A method for realizing plane layout of water surface photovoltaic floating array

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for realizing the planar layout of a water surface photovoltaic floating array, belonging to the technical field of water surface photovoltaic planar layout design; the method comprises the following steps: determining the structural type of a water surface photovoltaic floating system; constructing an environmental load prediction model for a water surface photovoltaic floating array; establishing a constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating array, solving the constraint equation using an iterative method to obtain the maximum theoretical area of ​​a rectangular array; calculating the anchor cable force of a typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of a rectangular array formed after filling the zigzags, introducing an anchor cable force amplification coefficient into the rectangular array area constraint equation to obtain the maximum number of rows and columns of the zigzag array; and determining the final planar layout scheme based on the project site conditions and the project installed capacity. The present invention maximizes the layout area of ​​a single water surface photovoltaic floating array by constructing an environmental load prediction model and a layout area constraint equation for a water surface photovoltaic floating array, and calculating the anchor cable force and anchor cable force amplification coefficient of a typical zigzag array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water surface photovoltaic plane layout design, and in particular relates to a method for realizing the plane layout of a water surface photovoltaic floating array. Background Art

[0002] Clean, green, and low-carbon are the defining characteristics of my country's current energy transition. Photovoltaic power generation, as a renewable energy source, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Compared to land-based photovoltaic power generation, floating photovoltaic power stations are popular in the market because they don't occupy land resources, offer relatively high power generation capacity, and can also support aquaculture.

[0003] In theory, the larger the area of ​​a single photovoltaic array, the lower the unit power generation cost. However, current methods for determining array area in engineering projects are often based on empirical verification, lacking a rigorous, systematic design approach. Furthermore, arrays are often arranged in a zigzag pattern due to practical water constraints. This can generate significant torque under environmental conditions, leading to anchor failure. However, existing research lacks analysis of the stresses on zigzag arrays.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are how to maximize the layout area of ​​a single floating photovoltaic array and how to calculate the force and maximum layout area of ​​the zigzag array to obtain a more scientific surface photovoltaic plan layout solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the planar layout of a water surface photovoltaic floating array, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for realizing the planar layout of a water surface photovoltaic floating array, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Determine the structural type of the photovoltaic floating system based on the meteorological and hydrological data, topographic and geological conditions of the target waters and design experience;

[0008] Step S2: Constructing a mathematical model for predicting environmental loads on floating photovoltaic arrays of any scale;

[0009] Step S2-1: The wind load and water flow load on the upstream floating structures of the array are obtained through standard formulas or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation, while the wind load and water flow load on the downstream structures of the array are estimated by using the group shielding effect;

[0010] Step S2-2: Calculate the wave force on floating photovoltaic arrays of different orders on the water surface using potential flow theory and frequency domain analysis methods, and obtain a functional relationship between the wave load on the photovoltaic array and the array order;

[0011] Step S2-3: Based on the design value of the load combination effect of the photovoltaic floating system under the ultimate bearing capacity state, a mathematical model for predicting the environmental load of a floating array of any scale (I rows × J columns) is constructed;

[0012] Step S3: establishing a constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface, and solving the constraint equation using an iterative method to obtain the maximum theoretical number of rows and columns of the rectangular array;

[0013] Step S4: Calculate the anchor cable force of a typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of a rectangular array formed by filling the zigzags. By introducing the anchor cable force amplification coefficient into the area constraint equation of the rectangular array, the maximum number of rows and columns of the zigzag array is obtained.

[0014] Step S5: Determine the final layout plan of the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface based on the actual site conditions and the project installed capacity.

[0015] Preferably, the floating structure types in step S1 include a float + support structure and a pure float structure, and the float includes a walkway float and a combiner box float;

[0016] Select the floating structure type and obtain the size, draft, size and inclination of the floating body, connecting rod material and size, strength of the floating body edge anchoring node, anchor rope arrangement, and anchor block bearing capacity parameters.

[0017] Preferably, the load combination effect design value is:

[0018] F d =1.2(F G +F B )+1.4F wind +0.7(1.5F wave +1.5F current +1.4F snow );

[0019] Where, F G Represents gravity, F B Indicates buoyancy, F wind Indicates wind load, F current Indicates the water flow load, F wave represents the wave load, F snow Represents snow load.

[0020] Preferably, the environmental load prediction mathematical model of a photovoltaic array of any scale (I rows×J columns) is obtained in step S2-3, specifically:

[0021] According to the definition of the environmental load coordinate system and the right-hand principle, the +X direction is oriented to the south and the +Y direction is oriented to the east. The combination of environmental effects on the north and west sides is selected as the main control load. From north to south, two adjacent photovoltaic modules and a floating body are combined into a basic unit. Based on this, the mathematical model for environmental load prediction is established.

[0022] The mathematical model for environmental load prediction is:

[0023] F X =1.4[(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )J+(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )(I / 2-1)Jm nw ]

[0024] +1.05[(F Xc-swf J+F Xc-swf IJM nc / 2)+A(a+bJ / N)];

[0025] F Y =1.4[(F Yw-dpvms +F Yw-swf )I / 2+(F Yw-dpvms +F Yw-swf )I(J-1)m ww / 2+F Yw-scbf I]

[0026] +1.05[F Yc-scbf I+F Yc-swf I / 2+F Yc-swf I(J-1)m wc / 2+A(c+Id / M)];

[0027] Where, F X and F Y are the north and west control loads of the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent photovoltaic modules at the northernmost end of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north flow load on the first row of single floats, F Yw-dpvms 、F Yw-swf and F Yw-scbf are the westerly wind loads on the first two adjacent photovoltaic panels in the west row, the first single floating body and the single combiner box, respectively. Yc-swf and F Yc-scbf are the west flow loads on the first row of single floats and single junction box, m nw 、m ww are the north wind and west wind load group shielding influence coefficients of the basic unit, m nc、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of water flow loads on the north and west sides of the floating body, respectively.

[0028] Preferably, the constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the water surface photovoltaic floating array established in step S3 is:

[0029] F i / n i ≤min(R ha ,R ta cotα i ,P i ,Tcosα i / γ,F netb cotα i );

[0030] Where, F i and n i (i=X,Y) are the environmental load on one side of the array and the number of anchor points arranged, R ha and R ta are the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity and the standard value of vertical pull-out bearing capacity of anchor foundation, P i is the tensile strength of the connection node between the anchor system and the edge of the array, T is the breaking force of the anchor cable, F netb is the maximum net buoyancy of the floating body, α i is the angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane, and γ is the equivalent safety factor.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, an iterative method is used to solve the constraint equation to obtain the maximum theoretical number of rows and columns of the rectangular matrix. The specific operation is:

[0032] Assume that the initial value I1 = 1, J1 = the maximum value M, and calculate I2 from the constraint equation in the X direction;

[0033] Substitute I2 into the constraint equation in the Y direction to obtain J2, and then substitute J2 back into the constraint equation in the X direction for iteration;

[0034] If I k+1 -I k <1, J k+1 -J k <1, then I max =I k+1 , J max =J k+1 , thus obtaining the maximum theoretical layout area of ​​the rectangular array.

[0035] Preferably, the calculation of the anchor cable force of the typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of the rectangular array formed after filling the zigzags in step S4 is specifically as follows:

[0036] Step S4-1: Divide the target zigzag array into several rectangular subdomains, calculate the forces on each subdomain using a mathematical model, and accumulate them to obtain the overall concentrated load;

[0037] Step S4-2: Apply concentrated force and torque at the geometric center of the zigzag array, use the structural finite element method to calculate the anchor cable force, and compare it with the result of the rectangular array after filling the zigzag to obtain the anchor cable force amplification factor β, and finally convert it into the calculation of the corresponding rectangular array:

[0038] βF i / n i ≤min(R ha ,R ta cotα i ,P i ,Tcosα i / γ,F netb cotα i );

[0039] Step S4-3: Cut out the original sawtooth based on the obtained rectangular array size to obtain the maximum layout area of ​​the sawtooth array.

[0040] Preferably, the torque of the zigzag array in step S4-1 has a unified expression. When the north side load is used as the control load, the expression is as follows:

[0041] M z =[(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )(1-m nw )+F Xc-swf (1-m nc )+A(a / J+b / N)]J·y G ;

[0042] Where M z is the torque on the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent PV panels on the northernmost side of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north side flow load on the first row of single floats, m nc 、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of the water flow load on the north and west sides of the floating body, y G is the eccentricity.

[0043] Preferably, in step S5, the final plane layout plan is determined according to the construction site conditions and the project installed capacity. The factors considered according to the construction site conditions include the water area, the shape of the water area, and the restrictions of surrounding facilities. The plane layout plan includes the shape and area of ​​the floating array.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following improvements and advantages:

[0045] 1. By constructing a mathematical model of the overall environmental load of a floating photovoltaic array on the water surface, and combining the structural strength and foundation bearing capacity requirements that the floating system and mooring system should meet, a constraint equation for the rectangular array layout area is established. The constraint equation is iteratively solved to maximize the layout area of ​​a single rectangular array.

[0046] 2. By calculating the anchor cable force of a typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of a rectangular array formed by filling the zigzags, the anchor cable force amplification coefficient is obtained. By introducing the anchor cable force amplification coefficient into the area constraint equation of the rectangular array, the maximum layout area of ​​the zigzag array is obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 Flowchart for solving the constraint equation for maximizing the area of ​​a rectangular matrix.

[0049] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the rectangular array and typical zigzag array layout. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention is further summarized below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The present invention is further summarized below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface comprises the following steps:

[0053] Step S1: Determine the structural type of the photovoltaic floating system based on the meteorological and hydrological data, topographic and geological conditions of the target waters and design experience;

[0054] The present invention application is explained by taking a water surface photovoltaic power generation project of a power plant as an example:

[0055] Based on the meteorological and hydrological data of the project site obtained from the project feasibility report, geological survey report, etc., the local extreme operating conditions that occur once every 50 years are as follows: the maximum wind speed at 10m height for 10 minutes is 24.8m / s; the flow velocity is 0.474m / s; the wave height is 0.4m; the maximum water depth in the site is 5.6m, and the minimum water depth is 1.7m.

[0056] The pontoon was selected based on meteorological, hydrological, and geological survey data. The floating system adopts a pontoon + connecting rod structure. The pontoon includes a walkway pontoon and a junction box pontoon, with dimensions of 2.230m×0.480m×0.265m (length×width×height) and 1.1984m×0.467m×0.265m, respectively, and a draft of 0.125m. The photovoltaic modules are placed on the front bracket of the walkway pontoon and on the V-shaped bracket on the connecting rod. The connecting rod is made of aluminum alloy C-shaped steel. The module has an inclination angle of 12° and dimensions of 2.256m×1.133m×0.035m (length×width×thickness). The maximum strength of the pontoon lugs and rods in the east-west direction does not exceed 18kN, and the maximum strength in the north-south direction does not exceed 25kN.

[0057] Anchorage and anchor foundations were selected and arranged based on meteorological, hydrological, and geological survey data. A straight-pull anchor rope was constructed from steel-core steel cable with a nominal diameter of 20 mm. The average spacing between anchor points on the north and south sides of the array and anchor points on the east and west sides was designed to be Δd1 = 3.31 m and Δd2 = 4.73 m, respectively. The horizontal distance between the north and south anchor foundations and the array edge anchor points was approximately 10 m, and the horizontal distance between the east and west anchor foundations and the array edge anchor points was approximately 12 m. After tensioning, the maximum angle between the anchor ropes and the base horizontal plane was 29.2°, and at low water levels it was 8.53°. The array's underwater anchorage was secured with reinforced concrete anchor blocks measuring 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.5 m. Two concrete anchor blocks were placed side by side at each anchor point. The horizontal tensile strength of a single anchor point at the highest and lowest water levels was 16.7803 kN and 21.4060 kN, respectively.

[0058] Step S2: Constructing a mathematical model for predicting environmental loads on floating photovoltaic arrays of any scale;

[0059] Step S2-1: The wind load and water flow load on the upstream floating structures of the array are obtained through standard formulas or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation, while the wind load and water flow load on the downstream structures of the array are estimated by using the group shielding effect;

[0060] The standard formula is based on the load calculation formula in the "Design Specifications for Floating Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems" T / CPIA 0017-2019;

[0061] The 2.5D method is used to calculate the wind field of photovoltaic sub-arrays of different orders under northerly and westerly wind conditions. The inlet boundary of the numerical model is set as a velocity inlet with a wind speed of 24.8 m / s, the outlet is a pressure outlet, the bottom is a no-slip boundary, the top is a symmetric boundary, and the two sides are set as periodic boundaries. The near-wall flow is simulated using the standard wall function, the turbulence model uses Realizable k-ε, and the numerical discretization of the control equation uses the finite volume method; the flow field simulation method for floating sub-arrays of different orders is the same as above, and the inlet flow velocity is 0.474 m / s.

[0062] Step S2-2: Calculate the wave force on floating photovoltaic arrays of different orders on the water surface using potential flow theory and frequency domain analysis methods, and obtain a functional relationship between the wave load on the photovoltaic array and the array order;

[0063] The Line module in the floating body analysis software AQWA is used to perform frequency domain calculations on the wave forces of different-order floating photovoltaic arrays on the water surface:

[0064] Define the independent variable n, and stipulate that the independent variable of the I row × J column = 2 × 2 matrix is ​​1, then the independent variables corresponding to the sub-matrices 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, and 12 × 12 are 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively; then calculate the relationship between the matrix wave load and n.

[0065] Step S2-3: combining the design value of the load combination effect of the photovoltaic floating system under the ultimate bearing capacity state, and obtaining a mathematical model for predicting the environmental load of a photovoltaic array of any scale (I rows × J columns);

[0066] According to the definition of the environmental load coordinate system and the right-hand principle, the +X direction is oriented to the south and the +Y direction is oriented to the east. The combination of environmental effects on the north and west sides is selected as the main control load. From north to south, two adjacent photovoltaic modules and a floating body are combined into a basic unit. Based on this, the mathematical model for environmental load prediction is established.

[0067] The mathematical model for environmental load prediction is:

[0068] F X =1.4[(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )J+(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )(I / 2-1)J mnw ]+1.05[(F Xc-swf J+F Xc- swf IJM nc / 2)+A(a+bJ / N)];

[0069] F Y =1.4[(F Yw-dpvms +F Yw-swf )I / 2+(F Yw-dpvms +F Yw-swf )I(J-1)m ww / 2+F Yw-scbf I]+1.05[F Yc-scbf I+F Yc-swf I / 2+F Yc-swf I(J-1)m wc / 2+A(c+Id / M)];

[0070] Where, F X and F Y are the north and west control loads of the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent photovoltaic modules at the northernmost end of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north flow load on the first row of single floats, F Yw-dpvms 、F Yw-swf and F Yw-scbf are the westerly wind loads on the first two adjacent photovoltaic panels in the west row, the first single floating body and the single combiner box, respectively. Yc-swf and F Yc-scbf are the west flow loads on the first row of single floats and single junction box, m nw 、m ww are the north wind and west wind load group shielding influence coefficients of the basic unit, m nc 、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of the water flow load on the north and west sides of the floating body respectively;

[0071]

[0072] Substituting the data in the table into the environmental load prediction mathematical model, we can obtain the north and west control loads on the I-row×J-column square matrix:

[0073] F X =0.0783IJ+0.4786J+0.588(kN);

[0074] F Y =0.4572I+0.0102IJ+0.901(kN).

[0075] Step S3: establishing a constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface, and solving the constraint equation using an iterative method to obtain the maximum theoretical area of ​​the rectangular array;

[0076] Establish the constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface. The constraint equation expression is:

[0077] F i / n i ≤min(R ha ,R ta cotα i ,P i ,Tcosα i / γ,F netb cotα i );

[0078] Where, F i and n i(i=X,Y) are the environmental load on one side of the array and the number of anchor points arranged, R ha and R ta are the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity and the standard value of vertical pull-out bearing capacity of anchor foundation, P i is the tensile strength of the connection node between the anchor system and the edge of the array, T is the breaking force of the anchor cable, F netb is the maximum net buoyancy of the floating body, α i is the angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane, γ is the equivalent safety factor;

[0079] The constraint equation is solved by iterative method to obtain the maximum theoretical area of ​​the rectangular matrix. The specific operation is:

[0080] Assume that the initial value I1 = 1, J1 = the maximum value M, and calculate I2 from the constraint equation in the X direction;

[0081] Substitute I2 into the constraint equation in the Y direction to obtain J2, and then substitute J2 back into the constraint equation in the X direction for iteration;

[0082] If I k+1 -I k <1, J k+1 -J k <1, then I max =I k+1 , J max =J k+1 , thus obtaining the maximum theoretical layout area of ​​the rectangular array.

[0083] According to the above analysis and combined with the constraint conditions, the specific form of the rectangular array area constraint equation can be obtained:

[0084] High Water Level:

[0085] Low Water Level:

[0086] Solve the above two equations to get I max =146, J max =512andI max =188, J max =665.

[0087] In step S4, the mooring force of the typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of the rectangular array formed after filling the zigzag are calculated, specifically:

[0088] Step S4-1: Divide the target zigzag array into several rectangular subdomains, calculate the forces on each subdomain using a mathematical model, and accumulate them to obtain the overall concentrated load;

[0089] The torque of the zigzag array has a unified expression. When the north side load is used as the control load, the expression is as follows:

[0090] M z =[(F Xw-dpvms +F Xw-swf )(1-m nw )+F Xc-swf (1-m nc )+A(a / J+b / N)]J·y G ;

[0091] Where M z is the torque on the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent photovoltaic modules at the northernmost end of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north side flow load on the first row of single floats, m nc 、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of the water flow load on the north and west sides of the floating body, y G is the eccentricity.

[0092] Step S4-2: Apply concentrated force and torque at the geometric center of the zigzag array. Use the structural finite element method to calculate the anchor cable force. Compare the result with the rectangular array after filling the zigzags to obtain the anchor cable force amplification factor β, and finally convert it into the calculation of the corresponding rectangular array:

[0093] βF i / n i ≤min(R ha ,R ta cotα i ,P i ,Tcosα i / γ,F netb cotα i ).

[0094]

[0095] Step S4-3: cutting out the original sawtooth based on the obtained rectangular array size to obtain the maximum layout area of ​​the sawtooth array;

[0096] According to the characteristics of the water area, the II type square array is selected, and the left side of the rectangular array area constraint equation is multiplied by the corresponding magnification coefficient and solved to obtain I max =106, J max =372 (high water level) and I max =123, J max =437 (low water level).

[0097] Step S5: Determine the final plan layout according to the characteristics of the water area and the project site conditions;

[0098] Taking into account water restrictions and electrical design requirements, the actual maximum number of rows and columns of the rectangular array is 112 rows × 112 columns, and the actual maximum number of rows and columns of the zigzag array is 104 rows × 112 columns.

[0099] The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Determine the structural type of the photovoltaic floating system based on the meteorological and hydrological data, topographic and geological conditions of the target waters and design experience; Step S2: Constructing a mathematical model for predicting environmental loads on floating photovoltaic arrays of any scale; Step S2-1: The wind load and water flow load on the upstream floating structures of the array are obtained through standard formulas or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations, while the wind load and water flow load on the downstream structures of the array are estimated through the group shielding effect; Step S2-2: Calculate the wave force on floating photovoltaic arrays of different orders on the water surface using potential flow theory and frequency domain analysis methods, and obtain a functional relationship between the wave load on the photovoltaic array and the array order; Step S2-3: Based on the design value of the load combination effect of the photovoltaic floating system under the ultimate bearing capacity state, a mathematical model for environmental load prediction of an arbitrary scale I-row × J-column floating array is constructed; Step S3: establishing a constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface, and solving the constraint equation using an iterative method to obtain the maximum theoretical number of rows and columns of the rectangular array; The constraint equation for the layout area of ​​the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface is established as follows: ； Where, F i and n i are the environmental load on one side of the array and the number of anchor points arranged, i = X, Y, X is the X direction, and is the Y direction; R ha and R ta are the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity and the standard value of vertical pull-out bearing capacity of anchor foundation, P i is the tensile strength of the connection node between the anchor system and the edge of the array, T is the breaking force of the anchor cable, F netb is the maximum net buoyancy of the floating body, α i is the angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane, γ is the equivalent safety factor; Step S4: Calculate the anchor cable force of a typical zigzag array and the anchor cable force of a rectangular array formed by filling the zigzags. By introducing the anchor cable force amplification coefficient into the area constraint equation of the rectangular array, the maximum number of rows and columns of the zigzag array is obtained. Calculate the anchor cable forces of a typical zigzag array and the anchor cable forces of a rectangular array formed by filling the zigzags. Specifically: Step S4-1: Divide the target zigzag array into several rectangular subdomains, calculate the forces on each subdomain using a mathematical model, and accumulate them to obtain the overall concentrated load; Step S4-2: Apply concentrated force and torque at the geometric center of the zigzag array, use the structural finite element method to calculate the anchor cable force, and compare it with the result of the rectangular array after filling the zigzag to obtain the anchor cable force amplification factor β, and finally convert it into the calculation of the corresponding rectangular array: ； Step S4-3: cutting out the original sawtooth based on the obtained rectangular array size to obtain the maximum layout area of ​​the sawtooth array; Step S5: Determine the final layout plan of the floating photovoltaic array on the water surface based on the actual site conditions and the project installed capacity.

2. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the floating structure types include a float + support structure and a pure float structure, and the float includes a walkway float and a combiner box float; Select the floating structure type and obtain the size, draft, size and inclination of the floating body, connecting rod material and size, strength of the floating body edge anchoring node, anchor rope arrangement, and anchor block bearing capacity parameters.

3. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design value of the load combination effect is: ； Where, F G Represents gravity, F B Indicates buoyancy, F wind Indicates wind load, F current Indicates the water flow load, F wave represents the wave load, F snow Represents snow load.

4. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2-3, a mathematical model for predicting environmental loads of a photovoltaic array of any scale (I rows × J columns) is obtained, specifically: According to the definition of the environmental load coordinate system and the right-hand principle, the +X direction is oriented to the south and the +Y direction is oriented to the east. The combination of environmental effects on the north and west sides is selected as the main control load. From north to south, two adjacent photovoltaic modules and a floating body are combined into a basic unit. Based on this, the mathematical model for environmental load prediction is established. The mathematical model for environmental load prediction is: ； ； Where, F X and F Y are the north and west control loads of the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent photovoltaic modules at the northernmost end of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north flow load on the first row of single floats, F Yw-dpvms 、F Yw-swf and F Yw-scbf are the westerly wind loads on the first two adjacent photovoltaic panels in the west row, the first single floating body and the single combiner box, respectively. Yc-swf and F Yc-scbf are the west flow loads on the first row of single floats and single junction box, m nw 、m ww are the north wind and west wind load group shielding influence coefficients of the basic unit, m nc 、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of water flow loads on the north and west sides of the floating body, respectively.

5. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, an iterative method is used to solve the constraint equation to obtain the maximum theoretical number of rows and columns of the rectangular matrix. The specific operation is: Assume that the initial value I1=1, J1=maximum value M, and calculate I2 from the constraint equation in the X direction; Substitute I2 into the constraint equation in the Y direction to obtain J2, and then substitute J2 back into the constraint equation in the X direction for iteration; If I k+1 -I k <1, J k+1 -J k <1, then I max =I k+1 , J max =J k+1 , thus obtaining the maximum theoretical layout area of ​​the rectangular array.

6. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque of the zigzag array in step S4-1 has a unified expression. When the north side load is used as the control load, the expression is as follows: ； Where M z is the torque on the array, F Xw-dpvms and F Xw-swf are the north wind loads on the two adjacent PV panels on the northernmost side of the array and the single floating body in the first row, respectively. Xc-swf is the north side flow load on the first row of single floats, m nc 、m wc are the group shielding influence coefficients of the water flow load on the north and west sides of the floating body, y G is the eccentricity.

7. The method for implementing a planar layout of a floating photovoltaic array on a water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the final plan layout is determined based on the project site conditions and the project installed capacity. Factors considered based on the project site conditions include the water area, water shape, and restrictions on surrounding facilities. The plan layout includes the shape and area of ​​the floating array.

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