shell;

[0026] The thermal insulation shell is wrapped around the outside of the discharge pipe and the filling pipe.

[0027] A second aspect provides a liquid hydrogen filling process testing method, which is applied to the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device as described in the above technical solution, comprising:

[0028] During the replacement process, the filling pipe, the rear filling pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and the air in the isolation chamber is exhausted through the replacement pipeline;

[0029] During the precooling process, the rear filling pipeline, the front displacement pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and the filling pipe is precooled through the precooling pipeline;

[0030] During the filling process, the front displacement pipeline, the rear displacement pipeline and the front rewarming pipeline are closed, and liquid hydrogen is filled through the filling pipeline;

[0031] During the rewarming process, the rear filling pipeline and the front displacement pipeline are closed, and the filling pipe is rewarmed through the first rewarming pipeline.

[0032] Optionally, during the replacement process, the flow control unit on the front replacement pipeline is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front replacement pipeline, and the flow control unit on the rear replacement pipeline is controlled by data detected by the detection unit on the rear replacement pipeline;

[0033] During the precooling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline;

[0034] During the filling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear filling pipeline;

[0035] During the rewarming process, the flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline.

[0036] Optionally, the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device further includes a rear retemperature pipeline; the inlet end of the rear retemperature pipeline is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline; the front retemperature pipeline, the front filling pipeline, the filling pipe and the rear retemperature pipeline form a second retemperature pipeline; the flow control unit and the detection unit are arranged on the rear retemperature pipeline;

[0037] The liquid hydrogen filling process testing method further includes, during the rewarming process, controlling a flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline and the rear rewarming pipeline by using data detected by a detection unit arranged on the front filling pipeline.

[0038] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0039] 1. The precooling time is shortened through reasonable pipeline design and flow control unit. This not only improves the overall efficiency of the system, but also reduces the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen during the precooling process. The optimized precooling process ensures that the filling pipeline and other key components can quickly reach the required low temperature state, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent filling operations.

[0040] 2. The introduction of multiple rewarming pipelines (such as the first rewarming pipeline and the second rewarming pipeline) simplifies the rewarming operation process. This design makes the rewarming process more efficient and reduces the time required for rewarming. By accurately controlling the flow and temperature of hydrogen, it ensures that the system can smoothly return to normal temperature and avoids structural stress problems caused by temperature changes.

[0041] 3. Use various types of sensors (such as temperature detection unit, pressure detection unit, flow detection unit, etc.) to achieve comprehensive monitoring of the filling process. These sensors can collect data in real time and feed the information back to the control system. Advanced control systems can automatically adjust the state of flow control units (such as valves) according to monitoring data to ensure the safety and reliability of the filling process. This closed-loop control mechanism greatly improves the automation level and operation accuracy of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen filling process testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a liquid hydrogen filling process testing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1. Discharge pipe, 2. Filling pipe, 3. Front filling pipeline, 4. Rear filling pipeline, 5. Front displacement pipeline, 6. Rear displacement pipeline, 7. Front rewarming pipeline, 8. Rear rewarming pipeline, 9. Thermal insulation shell, 01. Isolation chamber;

[0047] 10, front filling valve group, 20, rear filling valve group, 30, front replacement valve group, 40, rear replacement valve group, 50, front rewarming valve group, 60, rear rewarming valve group;

[0048] 101, front filling switch valve, 102, front filling regulating valve; 201, rear filling switch valve, 202, rear filling regulating valve; 301, front displacement switch valve, 302, front displacement regulating valve; 401, rear displacement switch valve; 501, front retemperature switch valve, 502, front retemperature regulating valve; 601, rear retemperature switch valve;

[0049] 011. Front filling pressure detection unit, 012. Front filling temperature detection unit, 013. Front filling flow detection unit, 014. Rear filling pressure detection unit, 015. Rear filling temperature detection unit, 016. Front displacement pressure detection unit, 017. Front displacement flow detection unit, 018. Rear displacement gas component detection unit, 019. Rear displacement temperature detection unit, 020. Front rewarming pressure detection unit, 021. Front rewarming flow detection unit, 022. Rear rewarming temperature detection unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in a variety of forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.

[0051] The terms "a", "an", "the", and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are used to express an open-ended inclusive meaning and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0052] Liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are both energy sources stored in cryogenic liquid form, and there are significant differences in their refueling processes. The following will compare the refueling processes of these two fuels from several aspects:

[0053] Temperature requirements:

[0054] Liquid hydrogen needs to be kept at an extremely low temperature to maintain its liquid state, about -253°C (about 20K), which is about 90°C lower than the temperature of LNG. Therefore, the entire system must be kept in a deep cold state during the filling process.

[0055] LNG is liquefied and stored at a temperature of about -162°C. Although this temperature is much lower than room temperature, it is much higher than liquid hydrogen.

[0056] Materials and equipment:

[0057] Due to the ultra-low temperature characteristics of liquid hydrogen, the containers used to store and transport it and related pipelines need to use specially designed materials, such as stainless steel or special alloys that can withstand extremely low temperatures without brittle cracking, and thermal insulation issues also need to be considered to reduce evaporation losses.

[0058] The material selection for LNG systems is relatively simple. Although good thermal insulation performance is also required, the cost and technical difficulty of the materials used are generally lower than those of liquid hydrogen.

[0059] Safety measures:

[0060] Safety is an extremely important consideration for both fuels. Liquid hydrogen is prone to leakage due to its extremely low boiling point and small molecular weight, so more stringent sealing measures and detection systems are required to prevent safety accidents caused by leakage. At the same time, the hazards and impacts of flow channel blockage or seal wear caused by solid air also need to be considered.

[0061] Although LNG also requires attention to fire and explosion prevention, due to its higher temperature and greater density, it may be slightly more relaxed in some aspects than when handling liquid hydrogen.

[0062] Filling speed:

[0063] Liquid hydrogen refueling speed may be slow due to its physical properties, as filling too quickly may cause the temperature to rise and accelerate evaporation.

[0064] LNG refueling rates can generally be higher, but still need to be adjusted according to specific conditions to ensure safety.

[0065] Environmental impact:

[0066] Both are clean energy sources, but in actual operation, if a leak occurs, liquid hydrogen will quickly sublime into gas and diffuse into the air, while LNG will vaporize and form a flammable gas cloud after contacting warm air, which makes the measures taken by the two in responding to emergencies different.

[0067] In summary, liquid hydrogen and LNG both have their own advantages as alternative energy sources, but there are obvious differences in technical challenges between them, especially in terms of processing methods, required facilities, and safety controls. Customized solutions are still required for the specific application of each fuel.

[0068] Embodiment 1

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, a liquid hydrogen filling process test device in this embodiment includes: a discharge pipe 1, a filling pipe 2, a front filling pipeline 3, a rear filling pipeline 4, a front displacement pipeline 5, a rear displacement pipeline 6 and a front rewarming pipeline 7; the discharge end of the filling pipe 2, the inlet end of the discharge pipe 1 and the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline 4 are arranged in the isolation chamber 01; the discharge end of the filling pipe 2, the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline 4 and the inlet end of the discharge pipe 1 are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism; the discharge end of the front filling pipeline 3 is connected to the inlet end of the filling pipe 2, so that the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2 and the rear filling pipeline 4 form a filling pipeline; the front displacement pipeline 5 The discharge end is connected with the isolation chamber 01, and the inlet end of the rear displacement pipeline 6 is connected with the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, so that the front displacement pipeline 5, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear displacement pipeline 6 form a displacement pipeline; the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear displacement pipeline 6 form a pre-cooling pipeline; the discharge end of the front rewarming pipeline 7 is connected with the front filling pipeline 3, so that the front rewarming pipeline 7, the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear displacement pipeline 6 form a first rewarming pipeline; the front filling pipeline 3, the rear filling pipeline 4, the front displacement pipeline 5, the rear displacement pipeline 6 and the front rewarming pipeline 7 are all provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit.

[0070] Since liquid hydrogen needs to be stored and transported at extremely low temperatures (about -253°C), the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 must use materials that can withstand low temperature conditions and are compatible with hydrogen. In order to reduce heat conduction and keep the liquid hydrogen in a liquid state, the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 are usually equipped with an efficient insulation layer, such as a vacuum multi-layer insulation system.

[0071] The materials of the discharge pipe 1, filling pipe 2, front filling pipeline 3, rear filling pipeline 4, front displacement pipeline 5, rear displacement pipeline 6 and front rewarming pipeline 7 shall have good low temperature toughness to avoid brittle fracture under low temperature conditions. The material shall have a low thermal conductivity to reduce the transfer of external heat to the inside, thereby reducing evaporation losses. Under low temperature conditions, the dimensional change of the material shall be as small as possible to ensure the integrity and sealing of the structure.

[0072] A first sealing half shell is provided at the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1 and the inlet end of the filling pipe 2, and a second sealing half shell is provided at the inlet end of the rear filling pipe 4, and the first sealing half shell and the second sealing half shell form an isolation chamber 01.

[0073] The first sealing half shell and the second sealing half shell form a closed space, namely the isolation chamber 01. The interior of the isolation chamber 01 is a closed area for accommodating key components of the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, the inlet end of the filling pipe 2 and the inlet end of the post-filling pipeline 4.

[0074] One-way flow mechanisms are provided at the discharge end of the discharge pipe 1, the inlet end of the filling pipe 2 and the inlet end of the post-filling pipeline 4. These one-way flow mechanisms are located in the isolation chamber 01 to prevent fluid backflow and ensure that liquid hydrogen can only flow in a predetermined direction.

[0075] The discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 are usually fixedly connected to the first sealing half shell by integral molding. The rear filling pipeline 4 is fixedly connected to the second sealing half shell by integral molding.

[0076] The connection method between the first sealing half shell and the second sealing half shell is crucial to form an effective isolation chamber 01. This connection needs to ensure good sealing performance and also be easy to install, disassemble and maintain. The following are several common connection methods and their characteristics:

[0077] Threaded connection is a common connection method, especially on smaller pipes. The first sealing half shell and the second sealing half shell are designed with matching internal and external threads at one end, and the connection is achieved by tightening. Apply sealant or use sealing tape (such as PTFE raw tape) on the threads to enhance the sealing effect. The advantages are easy installation and good sealing performance.

[0078] Quick connector is a connection method designed for quick connection and disconnection. Use the quick connector device to connect two sealed half shells together. There is usually a sealing ring inside the quick connector, and the sealing is achieved through the mechanical locking mechanism of the quick connector. The advantage is that it is very quick to install and disassemble, which is suitable for occasions with frequent operations.

[0079] It is important to ensure that all materials used (including sealing rings) can work properly under the extremely low temperature of liquid hydrogen. Regardless of the connection method used, it is necessary to ensure good sealing performance to prevent air or other impurities from entering the isolation chamber 01.

[0080] The above embodiment merely lists one form of the isolation chamber 01 and several feasible connection modes of the first sealing half shell and the second sealing half shell, but is not intended to be limiting.

[0081] In one embodiment, the discharge end of the filling pipe 2 is arranged opposite to and spaced from the entrance end of the post-filling pipeline 4. If the discharge end of the filling pipe 2 is directly aligned with the entrance end of the post-filling pipeline, the high-speed flowing liquid hydrogen may directly impact the entrance end, resulting in excessive local pressure, which may damage the pipeline or connector. By arranging them oppositely and spaced, a certain buffer space can be provided for the liquid hydrogen before it enters the post-filling pipeline, so that its flow rate is slowed down, evenly distributed, and the impact on the pipeline is reduced. It can also reduce the risk of sealing failure caused by vibration or temperature changes.

[0082] In one embodiment, a heat-insulating outer shell 9 is included; the heat-insulating outer shell 9 is wrapped around the outer sides of the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 .

[0083] The outer layer material of the heat-insulating shell 9 is usually made of metal materials with good weather resistance (such as stainless steel) or high-strength composite materials to provide sufficient mechanical strength and protect the internal structure. The core part of the middle insulation layer is the insulation material, and commonly used are high-efficiency insulation materials such as polyurethane foam, mineral wool, and aerogel. These materials have low thermal conductivity and can effectively isolate external heat. The innermost inner layer material is the part that is in direct contact with liquid hydrogen, and it is necessary to use a material that has good adaptability to low temperatures.

[0084] In order to further improve the thermal insulation effect, multi-layer vacuum insulation technology is often used. For example, a multi-layer structure is set in the thermal insulation layer, and a vacuum is drawn between the layers to significantly reduce heat conduction and radiation heat transfer.

[0085] The heat-insulating shell 9 must have good sealing performance to prevent the entry of outside air and the loss of cold. This is usually achieved by using high-quality sealing strips and sealants.

[0086] Since insulation materials tend to be soft, they require a strong support structure to maintain their shape and position. This can be achieved by providing support frames inside the shell or by using a more rigid insulation material.

[0087] The support structure also needs to take into account the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the pipeline and leave enough gaps to avoid stress concentration caused by temperature changes.

[0088] Special treatment is required at the places where the insulated shell 9 is connected to the discharge pipe 1 and the filling pipe 2 to ensure good sealing and insulation. A common practice is to add an additional insulation layer at the interface or wrap it with flexible insulation material. The interface may also be equipped with special low-temperature seals to ensure that it can remain sealed even under extreme conditions.

[0089] A one-way flow mechanism usually refers to a device or system that can ensure that fluid or gas flows in only one direction. Its main function is to prevent the reverse flow of fluid or gas. This mechanism is very important in many industrial and daily applications to ensure the safety and efficiency of the system. The most typical example of a one-way flow mechanism is a one-way valve (check valve or non-return valve).

[0090] In one embodiment, the flow control unit includes a front filling valve group 10, a rear filling valve group 20, a front replacement valve group 30, a rear replacement valve group 40 and a front rewarming valve group 50; the front filling valve group 10 is arranged on the front filling pipeline 3, the rear filling valve group 20 is arranged on the rear filling pipeline 4, the front replacement valve group 30 is arranged on the front replacement pipeline 5, the rear replacement valve group 40 is arranged on the rear replacement pipeline 6, and the front rewarming valve group 50 is arranged on the front rewarming pipeline 7. The detection unit includes a front filling detection unit, a rear filling detection unit, a front replacement detection unit, a rear replacement detection unit and a front rewarming detection unit; the front filling detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group 50; the rear filling detection unit is connected to the front filling valve group 10, the front replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group 30; the rear replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group 30, the front filling valve group 10 and the rear replacement valve group 40; the front rewarming detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group 50.

[0091] In another embodiment, a rear rewarming pipeline 8 is further included; the inlet end of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 is connected to the middle of the front filling pipeline 3; the front rewarming pipeline 7, the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2 and the rear rewarming pipeline 8 form a second rewarming pipeline

[0092] A flow control unit and a detection unit are provided on the rear rewarming pipeline 8. Specifically, the flow control unit also includes a rear rewarming valve group 60, which is provided on the rear rewarming pipeline 8; the detection unit also includes a rear rewarming detection unit; and the rear rewarming detection unit is connected to the front filling valve group 10.

[0093] More specifically, the front filling valve group 10 includes a front filling switch valve 101 and a front filling regulating valve 102; the rear filling valve group 20 includes a rear filling switch valve 201 and a rear filling regulating valve 202; the front replacement valve group 30 includes a front replacement switch valve 301 and a front replacement regulating valve 302; the rear replacement valve group 40 includes a rear replacement switch valve 401; the front rewarming valve group 50 includes a front rewarming switch valve 501 and a front rewarming regulating valve 502, and the rear rewarming valve group 60 includes a rear rewarming switch valve 601.

[0094] Specifically, the front filling detection unit includes a front filling pressure detection unit 011, a front filling temperature detection unit 012 and a front filling flow detection unit 013. The rear filling detection unit includes a rear filling pressure detection unit 014 and a rear filling temperature detection unit 015. The front displacement detection unit includes a front displacement pressure detection unit 016 and a front displacement flow detection unit 017. The rear displacement detection unit includes a rear displacement gas component detection unit 018 and a rear displacement temperature detection unit 019. The front rewarming detection unit includes a front rewarming pressure detection unit 020 and a front rewarming flow detection unit 021. The rear rewarming detection unit includes a rear rewarming temperature detection unit 022.

[0095] The specific connection routes between each flow control unit and each detection unit are as follows:

[0096] The front filling switch valve 101 is connected to the rear filling temperature detection unit 015 by electrical signals;

[0097] The front filling regulating valve 102 is connected to the front filling flow detection unit 013 and the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 by electrical signals;

[0098] The front replacement switch valve 301 and the rear replacement switch valve 401 are both electrically connected to the rear replacement gas component detection unit 018;

[0099] The front displacement regulating valve 302 is connected to the front displacement flow detection unit 017 by electrical signals;

[0100] The front retemperature switch valve 501 and the rear retemperature switch valve 601 are both connected to the front filling pressure detection unit 011 by electrical signals;

[0101] The front retemperature regulating valve 502 is electrically connected to the front retemperature flow detection unit 021 .

[0102] Embodiment 2

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, a liquid hydrogen filling process testing method is applied to the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device as described in Example 1, comprising:

[0104] Step S201: during the replacement process, the filling pipe 2, the rear filling pipe 4 and the front rewarming pipe 7 are closed, and the air in the isolation chamber 01 is exhausted through the replacement pipe;

[0105] Step S202: precooling process, closing the rear filling pipeline 4, the front displacement pipeline 5 and the front rewarming pipeline 7, and precooling the filling pipe 2 through the precooling pipeline;

[0106] Step S203: during the filling process, the front displacement pipeline 5, the rear displacement pipeline 6 and the front rewarming pipeline 7 are closed, and liquid hydrogen is filled through the filling pipeline;

[0107] Step S204: the rewarming process, closing the rear filling pipeline 4 and the front displacement pipeline 5, rewarming the filling pipe 2 through the first rewarming pipeline, so that the temperature of the filling pipe 2 is restored to near normal temperature.

[0108] During the replacement process, the flow control unit on the front replacement pipeline 5 is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front replacement pipeline 5, and the flow control unit on the rear replacement pipeline 6 is controlled by data detected by the detection unit on the rear replacement pipeline 6 (that is, the front replacement valve group 30 and the rear replacement valve group 40 are controlled by data detected by the front replacement detection unit and the rear replacement detection unit).

[0109] During the precooling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline 3 is controlled by the data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline 6 .

[0110] During the filling process, the flow control unit on the front filling pipeline 3 is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear filling pipeline 4 .

[0111] During the rewarming process, the flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline 7 is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline 6 .

[0112] In another embodiment, the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device also includes a rear retemperature pipeline 8; the entrance end of the rear retemperature pipeline 8 is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline 3; the front retemperature pipeline 7, the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2 and the rear retemperature pipeline 8 form a second retemperature pipeline; the rear retemperature pipeline 8 is provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit.

[0113] The liquid hydrogen filling process testing method also includes controlling the flow control units on the front retemperature pipeline 7 and the rear retemperature pipeline 8 during the retemperature process by using data detected by a detection unit arranged on the front filling pipeline 3.

[0114] The liquid filled in the test device for liquid hydrogen filling process is liquid hydrogen, which has ultra-low temperature and flammable characteristics. The remaining air in the isolation chamber 01 will produce solid oxygen and solid nitrogen at -253℃ (i.e. liquid hydrogen temperature), and the solid particles will cause flow channel blockage or seal wear hazards, as well as flammable risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the air in the isolation chamber 01 with the same gas. In other words, the replacement process is used to replace the air in the isolation chamber 01 with hydrogen.

[0115] The replacement process is as follows:

[0116] Before the replacement process begins, the front filling pipeline 3 is not connected to the rear filling pipeline 4. That is, the one-way flow mechanisms respectively provided on the filling pipe 2 and the rear filling pipeline 4 are in a closed state. The one-way flow mechanism provided on the discharge pipe 1 is in an open state.

[0117] Open the front replacement switch valve 301 , the front replacement regulating valve 302 and the rear replacement switch valve 401 , and hydrogen enters from the front replacement pipeline 5 , is blown into the isolation chamber 01 , and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipeline 6 .

[0118] In this process, the hydrogen flow rate in the front replacement pipeline 5 is monitored in real time by the front replacement flow detection unit 017, and the hydrogen flow rate data detected by the front replacement flow detection unit 017 is compared with the preset flow rate, thereby controlling the opening of the front replacement regulating valve 302 (when the hydrogen flow rate detected by the front replacement flow detection unit 017 is greater than the preset flow rate, the front replacement regulating valve 302 is adjusted down, and vice versa). Then, after the gas component detected by the rear replacement gas component detection unit 018 reaches the qualified standard (it can be when the gas component detected by the rear replacement gas component detection unit 018 is only hydrogen), the front replacement switch valve 301 is closed, and the rear replacement switch valve 401 is closed after a preset time interval (for example, 2 seconds).

[0119] The precooling process is as follows:

[0120] Closing the rear filling switch valve 201 on the rear filling pipeline 4 indicates that the receiving container is closed. This process mainly evaluates the time required for precooling of the necessary filling components such as the front filling pipeline 3, the filling pipe 2, the isolation chamber 01, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipeline 6, as well as the valves on each pipeline of the setting road, and the amount of liquid hydrogen used, and determines the time efficiency and economy. This is of great value for the liquid hydrogen filling application in the fuel cell vehicle industry.

[0121] First, confirm that the post-filling switch valve 201 is closed, the one-way flow mechanism provided on the post-filling pipeline 4 is in a closed state, and the one-way flow mechanisms provided on the filling pipe 2 and the discharge pipe 1 are in an open state.

[0122] Open the rear replacement switch valve 401, the front filling regulating valve 102 with an opening of 20%, and the front filling switch valve 101 in sequence. Liquid hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front filling pipeline 3, flows into the filling pipe 2 and the isolation chamber 01, and is discharged through the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipeline 6.

[0123] During this process, the temperature drop rate is monitored in real time by the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 and compared with the preset temperature drop rate, thereby controlling the opening of the front filling regulating valve 102 (when the temperature drop rate monitored in real time by the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 is greater than the preset temperature drop rate, the opening of the front filling regulating valve 102 is reduced, and vice versa).

[0124] After the temperature detected by the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 reaches the precooling temperature, the front filling switch valve 101, the front filling regulating valve 102 and the rear replacement switch valve 401 are closed in sequence. At the same time, the precooling effect (at least including the mass flow value tested by the front filling flow detection unit 013 and the time taken to reach the preset temperature) is recorded and evaluated.

[0125] The filling process is as follows:

[0126] Open the rear filling regulating valve 202, the rear filling switch valve 201, the front filling regulating valve 102 to 20% opening and the front filling switch valve 101 in sequence. At this time, the one-way flow mechanisms respectively provided on the filling pipe 2 and the rear filling pipeline 4 are in the open state. The one-way flow mechanism provided on the discharge pipe 1 is in the closed state.

[0127] Liquid hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front filling pipeline 3 and enters the rear filling pipeline 4 through the filling pipe 2.

[0128] The post-filling regulating valve 202 is used to simulate the equivalent flow resistance of the liquid hydrogen receiving container, and adopts an opening adjustment method to simulate different filling back pressure states. The opening value is preset (obtained by design calculation).

[0129] During this process, the actual flow value is obtained by the front-filling flow detection unit 013, and a control instruction is issued based on the comparison between the predicted flow value and the actual flow value obtained by the front-filling flow detection unit 013 to adjust the front-filling regulating valve 102 (that is, when the actual flow value obtained by the front-filling flow detection unit 013 is greater than the predicted flow value, the opening of the front-filling regulating valve 102 is reduced, and vice versa).

[0130] The pressure value of the front filling pipeline 3 is obtained through the front filling pressure detection unit 011, and the pressure value of the rear filling pipeline 4 is obtained through the rear filling pressure detection unit 014, thereby obtaining test data of pipeline pressure drop under different flow conditions.

[0131] This process is mainly used to obtain measured parameters in order to study the influence of pipeline components such as liquid hydrogen filling pipe 2 and various filling valves on liquid hydrogen filling flow, pressure drop, temperature, etc. The relevant measured parameters can be used to verify the design calculation results such as simulation, and develop or optimize the design calculation model.

[0132] The rewarming process is as follows:

[0133] The rewarming process can be carried out through the first rewarming line or the second rewarming line, as follows:

[0134] 1. Reheat the device through the first reheating pipeline, as follows:

[0135] Confirm that the front filling on-off valve 101 and the rear filling on-off valve 201 are closed.

[0136] The one-way flow mechanisms provided on the filling pipe 2 and the discharge pipe 1 are in an open state, and the one-way flow mechanism provided on the rear filling pipeline 4 is in a closed state.

[0137] Open the rear replacement switch valve 401, the front retemperature regulating valve 50250% opening (adjustable later) and the front retemperature switch valve 501 in sequence to perform hydrogen purging. Hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front retemperature pipeline 7, passes through the second half of the front filling pipeline 3 (the section from the connection between the front retemperature pipeline 7 and the front filling pipeline 3 to the filling pipe 2), the filling pipe 2, the discharge pipe 1 and the rear replacement pipeline 6, and is discharged from the discharge end of the rear replacement pipeline 6.

[0138] In this process, the hydrogen flow rate in the front rewarming pipeline 7 is monitored in real time by the front rewarming flow detection unit 021, and the front rewarming regulating valve 502 is automatically adjusted as needed (i.e., when the hydrogen flow rate in the front rewarming pipeline 7 monitored in real time by the current rewarming flow detection unit 021 is greater than the preset value, the front rewarming regulating valve 502 is adjusted down, and vice versa). At the same time, the rear replacement temperature detection unit 019 monitors the temperature of the rear replacement pipeline 6 in real time, and when the monitored temperature reaches the preset temperature, the control signal is transmitted to sequentially close the front rewarming switch valve 501 and the rear replacement switch valve 401.

[0139] 2. Reheat the device through the second reheating pipeline, as follows:

[0140] Confirm that the front filling switch valve 101 and the rear filling switch valve 201 are closed, and the one-way flow mechanism set on the discharge pipe 1 is in a closed state. Open the front reheating regulating valve 502 to open 50% (adjustable later) and the front reheating switch valve 501. Hydrogen enters from the inlet end of the front reheating pipeline 7 and is discharged from the discharge end of the rear reheating pipeline 8. The pressure of the front filling pipeline 3 is obtained in real time through the front filling pressure detection unit 011. When the pressure value monitored by the front filling pressure detection unit 011 reaches the first preset value (which can be 0.5MPa), the front reheating switch valve 501 is controlled to be closed. After standing for 10 seconds, the rear reheating switch valve 601 is automatically interlocked and opened. When the pressure value monitored by the current filling pressure detection unit 011 reaches the second preset value (which can be 0.1MPa), the rear reheating switch valve 601 is controlled to be closed. Repeat the above process N times.

[0141] In the process of repeating the above N times, the temperature of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 is detected in real time by the rear rewarming temperature detection unit 022. When the temperature of the rear rewarming pipeline 8 drops to the preset temperature, the front rewarming switch valve 501 is controlled to close, and the rewarming is completed, so that the temperature of the filling pipe 2 is restored to near normal temperature.

[0142] In the embodiments of the present invention, the term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0143] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it needs to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0144] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "a preferred embodiment", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0145] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device, characterized in that: include: A discharge pipe (1), a filling pipe (2), a front filling pipeline (3), a rear filling pipeline (4), a front displacement pipeline (5), a rear displacement pipeline (6) and a front rewarming pipeline (7); The discharge end of the filling pipe (2), the inlet end of the discharge pipe (1) and the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline (4) are arranged in the isolation chamber (01); the discharge end of the filling pipe (2), the inlet end of the rear filling pipeline (4) and the inlet end of the discharge pipe (1) are all provided with a one-way flow mechanism; The discharge end of the front filling pipeline (3) is connected to the inlet end of the filling pipe (2), so that the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2) and the rear filling pipeline (4) form a filling pipeline; The discharge end of the front displacement pipeline (5) is in communication with the isolation chamber (01), and the inlet end of the rear displacement pipeline (6) is in communication with the discharge end of the discharge pipe (1), so that the front displacement pipeline (5), the discharge pipe (1) and the rear displacement pipeline (6) form a displacement pipeline; The front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2), the discharge pipe (1) and the rear replacement pipeline (6) form a precooling pipeline; The discharge end of the front rewarming pipeline (7) is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline (3), so that the front rewarming pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2), the discharge pipe (1) and the rear replacement pipeline (6) form a first rewarming pipeline; The front filling pipeline (3), the rear filling pipeline (4), the front displacement pipeline (5), the rear displacement pipeline (6) and the front rewarming pipeline (7) are all provided with a flow control unit and a detection unit.

2. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow control unit comprises a front filling valve group (10), a rear filling valve group (20), a front replacement valve group (30), a rear replacement valve group (40) and a front rewarming valve group (50); The front filling valve group (10) is arranged on the front filling pipeline (3), the rear filling valve group (20) is arranged on the rear filling pipeline (4), the front displacement valve group (30) is arranged on the front displacement pipeline (5), the rear displacement valve group (40) is arranged on the rear displacement pipeline (6), and the front rewarming valve group (50) is arranged on the front rewarming pipeline (7); The detection unit includes a front filling detection unit, a rear filling detection unit, a front replacement detection unit, a rear replacement detection unit and a front rewarming detection unit; The front filling detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group (50); the rear filling detection unit is connected to the front filling valve group (10); the front replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group (30); the rear replacement detection unit is connected to the front replacement valve group (30), the front filling valve group (10) and the rear replacement valve group (40); and the front rewarming detection unit is connected to the front rewarming valve group (50).

3. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a rear rewarming pipeline (8); the inlet end of the rear rewarming pipeline (8) is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline (3); The front rewarming pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) form a second rewarming pipeline; The post-rewarming pipeline (8) is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit.

4. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection unit includes a post-rewarming detection unit; The flow control unit comprises a post-rewarming valve group (60) arranged on the post-rewarming pipeline (8); The front filling detection unit is connected to the rear rewarming valve group (60).

5. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge end of the filling pipe (2) is opposite to the inlet end of the post-filling pipeline (4) and is arranged at a distance.

6. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit includes at least one of the following: a temperature detection unit, a pressure detection unit, a flow detection unit and a gas component detection unit.

7. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a heat-insulating outer shell (9); The heat-insulating outer shell (9) is wrapped around the outside of the discharge pipe (1) and the filling pipe (2).

8. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing method, applied to the liquid hydrogen filling process testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: During the replacement process, the filling pipe (2), the rear filling pipeline (4) and the front rewarming pipeline (7) are closed, and the air in the isolation chamber (01) is exhausted through the replacement pipeline; In the precooling process, the rear filling pipeline (4), the front displacement pipeline (5) and the front rewarming pipeline (7) are closed, and the filling pipe (2) is precooled through the precooling pipeline; During the filling process, the front displacement pipeline (5), the rear displacement pipeline (6) and the front rewarming pipeline (7) are closed, and liquid hydrogen is filled through the filling pipeline; During the rewarming process, the rear filling pipeline (4) and the front displacement pipeline (5) are closed, and the filling pipe (2) is rewarmed through the first rewarming pipeline.

9. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the replacement process, the flow control unit on the front replacement pipeline (5) is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the front replacement pipeline (5), and the flow control unit on the rear replacement pipeline (6) is controlled by data detected by the detection unit on the rear replacement pipeline (6); During the precooling process, a flow control unit on the front filling pipeline (3) is controlled by data detected by a detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline (6); During the filling process, a flow control unit on the front filling pipeline (3) is controlled by data detected by a detection unit arranged on the rear filling pipeline (4); During the rewarming process, the flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline (7) is controlled by data detected by the detection unit arranged on the rear replacement pipeline (6).

10. A liquid hydrogen filling process testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen filling process testing device further comprises a rear rewarming pipeline (8); the inlet end of the rear rewarming pipeline (8) is connected to the middle part of the front filling pipeline (3); the front rewarming pipeline (7), the front filling pipeline (3), the filling pipe (2) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) form a second rewarming pipeline; the rear rewarming pipeline (8) is provided with the flow control unit and the detection unit; The liquid hydrogen filling process testing method further comprises, during the rewarming process, controlling a flow control unit on the front rewarming pipeline (7) and the rear rewarming pipeline (8) by using data detected by a detection unit arranged on the front filling pipeline (3).

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