A Source-Reservoir-Transportation Joint Planning Method Considering the Allocation of Carbon Emission Responsibility

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of energy planning, and specifically discloses a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing. The method includes: establishing a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy; based on the two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, establishing a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon emission responsibility sharing; solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing to obtain an optimal joint planning scheme for the system's source-storage-network. According to the principle of "who causes, who bears, who governs, and who benefits", this method scientifically shares carbon emission responsibilities, effectively considers the role of carbon emission responsibilities in the planning process, adds energy storage systems, improves system flexibility, and promotes the consumption of renewable energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy planning, and particularly relates to a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing. Background Art

[0002] To promote the achievement of carbon emission reduction targets and the sustainable development of a low-carbon economy, research on the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities has received extensive attention. Many scholars have focused on studying the optimal operation of a new power system from a "carbon perspective". The literature "Zhou Tianrui, Kang Chongqing, Xu Qianyao, et al. Preliminary study on the theory of carbon emission flow analysis in power systems [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(7): 38-43." and "Zhou Tianrui, Kang Chongqing, Xu Qianyao, et al. Preliminary study on the calculation method of carbon emission flow in power systems [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(11): 44-49." initially constructed the theoretical framework for carbon emission flow analysis in power systems and established the basic calculation method of carbon emission flow in power systems based on the carbon emission flow theory. Most of the previous research on the low-carbon power system focused on the source side. To reduce the pressure on the source side, the literature "Zhou Quan, Feng Donghan, Xu Changbao, et al. Comparative study on direct allocation methods of carbon emission responsibilities on the load side [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems. 2015, 39(17): 153-159." shifted the research focus from the generation side to the demand side. The literature "Liu Zheyuan, Xing Haijun, Cheng Haozhong, et al. Two-layer optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems considering carbon emission flow and demand response [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(01): 169-178." introduced the carbon emissions of each load into the Shapley value method in the carbon trading model of the integrated energy system and constructed a two-layer scheduling model of the integrated energy system based on price-based demand response. The literature "Chen Zhimeng, Lei Shuya, Wei Renjie, et al. Research on the method of "location fairness" for carbon responsibility allocation on the user side towards the dual-carbon goal [J / OL]. Power System Technology: 1-10 [2024-07-08]" proposed a method of "location fairness" for carbon responsibility allocation on the user side and established a two-layer optimal model of ISO-load side demand response considering carbon responsibility allocation. The literature "Chen Houhe, Mao Wenling, Zhang Rufeng, et al. Source-load coordinated low-carbon optimal scheduling of power systems based on carbon emission flow theory [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(10): 1-11" proposed a ladder carbon price formulation scheme and established a two-stage low-carbon optimal scheduling model for power systems. The literature "Yuan Shulin, Ma Rui. Research on the carbon emission allocation model based on the carbon emission flow theory of power systems [J]. Modern Electric Power, 2014, 31(06): 70-75" decomposed the carbon emission structure according to the use of electric energy and proposed a model for the definition and allocation of carbon emission property rights in power systems. The literature "Yang Mingjie, Hu Yangyu, Qian Haixia, et al. Day-ahead and intra-day multi-time scale optimal scheduling of integrated energy distribution networks considering carbon emissions [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51(05): 96-106" established a day-ahead optimal model for integrated energy distribution networks with the goal of minimizing carbon emissions and analyzed the impact of load-side demand response on system operation costs and carbon emissions.

[0003] The above research on the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities is all based on the carbon emission flow theory. Although the carbon emission flow theory can better trace the carbon emission path, it is sometimes difficult to take into account the principle of "who causes, who bears, who governs, and who benefits". Considering fairness, carbon responsibility should not be unilaterally allocated only by the power generation side or the load side. The literature "Li Jiang, Fan Yuanzheng, Liu Bo. Source-load low-carbon optimal operation method considering the direct carbon emissions of cement plants [J / OL]. Electric Power of China: 1-12 [2024-07-08]", "Chen Lixia, Sun Tao, Zhou Yun, etc. Method for jointly allocating carbon responsibilities on the power generation side and load side of the power system [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(19): 106-111" proposed a research method for jointly bearing carbon responsibilities by both the source and load sides. The literature "Hao Ting, Fan Xiaochao, Wang Weiqing, etc. Optimal configuration of energy storage considering source-load uncertainty under stepped carbon trading [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51(1): 101-112" established a robust model of energy storage for stepped carbon trading and time-of-use electricity price based on the carbon responsibility allocation on both the source and load sides. The literature "Bian Xiaoyan, Wu Shan, Zhao Jian, etc. Multi-level flexibility resource planning for a new power system considering source-load carbon responsibility allocation [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44(02): 155-164" considered the flexibility requirements of the power system, allocated carbon emission responsibilities to both the source and load sides including new energy, and proposed a multi-level flexibility resource planning method considering carbon emission responsibilities on both the source and load sides.

[0004] In addition, to ensure the power balance of the power system, maximize the consumption of renewable energy, and reduce the comprehensive cost, a large number of studies have started from the "power perspective" and coordinated the power system planning. The literature "Feng Yi, Ying Zhanfeng, Yan Jianhu. Optimal Operation of Energy Storage Devices in a Multi-Energy Complementary Micro-Energy Network Considering Carbon Emission Costs [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(8): 92-99" optimized the charging and discharging strategies of various energy sources and energy storage devices in the micro-energy network on the basis of considering carbon emission costs. The literature "Huang Ying, Liu Baozhu, Wang Kunyu, et al. Joint Planning of Energy Storage and Transmission Considering Wind Power Accommodation Capacity [J]. Power Grid Technology, 2018, 42(05): 1480-1489" analyzed the main factors affecting the wind power accommodation capacity and constructed a joint planning model of energy storage and transmission network to improve the wind power accommodation capacity. The literature "Zheng Yangwei, Jiang Yuewen, Zhang Jinhui. Joint Planning Optimization of Source-Storage-Transmission Considering Long-Term and Short-Term Energy Storage under High Penetration of Wind Power [J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(03): 63-71" proposed the coordination of long-term and short-term energy storage and established a joint planning model of source-storage-transmission. The literature "Yang Xiuyu, Mu Gang, Chai Guofeng, et al. An Integrated Planning Method of Source-Storage-Network Considering Flexible Supply-Demand Balance [J]. Power Grid Technology, 2020, 44(09): 3238-3246." Conducted a series of studies on the source-storage-network planning considering the flexibility requirements of the power system to meet the safe and economic operation needs of the power system under high penetration of wind power in the future. The literature "Yang Xiuyu, Guo Qi, Liu Xueyuan, et al. A Joint Planning Method of Source-Storage-Network Considering the Coupling Relationship of Wind Curtailment Events [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(02): 53-60." Starting from the perspective of time-sharing reuse of energy storage, solved the problem of wind curtailment while configuring energy storage, and proposed a joint planning method of source-storage-network considering the coupling relationship of wind curtailment events. The above studies lack the overall consideration of the "power perspective" and the "carbon perspective" in the planning process, and it is difficult to observe the coupling relationship between the "electricity" and "carbon" behaviors of each link in the planning process.

[0005] To sum up, most of the studies on the planning of the new power system are "electricity" and "carbon" separated, and the research on the sharing of carbon emission responsibilities mostly focuses on the bilateral sharing of the source and load sides. Since the carbon emission responsibilities caused by wind power curtailment cannot be clearly defined, there are few studies that jointly include all stakeholders in the sharing of carbon responsibilities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing, so as to achieve the source-storage-transmission joint planning considering carbon emission responsibility sharing from the perspective of both "electricity-carbon". First, a two-layer carbon responsibility sharing rule under power balance is constructed; then the carbon responsibility cost is incorporated into the objective function of the planning model, a source-storage-network joint planning model considering the investment cost of conventional thermal power installation, the investment cost of energy storage, the penalty cost of wind abandonment, the cost of transmission line expansion, and the carbon responsibility cost is constructed, and an iterative solution algorithm for the model is designed to obtain the final planning scheme.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing, the method includes;

[0009] Establish a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy;

[0010] Based on the two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, establish a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing;

[0011] Solve the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing to obtain the optimal joint planning scheme of the system source-storage-network; wherein, solving the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing includes:

[0012] The first step: Input the wind power and load data of the planned target year;

[0013] The second step: Preliminary carbon responsibility sharing: Given the wind power generation and load power consumption in the planned target year, calculate the system carbon emissions of the system under power balance, and allocate the paid and free emission quotas to obtain the initial paid carbon emission responsibilities on the load side and the power supply side;

[0014] The third step: Secondary carbon responsibility sharing: Based on the given initial new capacity of conventional thermal power units and the planning boundary conditions of the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, calculate the wind abandonment caused by insufficient system peak regulation under the condition that the transmission capacity of the transmission line is sufficient and there is no line congestion; calculate the wind abandonment caused by transmission line congestion in the system under the condition that the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no wind abandonment due to insufficient peak regulation; and determine the responsibility sharing of the transmission lines and thermal power units for the increased carbon emissions caused by wind abandonment;

[0015] The fourth step: Under the given planning boundary conditions of the new capacity of conventional thermal power units and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, couple the wind abandonment due to insufficient peak regulation and the wind abandonment due to transmission line congestion to obtain the total wind abandonment of the system;

[0016] Step 5: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the planning boundary conditions of the newly added capacity of thermal power installed units and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point. Under the constraints of energy storage output, daily clearing, power quantity, and power balance, through time series simulation, calculate the investment cost of energy storage devices, the system wind curtailment penalty cost, and the carbon emission reduction reward, and obtain the optimal energy storage configuration under specific planning boundaries;

[0017] Step 6: System comprehensive cost calculation: Calculate the system comprehensive cost including the investment in thermal power units, the investment in energy storage equipment, the wind curtailment penalty cost, the investment in transmission line expansion, and the carbon emission responsibility reward and punishment cost;

[0018] Step 7: Within the feasible candidate range of the newly added installed capacity of thermal power units and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, repeat steps 2 to 6, traverse the boundary of the wind power connection point and the newly added installed capacity of conventional power sources until the optimal source-storage-network joint planning scheme of the system is finally obtained.

[0019] Furthermore, establish a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, including:

[0020] Obtain the initial free carbon emission quota according to the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, C total is the total carbon emission; C unfree is the system's paid carbon emission quota; C free is the system's free carbon emission quota; Q free is the free quota allocation coefficient; μ coal is the energy carbon emission conversion coefficient; W G is the power generation of thermal power units;

[0023] Calculate the paid carbon emission quota and the paid carbon emission responsibility cost through the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, F unfree is the system's paid carbon emission responsibility cost; F total is the total carbon emission cost; F free is the free carbon emission cost; is the unit price of carbon tax in that year;

[0026] Based on the initial sharing of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, determine the carbon emission and the system carbon emission responsibility cost borne by thermal power units;

[0027] The secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibility based on power balance includes the allocation of carbon emission responsibility generated by power curtailment due to power imbalance and the allocation of carbon emission responsibility by energy storage configuration; among them, the allocation of carbon emission responsibility generated by power curtailment due to power imbalance is used to determine the carbon emission costs caused by total wind curtailment, insufficient peaking wind curtailment, and transmission congestion wind curtailment, and the allocation of carbon emission responsibility by energy storage configuration is used to determine the auxiliary reward for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, the carbon emission and system carbon emission responsibility costs borne by thermal power units are determined through the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, F p_load is the carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand; F G is the carbon emission responsibility cost borne by the thermal power unit; ζ F-1 is the carbon responsibility factor of the thermal power unit; W p_load is the net load demand power; F C * is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under power balance.

[0031] Furthermore, the allocation of carbon emission responsibility generated by power curtailment due to power imbalance includes:

[0032] The total wind curtailment carbon emission expression can be obtained by coupling the post-coupling wind curtailment power as:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, C w is the total carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment in the post-coupling system; C w-Tf is the total carbon emissions caused by insufficient peaking wind curtailment; P W-i (t) is the wind curtailment power at time t on the i-th dispatching day; C w-Zs is the carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion wind curtailment; C eq is the equal part of insufficient peaking wind curtailment and transmission congestion wind curtailment in the total post-coupling wind curtailment; P e-i (t) is the wind curtailment power absorbed by the energy storage at time t on the i-th dispatching day;

[0035] Based on formula (4) and the set allocation strategy, the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, insufficient peaking wind curtailment, and transmission congestion wind curtailment after allocating the responsibility are obtained; among them, the set equal sharing strategy is: the carbon responsibility generated by transmission congestion wind curtailment is borne by the grid side, the carbon responsibility generated by insufficient peaking wind curtailment is jointly borne by the source-load side, and the carbon responsibility generated by the overlapping part of transmission congestion wind curtailment and insufficient peaking wind curtailment is equally shared by the thermal power unit and the grid side; the expressions for the carbon emissions caused by total wind curtailment, insufficient peaking wind curtailment, and transmission congestion wind curtailment after sharing the responsibility are:

[0036]

[0037] Wherein, C eq1 is the carbon emissions caused by the abandoned wind due to insufficient peak shaving after sharing the responsibility; C eq2 is the carbon emissions caused by the abandoned wind due to transmission congestion after sharing the responsibility;

[0038] Based on the carbon emissions caused by the total abandoned wind, insufficient peak shaving abandoned wind, and transmission congestion abandoned wind after sharing the responsibility, the carbon emission cost caused by the abandoned wind is calculated through the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Wherein, F w is the carbon emission cost caused by the total abandoned wind; F eq1 is the carbon emission cost caused by the insufficient peak shaving abandoned wind; F eq2 is the carbon emission cost caused by the transmission congestion abandoned wind.

[0041] Furthermore, the energy storage configuration for sharing the carbon emission responsibility includes:

[0042] Applying an auxiliary reward to the carbon emissions reduced by the abandoned wind absorbed by the energy storage; wherein, the calculation formula of the auxiliary reward is:

[0043]

[0044] Wherein, F e is the auxiliary reward for the abandoned wind absorbed by the energy storage; P E-w is the electricity quantity of the abandoned wind absorbed by the energy storage.

[0045] Furthermore, establishing a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy also includes:

[0046] Based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost elements, realizing the quantification of the carbon emission responsibility cost in the objective function; wherein, the elements include thermal power unit construction, transmission channel construction, and energy storage unit price.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost elements, realizing the quantification of the carbon emission responsibility cost in the objective function includes:

[0048] Impact analysis of the carbon emission responsibility cost on thermal power unit construction: The unit cost of building a thermal power unit is calculated by the ratio of the thermal power unit construction cost after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit:

[0049]

[0050] Wherein: P gLet \(P\) be the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; \(\beta\) be the coefficient of the carbon responsibility cost borne by the newly built thermal power unit; \(\sigma\) g is the original unit construction cost of the thermal power unit in the system; \(\Delta\sigma\) g is the unit construction cost of the thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost;

[0051] Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility cost on the construction of transmission channels: The investment per unit length of the line is calculated by the ratio of the total investment cost of the line considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the line length:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula: \(C\) l is the original unit price per unit length of line \(l\) in the system; \(n\) l is the number of construction circuits of line \(l\); \(L\) l is the length of line \(l\); \(Z\) l is the 0-1 decision variable of the investment in line \(l\); \(\Omega\) line is the set of candidate lines; \(\Delta C\) l is the unit price per unit length of line \(l\) after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; \(K\) line is the cost per unit length and per unit power of the line; \(P\) line-l is the transmission capacity of line \(l\);

[0054] Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility cost on the unit price of energy storage: The purchase cost per unit capacity of energy storage is calculated by the ratio of the energy storage construction cost considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the configured energy storage capacity:

[0055] \(\Delta\sigma\) Eess \(=(E\) ess \(\sigma\) Eess \(-F\) e ) / E\) ess (10)

[0056] In the formula: \(E\) ess is the configured energy storage capacity; \(\sigma\) Eess is the original purchase cost per unit capacity of the energy storage in the system; \(\Delta\sigma\) Eess is the impact of incorporating the carbon responsibility cost on the purchase cost per unit capacity of the energy storage.

[0057] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned double-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing is established, including:

[0058] Based on the above-mentioned double-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, the carbon responsibility sharing cost is converted into the construction unit price of each entity and embedded in the objective function of the model. The objective function of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing is:

[0059] \(F\) N \(=\min(\Delta I\) g \(+\Delta I\)e +C T +ΔI line ) (11)

[0060] In the formula, F N is the system comprehensive cost considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing, and ΔI g is the investment in thermal power units after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost; ΔI e is the investment in energy storage equipment after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost; C T is the curtailment penalty cost; ΔI line is the investment in the expansion of transmission lines after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost;

[0061] ΔI e 、ΔI g 、C T 、ΔI line The calculation formulas of are as follows:

[0062]

[0063] In the formula: P ess is the configured energy storage power; σ pess is the purchase cost of the unit power converter; σ T is the penalty for the unit curtailment electricity; T s is the planning period; P e-i (t) is the curtailment wind power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within the dispatching day i; Δσ Eess is the purchase cost per unit capacity of the energy storage for incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; E ess is the configured energy storage capacity; Δσ g is the construction cost per unit of thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; P g is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; n l is the number of construction returns of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable of the investment in line l; Ω line is the set of candidate lines; ΔC l is the unit length unit price of line l after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; P W-i (t) is the system curtailment wind power at time t within the dispatching day i;

[0064] Determine the constraint conditions of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing, and the constraint conditions include node power balance constraint, power balance constraint, thermal power unit output constraint, DC power flow constraint, energy storage capacity and power constraint, spinning reserve constraint, daily clearing constraint of the state of charge of the energy storage system, newly built line constraint, and transmission line power transmission constraint.

[0065] Furthermore, the node power balance constraint is expressed as:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula: P g,h,m (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at node m at time t; P w,j,m (t) is the output power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; ΔP w,j,m (t) is the curtailed power of wind turbine j at node m at time t; P e,m (t) is the output power of energy storage device at node m at time t; P L,m (t) is the active power load at node m at time t;

[0068] The electricity balance constraint is expressed as:

[0069] W G (Δt) + W w (Δt) + W e (Δt) + W Q (Δt) = W L (Δt) (14)

[0070] In the formula: W G (Δt) is the electricity of thermal power unit h during the period of Δt; W w (Δt) is the electricity of wind turbines during the period of Δt; W e (Δt) is the electricity of energy storage device during the period of Δt; W Q (Δt) is the curtailed wind electricity of wind farm during the period of Δt; W L (Δt) is the load electricity during the period of Δt;

[0071] The output constraint of thermal power unit is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] In the formula: P g,h min 、P g,h max are the minimum and maximum output of thermal power unit h respectively; P g,h (t) is the output of thermal power unit h under normal operating conditions at time t;

[0074] The DC power flow constraint is expressed as:

[0075] Bθ(t) = P g (t) + P w (t) - P e (t) - P L (t) - ΔP w (t) (16)

[0076] Where: B is the system nodal admittance matrix; θ(t) is the nodal voltage phase angle vector at time t; P g (t) is the output power vector of thermal power units at time t; P w (t) is the output power vector of wind turbines at time t; P e (t) is the output power vector of energy storage at time t; P L (t) is the load power vector at time t; ΔP w (t) is the wind curtailment power vector at time t;

[0077] The energy storage capacity and power constraints are expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] Where: are the minimum charge and discharge powers of the energy storage respectively; and are the maximum charge and discharge powers respectively; E e min 、E e max are the minimum and maximum values of the energy storage device capacity respectively; E e (t) is the actual capacity of the energy storage device during the t-th period; P e,char (t), P e,dischar (t) are the charge and discharge powers of the energy storage at time t; η char 、η dis are the charge and discharge efficiencies of the energy storage; SOC min 、SOC max are the minimum and maximum values of the energy storage capacity respectively; SOC(t) is the energy storage capacity at time t;

[0080] The spinning reserve constraint is expressed as:

[0081]

[0082] Where: P g,h (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at time t; P w,j (t) is the output power of wind farm j at time t; P e,k (t) is the charging power of energy storage device k at time t; Ω g is the set of thermal power units; Ω w is the set of wind farms; Ω e is the set of energy storage devices; Ω L is the set of load nodes; R max is the maximum reserve capacity of the system;

[0083] The daily clearing constraint of the state of charge of the energy storage system is expressed as:

[0084] δ SOC (0) = δ SOC (24) (22)

[0085] In the formula: δ SOC (0), δ SOC (24) represent the state of charge at the initial and end times respectively;

[0086] The newly built line constraint is expressed as:

[0087] 0 ≤ ω m ≤ N m,max (23)

[0088] In the formula: ω m is the number of newly built transmission lines connected to node m; N m,max is the maximum value of the number of newly built transmission lines;

[0089] The transmission line power transmission constraint is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula: P ab 、P ab max are the actual transmission power and maximum capacity of line (a, b) respectively; x ab 、x ab new are the number of existing directly connected lines and newly built lines between node a and node b respectively.

[0092] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0093] 1) Based on the principle of "who causes, who bears", a two-layer carbon responsibility sharing strategy is constructed from the perspectives of electricity quantity and power balance, realizing the fair sharing and effective rewards and punishments of the responsibilities of free and paid carbon quotas and carbon emissions generated by real-time power imbalance;

[0094] 2) A source-storage-network planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing is proposed, realizing the integration of the "electricity-carbon" perspective, giving certain rewards and punishments from the perspective of carbon emission cost, promoting energy storage investment, reducing the amount of curtailed electricity, and reducing carbon emissions. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0095] Figure 1 Shows the power diagram of wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 2 Shows the total wind curtailment power diagram formed by coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Figure 3 Shows the change trend diagram of the construction unit price of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0098] Figure 4 Shows the schematic diagram of the unit investment cost of a power transmission channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Figure 5 Shows the change trend diagram of the unit construction cost of energy storage capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] Figure 6 Shows the flow chart of model solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] Figure 7 Shows the engineering networking topology structure diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] Figure 8 Shows the schematic diagram of node load and 6-node wind power data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0103] Figure 9 Shows the schematic diagram of the coordinated optimization result of the installed capacity of a thermal power unit and the capacity of a power transmission channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0104] Figure 10 Shows the sectional view of the optimal solution of the plan according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0105] The following uses specific specific examples to illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0106] The following further describes in detail the specific implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0107] The embodiment of the present invention provides a source-storage-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing. This method includes steps S1 to S3, which are introduced in detail as follows.

[0108] Step S1, establish a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy.

[0109] In this embodiment, for the calculation of carbon emission responsibility, it is first necessary to design a reasonable carbon emission quota allocation plan. At present, the power industry mainly adopts the method of free allocation for the initial carbon emission quota allocation, and obtains the initial carbon emission quota allocated free of charge according to the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, C total is the total carbon emissions; C unfree is the paid carbon emission quota of the system; C free is the free carbon emission quota of the system; Q free is the free quota allocation coefficient. In this embodiment, referring to the EU's four-stage carbon quota allocation method, the free quota allocation coefficient is set at 80%; μ coal is the energy carbon emission conversion coefficient; W G is the power generation of thermal power units.

[0112] The paid carbon emission quota and the paid carbon emission responsibility cost are obtained by calculating the difference between the total system carbon emissions and the free carbon emission quota.

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, F unfree is the paid carbon emission responsibility cost of the system; F total is the total carbon emission cost; F free is the free carbon emission cost; λ y carbon is the unit price of carbon tax in the current year.

[0115] Secondly, the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibility under power balance: Ignoring the real-time power balance constraint and only considering the power supply and demand balance of the power system, all carbon emissions come from thermal power units, that is, the carbon emissions generated to meet the net load demand. At this time, following the principle of "whoever causes it is responsible", a plan for sharing carbon responsibility by thermal power units and the load side is proposed. The calculation formulas for the carbon emissions and the carbon emission responsibility cost borne by thermal power units are as follows.

[0116]

[0117] In the formula, F p_load is the carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand, which can be expressed as the total system carbon emission cost at this time; F G is the carbon emission responsibility cost borne by thermal power units; ζ F-1 is the carbon responsibility factor of thermal power units, and ζ F-1 is set to 0.5; W p_load is the net load demand power; is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under power balance.

[0118] Then, perform the secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibilities under power balance, including the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities generated by power curtailment due to power imbalance and the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities by energy storage configuration.

[0119] Specifically, for the allocation of carbon emission responsibilities generated by power curtailment due to power imbalance, due to the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy power, there may be insufficient peak shaving and transmission congestion during system operation, resulting in curtailment of renewable energy. This part of the curtailed power will result in additional carbon emissions on the basis of the power balance allocation. The following is the secondary allocation of carbon emission responsibilities in the case of power curtailment. Here, wind power is taken as an example of renewable energy, including wind curtailment due to transmission congestion, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and total wind curtailment after coupling.

[0120] For wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, assuming that the system's transmission capacity is sufficient and there is no transmission congestion problem, the wind curtailment event caused by insufficient peak shaving of the system is wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, and its expression is:

[0121]

[0122] In the formula, P LG-i (t) is the wind curtailment power caused by insufficient peak shaving at time t within scheduling day i; P W-i (t) is the wind power at time t within scheduling day i; P FR-i (t) is the wind power that the system can accept at time t within scheduling day i.

[0123] For wind curtailment due to transmission congestion, assuming that the system has sufficient flexibility and there is no wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving, the wind curtailment event caused by the obstruction of wind power transmission due to the lag of grid construction is wind curtailment due to transmission congestion, and its expression is:

[0124]

[0125] In the formula, P LT-i (t) is the wind curtailment power caused by transmission congestion at time t within scheduling day i; P W-i (t) is the wind power at time t within scheduling day i; P L is the maximum transmission capacity of the wind power connection point.

[0126] For the total wind curtailment after coupling, the above-mentioned wind curtailment events due to insufficient peak shaving and wind curtailment due to transmission congestion are coupled to obtain the total wind curtailment of the system. Take the union of the two wind curtailment events, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0127] P LW-i (t) = P LG-i (t) ∪ P LT-i (t) (A3)

[0128] In the formula, P LW-i (t) is the total wind curtailment power at time t within scheduling day i.

[0129] Combining formula (A1) and formula (A2), the total wind curtailment formula of the system can be specifically expressed as:

[0130]

[0131] The schematic diagrams of each wind curtailment time series and the total wind curtailment formed by coupling can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0132] Through the wind curtailment power after coupling, the expression of the total carbon emissions from wind curtailment can be obtained as:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, C w is the carbon emissions caused by wind curtailment after coupling; C w-Tf is the total carbon emissions caused by insufficient peak shaving in the total wind curtailment after coupling; P LW-i is the wind curtailment at time t within the dispatching day i; C w-Zs is the carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion in the total wind curtailment after coupling; C eq is the part of the wind curtailment where the insufficient peak shaving and transmission congestion in the total wind curtailment after coupling are equal; P e-i (t) is the wind curtailment power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within the dispatching day i.

[0135] The reason for the generation of wind curtailment due to transmission congestion is the lag in grid construction, which causes additional carbon emissions. According to the principle of "who causes it, who bears it", the carbon responsibility for this part of the wind curtailment is borne by the grid side. The reason for the generation of wind curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving is the insufficient peak shaving capacity of conventional units. The carbon responsibility for this part of the wind curtailment is jointly borne by the source-load side. There is an overlapping part between the two types of wind curtailment, and the carbon emissions for this part are shared equally by the thermal power units and the grid side. The expressions for the carbon emissions of the two types of wind curtailment and the total wind curtailment after processing are:

[0136]

[0137] In the formula, C eq1 is the carbon emissions caused by insufficient peak shaving after sharing the responsibility; C eq2 is the carbon emissions caused by transmission congestion after sharing the responsibility.

[0138] The expression for the carbon emission cost caused by wind curtailment is:

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, F w is the carbon emission cost caused by the total wind curtailment; F eq1 is the carbon emission cost caused by insufficient peak shaving; F eq2 is the carbon emission cost caused by transmission congestion.

[0141] Regarding the sharing of carbon emission responsibilities for energy storage configuration, configuring energy storage can promote the consumption of renewable energy and reduce system carbon emissions. Therefore, certain auxiliary rewards should be imposed on the carbon emissions reduced by the abandoned wind consumed by energy storage. The specific expression is:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula, F e is the auxiliary reward for the abandoned wind consumed by energy storage; P E-w is the electricity quantity of abandoned wind absorbed by energy storage.

[0144] Finally, an analysis of the impact of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost on each element is carried out. Incorporating the carbon emission responsibility costs borne by each stakeholder into the unit price of each entity can quantify the carbon emission responsibility cost in the objective function and can more intuitively observe the impact of carbon emission responsibility on each link in the planning.

[0145] Among them, the analysis of the impact of the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost on each element includes:

[0146] 1) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility cost on thermal power unit construction

[0147] The unit construction cost of a thermal power unit is calculated by the ratio of the thermal power unit construction cost considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the newly built thermal power unit capacity. The expression is:

[0148]

[0149] In the formula: P g is the newly built thermal power unit capacity; β is the carbon responsibility cost coefficient borne by the newly built thermal power unit (calculated by the ratio of the newly built unit to the total thermal power unit quantity); σ g is the original unit construction cost of the system's thermal power unit; Δσ g is the unit construction cost of the thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost.

[0150] Assume that the grid side plans according to the installed capacity of wind power and there is no transmission congestion phenomenon. Analyze the change in the unit price of thermal power units after incorporating the system carbon emission responsibility cost, as Figure 3 shown.

[0151] Figure 1 In it, the black curve is the change trend of the unit construction price of thermal power units, showing a decreasing curve, and the red straight line is the original construction unit price of thermal power units. It can be seen that as the installed capacity of thermal power units decreases, the abandoned wind due to insufficient peak regulation decreases, and the unit construction price of thermal power units decreases accordingly and gradually approaches the original construction cost.

[0152] 2) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility cost on transmission channel construction

[0153] The investment per unit length of the line is calculated as the ratio of the total investment cost of the line considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the line length, and the expression is:

[0154]

[0155] In the formula: C l is the unit price per unit length of the original line l of the system; n l is the number of construction circuits of line l; L l is the length of line l; Z l is the 0-1 decision variable of the investment in line l; Ω line is the set of candidate lines; ΔC l is the unit price per unit length of line l after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; K line is the unit power cost per unit length of the line; P line-l is the transmission capacity of line l.

[0156] Assume that the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no peak shaving deficiency, and analyze the change in the unit investment of the transmission channel after incorporating the system carbon emission responsibility cost, as Figure 4 shown.

[0157] Figure 2 In [figure], the black curve is the change trend of the unit construction cost of the transmission line, showing a curve that decreases first and then gradually approaches a value. The red straight line is the original construction unit price of the transmission line. It can be seen that as the transmission channel capacity increases, the wind abandonment due to transmission congestion gradually decreases, and the unit investment cost of the transmission line decreases accordingly.

[0158] 3) Analysis of the impact of carbon emission responsibility cost on the unit price of energy storage

[0159] The acquisition cost per unit capacity of energy storage is calculated as the ratio of the energy storage construction cost considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the configured energy storage capacity, and the expression is:

[0160] Δσ Eess =(E ess σ Eess -F e ) / σ Eess (10)

[0161] In the formula: E ess is the configured energy storage capacity; σ Eess is the original acquisition cost per unit capacity of the system energy storage; Δσ Eess is the acquisition cost per unit capacity of the energy storage after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost.

[0162] Keep the installed capacity of thermal power units and the construction of transmission channel capacity unchanged, and analyze the change trend of the unit price of configured energy storage after incorporating the system carbon emission responsibility cost, as Figure 5 shown.

[0163] Figure 5 The red curve represents the changing trend of the construction cost per unit of energy storage capacity, showing an increasing curve, but less than the original unit cost of 600,000 yuan. It can be seen that as the energy storage capacity configuration changes, the less energy storage is consumed for abandoned wind, the smaller the energy storage reward, and the construction cost per unit of energy storage capacity increases accordingly.

[0164] Step S2: Based on the double-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, establish a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing.

[0165] In this embodiment, starting from the "carbon perspective", considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing, a carbon responsibility sharing calculation rule for the power system is established. Based on the source-storage-transmission joint planning model, the carbon responsibility sharing cost is converted into the construction unit price of each entity and embedded in the objective function of the model. First, the basic model is corrected as shown in Equation (11).

[0166] F N =min(ΔI g +ΔI e +C T +ΔI line ) (11)

[0167] Where: ΔI g is the investment in thermal power units after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost; ΔI e is the investment in energy storage equipment after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost; C T is the abandoned wind penalty cost; ΔI line is the investment in the expansion of transmission lines after considering the carbon emission responsibility sharing cost. The specific calculation formulas for each item are as follows.

[0168]

[0169] Where: P ess is the configured energy storage power; σ pess is the purchase cost per unit of power converter; σ T is the penalty for per unit of abandoned wind power; T s is the planning period.

[0170] The constraint conditions of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing include:

[0171] 1) Node power balance constraint:

[0172]

[0173] Where: P g,h,m (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at node m at time t; P w,j,m (t) is the output power of wind power unit j at node m at time t; ΔP w,j,mThe curtailment power of wind turbine j at node m at time t is (t); P e,m The output power of the energy storage device at node m at time t is (t); P L,m The active power load at node m at time t is (t).

[0174] 2) Power balance constraint:

[0175] W G (Δt) + W w (Δt) + W e (Δt) + W Q (Δt) = W L (Δt) (14)

[0176] In the formula: W G (Δt) is the power of thermal power unit h during the period of Δt; W w (Δt) is the power of the wind turbine during the period of Δt; W e (Δt) is the power of the energy storage device during the period of Δt; W Q (Δt) is the curtailed wind power of the wind farm during the period of Δt; W L (Δt) is the load power during the period of Δt.

[0177] 3) Output constraint of thermal power unit:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula: P g,h min 、P g,h max are the minimum and maximum outputs of thermal power unit h respectively; P g,h (t) is the output of thermal power unit h in the normal operating state at time t.

[0180] 4) DC power flow constraint:

[0181] Bθ(t) = P g (t) + P w (t) - P e (t) - P L (t) - ΔP w (t) (16)

[0182] In the formula: B is the system node admittance matrix;; θ(t) is the node voltage phase angle vector at time t; P g (t) is the output power vector of thermal power units at time t; P w (t) is the output power vector of wind turbines at time t; P e (t) is the output power vector of the energy storage at time t; P L (t) is the load power vector at time t. ΔPw The curtailment power vector at time t is (t).

[0183] 5) Energy storage capacity and power constraint:

[0184]

[0185] E e (t) = E e (t - 1)+

[0186] (P e,char (t)·η char -P e,dischar (t) / η dis )Δt(19)

[0187] SOC min ≤SOC(t)≤SOC max (20)

[0188] In the formula: P e,char min and P e,dischar min are respectively the minimum charge and discharge powers of the energy storage; P e,char max and P e,dischar max are respectively the maximum charge and discharge powers; E e min and E e max are respectively the minimum and maximum capacities of the energy storage device; E e (t) is the actual capacity of the energy storage device during the t period; P e,char (t), P e,dischar (t) are the charge and discharge powers of the energy storage at time t; η char and η dis are the charge and discharge efficiencies of the energy storage; SOC min、 SOC max are the minimum and maximum energy storage capacities; SOC(t) is the energy storage capacity at time t.

[0189] 6) Spinning reserve constraint:

[0190]

[0191] In the formula: P g,h (t) is the output power of thermal power unit h at time t; P w,j (t) is the output power of wind farm j at time t; P e,k (t) is the charging power of energy storage device k at time t; Ω g is the set of thermal power units; Ω w is the set of wind farms; Ωe is the set of energy storage devices; Ω L is the set of load nodes; R max is the maximum reserve capacity of the system.

[0192] 7) Daily clearing constraint for the state of charge of the energy storage system:

[0193] δ SOC (0) = δ SOC (24) (22)

[0194] In the formula: δ SOC (0), δ SOC (24) represent the state of charge at the initial and end times respectively.

[0195] 8) New line constraint:

[0196] 0 ≤ ω m ≤ N m,max (23)

[0197] In the formula: ω m is the number of newly built transmission lines connected to node m; N m,max is the maximum value of the number of newly built transmission lines.

[0198] 9) Transmission line power transfer constraint:

[0199]

[0200] In the formula: P ab 、P ab max are the actual transmission power and the maximum capacity of line (a, b) respectively; x ab 、x ab new are the number of existing directly connected lines and newly built lines between node a and node b respectively.

[0201] Step S3: Solve the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing to obtain the optimal source-storage-network joint planning scheme for the system.

[0202] In the planning process of this embodiment, the installed capacity of thermal power units is reduced in steps of 20 MW, and the capacity of the wind power transmission channel is reduced in steps of 100 MW to obtain the wind power curtailment due to transmission congestion and the wind power curtailment due to insufficient peak shaving under different conditions. Then, the two types of wind power curtailment are coupled using formula (A4) to obtain the total wind power curtailment, and energy storage is configured. On this basis, the total investment, energy storage configuration, installed capacity of thermal power units, and transmission capacity are coordinated and optimized, the planning boundary is perturbed, and the above steps are repeated. Using the enumeration method, the source-storage-transmission planning scheme with the minimum final total investment cost can be obtained. The specific flowchart is as Figure 6 shown, and the solution process includes the following six steps:

[0203] Step 1: Input the wind power and load data for the planned target year, obtain the carbon emissions at power balance, and allocate the initial carbon emission quotas for the system based on the load demand and unit coal consumption. Then, give the conventional power sources and the initial power grid topology structure.

[0204] Step 2: Assume that the transmission capacity of the transmission line is sufficient and there is no line congestion problem. Calculate the wind power abandoned due to insufficient peak regulation of the system using Equation (A1). Assume that the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no wind power abandoned due to insufficient peak regulation, and calculate the wind power abandoned due to transmission congestion of the system using Equation (A2).

[0205] Step 3: Couple the wind power abandoned due to insufficient peak regulation and the wind power abandoned due to transmission congestion using Equation (A3) and Equation (A4) to obtain the total wind power abandoned by the system.

[0206] Step 4: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the boundary conditions of thermal power installation capacity and wind power connection point planning. Through time series simulation, under the constraint conditions such as energy storage output constraint, daily clearing constraint, energy constraint, and power balance constraint, obtain the paid carbon quotas under different energy storage configurations, and confirm different system carbon responsibility sharing situations.

[0207] Step 5: Calculate the system comprehensive cost including the investment in thermal power units, the investment in energy storage equipment, the penalty cost for wind power abandonment, the investment in transmission line expansion, and the reward and punishment cost for carbon emission responsibility. Then, traverse the energy storage configuration to finally obtain the optimal energy storage configuration.

[0208] Step 6: Within the feasible region of thermal power installation and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, considering the constraints of transmission line expansion, power transmission, and the output of conventional units, traverse the boundary of the wind power connection point and the capacity of conventional power source window machines, and repeat Step 2 to Step 5 until the optimal joint planning scheme of the system source - energy storage - grid is finally obtained.

[0209] Next, this embodiment will give a specific numerical example to further illustrate the feasibility and practicability of the present invention.

[0210] This embodiment analyzes the power transmission project of a certain regional power grid in Northeast China. The networking topology structure of this project is shown in Figure 7 , and the annual load variation is shown in Figure 8 . The specific parameters used in the numerical example are shown in Table 1.

[0211] Table 1 Basic parameters for numerical example calculation

[0212]

[0213]

[0214] To verify the effectiveness of the source - storage - network planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing proposed in this paper, two planning methods, Method A and Method B, are used for comparative analysis. The comparison results of the planning are shown in Table 2. Among them:

[0215] Method A: The carbon responsibility cost is only borne by thermal power units, and source - storage - network planning is carried out for the system.

[0216] Method B: The source - storage - network planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing (i.e., the method proposed in this invention).

[0217] Table 2 Comparison of the planning results of Method A and Method B

[0218]

[0219] As shown in Table 2, the second number in the brackets is the carbon emission responsibility cost that each part needs to bear after the secondary sharing of carbon emission responsibility, which is calculated from the newly built part of each subject and the unit price increment. During the planning process, the configured energy storage participates in the consumption of carbon emissions and is given a certain auxiliary reward, so the carbon emission responsibility cost of the energy storage configuration is negative. The method proposed in this invention (Method B) distributes all the carbon emission responsibilities borne by thermal power units to the transmission channels and the system's peak - shaving deficiency on the basis of considering power balance. By using the peak - shaving function of the energy storage, the abandoned wind power is effectively reduced by 3.03×10 4 MW·h. At the same time, it can obtain the benefits brought by reducing carbon emissions and reduce the investment cost of the energy storage. The method in this paper promotes the configuration of the energy storage and further enables the energy storage to play a role in reducing abandoned wind. By comparing Method A and Method B in Table 2, it can be found that the total investment cost of the planning scheme given by the method proposed in this invention is lower. Due to the increase in the energy storage capacity, the capacities of thermal power units and transmission channels are correspondingly reduced. The planned capacity of thermal power units is reduced by 786 MW, the capacity of the transmission channel is reduced by 100 MW, the economy of the system and the utilization rate of the transmission channel are improved. The energy storage capacity is configured 2360.39 MW·h more than Method A, and the power is configured 378.73 MW more. The abandoned wind rate drops from the original 3.83% to 0.19%, significantly increasing the flexibility of the system. At the same time, the increase in the energy storage capacity reduces the overall carbon responsibility cost of Method B by 0.38 billion yuan. The energy storage configured by the method in this paper not only increases the flexibility of the system, but also improves the energy storage efficiency and economy of the system (source side, network side).

[0220] The unit price of each subject after planning in Method B is shown in Table 3. The coordination and optimization process is shown in Figure 9 .

[0221] Table 3 Impact of carbon emission responsibility on the subject

[0222]

[0223] Due to the congestion of the power transmission channel, the power transmission line bears a certain carbon emission responsibility, so the construction unit price increases. During the planning process, energy storage is configured to participate in the consumption of carbon emissions and certain auxiliary rewards are given. The construction unit price of energy storage is correspondingly reduced, which promotes the construction of energy storage to a certain extent. Since thermal power units are responsible for power generation tasks and need to meet the balance between supply and demand, the increase in energy storage capacity reduces the demand for thermal power units, so the unit price of thermal power units is correspondingly reduced.

[0224] Figure 9 Among them, the positions marked with pentagrams are the optimal solution positions for the joint planning of source-storage-network. The cross-sectional view of the optimal solution is as Figure 10 shown.

[0225] Figure 10 In (a), the curve represents the optimization curve between the installed capacity of thermal power units and the total cost, showing a concave curve. The reduction of the installed capacity of thermal power units reduces the cost of abandoned wind due to insufficient peak regulation and carbon responsibility. At this time, the total cost decreases with the reduction of the installed capacity of thermal power units. When the installed capacity is reduced to the point where the power balance constraint cannot be met, the energy storage configuration begins to increase. At this time, the energy storage cost becomes the dominant factor in the proportion of the total cost, so the total investment cost gradually increases.

[0226] Figure 10 In (b), the curve represents the relationship between the capacity of the power transmission channel and the total cost, showing a concave curve. During the process of the power transmission channel capacity planning changing from large to small, the investment cost of the power transmission line decreases and is the dominant factor in the early stage, and the total cost decreases accordingly. As the power transmission channel capacity continues to decrease, the abandoned wind due to transmission congestion increases, and energy storage configuration is required. At this time, the energy storage construction cost and the abandoned wind penalty cost are the dominant factors of the total cost, and the total cost first decreases and then increases with the change of the power transmission line channel capacity.

[0227] From the above results, it can be seen that the proposed planning method of the present invention can effectively reduce the system carbon emissions, and the configuration of the energy storage system improves the flexibility of the system.

[0228] To sum up, starting from the "carbon perspective", the present invention analyzes the carbon emissions caused by the behaviors of each subject in the power system, constructs a two-layer carbon responsibility sharing strategy based on the balance of electricity and power, and proposes a source-storage-network planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing. The beneficial effects are as follows:

[0229] 1) Based on the principle of "who causes, who bears", a two-layer carbon responsibility sharing rule is constructed from the perspectives of electricity and power balance, realizing the fair sharing and effective rewards and punishments of the responsibilities of free and paid carbon quotas and the carbon emissions generated by the real-time power imbalance;

[0230] 2) A source-storage-network planning method considering carbon responsibility sharing is proposed, which realizes the integration from the "electricity-carbon" perspective, gives certain rewards and punishments from the perspective of carbon emission cost, promotes energy storage investment, reduces the amount of curtailed electricity, and reduces carbon emissions. Compared with Method A, the method in this paper reduces the amount of curtailed wind power by 3.03×10 4 MW·h, improves the utilization rate of wind power, reduces carbon emissions, and reduces the carbon emission cost.

[0231] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can also make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A source-reservoir-transmission joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing, characterized in that, The method includes: Establish a two - layer sharing strategy for carbon emission responsibility; Based on the two - layer sharing strategy for carbon emission responsibility, establish a source - storage - transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing; Solve the source - storage - transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing to obtain the optimal joint planning scheme for the system's source - storage - network; among which, solving the source - storage - transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing includes: The first step: Input the wind power and load data of the planned target year; The second step: Preliminary sharing of carbon responsibility: Given the wind power generation and load power consumption in the planned target year, calculate the system's carbon emissions under power balance, and allocate paid and free emission quotas to obtain the initial paid carbon emission responsibilities on the load side and the power source side; The third step: Secondary sharing of carbon responsibility: Based on the given initial new capacity of conventional thermal power units and the planning boundary conditions of the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, calculate the wind curtailment caused by insufficient system peak regulation when the transmission capacity of the transmission line is sufficient and there is no line congestion; calculate the wind curtailment caused by transmission line congestion when the system flexibility is sufficient and there is no wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation; and determine the responsibility sharing of the transmission lines and thermal power units for the increased carbon emissions caused by wind curtailment; The fourth step: Under the given planning boundary conditions of the new capacity of conventional thermal power units and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, couple the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation and the wind curtailment due to transmission line congestion to obtain the total wind curtailment of the system; The fifth step: Seek the optimal energy storage configuration under the planning boundary conditions of the new capacity of thermal power installations and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point. Under the constraints of energy storage output constraints, daily clearing constraints, power quantity constraints, and power balance constraints, through time - series simulation, calculate the investment cost of energy storage devices, the system wind curtailment penalty cost, and the carbon emission reduction reward, and obtain the optimal energy storage configuration under specific planning boundaries; The sixth step: Calculate the comprehensive cost of the system: Calculate the comprehensive cost of the system including the investment in thermal power units, the investment in energy storage equipment, the wind curtailment penalty cost, the investment in the expansion of transmission lines, and the carbon emission responsibility reward and penalty cost; The seventh step: Within the feasible candidate range of the new installed capacity of thermal power units and the transmission capacity of the wind power connection point, repeat the second step to the sixth step, traverse the boundaries of the wind power connection points and the new installed capacity of conventional power sources until the optimal joint planning scheme for the system's source - storage - network is finally obtained.

2. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 1, wherein, Establishing a two - layer sharing strategy for carbon emission responsibility includes: Obtain the initial free - allocated carbon emission quota according to the power generation of thermal power units. The calculation formula is as follows: ， Wherein, is the total carbon emissions; is the paid carbon emission quota of the system; is the free carbon emission quota of the system; is the free quota allocation coefficient; is the conversion coefficient of energy carbon emissions; is the power generation of thermal power units; Calculate the paid carbon emission quota and the paid carbon emission responsibility cost through the following formula: ， In the formula, is the paid carbon emission liability cost of the system; is the total carbon emission cost; is the free carbon emission cost; is the unit price of carbon tax in the current year; Based on the initial sharing of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, determine the carbon emissions borne by thermal power units and the system carbon emission responsibility cost; Based on the secondary sharing of carbon emission responsibility under power balance, including the carbon emission responsibility sharing generated by power imbalance curtailment and the corresponding carbon emission reduction rewards for energy storage configuration; among which, the carbon emission responsibility sharing generated by power imbalance curtailment is used to determine the carbon emission costs caused by total wind curtailment, wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation, and wind curtailment due to transmission line congestion, and the carbon emission reduction rewards for energy storage configuration are used to determine the auxiliary rewards for energy storage to absorb wind curtailment.

3. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 2, wherein Based on the initial allocation of carbon emission responsibilities under power balance, the carbon emission and system carbon emission responsibility costs borne by thermal power units are determined through the following formula: , In the formula, is the carbon emission cost caused by the net load demand; is the carbon emission responsibility cost borne by the thermal power unit; is the carbon responsibility factor of the thermal power unit; is the net load demand power; is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under power balance.

4. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 2, characterized in that The carbon emission responsibility sharing generated by power imbalance curtailment includes: The wind curtailment power due to insufficient peak regulation and the wind curtailment caused by transmission congestion are coupled to obtain the system wind curtailment power. Then, the carbon emission expression caused by the total wind curtailment electricity can be obtained as follows: , Wherein, is the total carbon emissions caused by the total wind curtailment of the coupled system; is the total carbon emissions caused by the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation; is the scheduling day i within t the wind curtailment power at time t; is the carbon emissions caused by the wind curtailment due to transmission congestion; is the equal part of the wind curtailment due to insufficient peak regulation and the wind curtailment due to transmission congestion in the total wind curtailment after coupling; is the wind curtailment power absorbed by the energy storage at time t within the scheduling day i; Based on formula (4) and the set sharing strategy, the carbon emissions caused by total curtailment of wind power, curtailment of wind power due to insufficient peak regulation, and curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion after sharing the responsibilities are obtained; wherein, the set sharing strategy is: the carbon responsibility generated by curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion is borne by the grid side, the carbon responsibility generated by curtailment of wind power due to insufficient peak regulation is jointly borne by the source-load side, and the carbon responsibility generated by the overlapping part of curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion and curtailment of wind power due to insufficient peak regulation is equally shared by thermal power units and the grid side; the expressions for the carbon emissions caused by total curtailment of wind power, curtailment of wind power due to insufficient peak regulation, and curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion after sharing the responsibilities are: , In the formula, is the carbon emissions caused by the abandoned wind due to insufficient peak shaving after sharing the responsibility; is the carbon emissions caused by the abandoned wind due to transmission congestion after sharing the responsibility; Based on the carbon emissions caused by the total curtailment of wind power, curtailment of wind power due to insufficient peak regulation, and curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion after the equal sharing of responsibilities, the carbon emission cost caused by wind power curtailment is calculated through the following formula: ， In the formula, is the carbon emission cost caused by total curtailed wind power; is the carbon emission cost caused by curtailed wind power due to insufficient peak regulation; is the carbon emission cost caused by curtailed wind power due to transmission congestion.

5. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 2, characterized in that The sharing of carbon emission responsibilities by the energy storage configuration includes: Applying an auxiliary reward to the carbon emissions reduced by the curtailment of wind power consumed by the energy storage; among them, the calculation formula for the auxiliary reward is: ， In the formula, is the auxiliary reward for energy storage to absorb curtailed wind power; is the amount of curtailed wind power absorbed by energy storage.

6. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 5, characterized in that Establishing a two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy also includes: Based on the impact analysis of the cost elements of carbon emission responsibility sharing, quantifying the carbon emission responsibility cost in the objective function; among them, the elements include thermal power unit construction, transmission channel construction, and energy storage unit price.

7. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that Based on the impact analysis of the cost elements of carbon emission responsibility sharing, quantifying the carbon emission responsibility cost in the objective function, including: Impact analysis of carbon emission responsibility cost on thermal power unit construction: The unit cost of building a thermal power unit is calculated by the ratio of the thermal power unit construction cost after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit: ， Where: is the capacity of newly built thermal power generating units; is the carbon responsibility cost coefficient borne by newly built thermal power generating units; is the original construction cost per unit of thermal power generating units in the system; is the construction cost per unit of thermal power generating units after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; is the system carbon emission responsibility cost under power balance; is the carbon emission cost caused by wind power abandonment due to insufficient peak shaving; Impact analysis of carbon emission responsibility cost on transmission channel construction: The investment per unit length of the line is calculated by the ratio of the total line investment cost after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the line length: ， Where: C l is the unit - length unit price of the original system line l ; n l is the number of construction circuits of the line l ; L l is the length of the line l ; Z l is the 0 - 1 decision variable of the line l investment; Ω line is the set of candidate lines; Δ C l is the unit - length unit price of the line after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost l ; K line is the unit - length unit - power cost of the line P line-l is the transmission capacity of the line l ; F eq2 is the carbon emission cost caused by curtailment of wind power due to transmission congestion Impact analysis of carbon emission responsibility cost on energy storage unit price: The purchase cost per unit capacity of energy storage is calculated by the ratio of the energy storage construction cost after considering the carbon emission responsibility cost to the configured energy storage capacity: ， In the formula: is the configured energy storage capacity; is the purchase cost per unit capacity of the original energy storage of the system; is the purchase cost per unit capacity of the energy storage for the incorporated carbon responsibility cost.

8. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, establishing a source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing, including: Based on the two-layer carbon emission responsibility sharing strategy, converting the carbon responsibility sharing cost into the construction unit price of each subject and embedding it into the objective function of the model, the objective function of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing is: ， In the formula, is the system comprehensive cost considering the sharing of carbon emission responsibilities, is the investment in thermal power units after considering the cost of sharing carbon emission responsibilities; is the investment in energy storage equipment after considering the cost of sharing carbon emission responsibilities; Penalty cost for wind curtailment; is the investment in transmission line expansion after considering the cost of sharing carbon emission responsibilities; , , , The calculation formula is as follows: ， Wherein: is the configured energy storage power; is the purchase cost of the unit power converter; is the penalty for the unit wind curtailment electricity; is the planning period; is the scheduling day i within t the wind curtailment power absorbed by the energy storage at time is the purchase cost per unit capacity of the energy storage for incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; is the configured energy storage capacity; is the construction cost per unit of the thermal power unit after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; is the capacity of the newly built thermal power unit; is the line number of construction circuits; is the line length; is the line 0-1 decision variable for the line investment; is the set of candidate lines; is the unit length unit price of the line after incorporating the carbon responsibility cost; is the scheduling day within the system wind curtailment power at time Determining the constraint conditions of the source-storage-transmission joint planning model considering carbon responsibility sharing, and the constraint conditions include node power balance constraint, power balance constraint, thermal power unit output constraint, DC power flow constraint, energy storage capacity and power constraint, spinning reserve constraint, daily clearing constraint of the state of charge of the energy storage system, newly built line constraint, and transmission line power transmission constraint.

9. The source-reservoir-transportation joint planning method considering carbon emission responsibility sharing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The node power balance constraint is expressed as: , Wherein: is the output power of a thermal power unit at time node ; is the output power of a wind power unit at time node ; is the curtailed wind power of a wind power unit at time node ; is the output power of an energy storage device at time node ; is the active load at time node ; The power balance constraint is expressed as: ， Wherein: is the electricity quantity of the thermal power unit during the time period; is the electricity quantity of the wind turbine unit during is the electricity quantity of the energy storage device during the time period; is the curtailed wind electricity quantity of the wind farm during the time period; is the load electricity quantity during the time period; The output constraint of the thermal power unit is expressed as: , Where: and are the minimum and maximum outputs of the thermal power unit respectively; is the output of the thermal power unit under normal operating conditions at time ; at . The DC power flow constraint is expressed as: ， In the formula: is the system nodal admittance matrix; is the vector of nodal voltage phase angles at time is the vector of thermal power generation unit output powers at time is the vector of wind power generation unit output powers at time is the vector of energy storage output powers at time is the vector of load powers at time is the vector of wind curtailment powers at time; the energy storage capacity and power constraints are expressed as: ， Where: , are respectively the minimum energy storage charge and discharge power; and are respectively the maximum charge and discharge power; , are respectively the minimum and maximum values of the energy storage device capacity; is the energy storage device actual capacity during the period; , is energy storage charge and discharge power at time; , are the energy storage charge and discharge efficiencies; 、 are the minimum and maximum values of the energy storage capacity; is energy storage capacity at time; The rotational reserve constraint is expressed as: , Wherein: is the output power of the thermal power unit at time; is the output power of the wind farm at time; The energy storage device at time charging power; is the set of thermal power units; is the set of wind farms; is the set of energy storage devices; is the set of load nodes; is the maximum reserve capacity of the system; The daily charge state constraint of the energy storage system is expressed as: , where: and represent the state of charge at the initial and end times, respectively; The newly built line constraint is expressed as: , In the formula: is the number of newly built transmission lines connected to the node m ; , is the maximum value of the number of newly built transmission lines The power transmission constraint of the transmission line is expressed as: , Wherein: and are respectively the actual transmission power and the maximum capacity of the line ( a,b ); and are respectively the numbers of the existing directly connected lines and the newly built lines of the nodes a and the node b .

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