Tailing deposition test device and method capable of realizing temperature cycle control

Abstract

The invention provides a tailing deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control. The tailing deposition test device comprises a deposition model box, a discharging system, a temperature control system and a monitoring system, the sedimentary model box comprises a box body and an initial dam body model; the discharging system is used for conveying tailing slurry into the sedimentary model box; the temperature control system comprises a temperature control box; the monitoring system comprises a suspended matter concentration meter, a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, a pore pressure sensor, a particle image velocimeter, a high-speed camera and a data acquisition instrument. The invention further provides a tailing deposition test method capable of achieving temperature cycle control, and the tailing deposition test device capable of achieving temperature cycle control is adopted. The device solves the problem of a research device for the deposition consolidation characteristics of the tailing pond in the cold region under the action of freeze-thaw cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering experiments, and in particular relates to a tailings deposition test device and method capable of realizing temperature cycle control. Background Art

[0002] Freeze-thaw cycles are a key factor affecting the safety of projects in seasonally frozen areas. In my country's Lesser Khingan Mountains, mineral resources are abundant, and a large amount of metal mineral resources are being mined and processed. A large amount of waste slag produced in the process is usually stored in tailings ponds. Unlike conventional tailings ponds, cold-region tailings ponds experience freeze-thaw cycles caused by significant changes in external temperature during the sedimentation and consolidation process, thus exhibiting complex mechanical behaviors, which pose challenges to the service performance and safety and stability of tailings ponds.

[0003] The tailings deposition model test is an effective method to study the deposition and consolidation characteristics of tailings. By designing a model box with a real-time monitoring system, the tailings slurry is discharged into the model box in layers, and the solid particles therein are deposited and consolidated under the action of their own weight to simulate the layered ore discharge, deposition, and consolidation process in the actual tailings pond project. The monitoring system in the model box can reflect the multi-directional deposition characteristics of the tailings, the sorting characteristics of the sediment particles, the distribution of the infiltration lines in the accumulation body, etc., as well as the influence of various factors on the deposition and consolidation characteristics, such as the ore discharge concentration, the ore discharge speed, and the solid particle morphology.

[0004] However, most of the current tailings deposition model tests are carried out at room temperature, and the designed test equipment does not include a temperature control module, making it impossible to explore the deposition and consolidation characteristics of tailings ponds in cold regions under the action of freeze-thaw cycles. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tailings deposition test device and method that can realize temperature cycle control, so as to solve the problem that the existing tailings deposition model test device proposed in the background technology cannot meet the needs of exploring the deposition and consolidation characteristics of tailings ponds in cold regions under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, thereby providing a means for studying the damming and stability of tailings ponds in cold regions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control, comprising a deposition model box, a discharge system, a temperature control system and a monitoring system;

[0007] The deposition model box includes a box body and an initial dam body model 104; the box body is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the initial dam body model 104 is cast and arranged on one side of the box body;

[0008] The box body includes a box body steel frame and a transparent organic glass panel 101; the bottom of the box body steel frame is a rectangular steel plate, and the four sides and the top of the box body steel frame are closed by the organic glass panel;

[0009] The discharge system is used to transport tailings slurry into the sedimentation model box. The discharge system includes a storage tank 501 and a discharge pipe 502. One end of the discharge pipe 502 is connected to the storage tank 501, and the other end of the discharge pipe 502 is connected to the sedimentation model box.

[0010] The temperature control system includes a temperature control box arranged outside the deposition model box; the temperature control box is connected to the deposition model box through a pipeline, and the temperature control box adjusts the temperature inside the deposition model box by providing cold air or hot air;

[0011] The monitoring system includes a suspended matter concentration meter, a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, a pore pressure sensor, a particle image velocimeter, a high-speed camera and a data acquisition instrument;

[0012] The suspended matter concentration meter and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor are both arranged on the inner side wall of the sedimentation model box; the pore pressure sensor is arranged on the bottom and side wall of the sedimentation model box; the particle image velocimeter is arranged above the sedimentation model box; the high-speed camera is arranged outside the sedimentation model box, and the high-speed camera is used to accurately capture the movement process of tailings particles in the sedimentation model box;

[0013] The suspended matter concentration meter, distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, pore pressure sensor, particle image velocimeter and high-speed camera are all connected to the data acquisition instrument by wired or wireless means to realize data acquisition; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is also connected to the temperature control box, thereby cooperating with the temperature control system to realize precise temperature control inside the deposition model box.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the box steel frame is welded by a rectangular steel plate, two rectangular steel frames and four vertical steel columns. The rectangular steel plate is arranged at the bottom, a rectangular steel frame is welded on the rectangular steel plate, and the two rectangular steel frames are connected by welding four vertical steel columns arranged at four corners.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the contacting plexiglass panels and the plexiglass panels and the steel frame of the box are bonded and connected by glass glue; a discharge hole matching the discharge pipe 502 is also provided on the plexiglass panel on the top surface of the box, so as to facilitate the connection of the discharge pipe for discharge; a reference line is drawn on the plexiglass panel on the side of the box to facilitate subsequent photography and monitoring; a transparent heat-insulating film is affixed to the inner side of the plexiglass panel.

[0016] In a specific implementation, the longitudinal section of the initial dam body model 104 is a right-angled trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the height of the initial dam body model 104 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the box body height, which is convenient for subsequent multi-layer ore drawing.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the deposition model box also includes a drain pipe, which is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the box body, and one end of the drain pipe passes through the plexiglass panel and is connected to the outside; the drain pipe and the plexiglass panel are bonded by glass glue; and a valve is arranged on the outer section of the drain pipe.

[0018] In a specific embodiment, the tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control also includes a portable gantry crane, two legs of the portable gantry crane are arranged on the outside of the deposition model box, the load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane is arranged directly above the deposition model box, a fixed claw is arranged on the load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane, and the particle image velocimeter is fixedly installed on the fixed claw.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the particle image velocimeter is a 3D PIV system that can be used for two-phase flow.

[0020] In a specific embodiment, the discharge system further includes a discharge pump, and during discharge, the discharge pump is used to pump the tailings slurry in the storage tank 501 into the sedimentation model box through the discharge pipe 502 .

[0021] The present invention also provides a tailings deposition test method capable of realizing temperature cycle control, which adopts the tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control as described above;

[0022] The specific steps include:

[0023] Step 1: Conduct on-site investigation to obtain temperature information and tailings slurry information of the tailings pond in the target seasonal frozen soil area;

[0024] Step 2: placing the tailings slurry obtained by on-site sampling in a storage tank;

[0025] Step 3: pouring and curing concrete in the sedimentation model box to form an initial dam model;

[0026] Step 4, setting monitoring elements, including setting a pore pressure sensor, a suspended matter concentration meter and a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor in the deposition model box, setting a high-speed camera outside the deposition model box, and setting a particle image velocimeter just above the deposition model box;

[0027] Step 5: Cover the top of the deposition model box with a transparent heat-insulating plexiglass panel;

[0028] Step 6: Open the temperature control box 201, deliver cold air or hot air into the deposition model box, and adjust the internal temperature of the deposition model box to the initial temperature;

[0029] Step 7: transport the tailings slurry in the storage tank 501 to the deposition model box to simulate the deposition and consolidation process of tailings sand; simultaneously start the data acquisition instrument 406, the high-speed camera 401 and the particle image velocimeter 402 to record the changes in pore pressure, temperature and particle concentration during the deposition and consolidation process, and obtain the three-dimensional velocity field and displacement field of the tailings deposition process;

[0030] Step 8: Lower the temperature in the deposition model box within a certain period of time through the temperature control box 201 to simulate the effect of the freezing process on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand, and keep the monitoring system running and record data;

[0031] Step 9: Raise the temperature in the deposition model box within a certain period of time through the temperature control box 201 to simulate the effect of ice melting on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand, and keep the monitoring system running and record data;

[0032] Step 10, repeating steps 8 and 9 to simulate the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand;

[0033] Step 11: When the number of repetitions of step 8 and step 9 reaches the target number of the proposed test plan, terminate the test; copy the data of the entire freeze-thaw cycle process recorded by the data acquisition instrument for subsequent analysis.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, in step 1, the temperature information of the target seasonal frozen soil area tailings pond includes the annual temperature change curve of the target seasonal frozen soil area tailings pond; the tailings slurry information includes the tailings particle grading characteristics and particle concentration of the tailings slurry at the specific location of the on-site tailings pond where the model test is to be carried out;

[0035] In the step 5, after the organic glass panel on the top of the deposition model box is covered, glass glue is used to glue the gaps at the edges of the organic glass panel.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention solves the problem that the existing tailings deposition model test device cannot meet the needs of exploring the sedimentation and consolidation characteristics of tailings ponds in cold regions under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, thereby providing a means for studying the damming and stability of tailings ponds in cold regions. At the same time, the test device is simple to use, easy to implement, and the entire test process is intuitively visible.

[0038] The present invention can effectively improve the problem that the existing device cannot simulate the temperature change during the tailings sand deposition and consolidation process. Through the temperature control system and the closed and heat-insulated deposition model box, combined with the monitoring system including displacement, velocity, pore pressure, particle concentration, temperature and other data acquisition, the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle on the tailings deposition and consolidation process can be simulated. It is of great significance for the safety of tailings sand discharge in seasonal frozen soil areas.

[0039] The device and test method of the present invention can effectively observe the particle movement and particle collision process during the ore depositing process, as well as the horizontal and vertical particle sorting characteristics after the deposition caused by the collision; then, the pore water pressure changes during the consolidation and drainage process can be effectively monitored. On this basis, the influence of the concentration of ore depositing particles, the ore depositing method, and the freeze-thaw cycle on the particle sorting characteristics of tailings deposition can be explored, and their further influence on the consolidation and drainage process.

[0040] Relying on the device and test method of the present invention, a better graded ore discharge method suitable for tailings ponds in cold regions can be sought, such as dynamically adjusting the concentration of ore discharge particles according to temperature changes, adding particle separation equipment such as cyclones at the ore discharge point, etc., so that the particle sorting characteristics of the tailings pond after deposition under the action of freeze-thaw cycles are better, thereby making the consolidation and drainage process more efficient and the tailings pond after consolidation more stable.

[0041] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention is further described in detail below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a deposition model box of the present invention in a top view;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the arrangement of sensors on the rear inner wall of a deposition model box according to the present invention.

[0046] Among them, 101, plexiglass panel; 102, square steel; 103, angle steel; 104, initial dam model; 105, drainage pipe; 201, temperature control box; 202, air duct; 203, air duct connection hole; 401, high-speed camera; 402, particle image velocimeter; 403, pore pressure sensor; 404, suspended matter concentration meter; 405, distributed optical fiber temperature sensor; 406, data acquisition instrument; 501, storage tank; 502, discharge pipe; 503, control valve; 601, portable gantry crane; 602, fixed claw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] This embodiment provides a tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control, including a deposition model box, a discharge system, a temperature control system and a monitoring system; and can simulate the stratified deposition and consolidation process of tailings in seasonally frozen areas under the action of freeze-thaw cycles.

[0050] The deposition model box includes a box body and an initial dam body model 104; the box body is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the initial dam body model 104 is cast and arranged on one side of the box body;

[0051] The box body includes a box body steel frame and a transparent organic glass panel 101; the bottom of the box body steel frame is a rectangular steel plate, and the four sides and the top of the box body steel frame are closed by the organic glass panel;

[0052] The discharge system is used to transport tailings slurry into the sedimentation model box. The discharge system includes a storage tank 501 and a discharge pipe 502. One end of the discharge pipe 502 is connected to the storage tank 501, and the other end of the discharge pipe 502 is connected to the sedimentation model box.

[0053] The temperature control system includes a temperature control box 201 arranged outside the deposition model box; the temperature control box 201 is connected to the deposition model box through two air ducts 202, and the temperature control box adjusts the temperature in the deposition model box by providing cold air or hot air; two air duct connection holes 203 corresponding to the air ducts are opened on the organic glass panel 101 on the corresponding side of the temperature control box to facilitate the access of the ducts. During the temperature cycle, the temperature of the cold and hot air delivered by the temperature control box is adjusted in combination with the current temperature data monitored by the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 405. One of the two air ducts is for air supply and the other is for air return.

[0054] The monitoring system includes a suspended matter concentration meter 404, a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 405, a pore pressure sensor 403, a particle image velocimeter 402, a high-speed camera 401 and a data acquisition instrument 406; the data acquisition instrument 406 is an automatic data acquisition instrument.

[0055] The suspended matter concentration meter 404 and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 405 are both arranged on the inner wall of the sedimentation model box. The suspended matter concentration meter 404 is used to monitor the concentration of tailings particles at the location where the suspended matter concentration meter is installed during the ore depositing process. The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 405 is used to monitor the temperature field inside the sedimentation model box under temperature cycling, thereby assisting the temperature control system in regulating the temperature inside the sedimentation model box.

[0056] The pore pressure sensors 403 are arranged at the bottom and side walls of the sedimentation model box, and are used to monitor the pore water pressure at the bottom and side walls of the sedimentation model box, respectively.

[0057] The particle image velocimeter 402 is arranged above the deposition model box, and is used to obtain the three-dimensional displacement field and velocity field of the tailings particle deposition.

[0058] The high-speed camera 401 is arranged 1 to 2 meters outside the sedimentation model box to ensure a suitable shooting range and a shallow depth of field. The high-speed camera is used to accurately capture the movement process of tailing particles in the sedimentation model box.

[0059] The suspended matter concentration meter, distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, pore pressure sensor, particle image velocimeter and high-speed camera are all connected to the data acquisition instrument by wired or wireless means to realize data acquisition; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor is also connected to the temperature control box, thereby cooperating with the temperature control system to realize precise temperature control inside the deposition model box.

[0060] The box steel frame is welded by a rectangular steel plate, two rectangular steel frames and four vertical steel columns. The rectangular steel plate is arranged at the bottom, a rectangular steel frame is welded on the rectangular steel plate, and the two rectangular steel frames are connected by welding four vertical steel columns arranged at four corners. The rectangular steel frame is welded by square steel 102. The vertical steel columns are preferably angle steel 103. The box steel frame is used to fix the organic glass panel 101 and limit the deformation of the model box caused by the deposition of tailings slurry.

[0061] The contacting plexiglass panels and the plexiglass panels and the steel frame of the box are bonded and connected by glass glue; a discharge hole matching the discharge pipe 502 is also provided on the plexiglass panel on the top surface of the box, so as to facilitate the connection of the discharge pipe for discharge; a reference line is drawn on the plexiglass panel on the side of the box to facilitate subsequent photo monitoring and subsequent correction of tailings sand deposition deformation; a transparent heat-insulating film is affixed to the inner side of the plexiglass panel, which can reduce the heat exchange between the inside and outside of the deposition model box and ensure the accuracy of temperature control.

[0062] The longitudinal section of the initial dam body model 104 is a right-angled trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the height of the initial dam body model 104 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the height of the box body, which is convenient for subsequent multi-layer ore drawing.

[0063] The deposition model box also includes a drain pipe, which is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the box body, and one end of the drain pipe passes through the organic glass panel and is connected to the outside; the drain pipe and the organic glass panel are bonded by glass glue; and a valve is arranged on the outer section of the drain pipe.

[0064] The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control also includes a portable gantry crane, two legs of the portable gantry crane are arranged on the outside of the deposition model box, a load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane is arranged directly above the deposition model box, a fixing claw is arranged on the load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane, and a particle image velocimeter is fixedly installed on the fixing claw.

[0065] The particle image velocimeter is a 3D PIV system that can be used for two-phase flow.

[0066] The discharge system also includes a discharge pump, which pumps the tailings slurry in the storage tank 501 to the sedimentation model box through the discharge pipe 502. The tailings slurry stored in the storage tank 501 is pumped into the discharge pipe 502, and a control valve 503 is provided on the discharge pipe to control the discharge speed.

[0067] The present invention also provides a tailings deposition test method capable of realizing temperature cycle control, which adopts the tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control as described above;

[0068] The specific steps include:

[0069] Step 1: Conduct on-site investigation to obtain temperature information and tailings slurry information of the tailings pond in the target seasonally frozen soil area;

[0070] Step 2: placing the tailings slurry obtained by on-site sampling in a storage tank;

[0071] Step 3, pouring and curing concrete in the deposition model box to form an initial dam model; the initial dam model 104 is formed by pouring and curing concrete, and the curing time is 27 days. After the initial dam model 104 is cured and demolded, several drain pipes 105 are laid on the front of the deposition model box. First, a hole is opened in the organic glass panel on one side of the drain pipe 105, and then the drain pipe 105 is connected, and the opening is sealed with glass glue to ensure that water is discharged from the drain pipe 105. The other side of the drain pipe 105 is directly bonded to the organic glass panel with glass glue. In addition, a valve is set on the part of the drain pipe 105 extending out of one side of the deposition model box to control the drainage conditions.

[0072] Step 4: Setting monitoring elements, including setting a pore pressure sensor, a suspended matter concentration meter and a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor in the sedimentation model box.

[0073] Several pore pressure sensors 403 are arranged at the bottom and side walls of the sedimentation model box. The pore pressure sensors 403 at the bottom of the sedimentation model box are arranged in the horizontal direction to monitor the pore water pressure distributed in the horizontal direction at the bottom of the sedimentation model box. At the same time, multiple pore pressure sensors 403 are arranged vertically on the organic glass panel 101 at the rear side of the model box to monitor the pore water pressure in the vertical direction.

[0074] On the organic glass panel 101 at the rear side of the deposition model box, multiple suspended matter concentration meters 404 are distributed in the vertical direction to monitor the particle concentration of the tailings slurry at different heights during the deposition process. Distributed optical fiber temperature sensors 405 are placed at intervals in the horizontal and vertical directions to monitor the temperature field inside the deposition model box under temperature cycling.

[0075] The pore pressure sensor 403, the suspended matter concentration meter 404, and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 405 are all connected to the automatic data acquisition device 406 to achieve accurate data acquisition.

[0076] A plurality of high-speed cameras 401 supported by a tripod are placed outside the deposition model box at a certain distance from the front and right organic glass panels 101. During the deposition of tailings sand, high frame rate photos are taken from different directions to observe the vertical movement of tailings particles during the deposition of tailings sand.

[0077] A portable gantry crane 601 is installed along the length direction on the outside of the deposition model box to facilitate the installation of monitoring devices on the top of the deposition model box; on the top of the deposition model box, a particle image velocimeter 402 is fixedly installed by a portable gantry crane using a fixed claw 602 to obtain the three-dimensional displacement field and velocity field of tailings particle deposition as a 3D PIV system.

[0078] Step 5: Cover the top of the deposition model box with a transparent heat-insulating plexiglass panel;

[0079] Step 6: Open the temperature control box 201, deliver cold air or hot air into the deposition model box, and adjust the internal temperature of the deposition model box to the initial temperature;

[0080] Step 7: transport the tailings slurry in the storage tank 501 to the deposition model box to simulate the deposition and consolidation process of tailings sand; simultaneously start the data acquisition instrument 406, the high-speed camera 401 and the particle image velocimeter 402 to record the changes in pore pressure, temperature and particle concentration during the deposition and consolidation process, and obtain the three-dimensional velocity field and displacement field of the tailings deposition process;

[0081] Step 8: Lower the temperature in the deposition model box within 12 hours through the temperature control box 201 to simulate the effect of the freezing process on the deposition and consolidation of the tailings sand, and keep the monitoring system running to record the data mentioned in step 7;

[0082] Step 9: Raise the temperature in the deposition model box within 12 hours through the temperature control box 201 to simulate the effect of ice melting on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand, and keep the monitoring system running to record the data mentioned in step 7;

[0083] Step 10: Repeat steps 8 and 9 to simulate the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand.

[0084] Step 11: When the number of repetitions of step 8 and step 9 reaches the target number of the proposed test plan, the test is terminated. The data of the entire freeze-thaw cycle recorded by the data acquisition device 406 is copied for subsequent analysis.

[0085] In step 1, the temperature information of the tailings pond in the target seasonal frozen soil area includes the temperature change curve of the tailings pond in the target seasonal frozen soil area throughout the year; the tailings slurry information includes the tailings particle grading characteristics and particle concentration of the tailings slurry at a specific location of a field tailings pond where a model test is to be carried out; the specific location is determined based on the actual sampling site where the model test is to be carried out.

[0086] In the step 5, after the organic glass panel on the top of the deposition model box is covered, glass glue is used to glue the gaps at the edges of the organic glass panel.

[0087] This embodiment can effectively improve the problem that the existing device cannot simulate the temperature change during the tailings sand deposition and consolidation process. Through the temperature control system and the closed and insulated deposition model box, combined with the monitoring system including displacement, velocity, pore pressure, particle concentration, temperature and other data acquisition, the influence of the freeze-thaw cycle on the tailings deposition and consolidation process can be simulated. This is of great significance for the safety of tailings sand discharge in seasonal frozen soil areas.

[0088] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control, characterized in that: It includes deposition model box, discharge system, temperature control system and monitoring system; The deposition model box comprises a box body and an initial dam body model (104); the box body is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the initial dam body model (104) is cast and arranged on one side of the box body; The box body comprises a box body steel frame and a transparent organic glass panel (101); the bottom of the box body steel frame is a rectangular steel plate, and the four side surfaces and the top surface of the box body steel frame are all closed by the organic glass panel; The discharge system is used to transport tailings slurry into the sedimentation model box, and the discharge system comprises a storage tank (501) and a discharge pipe (502), one end of the discharge pipe (502) is connected to the storage tank (501), and the other end of the discharge pipe (502) is connected to the sedimentation model box; The temperature control system comprises a temperature control box (201) arranged outside the deposition model box; the temperature control box (201) is connected to the deposition model box through a pipeline, and the temperature control box (201) adjusts the temperature inside the deposition model box by providing cold air or hot air; The monitoring system includes a suspended matter concentration meter (404), a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (405), a pore pressure sensor (403), a particle image velocimeter (402), a high-speed camera (401) and a data acquisition instrument (406); The suspended matter concentration meter (404) and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (405) are both arranged on the inner side wall of the sedimentation model box; the pore pressure sensor (403) is arranged on the bottom and side wall of the sedimentation model box; the particle image velocimeter (402) is arranged above the sedimentation model box; the high-speed camera (401) is arranged outside the sedimentation model box, and the high-speed camera (401) is used to accurately capture the movement process of tailing particles in the sedimentation model box; The suspended matter concentration meter (404), the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (405), the pore pressure sensor (403), the particle image velocimeter (402) and the high-speed camera (401) are all connected to the data acquisition instrument (406) by wired or wireless means to realize data acquisition; the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (405) is also connected to the temperature control box (201), so as to cooperate with the temperature control system to realize accurate temperature control inside the deposition model box.

2. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box steel frame is welded by a rectangular steel plate, two rectangular steel frames and four vertical steel columns. The rectangular steel plate is arranged at the bottom, a rectangular steel frame is welded on the rectangular steel plate, and the two rectangular steel frames are connected by welding four vertical steel columns arranged at four corners.

3. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contacting organic glass panels and the organic glass panels and the steel frame of the box are connected by glass glue; a discharge hole matching the discharge pipe (502) is also arranged on the organic glass panel on the top surface of the box, so as to facilitate the connection of the discharge pipe for discharge; a reference line is drawn on the organic glass panel on the side of the box to facilitate subsequent photography and monitoring; a transparent heat insulation film is attached to the inner side of the organic glass panel.

4. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the initial dam body model (104) is a right-angled trapezoid that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the height of the initial dam body model (104) is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the height of the box body, which is convenient for subsequent multi-layer ore drawing.

5. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deposition model box also includes a drain pipe, which is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the box body, and one end of the drain pipe passes through the organic glass panel and is connected to the outside; the drain pipe and the organic glass panel are bonded by glass glue; and a valve is arranged on the outer section of the drain pipe.

6. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control also includes a portable gantry crane, two legs of the portable gantry crane are arranged on the outside of the deposition model box, a load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane is arranged directly above the deposition model box, a fixing claw is arranged on the load-bearing main beam of the portable gantry crane, and a particle image velocimeter is fixedly installed on the fixing claw.

7. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle image velocimeter is a 3D PIV system that can be used for two-phase flow.

8. The tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge system further comprises a discharge pump, and during discharge, the discharge pump is used to pump the tailing slurry in the storage tank (501) into the sedimentation model box through the discharge pipe (502).

9. A tailings deposition test method capable of realizing temperature cycle control, characterized in that: A tailings deposition test device capable of realizing temperature cycle control as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted; The specific steps include: Step 1: Conduct on-site investigation to obtain temperature information and tailings slurry information of the tailings pond in the target seasonal frozen soil area; Step 2: placing the tailings slurry obtained by on-site sampling in a storage tank; Step 3: pouring and curing concrete in the sedimentation model box to form an initial dam model; Step 4, setting monitoring elements, including setting a pore pressure sensor, a suspended matter concentration meter and a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor in the deposition model box, setting a high-speed camera outside the deposition model box, and setting a particle image velocimeter just above the deposition model box; Step 5: Cover the top of the deposition model box with a transparent heat-insulating plexiglass panel; Step 6: Open the temperature control box (201), deliver cold air or hot air into the deposition model box, and adjust the internal temperature of the deposition model box to the initial temperature; Step 7, conveying the tailings slurry in the storage tank (501) into the deposition model box to simulate the deposition and consolidation process of tailings sand; simultaneously turning on the data acquisition instrument (406), the high-speed camera (401) and the particle image velocimeter (402), recording the changes in pore pressure, temperature and particle concentration during the deposition and consolidation process, and obtaining the three-dimensional velocity field and displacement field of the tailings deposition process; Step 8: lowering the temperature in the deposition model box within a certain period of time through the temperature control box (201) to simulate the effect of the freezing process on the deposition and consolidation of the tailings sand, and keeping the monitoring system running to record data; Step 9: Raise the temperature in the deposition model box within a certain period of time by using the temperature control box (201) to simulate the effect of ice melting on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand, and keep the monitoring system running to record data; Step 10, repeating steps 8 and 9 to simulate the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the deposition and consolidation of tailings sand; Step 11: When the number of repetitions of step 8 and step 9 reaches the target number of the proposed test plan, terminate the test; copy the data of the entire freeze-thaw cycle process recorded by the data acquisition instrument (406) for subsequent analysis.

10. The tailings deposition test method capable of realizing temperature cycle control according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step 1, the temperature information of the target seasonal frozen soil area tailings pond includes the annual temperature change curve of the target seasonal frozen soil area tailings pond; the tailings slurry information includes the tailings particle grading characteristics and particle concentration of the tailings slurry of the on-site tailings pond where the model test is to be carried out; In the step 5, after the organic glass panel on the top of the deposition model box is covered, glass glue is used to glue the gaps at the edges of the organic glass panel.

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