A shock wave fluctuation pressure measuring device and a measuring method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of shock wave fluctuation pressure measuring device and measurement method, setting laser emits initial light beam, two laser interferometers are used to generate two groups of interference signals respectively, interference signal one is obtained by the interference of initial light beam and the light beam reflected by test field, interference signal two is obtained by the interference of initial light beam and the light beam refracted by test field, information acquisition processing system acquires and processes two groups of interference signals, detects test field medium density and shock wave flow velocity, and calculates to obtain shock wave fluctuation pressure.The shock wave fluctuation pressure measuring device and measurement method of the present application make full use of the advantage of optical detection non-contact measurement, do not form interference to shock wave, and it is a breakthrough in the principle of shock wave fluctuation pressure detection.The present application also has the advantages of high measurement precision and being suitable for multi-environment measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion field testing technology, and in particular to an impact wave pressure measuring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The shock waves generated after the explosion of weapons and ammunition on the ground and in the air are one of the main factors causing damage and destruction to targets. The destructive effect of the shock wave depends primarily on the magnitude of overpressure and dynamic pressure, as well as the duration of its impact. Dynamic pressure refers to the impact pressure generated by the high-speed airflow within the shock wave in its direction of motion. It manifests as the impact of high-speed airflow on the target, causing deformation, translation, tumbling, and being thrown. Derailment, tumbling, and collision with the ground caused by dynamic pressure are the fundamental causes of target destruction.

[0003] The assessment of shock wave effects requires shock wave dynamic pressure measurement. Currently, the main methods for shock wave dynamic pressure measurement are the total pressure-static method, the drag force method, and the passive testing method. The total pressure-static method involves arranging a free-field pressure sensor parallel to the shock wave direction. A total pressure inlet is located at the tip of the probe facing the shock wave, and a static pressure inlet is located on the side of the probe. An internal sensing element measures the total pressure (Pt) and static pressure (Ps) respectively. Finally, the dynamic pressure q = Pt - Ps is obtained by subtracting the static pressure from the total pressure. The drag force method requires extensive wind tunnel experiments to calibrate the target's drag coefficient (Cd), and then uses the drag force Fd, the target's effective force-bearing area A, and the drag coefficient Cd to invert the dynamic pressure q = Fd / (ACd). The passive testing method measures the dynamic pressure impulse, requiring wind tunnel experiments to calibrate the relationship between deformation and dynamic pressure impulse. The latter two methods require wind tunnel measurements, are complex and costly, and are not direct measurements. The total pressure static pressure method involves placing the device in the shock wave flow field, which is a contact measurement and will interfere with the shock wave flow field. Secondly, the accuracy of mechanical measurement is not high. Furthermore, mechanical measurement has poor reliability in special environments with high temperature and high pressure, and cannot be applied to a variety of application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings or deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a brand-new shock wave pressure testing device and method. The new measurement scheme makes full use of the advantages of optical measurement to achieve non-contact high-precision measurement.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention has the following structure:

[0006] The shock wave pressure measurement method includes: S1: A laser interferometer receives the initial beam emitted by a laser as a reference arm and another beam reflected from the test field as a sensing arm. The two beams generate interference signal one. The information acquisition and processing system detects interference signal one to obtain the optical frequency shift and calculates the shock wave velocity based on the optical frequency shift; S2: A laser interferometer receives the initial beam as a reference arm and another beam refracted through the test field as a sensing arm. The two beams generate interference signal two. The information acquisition and processing system detects the intensity of interference signal two, as well as the intensity of the reference arm and the sensing arm, and calculates the density of the test field medium based on the intensity; S3: Substituting the shock wave velocity obtained in S1 and the test field density obtained in S2 into the following formula, the shock wave pressure is calculated. Where q represents the shock wave pressure, ρ represents the density of the test field medium, and u represents the shock wave velocity.

[0007] Specifically, in step S1, the optical frequency shift is substituted into the following formula to calculate the shock wave velocity. Where u represents the shock wave velocity, Δf represents the optical frequency shift of the interference signal, λ0 represents the center wavelength of the initial beam emitted by the laser, and α represents the angle between the direction of the beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow.

[0008] In step S2, the calculation of the density of the test field medium based on the light intensity is divided into two steps:

[0009] S2.1 Calculate the refractive index of the test field using the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system and the following formula.

[0010]

[0011] Where I′ represents the light intensity of the interference signal, I1′ represents the light intensity of the second reference arm of the laser interferometer, I2′ represents the light intensity of the second sensing arm of the laser interferometer, λ0 represents the center wavelength of the initial beam emitted by the laser, n1 represents the refractive index of the fiber, n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, L1′ represents the optical path of the reference arm, L2′ represents the optical path of the sensing arm in the fiber, and L′ represents the optical path of the sensing arm in the test field.

[0012] S2.2 Substitute the refractive index of the test field into the following formula to calculate the density of the test field medium. Where n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, K represents the Gladstone-Dale constant, and ρ represents the density of the test field medium.

[0013] In step S1, a telescope system is preferably set up. The telescope system diverges and expands the light in the optical fiber, incident it into the test field, and simultaneously collects the reflected light from the test field, then focuses it back into the optical fiber, and then uses it as a sensing arm to enter the laser interferometer. In step S2, an optical fiber collimator is preferably set up before and after the test field.

[0014] The laser interferometer is either a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a Michelson interferometer.

[0015] The shock wave pressure measurement device includes a laser emitting an initial beam, which is split into three paths by a 1×3 fiber optic coupler. Beam 1 enters fiber optic coupler 1, beam 2 passes through a telescope system and enters the test field, is reflected by the test field, passes through the telescope system again, and enters fiber optic coupler 1, forming interference signal 1. Beam 3 is split into two paths by a 1×2 fiber optic coupler. Beam 3A enters fiber optic coupler 2, and beam 3B is collimated by fiber optic collimator 1 and enters the test field. The refracted beam passes through fiber optic collimator 2 and enters fiber optic coupler 2, forming interference signal 2. The two input ends of fiber optic coupler 2 are connected to 50:50 fiber optic couplers, which are then connected to an information acquisition and processing system via fiber optic cables. The information acquisition and processing system includes an information acquisition unit and a data processing unit.

[0016] Specifically, the information acquisition unit detects the optical frequency shift of interference signal one, the optical intensity of the two input beams of fiber coupler two, and the optical intensity of interference signal two; the data processing unit calculates the shock wave velocity, the refractive index of the test field, and the density of the test field medium based on the detected parameters and formulas, thereby calculating the shock wave pressure.

[0017] Preferably, an optical fiber circulator is installed before the beam enters the telescope system.

[0018] A photodetector is installed between fiber optic coupler 1, fiber optic coupler 2, the two 50:50 fiber optic couplers and the information acquisition and processing system to convert optical signals into electrical signals.

[0019] The fiber optic communication devices in the device are replaced with free-space optical devices, and the light beam propagates through the optical path in free space.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The shock wave pressure measuring device and method acquire, analyze, measure, and calculate the interference signal formed by the beam passing through the test field and the initial beam to obtain the shock wave pressure. It fully utilizes the advantages of non-contact optical detection, causing no interference to the shock wave. Compared with existing technologies that place the device within the shock wave flow field, which introduces interference, this represents a breakthrough in the principle of shock wave pressure detection. The method of this invention also has the advantage of optical measurement accuracy being far superior to mechanical measurement. Furthermore, the optical measurement method of this invention is applicable to multi-environment measurements in special environments such as high pressure and high temperature, exhibiting strong versatility.

[0022] In the measurement device, a combination of fiber optic circulators and telescope systems is used for beam transmission to and from the test field, reducing the number of fiber optic components and simplifying the device structure. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 : A flowchart of the impact wave pressure measurement method of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the impact wave pressure measuring device of the present invention;

[0025] The symbols in the diagram represent the following meanings:

[0026] 10-Laser, 20-1×3 fiber optic coupler, 30-Fiber optic circulator, 40-1×2 fiber optic coupler, 50-Fiber optic coupler I, 51-Photodetector, 60-Fiber optic coupler II, 70-Telescope system, 80-Fiber optic collimator I, 81-Fiber optic collimator II, 90-Information acquisition and processing system, 91-50:50 fiber optic coupler. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that in the description herein, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely simplified descriptions for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not mean that the indicated elements must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0029] The dynamic pressure q of the shock wave generated by the explosion can be characterized by the kinetic energy of the air per unit volume, and the expression is formula (1). In order to measure the shock wave pressure, the present invention sets up a test field at the position to be measured in the forward direction of the shock wave front, and makes the laser beam obliquely incident on the test field in the direction of the shock wave. The medium particles in the test field have a scattering effect on the light, and the beam passing through the test field produces a relative phase shift change, interfering with another beam that has not passed through the test field. By collecting and processing the interference signal, the density of the medium in the test field and the flow velocity of the shock wave are detected and calculated, and the shock wave pressure q is calculated according to formula (1).

[0030] (1)

[0031] Where q is the shock wave pressure, ρ is the gas density behind the shock wave front (i.e., the density of the test field medium in this paper), and u is the air velocity behind the wave front (i.e., the shock wave velocity in this paper).

[0032] This invention utilizes the advantage of laser measurement not interfering with the object being measured to provide a novel method and device for measuring shock wave pressure, which has high measurement accuracy and strong versatility.

[0033] This invention first provides an implementation method for measuring shock wave pressure, the flowchart of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the measurement method includes:

[0034] The S1 laser interferometer receives the initial beam emitted by the laser as a reference arm and receives another beam reflected from the test field as a sensing arm. The two beams generate an interference signal. The information acquisition and processing system detects the interference signal to obtain the optical frequency shift Δf (the difference in optical frequency before and after the optical path enters the test field). The shock wave velocity u is calculated based on Δf.

[0035] Due to the Doppler effect, the scattered signal light carries a frequency shift Δf related to the velocity of the object being measured. When the airflow direction is parallel to the incident direction of the light entering the test field, the shock wave velocity u can be expressed as... When the angle between the direction of the light beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow is α, the component of the shock wave velocity u in the incident direction of the light path is: The above formula is replaced with Then we get formula (2). Therefore, by substituting the optical frequency shift Δf into formula (2), we can find the shock wave velocity u.

[0036] (2)

[0037] Where u is the shock wave velocity, Δf is the optical frequency shift of the interference signal, λ0 is the center wavelength of the initial beam emitted by the laser, and α is the angle (acute angle) between the direction of the beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow.

[0038] The center wavelength of the laser is located in the communication band, and λ0 is preferably 1550 nm.

[0039] Because the telescope system is an integrated optical mirror assembly with both transmitting and receiving functions, it can be used to diverge and expand the light in the optical fiber, directing it into the test field. Simultaneously, it can collect the reflected light from the test field, refocus it into the optical fiber, and then use it as a sensing arm to enter the laser interferometer. This achieves bidirectional light transmission using a single optical element.

[0040] The S2 laser interferometer receives the initial beam emitted by the laser as a reference arm and receives another beam refracted through the test field as a sensing arm. The two beams generate an interference signal II. The information acquisition and processing system detects the light intensity I′ of the interference signal II, as well as the light intensity I1′ of the reference arm and the light intensity I2′ of the sensing arm. Based on I′, I1′, and I2′, the density ρ of the medium in the test field is calculated.

[0041] Fiber optic collimators enable light to be coupled into the test field with maximum efficiency. After refraction in the test field, using fiber optic collimators enables the optical signal to be received with maximum efficiency. Therefore, as an implementation method, one fiber optic collimator can be set up before and after the test field.

[0042] The calculation of the test field medium density ρ based on I′, I1′, and I2′ is performed in two steps:

[0043] S2.1 Calculate the refractive index n2 of the test field based on I′, I1′, and I2′. The light intensity I′ of the interference signal 2 can be expressed by the interference principle as formula (3). The optical paths L1′, L2′, and L′ are calculated based on the actual optical path. The refractive index n1 of the optical fiber is 1.5, and λ0 is a set parameter. Substitute the I′, I1′, I2′ and other parameters detected by the information acquisition and processing system into formula (3) to calculate the refractive index n2 of the test field.

[0044] (3)

[0045] Wherein, I′ - intensity of the interference signal, I1′ - intensity of the second reference arm of the laser interferometer, I2′ - intensity of the second sensing arm of the laser interferometer, λ0 - center wavelength of the initial beam emitted by the laser, n1 - refractive index of the fiber, n2 - refractive index of the test field, L1′ - optical path length of the reference arm, L2′ - optical path length of the sensing arm in the fiber, and L′ - optical path length of the sensing arm in the test field.

[0046] S2.2 Calculate the density ρ of the test field medium based on n2. Since the density ρ of the test field and the refractive index n2 satisfy the Gladstone-Dale relationship, i.e., formula (4), the density ρ of the test field medium is calculated by substituting n2 into the formula.

[0047] (4)

[0048] Where n2 is the refractive index of the test field, K is the Gladstone–Dale constant, taken as 287.05 J / (kg·K), and ρ is the density of the test field medium.

[0049] The S3 information acquisition and processing system calculates the impact wave pressure q.

[0050] Substituting the shock wave velocity u obtained from S1 and the test field density ρ obtained from S2 into formula (1), the shock wave pressure q is calculated.

[0051] To facilitate detection, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector and transmitted to the information acquisition and processing system.

[0052] The laser interferometer described in the above embodiments can be a laser fiber optic interferometer, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, in which the light beam propagates through an optical fiber. Alternatively, a free-space optical device, such as a Michelson interferometer, can be used, in which the light beam propagates through an optical path in free space.

[0053] Based on the above-mentioned principle of impact wave pressure measurement, the present invention also provides an embodiment of the impact wave pressure measuring device.

[0054] refer to Figure 2 The shock wave pressure measurement device includes a laser 10 that emits an initial beam. The initial beam is split into three paths by a 1×3 fiber optic coupler 20. Beam one enters fiber optic coupler 50, beam two enters the test field after passing through a telescope system 70, is reflected by the test field, passes through the telescope system 70 again, and enters fiber optic coupler 50. The two beams form an interference signal. Because the telescope system 70 is an integrated transceiver optical mirror structure, it is used here to achieve bidirectional light transmission. A fiber optic circulator 30 is set before the beam enters the telescope system 70. The fiber optic circulator 30 has three ports. The beam can enter from port 1, exit from port 2, and enter the telescope system 70. The beam returning from the telescope system 70 can enter from port 2, exit from port 3, and then enter the fiber optic coupler 50. This reduces the number of fiber optic components and simplifies the structure of the device.

[0055] The initial beam of beam three is split into two paths by a 1×2 fiber coupler 40. Beam three A enters fiber coupler two 60, while beam three B is collimated by fiber collimator one 80 before entering the test field. The refracted beam passes through fiber collimator two 81 and enters fiber coupler two 60. The two beams form interference signal two. The fiber collimator enables the light to be coupled into the test field with maximum efficiency. After refraction in the test field, the fiber collimator ensures that the optical signal is received with maximum efficiency. Installing fiber collimators before and after the test field improves the system's detection accuracy.

[0056] Because calculating the impact surge pressure requires measuring the light intensity of the beam at the input end of fiber optic coupler 260, 50:50 fiber optic couplers 91 are connected to the two input ends of fiber optic coupler 260, and the 50:50 fiber optic couplers 91 are optically connected to the information acquisition and processing system 90. The power ratio of the two output ends of the 50:50 fiber optic coupler 91 is 50:50. Therefore, the power of the beam split from the fiber by the 50:50 fiber optic coupler 91 is equal to the power of the beam entering fiber optic coupler 260, and the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system 90 is equal to the light intensity of the beam entering fiber optic coupler 260.

[0057] The information acquisition and processing system 90 includes an information acquisition unit and a data processing unit. The information acquisition unit acquires the signals of interference signal one and interference signal two, such as detecting the optical frequency shift Δf of interference signal one, the optical intensity of the two input beams of fiber coupler two 60, and the optical intensity of interference signal two. The data processing unit calculates the impact wave pressure q based on the detected parameters and formulas.

[0058] The specific calculation method of the data processing unit is as follows: Substitute the optical frequency shift Δf into formula (2) to calculate the shock wave velocity u. Substitute the measured interference signal intensity I′ and the light intensities I1′ and I2′ of the two input beams of fiber coupler 60 into formula (3) to calculate the refractive index n2 of the test field. In this embodiment, L1′ in formula (3) refers to the optical path from the input end 1 of 1×3 fiber coupler 20 to the output end 1 of 1×2 fiber coupler 40 to the input end 1 of fiber coupler 60, L2′ refers to the optical path from the input end 1 of 1×3 fiber coupler 20 to the output end 2 of 1×2 fiber coupler 40 to fiber collimator 80, and from fiber collimator 81 to the input end 2 of fiber coupler 60; L′ refers to the optical path from fiber collimator 80 to the test field to fiber collimator 81. Then substitute n2 into formula (4) to calculate the medium density ρ of the test field. Finally, the shock wave velocity u and the test field density ρ are substituted into formula (1) to calculate the shock wave pressure q.

[0059] A photodetector 51 is installed between the first fiber coupler 50, the second fiber coupler 60, the two 50:50 fiber couplers 91 and the information acquisition and processing system 90 to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and send it to the information acquisition and processing system 90. The information acquisition and processing system 90 performs frequency analysis to measure the optical frequency shift; and converts the photoelectric gain into a light intensity signal to measure the light intensity.

[0060] Fiber optic coupler 50 and fiber optic coupler 60 can use a 2×2 fiber optic coupler, which is connected to photodetector 51.

[0061] The medium in the test field can be air or aerosol.

[0062] In the previous embodiments, all optical elements were fiber optic communication devices, and adjacent devices were connected by optical fibers. This device can also use free-space optical devices, where the light beam does not need to propagate through optical fibers, but propagates through an optical path in free space.

[0063] When the shock wave pressure measuring device is working, beam one directly enters input terminal 1 of the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 50, and beam two passes through fiber optic circulator 30 (entering from port 1 and exiting from port 2) and telescope system 70 before entering the test field. Figure 2The first beam enters the test field at an angle, is reflected by particles in the test field medium, returns to the telescope system 70, and then passes through the fiber optic circulator 30 (port 2 in, port 3 out) to the input 2 of the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 50. The two beams generate interference signal one at the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 50. The second beam is split into two paths after passing through the 1×2 fiber optic coupler 40. Beam three A enters the input 1 of the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 2, while beam three B is collimated by the fiber optic collimator 80 and enters the test field. The refracted beams in the test field pass through the fiber optic collimator 81 and are transmitted to the input 2 of the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 2. The two beams generate interference signal two at the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 2. One beam from the input of the 2×2 fiber optic coupler 2 enters the coupler, and the other enters the 50:50 fiber optic coupler 91. Interference signals one and two, and the beam from the output of the 50:50 fiber optic coupler 91, are converted into electrical signals by the photodetector 51 and transmitted to the information acquisition and processing system 90. The information acquisition and processing system 90 receives and processes electrical signals, calculates and outputs the impact fluctuation pressure value.

[0064] The shock wave pressure measuring device and method of this invention collect, analyze, measure, and calculate the interference signal formed by the beam passing through the test field and the initial beam to obtain the shock wave pressure. It fully utilizes the advantages of non-contact optical detection, causing no interference to the shock wave. Compared with existing technologies that place the device within the shock wave flow field, which introduces interference, this represents a breakthrough in the principle of shock wave pressure detection. The method of this invention also has the advantage that optical measurement accuracy is far superior to mechanical measurement. The optical measurement method of this invention is applicable to multi-environment measurements in special environments such as high pressure and high temperature, exhibiting strong versatility.

[0065] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention and should be covered within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A method of measuring pressure fluctuations in a shock wave, characterized by, The measurement method comprises: S1: the laser interferometer receives the initial light beam emitted by the laser as a reference arm, the telescope system diverges and expands the light in the optical fiber, a test field is arranged at the to-be-measured position in the advancing direction of the shock wave wave front, the laser light beam is obliquely incident on the test field in the direction of the shock wave, the reflected light of the test field is collected, and then focused into the optical fiber and enters the laser interferometer one again as a sensing arm, two light beams generate an interference signal one, and an information acquisition and processing system detects the optical frequency shift of the interference signal one to obtain the shock wave flow velocity; S2: the laser interferometer two receives the initial light beam as a reference arm, and receives another light beam refracted by the test field as a sensing arm, two light beams generate an interference signal two, and the information acquisition and processing system detects the light intensity of the interference signal two, the light intensity of the reference arm and the light intensity of the sensing arm, and calculates the medium density of the test field according to the light intensity; S3: Substitute the shock wave flow velocity obtained in S1 and the test field density obtained in S2 into the following formula to calculate the shock wave dynamic pressure, wherein q represents the shock wave dynamic pressure, p represents the test field medium density, and u represents the shock wave flow velocity. The laser interferometer one and the laser interferometer two are both Michelson interferometers or Mach-Zehnder interferometers.

2. The shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1, characterized by, The shock wave velocity is calculated by substituting the optical frequency shift in S1 into the following equation, where u represents the shock wave velocity, Δf represents the optical frequency shift of the interference signal, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, and a represents the included angle between the direction of the light beam entering the test field and the direction of the shock wave flow.

3. The shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, In step S2, the medium density of the test field is calculated according to the light intensity in two steps: S2.1: the refractive index of the test field is calculated by using the light intensity detected by the information acquisition and processing system and the following formula, ； Wherein, I' represents the light intensity of the interference signal, I1' represents the light intensity of the reference arm of the laser interferometer two, I2' represents the light intensity of the sensing arm of the laser interferometer two, λ0 represents the central wavelength of the initial light beam emitted by the laser, n1 represents the refractive index of the optical fiber, n2 represents the refractive index of the test field, L1' represents the optical path of the reference arm, L2' represents the optical path of the sensing arm in the optical fiber, and L' represents the optical path of the sensing arm in the test field; S2.2 Calculate the test chamber medium density by substituting the refractive index of the test chamber into the following equation, where n2 represents the refractive index of the test chamber, K represents the Gladstone-Dale constant, and p represents the test chamber medium density.

4. The shock wave pressure measurement method according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S2, an optical fiber collimator is arranged in front of and behind the test field.

5. Shock wave fluctuation pressure measuring device characterized by, The laser (10) emits an initial light beam, the initial light beam is divided into three paths through a 1*3 optical fiber coupler (20), light beam one enters an optical fiber coupler one (50), and light beam two enters an optical fiber ring (30), the optical fiber ring (30) has three ports, light beam enters from port 1, exits from port 2, enters a telescope system (70), a test field is arranged at the to-be-measured position in the advancing direction of the shock wave wave front, the laser light beam is obliquely incident on the test field in the direction of the shock wave, and after being reflected by the test field, the light beam passes through the telescope system (70) again, the light beam returned from the telescope system (70) enters the optical fiber ring (30) from port 2 and exits from port 3, enters the optical fiber coupler one (50), and two light beams form an interference signal one; Light beam three is divided into two paths through a 1*2 optical fiber coupler (40), light beam three A enters an optical fiber coupler two (60), and light beam three B enters the test field after being collimated by an optical fiber collimator one (80), the refracted light beam enters the optical fiber coupler two (60) through an optical fiber collimator two (81), and two light beams form an interference signal two; Two input ends of the optical fiber coupler two (60) are connected with 50:50 optical fiber couplers (91) respectively, the 50:50 optical fiber couplers (91) are connected with an information acquisition and processing system (90) through optical fibers; The information acquisition and processing system (90) comprises an information acquisition unit and a data processing unit; The information acquisition unit detects the light frequency shift of the interference signal one, the light intensity of the two input beams of the second fiber coupler (60) and the light intensity of the interference signal two; The data processing unit calculates the shock wave flow velocity, the refractive index of the test field and the medium density of the test field according to the detected parameters and formulas, thereby calculating the shock wave dynamic pressure.

6. The shock wave pressure measurement device of claim 5, wherein, An optoelectronic detector (51) is arranged between the first fiber coupler (50), the second fiber coupler (60), the two 50:50 fiber couplers (91) and the information acquisition and processing system (90) respectively, so as to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.

7. The shock wave pressure measurement device of claim 5, wherein, The optical fiber communication device in the device is replaced by a free space optical device, and the light beam propagates in free space through an optical path.

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