Photovoltaic module broken glass recovery processing equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses photovoltaic module broken glass recovery processing equipment and method. The recovery processing equipment is used for firstly dismantling a frame, a wire box and a cable on a photovoltaic module to obtain a frameless photovoltaic module; grinding and removing a fluorine-containing back plate on the rear side of the frameless photovoltaic module to obtain a laminated part; stripping and sorting the obtained laminated piece to obtain a pure broken glass product, an EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) battery layer and glass containing EVA impurities; cutting the EVA battery layer into small pieces; carrying out pyrolysis on the EVA battery layer in the small piece state and the glass containing the EVA impurities, and removing the organic matter glue layer to obtain a mixture of the glass, the welding strip and the silicon battery piece; and sorting the mixture into a plurality of different states, and sorting the mixture in different states to obtain pure glass, a welding strip and a silicon battery piece. According to the photovoltaic module broken glass recovery method provided by the invention, the loss of each material of the module in the recovery process is relatively low, valuable materials are fully recycled, and the recovery period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module recycling, and in particular to a photovoltaic module broken glass recycling processing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are devices that can convert solar energy into electrical energy, including packaging materials (frames, junction boxes, cables) and laminates stacked from bottom to top (backplane or glass substrate, organic adhesive layer, cell layer, organic adhesive layer, glass substrate). Except for the organic adhesive layer, most of the components such as silicon, aluminum, silver and glass in the packaging materials and laminates can be recycled and reused.

[0003] When recycling photovoltaic modules, physical separation is often used. The aluminum frame, glass and junction box in the photovoltaic modules are manually disassembled to obtain frameless photovoltaic modules. For photovoltaic frameless modules, one method is to use an incinerator to burn the crushed photovoltaic modules, so as to separate and recycle the cells, glass and welding strips. The products obtained are crushed glass and broken cells. When this method is used, it is difficult to screen and separate the broken glass and broken cells. There is a large loss of materials during separation, and the valuable materials cannot be fully recycled. At the same time, the incinerator burns the crushed photovoltaic modules in a dusty environment. Another method is to place the crushed photovoltaic modules in a container containing an inorganic acid or organic acid solution to dissolve the organic adhesive film in the photovoltaic modules, so as to separate the cells from the glass. When this method is used, the recycling cycle is long, which takes more than one week, and it is difficult to treat the waste liquid in the later stage.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new recycling method to provide automated technical support for the separation and recycling of component glass in the photovoltaic component recycling industry, so as to improve the recycling speed and recycling rate of component glass in photovoltaic component recycling. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module broken glass recycling device and method to solve the problem of how to improve the recycling speed and recycling rate of photovoltaic module glass in the existing photovoltaic module recycling process.

[0006] The present invention first provides a photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing device, comprising:

[0007] A front-end preprocessing unit, which is used to remove frames, wire boxes and cables in photovoltaic modules;

[0008] A back sheet removal unit, the back sheet removal unit is used to remove the fluorine-containing back sheet in the photovoltaic module;

[0009] A broken glass separation unit, the broken glass separation unit comprising a third feeding and conveying platform and a feeding roller, a glass stripping roller, a preheating mechanism and a thickness measuring mechanism connected to the third feeding and conveying platform;

[0010] A pre-crushing unit, the pre-crushing unit comprising a fourth feed conveying platform and a vertical wheeled cutter, an auxiliary guide mechanism and a transverse cutting cutter connected to the fourth feed conveying platform;

[0011] A pyrolysis unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit is used to pyrolyze the photovoltaic module;

[0012] The sorting unit comprises an intermediate conveying mechanism and a particle sorting mechanism and an optical sorting mechanism connected to the intermediate conveying mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, the front-end preprocessing unit includes a first feed conveying platform and a first short frame removal mechanism, a long frame removal mechanism, a wire box removal mechanism, and a second short frame removal mechanism connected to the first feed conveying platform in sequence, and a visual recognition mechanism is also connected to the first feed conveying platform.

[0014] Preferably, the back plate removal unit comprises a second feed conveying platform, a second discharge conveying platform and a back plate removal mechanism, and the back plate removal mechanism is connected between the second feed conveying platform and the second discharge conveying platform.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules, using the above-mentioned equipment for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules, and the method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules comprises the following steps:

[0016] S10. Remove the frames, wire boxes and cables on the photovoltaic modules;

[0017] S20, grinding and removing the rear fluorine-containing backsheet of the photovoltaic module obtained in step S10 to obtain a laminate;

[0018] S30, peeling and sorting the obtained laminate to obtain pure broken glass products, EVA battery layers and glass containing EVA impurities;

[0019] S40, cutting the EVA battery layer in step S30 into small pieces;

[0020] S50, pyrolyzing the EVA battery layer in a small piece state and the glass containing EVA impurities to remove the organic glue layer to obtain a mixture of glass, solder ribbon and silicon battery sheet;

[0021] S60, sorting the mixture in step S50 into several different states, sorting the mixture in different states to obtain pure glass, solder strips and silicon cells.

[0022] Preferably, the broken glass separation unit in step S30 is capable of peeling off and sorting out more than 70% of the broken glass on the laminate.

[0023] Preferably, in the step S30, the laminate is preheated before separation, and the heating temperature of the preheating treatment is 40°C to 200°C.

[0024] Preferably, when the laminate is separated in step S30, the thickness measuring mechanism can detect the thickness of the laminate, and the recycling equipment controls the feeding roller and the glass stripping roller to adaptively adjust the distance between the two rollers based on the detection information.

[0025] Preferably, in step S60, the particle sorting mechanism sorts the mixture into the following four states: the first is a mixture including particles larger than 6 mm, the second is a mixture of particles of 0.83 mm to 6 mm, the third is a powdered silicon wafer glass mixture of 0.15 mm to 0.83 mm, and the fourth is a powder loss of less than 0.15 mm.

[0026] Preferably, the photovoltaic module broken glass recycling method is capable of processing photovoltaic modules with a width of less than 1200 mm, unlimited length, and a thickness of 0 mm to 10 mm.

[0027] The present invention provides a photovoltaic module broken glass recycling processing equipment and method, the broken photovoltaic module is subjected to cable, junction box and aluminum frame removal to obtain a frameless photovoltaic module, and then the back plate of the frameless photovoltaic module is first removed, and then the photovoltaic module after the back plate is removed is subjected to glass separation, so that part of the pure broken glass and EVA battery layer and glass containing EVA impurities can be obtained, and the EVA battery layer and the glass containing EVA impurities are subjected to the next step of crushing treatment and then thermally decomposed to obtain a glass, silicon and welding strip mixture, and the welding strip in the mixture is sorted out by screening, and the glass and silicon battery in the mixture are sorted out by color sorting. Compared with the existing incinerator for incinerating and crushing photovoltaic modules and inorganic acid or organic acid solution for dissolving photovoltaic modules, the present invention provides a processing method for glass recycling of broken photovoltaic modules, which can provide automated technical support for the separation and recycling of module glass in the photovoltaic module recycling industry, improve the recycling speed and recycling rate of module glass in photovoltaic module recycling, and the whole process has low pollution to the environment, and the material loss of the module in the separation is low, so that the valuable materials can be fully recycled and the whole recycling cycle is short. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "top surface", "bottom surface", "inside", "outside", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If the terms "first", "second", "third" are described, they are only used for the purpose of description and distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0034] See also Figure 2 A photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing equipment includes: a front-end pre-processing unit 1, a backboard removal unit 2, a broken glass separation unit 3, a pre-crushing unit 4, a pyrolysis unit and a sorting unit 5.

[0035] It should be understood that the present invention is mainly aimed at recycling broken photovoltaic modules, but the equipment and method provided by the present invention can also be used for relatively complete photovoltaic modules.

[0036] Among them, the front-end pre-processing unit 1 is used to remove the frame, wire box and cables on the photovoltaic module. The backboard removal unit 2 is used to remove the fluorine-containing backboard in the photovoltaic module. The broken glass separation unit 3 is used to separate the broken glass on the photovoltaic module. The pre-crushing unit 4 is used to crush the glass on the photovoltaic module, making the subsequent recycling of the glass more convenient. The pyrolysis unit is used to pyrolyze the photovoltaic module, pyrolyze the photovoltaic module that has been crushed, remove the organic glue layer, and make the subsequent separation smoother. The sorting unit 5 finally sorts the glass, silicon cell and welding strip in the photovoltaic module.

[0037] The broken glass separation unit 3 includes a third feeding and conveying platform 31, and a feeding roller 33, a glass stripping roller 35, a preheating mechanism 34 and a thickness measuring mechanism 32 connected to the third feeding and conveying platform. The third feeding and conveying platform is connected to the back plate removal unit, and the thickness measuring mechanism 32 can measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module entering the broken glass separation unit. The thickness measuring mechanism 32 detects the thickness of the photovoltaic module and controls the feeding roller 33 and the glass stripping roller 35 to adjust the distance between the two rollers adaptively, or automatically selects or manually adjusts according to the module conditions to meet the glass separation requirements of the modules in different states.

[0038] Among them, pre-heating treatment is required during the separation process. The heating method is non-contact infrared heating or other heating methods. The heating temperature is 40℃~200℃. Different temperatures can be selected or heating can be cancelled according to the situation of the components to ensure that the organic glue layer of components in different batches is fully softened to prepare for glass separation.

[0039] The pre-crushing unit 4 includes a fourth feeding and conveying platform 41 , and a vertical wheeled cutter 42 , an auxiliary guiding mechanism 43 , and a transverse cutting cutter 44 connected to the fourth feeding and conveying platform.

[0040] The intervals of the vertical wheel cutters 42 in the pre-crushing unit can be adjusted according to demand, with a minimum interval of 20 mm, and the transverse cutting cutters 44 can be adjusted by coordinating the conveying speed and the cutting speed to obtain small laminated pieces of different sizes.

[0041] The sorting unit 5 includes an intermediate conveying mechanism 53 and a particle sorting mechanism 52 and an optical sorting mechanism 51 connected to the intermediate conveying mechanism.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the front-end pre-processing unit 1 includes a first feeding and conveying platform 11, and a first short frame removal mechanism 12, a long frame removal mechanism 13, a wire box removal mechanism 15, and a second short frame removal mechanism sequentially connected to the first feeding and conveying platform 11, and a visual recognition mechanism 14 is also connected to the first feeding and conveying platform. The first short frame removal mechanism and the second short frame removal mechanism are the same mechanism.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the backboard removal unit 2 includes a second feed conveying platform 21 , a second discharge conveying platform 23 and a backboard removal mechanism 22 , and the backboard removal mechanism 22 is connected between the second feed conveying platform 21 and the second discharge conveying platform 23 .

[0044] See also Figure 1 This embodiment also provides a method for recycling and treating broken glass of photovoltaic modules, using the above-mentioned equipment for recycling and treating broken glass of photovoltaic modules, and the method for recycling and treating broken glass of photovoltaic modules comprises the following steps:

[0045] S10. Remove the frames, wire boxes and cables from the photovoltaic modules.

[0046] In a specific implementation scheme, the broken photovoltaic components are first loaded through the first feeding and conveying platform 11, and then the position and size status of the cables, wire boxes, and frames are confirmed by using the visual recognition mechanism 14, and they are accurately removed by using the short frame removal mechanism 12, the long frame removal mechanism 13, and the wire box removal mechanism 15 respectively.

[0047] S20, grinding and removing the rear fluorine-containing back sheet of the photovoltaic module obtained in step S10 to obtain a laminate.

[0048] In a specific implementation scheme, the fluorine-containing backboard is then ground and removed by entering the backboard removal mechanism 22 through the feed conveying platform 21, and the photovoltaic assembly containing broken glass with the frame and backboard removed, i.e. the laminate, is conveyed to the third feed conveying platform 31 of the broken glass separation unit 3 by the discharge conveying platform 23.

[0049] S30, peeling and sorting the obtained laminate to obtain pure broken glass products, EVA battery layers and glass containing EVA impurities.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, the broken glass separation unit can peel off and sort out more than 70% of the broken glass on the laminate, and then sort out some pure broken glass products, EVA battery layers and glass containing EVA impurities.

[0051] In a specific implementation manner, the laminate is preheated before separation, and the heating temperature of the preheating treatment is 40°C to 200°C.

[0052] In a specific implementation scheme, when separating the laminate, the thickness measuring mechanism can detect the thickness of the laminate, and the recycling and processing equipment controls the feed roller and the glass stripping roller to adaptively adjust the distance between the two rollers based on the detection information.

[0053] In a specific implementation scheme, the thickness of the component can be detected by the thickness measuring mechanism 32 set on the third feeding and conveying platform, and the double rollers can be controlled to adaptively adjust the distance between the double rollers. The thickness adjustment is set to 0mm~10mm on the equipment, and different thicknesses can be automatically selected or manually adjusted according to the component conditions. At the same time, adaptive adjustments can be made through corresponding mechanisms and detection devices during the component glass separation process to meet the glass separation requirements of components in different states.

[0054] S40, cutting the EVA battery layer in step S30 into small pieces.

[0055] In a specific implementation scheme, the interval of the vertical wheel cutters 42 in the pre-crushing unit 4 can be adjusted according to demand, with a minimum interval of 20 mm, and the transverse cutting cutters 44 can be adjusted by coordinating the conveying speed and the cutting speed to obtain small laminates of different sizes.

[0056] S50, the EVA battery layer in a small piece state and the glass containing EVA impurities are pyrolyzed to remove the organic glue layer to obtain a mixture of glass, solder ribbon and silicon battery sheet.

[0057] S60, sorting the mixture in step S50 into several different states, sorting the mixture in different states to obtain pure glass, solder strips and silicon cells.

[0058] In a specific implementation scheme, the particle sorting mechanism sorts the mixture into the following four states: the first is a mixture including particles larger than 6 mm, the second is a mixture of particles of 0.83 mm to 6 mm, the third is a powdered silicon wafer glass mixture of 0.15 mm to 0.83 mm, and the fourth is a powder loss of less than 0.15 mm.

[0059] In a specific implementation scheme, the optical sorting mechanism 51 can accurately and quickly sort out the pure glass in the mixture, and remove the solder strips, silicon wafers and other materials to ensure the recycling of pure glass. The removed solder strips and silicon wafers are also pure solder strips and silicon wafers respectively.

[0060] In a specific implementation scheme, the photovoltaic module broken glass recycling method can process photovoltaic modules with a width of less than 1200 mm, unlimited length, and a thickness of 0 mm to 10 mm. In summary, the present invention provides.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the recycling of broken photovoltaic modules in the present invention mainly includes front-end pretreatment process, backboard removal process, broken glass separation process, pre-crushing process, pre-crushing process and sorting process. The front-end pretreatment process is used for visual identification of broken modules, cable, junction box and aluminum frame removal. The backboard removal process can remove the fluorine-containing backboard of the broken module. The broken glass separation process is used to separate more than 70% of the broken glass of the module, and obtain pure glass products, EVA battery layer and glass containing EVA impurities through sorting. The pre-crushing process will remove more than 70% of the broken glass. Cut the EVA battery layer into small pieces, and the thermal decomposition process will perform high-temperature pyrolysis on the small EVA battery layer to obtain a mixture of glass, silicon and welding strips. The sorting process selects the welding strips in the mixture by screening, and selects the glass and silicon cells in the mixture by color sorting. The glass recycling method of broken photovoltaic modules in the present invention is different from the existing one, which can make the loss of each material of the module in the recycling process lower, realize the full recycling of valuable materials, and shorten the recycling cycle.

[0062] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing equipment, characterized in that: include: A front-end preprocessing unit, which is used to remove frames, wire boxes and cables in photovoltaic modules; A back sheet removal unit, the back sheet removal unit is used to remove the fluorine-containing back sheet in the photovoltaic module; A broken glass separation unit, the broken glass separation unit comprising a third feeding and conveying platform and a feeding roller, a glass stripping roller, a preheating mechanism and a thickness measuring mechanism connected to the third feeding and conveying platform; A pre-crushing unit, the pre-crushing unit comprising a fourth feed conveying platform and a vertical wheeled cutter, an auxiliary guide mechanism and a transverse cutting cutter connected to the fourth feed conveying platform; A pyrolysis unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit is used to pyrolyze the photovoltaic module; The sorting unit comprises an intermediate conveying mechanism and a particle sorting mechanism and an optical sorting mechanism connected to the intermediate conveying mechanism.

2. The photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front-end preprocessing unit includes a first feeding and conveying platform and a first short frame removal mechanism, a long frame removal mechanism, a wire box removal mechanism, and a second short frame removal mechanism connected to the first feeding and conveying platform in sequence. A visual recognition mechanism is also connected to the first feeding and conveying platform.

3. The photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The back plate removal unit comprises a second feeding conveying platform, a second discharging conveying platform and a back plate removal mechanism, wherein the back plate removal mechanism is connected between the second feeding conveying platform and the second discharging conveying platform.

4. A method for recycling broken glass from photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, and the photovoltaic module broken glass recycling and processing method comprises the following steps: S10. Remove the frames, wire boxes and cables on the photovoltaic modules; S20, grinding and removing the rear fluorine-containing backsheet of the photovoltaic module obtained in step S10 to obtain a laminate; S30, peeling and sorting the obtained laminate to obtain pure broken glass products, EVA battery layers and glass containing EVA impurities; S40, cutting the EVA battery layer in step S30 into small pieces; S50, pyrolyzing the EVA battery layer in a small piece state and the glass containing EVA impurities to remove the organic glue layer to obtain a mixture of glass, solder ribbon and silicon battery sheet; S60, sorting the mixture in step S50 into several different states, sorting the mixture in different states to obtain pure glass, solder strips and silicon cells.

5. A method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S30, the broken glass separation unit can peel off and sort out more than 70% of the broken glass on the laminate.

6. A method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S30, the laminate is preheated before separation, and the preheating temperature is 40°C to 200°C.

7. A method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the laminate is separated in step S30, the thickness measuring mechanism can detect the thickness of the laminate, and the recycling equipment controls the feeding roller and the glass stripping roller to adaptively adjust the distance between the two rollers based on the detection information.

8. A method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S60, the particle sorting mechanism sorts the mixture into the following four states: the first is a mixture including particles larger than 6 mm, the second is a mixture of particles between 0.83 mm and 6 mm, the third is a powdered silicon wafer glass mixture between 0.15 mm and 0.83 mm, and the fourth is a powder loss less than 0.15 mm.

9. A method for recycling broken glass of photovoltaic modules according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module broken glass recycling method can process photovoltaic modules with a width of less than 1200 mm, an unlimited length, and a thickness of 0 mm to 10 mm.

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