Method for constructing near-natural vegetation landscape of urban wetland ecological island

Abstract

The invention relates to a near-natural vegetation landscape construction method of an urban wetland ecological island, a city is a Yangtze River Delta region city, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a plurality of plant communities in a target region and a surrounding region thereof, and respectively carrying out naturalness evaluation by adopting an improved AHP-entropy weight method, obtaining a reference system local plant community suitable for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of the urban wetland ecological island; s2, setting a plurality of square sample grids in the local plant community of each reference system, and dividing top polar pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession top polar species in each sample grid; and S3, planting top polar pioneer seeds, succession sequence seeds and succession top polar seeds in the target area by adopting a planting mode of heterogeneity-different diameter at breast height-synchronous layered mixing. The vegetation landscape construction method is objective and scientific, high in ecological benefit, fast in succession process and low in construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment, and more specifically, relates to a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the urban ecosystem, urban wetlands play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, purifying water quality, etc. Urban wetlands involve two related ecological modules: wetlands and land. On the whole, they have an ecological succession series of aquatic plant communities, wetland plant communities, and terrestrial plant communities, as well as a rich ecological landscape formed by them.

[0003] At present, there are few systematic studies on the construction of urban wetland vegetation landscapes, and even fewer studies on the construction methods of near-natural vegetation landscapes in urban wetland ecological islands. At present, the ecological restoration of the terrestrial part of urban wetlands is mainly based on engineering measures, and the construction of vegetation landscapes mostly adopts traditional landscaping and forestry afforestation methods, tending to imitate the existing urban park green spaces, thus forming a relatively fixed and monotonous "water forest" dominated by pond cypress and baldcypress and / or an open green space with more than 50% of foreign tree species. Although this layout pattern can avoid or reduce construction risks, it has the disadvantage of insufficient consideration of the importance of native plants in the plant configuration process, that is, there is a lack of analysis to compare native plant communities and their composition characteristics, which will lead to irrationality in the ecological niche, successional status and function of each configured plant in the existing layout pattern, unclear hierarchical planning of planting patterns (for example, the lack of native shrub and herb layers), and inappropriate species matching, resulting in a lack of self-renewal and self-sustaining ability of plant communities under this layout pattern, and insufficient biodiversity; in addition, the above-mentioned layout pattern often uses artificial planting of large-diameter seedlings (diameter at breast height of 15 cm or more), which has high procurement and maintenance costs.

[0004] Based on this, it is urgent to propose a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape in an urban wetland ecological island to address the scarcity of research on the method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape in an urban wetland ecological island, as well as the drawbacks of insufficient consideration of the importance of native plants in the plant configuration process in the existing terrestrial part of urban wetlands. Under the existing layout model, the niche, successional status and function of each configured plant are irrational, the hierarchical planning of the planting pattern is unclear (for example, the lack of native shrub layer and herb layer), and the species matching is inappropriate, resulting in the technical problems of lack of self-renewal and self-sustaining ability of the plant community under this layout model and insufficient biodiversity. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, so as to solve the following problems: the research on the method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island is scarce, and the existing urban wetland terrestrial part has the disadvantage of insufficient consideration of the importance of native plants in the process of plant configuration, the ecological niche, successional status and function of each configured plant in the existing layout mode are irrational, the hierarchical planning of the planting pattern is unclear (for example, the lack of native shrub layer and herb layer), and the species matching is inappropriate, resulting in at least one of the technical problems that the plant community in the layout mode is lacking in self-renewal and self-sustaining ability, and insufficient biodiversity.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, wherein the city is a city in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Select several plant communities in the target area for near-natural vegetation landscape construction and its surrounding areas, and use the improved AHP-entropy weight method to evaluate the naturalness, so as to obtain the reference system native plant communities suitable for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape of the urban wetland ecological island;

[0009] Step S2: setting a number of square sample grids in each of the native plant communities of the reference system, and marking the species, diameter at breast height, and coordinate position information of the woody plants with a height of more than 1.5 m in each of the sample grids, and dividing the climax pioneer species, succession sequence species, and succession climax species in each of the sample grids based on the marked information;

[0010] Step S3: adopting a planting method of heterogeneous species, different breast diameter grades and synchronous layered mixed planting to plant the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape, wherein before planting, the succession sequence species and succession apex species are dipped in a slurry made of a mixture of root-promoting microbial agents and water.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, 10-15 plant communities are selected in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape and its surrounding areas.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, 3-5 square sample grids are set in each of the reference system native plant communities, and the side length of the square sample grid is not less than 10m.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the apex pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species are divided according to the frequency curve of diameter at breast height, the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the apex pioneer species is a single peak, and the single peak corresponds to the small diameter at breast height; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession sequence species is a discontinuous multiple single peaks, and the several single peaks are concentrated in the medium diameter at breast height; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession apex species is an inverse J-shaped continuous distribution, showing a large peak of small diameter at breast height and a small peak of large diameter at breast height; the horizontal axis of the frequency curve of diameter at breast height is the diameter at breast height, and the horizontal axis is in units of 5 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the small breast diameter grade size range is less than 5 cm, the medium breast diameter grade size range is less than 5 cm-20 cm, and the large breast diameter grade size range is greater than 20 cm.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the apical pioneer species are selected from at least two of the group consisting of Hackberry, Quercus acutissima, Liquidambar formosana, Ziziphus jujuba, Pistacia chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer truncatum, Ulmus pumila, Acer palmatum, Echinops truncatula, Pyrus nobilis, Chinaberry, Dalbergia paniculata, and Mulberry.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the succession sequence species are selected from at least three of Phoebe chekiangensis, Phoebe rubrum, Schima superba, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus sinensis, Elaeocarpus elaeocarpus, Ilex versicolor, Ligustrum lucidum, Myrica rubra, Cistanche deserticola, Photinia fraseri, Loropetalum chinensis, Bauhinia chinensis, Prunus armeniaca, and Flos Lonicerae.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the successional climax species are selected from at least three of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fargesii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cinnamomum camphora, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Castanopsis carlesii, Ficus microcarpa, Camellia japonica, Camellia jasminoides, Gardenia jasminoides, Alumensis chinensis, Holly fruit, Elaeagnus oleraceus, and Osmanthus fragrans.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the apical pioneer species are randomly planted at a density of 1 to 1.5 plants per square meter, with 1 to 3 tree species, a breast diameter of 3 to 5 cm, and a seedling height of 2 to 4 m, to form a shade wood layer on the upper layer of the community; the successional sequence species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 1 to 1.5 m; the successional apex species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 0.5 to 1 m, to form a shade-tolerant layer of the community.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the root-promoting microbial agent is selected from at least two of Frankiaspp., Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus intraradices and Laccaria bicolor.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, which fills the research gap on the method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, fully considers the importance of native plants in the land part of the urban wetland in the process of plant configuration, and obtains a reference system native plant community suitable for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island by using an improved AHP-entropy weight method to evaluate the naturalness; a number of square sample grids are set in each of the reference system native plant communities, and the sample grids with a height exceeding 100 are marked. The types of woody plants over 1.5 m, their diameter at breast height and their coordinate position information in the sample grid are marked, and based on the marked information, the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession climax species in each sample grid are divided; the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession climax species are planted in the target area of ​​the near-natural vegetation landscape construction by adopting a planting method of different species, different diameters at breast height and synchronous stratification, which artificially promotes the process of plant community succession; the self-renewal and self-sustaining capabilities of the plant community under this layout pattern are enhanced, and the biodiversity is higher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The relevant steps of a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island of the present application are shown;

[0023] Figure 2 The effect of creating a near-natural vegetation landscape on the Cherry River Ecological Island in Example 1 of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 The diagram shows the effect of creating a near-natural vegetation landscape in the Wenzhou Sanyang Wetland Ecological Island in Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods. However, the following examples are only simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, wherein the city is a city in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step S1: Select several plant communities in the target area for near-natural vegetation landscape construction and its surrounding areas, and use the improved AHP-entropy weight method to evaluate the naturalness, so as to obtain the reference system native plant communities suitable for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape of the urban wetland ecological island;

[0028] Step S2: setting a number of square sample grids in each of the native plant communities of the reference system, and marking the species, DBH and coordinate position information of the woody plants with a height of more than 1.5 m in each of the sample grids, and dividing the climax pioneer species, successional species and climax species in each of the sample grids based on the marked information;

[0029] Step S3: adopting a planting method of heterogeneous species, different breast diameter grades and synchronous layered mixed planting to plant the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape, wherein before planting, the succession sequence species and succession apex species are dipped in a slurry made of a mixture of root-promoting microbial agents and water.

[0030] It should be noted that in step S1, the improved AHP-entropy weight method is to combine the 1-9 scaling method, e 0 / 4 ~e 8 / 4The scaling method and the entropy weight method are combined to construct an evaluation system for quantitatively evaluating naturalness with combined weight values, including four aspects: species composition of plant communities, community structure characteristics, plant community vitality and disturbance degree, all of which can be objectively quantified and measured. Among them, the species composition of plant communities involves richness index, evergreen-deciduous ratio, and natural composition coefficient; community structure characteristics involve tree density, tree diameter dispersion, and average breast diameter of population; plant community vitality involves the number of natural regeneration seedlings, tree layer canopy density, shrub layer canopy density, and community stability; the disturbance degree involves the proportion of invasive plants and human disturbance. The actual survey and measurement values ​​are used for assignment evaluation, and the naturalness values ​​of various indicators are calculated. Each indicator is standardized and converted into data in the [0,1] interval, and the scores are accumulated and standardized again. The grades are divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ according to the percentage, with a total of 4 levels. Branches with a percentage greater than or equal to 75% are considered level Ⅰ, greater than or equal to 50% are considered level Ⅱ, greater than or equal to 25% are considered level Ⅲ, and the rest are level Ⅳ.

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, 10-15 plant communities are selected in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape and its surrounding areas.

[0032] Preferably, in step S2, 3 to 5 square sample grids are set in each of the reference system native plant communities, and the side length of the square sample grid is not less than 10 m.

[0033] Preferably, in step S2, the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species are divided according to the frequency curve of diameter at breast height, the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the apex pioneer species is unimodal, with only a few large-diameter individuals (above 20 cm) and deciduous broad-leaved tree species with a lifespan of more than 100 years, lacking subsequent renewal individuals of small diameter (0-5 cm), and the population is in a declining trend; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession sequence species is discontinuous, with a large number of individuals, the population structure presents several single peaks, with a large number of subsequent renewal individuals of small diameter, and the population shows an obvious growth trend; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession apex species is an inverse J-shaped continuous distribution of diameter at breast height, showing a large peak of small diameter and a small peak of large diameter, and the population is a mature and stable type; the horizontal axis of the frequency curve of diameter at breast height is the diameter at breast height, and the horizontal axis is in units of 5 cm.

[0034] It should be noted that in step S2, the frequency distribution method of diameter at breast height is adopted, which can clearly reflect the age distribution and ecological niche of woody plant populations at different succession stages, thereby effectively identifying the ecological role and succession stage of each woody plant species in the community. Compared with other methods, the frequency distribution of diameter at breast height provides more intuitive quantitative structure information, which can accurately identify the rapid growth characteristics of pioneer species, the continuous renewal trend of succession sequence species and the stable characteristics of succession climax species. In addition, this method relies entirely on survey data measured on site, reduces the influence of subjective evaluation and judgment, and enhances scientificity and accuracy.

[0035] Preferably, in step S2, the apical pioneer species are selected from at least two of the group consisting of Hackberry, Quercus acutissima, Liquidambar formosana, Ziziphus jujuba, Pistacia chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer truncatum, Ulmus pumila, Acer palmatum, Echinops truncatula, Pyrus nobilis, Chinaberry, Dalbergia paniculata, and Mulberry.

[0036] Preferably, in step S2, the succession sequence species are selected from at least three of Phoebe chekiangensis, Phoebe rubrum, Schima superba, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus sinensis, Elaeocarpus elaeocarpus, Ilex versicolor, Ligustrum lucidum, Myrica rubra, Cistanche deserticola, Photinia fraseri, Loropetalum chinensis, Bauhinia chinensis, Prunus armeniaca, and Flos Lonicerae.

[0037] Preferably, in step S2, the successional climax species are selected from at least two of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fargesii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cinnamomum camphora, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Castanopsis carlesii, Ficus microcarpa, Camellia japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Alum, Holly, Elaeagnus chinensis, and Osmanthus fragrans.

[0038] Preferably, in step S3, the apical pioneer species are randomly planted at a density of 1 to 1.5 plants per square meter, with 1 to 3 tree species, a breast diameter of 3 to 5 cm, and a seedling height of 2 to 4 m, to form a shade wood layer on the upper layer of the community; the successional sequence species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 1 to 1.5 m; the successional apex species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 0.5 to 1 m, to form a shade-tolerant layer of the community.

[0039] It should be noted that the rapid recovery of near-natural zonal vegetation is achieved by adopting a mixed planting method of different species, different diameters and simultaneous stratification. At the same time, the main constituent species of zonal vegetation with different succession sequences, age structures and large and small diameters are constructed into near-natural plant communities to achieve a near-natural vegetation landscape of upper deciduous and lower evergreen in the urban wetland ecological island in the Yangtze River Delta. The tree species used are within the range of efficient seedling planting and rapid post-planting recovery. The constructed community structure is perfect, resulting in a high seedling survival rate, good community stability and a strong appreciation of the vegetation landscape. It is a very effective method for constructing a near-natural urban wetland ecological island landscape. Compared with the forest community types created by traditional greening forestry with single tree species, monotonous layers and poor stability, the present invention uses all seedlings and saplings of native tree species that have been developed to a certain scale, with a high survival rate and high resilience in the same year. The window period of 3 to 5 seedling acclimatization periods of large-scale seedlings (diameter at breast height of more than 10 cm) can be used, and the vegetation resilience and degree of recovery can catch up with the landscape effect of large-scale seedlings. 10-15 years after planting, the vegetation restoration effect of the urban wetland ecological island created by the present invention is equivalent to that of large-scale seedlings, and the total recovery time is equivalent or even shorter.

[0040] Preferably, in step S3, the root-promoting microbial agent is selected from at least two of Frankiaspp., Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus intraradices and Laccaria bicolor.

[0041] It should be noted that in the process of vegetation restoration, the microorganisms used in the inoculants play an important role by improving soil conditions, promoting plant growth and balancing the ecosystem. Radiorhizobium radiorhizobium symbiotically integrates with the roots of non-leguminous plants through nitrogen fixation, improving the nitrogen supply in poor soils. Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus phosphate solubilizing improve the availability of soil phosphorus and promote plant growth through phosphate solubilization. Marine Bacillus has disease resistance, helping plants enhance disease resistance and adaptability. Bacillus thuringiensis, as a biological control agent, reduces the use of chemical pesticides by controlling pests. Paenibacillus gelatinosa can not only fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorus, but also secrete bioactive substances to enhance plant stress resistance. Bacillus subtilis promotes plant growth by inhibiting pathogens and secreting plant hormones. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as Echinops glomerulosa symbiotically integrate with plant roots, improving plant absorption of water and phosphorus and enhancing stress resistance; while Armillaria milky white cap forms a symbiotic relationship with trees, improving nutrient absorption and enhancing drought and disease resistance. The application of these microorganisms not only improves soil fertility and plant growth rate, but also helps to establish a more stable plant-microorganism ecosystem, providing a solid foundation for long-term vegetation restoration.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Construction of near-natural vegetation landscape in Cherry River Ecological Island, Minhang District, Shanghai

[0044] The Cherry River Ecological Island in Minhang, Shanghai is located in the Minhang campus of East China Normal University. It is surrounded by the intersection of Xinglin East Road, Xinglin West Road and the Buyun Bridge section of Cherry River. It includes a triangular area of ​​8,847 square meters and a narrow island of 3,534 square meters. When reconstructing near-natural vegetation, 10 typical plant community plots were selected from the natural vegetation preserved in Dajinshan Island and Sheshan Remnant Hill around Shanghai, and 2 were selected on the Cherry River Ecological Island as controls. The improved AHP-entropy weight naturalness evaluation method of this patent was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the naturalness of the selected plant communities. According to the percentage division level judgment, the level is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, a total of 4 levels. If the scores are consistent, the evaluation content with the same score is close to the upper or lower position, and the closer level is selected. The branches greater than or equal to 75% are considered as level Ⅰ, greater than or equal to 50% are considered as level Ⅱ, greater than or equal to 25% are considered as level Ⅲ, and the rest are level Ⅳ. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1. Naturalness evaluation results of typical plant communities in Cherry River Ecological Island and its surrounding areas

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] In sample plots 1, 6, 7, and 8, the population diameter class frequency distribution method of this patent was used to select climax pioneer species, succession sequence species, and succession climax species. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2. Recommended species for restoration of near-natural communities in Cherry River Ecological Island

[0050] Top adaptability Recommended species Succession pioneer species Liquidambar formosana, chinaberry, koelreuteria paniculata, hackberry, coral hackberry Succession sequence species Red nan, Zhoushan new wood ginger, ligustrum lucidum, cassia wood, mosquito tree Succession climax species Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis microphylla, Cinnamomum camphora, Holly, Elaeagnus

[0051] Sample plots 11 and 12 were restored using the patented mixed planting method of heterogeneous species, different diameter grades, and simultaneous stratification. Construction of a natural plant community complex structure: The upper layer randomly plants saplings of the above five deciduous broad-leaved tree species at a density of 1-1.5 plants per square meter to form a shade wood layer in the upper layer of the community, with a breast diameter of 2 to 3 cm and a height of 1.5 to 3 meters; the lower layer randomly mixes and densely plants five succession sequence species and succession climax species at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter to form a shade-tolerant plant layer in the lower layer of the community, with a seedling height of 0.5 to 1.5 meters; after planting, water thoroughly to establish roots. Cover the soil surface with crop straw or other greening plant organic mulch, and carry out appropriate reinforcement and protection to prevent soil drying and weed growth. After three years of growth, when the lower layer tree species of the community have reached a certain scale, the successional pioneer species and successional sequence species are appropriately thinned out, and the density of the main tree species is adjusted to reduce the competitive pressure between tree species at different levels and within the same level of the plant community.

[0052] Effect of this embodiment: Two years, ten years, and fifteen years after construction, the naturalness evaluation index of the sample plot was re-evaluated with reference to the initial typical plant community evaluation of this example. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0053] Table 3. Evaluation results of naturalness of plant communities at different restoration stages in Cherry River Ecological Island

[0054]

[0055] Ecological aspects: see Figure 2After two years of restoration, the score of plot 11 changed from IV to III, and the near-natural evaluation value of the plant community in plot 12 also increased. The deciduous trees of the two plots grew rapidly, with the maximum height reaching more than 5m, and the maximum height of the evergreen broad-leaved trees was about 3m. The relative height growth of the main target tree species was more than 45%. The canopy density reached 70%, and the forest was basically closed. After 15 years of growth, the score of plot 11 was upgraded from II, and that of plot 12 was also upgraded to III. The height of deciduous trees in the plots can reach 12-15m, and the diameter at breast height ranges from 20-35cm. The height of evergreen trees in the succession sequence species and climax species reaches over 10m, and the diameter at breast height reaches 15-25cm, making it an ecological island with lush trees and a good environment, and attracting more than 90 species of birds to make their homes and rest here. The stability of the plant community has been greatly improved, and the succession time from secondary bare land to evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest has been shortened from at least 50 years to about 15, greatly shortening the vegetation succession process.

[0056] Economic aspect: According to cost accounting, the total cost of planting trees per hectare and maintaining them for two years is 200,000 yuan per hectare. Compared with the cost of planting trees in the same type of green forest in Shanghai, which is 520,000 yuan per hectare, the cost of the present invention is only about 40% of the conventional afforestation. Therefore, the construction cost of the ecological island near-natural plant landscape construction method of the present invention is significantly reduced.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Construction of near-natural vegetation landscape in Sanyang Wetland Ecological Island, Wenzhou

[0059] San'an Wetland Park is located in the central part of Wenzhou, with Ouhai Avenue in the north, Nantang Avenue in the west, Zhongxing Avenue in the east, and Daluo Mountain across the highway in the south. 14 typical forest belts in the park were selected for comprehensive evaluation of naturalness using the patented improved AHP-entropy weight naturalness evaluation method. According to the percentage division, the levels are divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, a total of 4 levels. If the scores are consistent, see whether the evaluation content with the same score is close to the upper or lower position, and choose the closer level. Branches greater than or equal to 75% are considered as level Ⅰ, greater than or equal to 50% are considered as level Ⅱ, greater than or equal to 25% are considered as level Ⅲ, and the rest are level Ⅳ. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0060] Table 4. Evaluation results of plant communities of different vegetation types in Sanyang Wetland

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] In plots 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 10, the apex pioneer species, succession sequence species, and succession apex species were selected using the patented population DBH frequency distribution method, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0064] Table 5. Recommended zonal species for the near-natural community of Sanyang Wetland

[0065] Top adaptability Recommended species Succession pioneer species Sophora japonica, Hackberry, Koelreuteria paniculata, Liquidambar formosana, Pistacia chinensis Succession sequence species Bayberry, monkey joy, osmanthus, durian, heather, Bauhinia, loblolly, horse silver flower, safflower Succession climax species Castanopsis sclerophylla, camphor, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, sessile fig, Elaeagnus oleraceus, camellia, gardenia

[0066] Ecological aspect: Sample plots 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14 were restored using the patented heterogeneous-different-diameter-contemporaneous stratified mixed planting method. Construction of a natural plant community complex structure: Native trees are planted as community-building species, and tree layer species of different heights are set. Saplings of three succession pioneer species are randomly planted at a density of 1 to 1.5 plants per square meter. Pioneer tree species include Koelreuteria paniculata, Liquidambar formosana, and Hackberry. At a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, randomly mixed dense succession sequence species and climax species are planted, including Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis sclerotium, Ligustrum lucidum, Cyperus chinensis, Jasmine sambac, and Loropetalum chinensis, as the shade-tolerant layer of the lower layer of the community, to construct a heterogeneous-different-diameter stratified mixed structure to promote the community succession process while increasing the seasonal layer. It is expected that the plant landscape effect after 15 years will be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, a heterogeneous and different-diameter multi-layer structure is formed with mixed evergreen and deciduous leaves.

[0067] Economic aspect: After the near-natural vegetation landscape of Sanyang Wetland Park was constructed through this patent, the total cost of planting trees per hectare and maintaining them for two years was 160,000 yuan / hectare after cost accounting. Compared with the cost of planting trees in the same type of green forest in Wenzhou, which is 400,000 yuan / hectare, the cost of this invention is only 40% of the conventional greening. Therefore, the construction cost is significantly reduced by using the near-natural plant landscape construction method of this invention.

[0068] The applicant declares that the above is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island, characterized in that: The city is a city in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the construction method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Select several plant communities in the target area for near-natural vegetation landscape construction and its surrounding areas, and use the improved AHP-entropy weight method to evaluate the naturalness, so as to obtain the reference system native plant communities suitable for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape of the urban wetland ecological island; Step S2: setting a number of square sample grids in each of the native plant communities of the reference system, and marking the species, diameter at breast height, and coordinate position information of the woody plants with a height of more than 1.5 m in each of the sample grids, and dividing the climax pioneer species, succession sequence species, and succession climax species in each of the sample grids based on the marked information; Step S3: adopting a planting method of heterogeneous species, different breast diameter grades and synchronous layered mixed planting to plant the apical pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape, wherein before planting, the succession sequence species and succession apex species are dipped in a slurry made of a mixture of root-promoting microbial agents and water.

2. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, 10-15 plant communities are selected in the target area for constructing the near-natural vegetation landscape and its surrounding area.

3. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, 3-5 square sample grids are set in each of the reference system native plant communities, and the side length of the square sample grid is not less than 10m.

4. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the apex pioneer species, succession sequence species and succession apex species are divided according to the frequency curve of diameter at breast height, the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the apex pioneer species is a single peak type, and the single peak type corresponds to the small diameter at breast height; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession sequence species is a discontinuous multiple single peak type, and the several single peak types are concentrated in the medium diameter at breast height; the frequency curve of diameter at breast height of the succession apex species is an inverse J-shaped continuous distribution, showing a large peak of small diameter at breast height and a small peak of large diameter at breast height; the horizontal axis of the frequency curve of diameter at breast height is the diameter at breast height, and the horizontal axis takes 5 cm as a unit.

5. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 4, characterized in that: The small breast diameter grade size range is less than 5 cm, the medium breast diameter grade size range is less than 5 cm-20 cm, and the large breast diameter grade size range is greater than 20 cm.

6. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the apical pioneer species are selected from at least two of the group consisting of Hackberry, Quercus acutissima, Liquidambar formosana, Ziziphus jujuba, Pistacia chinensis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Acer truncatum, Ulmus pumila, Acer palmatum, Echinops truncatula, Pyrus nobilis, Chinaberry, Dalbergia paniculata, and Mulberry.

7. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the succession sequence species are selected from at least three of Phoebe chekiangensis, Phoebe rubrum, Schima superba, Osmanthus dasyphylla, Osmanthus fragrans, Elaeocarpus chinensis, Ilex versicolor, Ligustrum lucidum, Myrica rubra, Cistanche deserticola, Photinia fraseri, Loropetalum chinensis, Bauhinia chinensis, Prunus mume, and Cyperus rotundus.

8. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the successional climax species are selected from at least two of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fargesii, Cyclobalanopsis microphylla, Cinnamomum camphora, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Castanopsis carlesii, Ficus microcarpa, Camellia japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Alum, Holly, Elaeagnus chinensis, and Osmanthus fragrans.

9. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the apical pioneer species are randomly planted at a density of 1 to 1.5 plants per square meter, with 1 to 3 tree species, a breast diameter of 3 to 5 cm, and a seedling height of 2 to 4 m, to form a shade tree layer on the upper layer of the community; the succession sequence species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 1 to 1.5 m; the succession apex species are densely planted in clusters at a density of 2 to 3 plants per square meter, with 3 to 5 tree species and a seedling height of 0.5 to 1 m, to form a shade-tolerant layer of the community.

10. The method for constructing a near-natural vegetation landscape of an urban wetland ecological island according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the root-promoting microbial agent is selected from at least two of Frankia spp., Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus velezensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus intraradices and Laccaria bicolor.

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