Comprehensive energy low-carbon operation and evaluation method and system based on demand response

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated energy system low-carbon operation and evaluation method and system based on demand response, and the method comprises the steps: enabling an integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads, and building a demand side response model comprising different load types; establishing a carbon emission transaction cost model according to a carbon transaction mechanism; establishing a comprehensive energy system low-carbon operation model matched with the demand side response models of different load types; and based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the comprehensive energy system low-carbon operation model, evaluating the overall performance of the comprehensive energy system from an economic performance index, an environmental performance index and a reliability index. As an auxiliary decision support for low-carbon regulation and control operation of the comprehensive energy system, the method can be applied to regional comprehensive energy systems, large industrial parks and the like, low-carbon operation decision and evaluation services are provided, and the carbon management capability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of low-carbon power technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response. Background Art

[0002] Typical integrated energy system, based on the principle of "temperature matching, cascade utilization", the system couples key components. It is mainly composed of power units, refrigeration units, heating units and other auxiliary equipment. The supply side is mainly composed of gas turbines, power grids, wind power and photovoltaic units. The power unit is mainly a gas turbine, and the refrigeration unit and heating unit are usually absorption refrigerators and heat exchangers. The gas is input into the gas turbine for combustion, and the high-temperature gas is generated to drive the turbine to work, and the generated electricity provides the user with electrical load; the gas discharged by the turbine drives the absorption refrigeration unit and the heat exchanger to provide the user with cold load and heat load, and at the same time provides the user with cold, heat and electricity load requirements, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of energy and improving energy utilization. Excess electricity and heat energy can supply energy to the energy storage device. When the gas turbine waste heat is insufficient, the heat energy is supplemented by the gas boiler and the heat storage device; when the system power is insufficient, the user supplements the power by purchasing electricity from the power grid and the power storage device. The demand side load is mainly composed of uncontrollable basic load and controllable flexible load.

[0003] From the perspective of the economic efficiency of the integrated energy system, the existing technology 1 takes the maximum annual net income of the integrated energy system as the upper optimization goal, and takes the system daily output fluctuation rate and the daily output peak-to-valley difference as the lower goals to establish a two-level optimization model to study the economic efficiency of the system. However, the existing technology 1 mainly takes the lowest operating cost of the system as the optimization goal for the optimal scheduling of the system, ignoring the environmental cost of the system during operation.

[0004] Existing technology 2 proposes a step-by-step carbon trading cost calculation method for the integrated energy system of electricity, heat and gas cogeneration. Based on the energy hub model, a comprehensive energy system architecture of electricity, heat and gas cogeneration including power-to-gas and gas turbines was built; the carbon trading mechanism was introduced into the system's scheduling model, and a step-by-step calculation model for calculating carbon trading costs by carbon emission interval was constructed; taking into account the carbon trading costs and the cost of purchased energy, a low-carbon economic scheduling model suitable for the electricity, heat and gas cogeneration system was established. Existing technology 2 takes into account demand-side response and carbon emission quotas when evaluating system operation, but the reasonable scheduling of demand-side flexible loads and the role that demand response can play in it are not considered, and further research is needed.

[0005] Therefore, a technology is needed to achieve low-carbon operation and evaluation of integrated energy systems based on demand response. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention provides a method and system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, so as to solve the problem of how to low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the method comprising:

[0008] The integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads and establishes a demand-side response model including different load types;

[0009] According to the carbon trading mechanism, establish a carbon emission trading cost model;

[0010] Establish a low-carbon operation model for the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model for different load types;

[0011] Based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators.

[0012] Preferably, the integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads, and establishes a demand-side response model including different load types, and the load types in the demand-side response model include: basic load, load that can be shifted, load that can be reduced, and load that can be transferred;

[0013] The base load is an uncontrollable load and requires a full response;

[0014] The load that can be shifted is able to change according to the plan, and the energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods, and the load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is:

[0015] Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for:

[0016] S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S}

[0017] Among them, t s is the total time series;

[0018] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] in, Indicates the compensation factor of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment;

[0021] The load reduction is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the load reduction L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means that the load L can be reduced cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ;

[0024] The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are:

[0025]

[0026] in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions;

[0027] The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows:

[0028]

[0029] in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer;

[0030] The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tranThe transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in A transfer occurs, and the power constraint of the transfer is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in, represents the transferable power at time t, P min tran represents the minimum value of transferable power, P max tran represents the maximum value of transferable power;

[0033] The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time;

[0036] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula:

[0037]

[0038] in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

[0039] Preferably, a carbon emission trading cost model is established according to the carbon trading mechanism, and the carbon emission trading cost model is shown as follows:

[0040]

[0041] in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas;

[0042] Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

[0045] Preferably, the establishment of a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response models of different load types includes:

[0046] The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0047]

[0048] in, are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L base is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, L tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load;

[0049] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0050]

[0051] in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t;

[0052] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0053]

[0054] in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit;

[0055] Set the prime mover constraints to:

[0056]

[0057] The gas boiler constraints are:

[0058]

[0059] The heat exchanger constraints are:

[0060]

[0061] The power purchase constraints of the power grid are:

[0062]

[0063] in, Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output; Indicates the output of the prime mover; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid;

[0064] Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to:

[0065]

[0066] Set the wind energy constraints as:

[0067]

[0068] in, Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; Wind energy output;

[0069] Set constraints for energy storage devices:

[0070]

[0071] in, are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

[0072] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the economic performance indicators are:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas , operating costs of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs

[0075] The electricity purchase cost Calculation formula:

[0076]

[0077] in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T is the time period;

[0078] The electricity sales cost Calculation formula:

[0079]

[0080] in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid:

[0081] The gas purchase cost calculation formula is:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gasis the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively;

[0084] The operating cost of the renewable energy source C re Calculation formula:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power

[0087] Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cut And the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is:

[0088] C l =C shift +C tran +C cut

[0089] The depreciation cost C of the electricity storage device ees Calculation formula:

[0090]

[0091] The depreciation cost C of the heat storage equipment tes Calculation formula:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

[0094] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the reliability performance indicators are:

[0095] Determine energy complementarity:

[0096]

[0097] Determine the peak-to-valley ratio:

[0098]

[0099] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand;

[0100] Determine the volatility of new energy sources:

[0101]

[0102] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

[0103] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the environmental performance indicators are:

[0104] The calculation formula of electricity emission is:

[0105]

[0106] Where, ΣQ carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; Σ(E grid +E pm ) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

[0107] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the system comprising:

[0108] The first establishment unit is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads and establish a demand side response model including different load types;

[0109] The second establishment unit is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism;

[0110] The third establishment unit is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model of different load types;

[0111] The result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system.

[0112] Preferably, the first establishing unit is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads, and to establish a demand-side response model including different load types, wherein the load types in the demand-side response model include: basic load, load that can be shifted, load that can be reduced, and load that can be transferred;

[0113] The base load is an uncontrollable load and requires a full response;

[0114] The load that can be shifted is able to change according to the plan, and the energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods, and the load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is:

[0115] Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for:

[0116] S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S}

[0117] Among them, t s is the total time series;

[0118] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula:

[0119]

[0120] in, Indicates the compensation factor of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment;

[0121] The load reduction is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the load reduction L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ=1 means that the load L can be reduced cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ;

[0124] The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are:

[0125]

[0126] in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions;

[0127] The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows:

[0128]

[0129] in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer;

[0130] The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tran The transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in A transfer occurs, and the power constraint of the transfer is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula:

[0133]

[0134] in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time;

[0135] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula:

[0136]

[0137] in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

[0138] Preferably, the second establishing unit is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism, and the carbon emission trading cost model is shown in the following formula:

[0139]

[0140] in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas;

[0141] Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

[0144] Preferably, the third establishing unit is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response models of different load types, including:

[0145] The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0146]

[0147] in, are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L abse is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, L tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load;

[0148] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0149]

[0150] in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t;

[0151] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0152]

[0153] in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit;

[0154] Set the prime mover constraints to:

[0155]

[0156] The gas boiler constraints are:

[0157]

[0158] The heat exchanger constraints are:

[0159]

[0160] The power purchase constraints of the power grid are:

[0161]

[0162] in, Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output; Indicates the output of the prime mover; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid;

[0163] Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to:

[0164]

[0165] Set the wind energy constraints as:

[0166]

[0167] in, Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; Wind energy output;

[0168] Set constraints for energy storage devices:

[0169]

[0170] in, are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

[0171] Preferably, the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the economic performance indicators are:

[0172]

[0173] Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost Cgas , operating costs of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs

[0174] The electricity purchase cost Calculation formula:

[0175]

[0176] in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T represents the time period;

[0177] The electricity sales cost Calculation formula:

[0178]

[0179] in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid:

[0180] The gas purchase cost calculation formula is:

[0181]

[0182] Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively;

[0183] The operating cost of the renewable energy source C re Calculation formula:

[0184]

[0185] Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power

[0186] Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cutAnd the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is:

[0187] C l =C shift +C tran +C cut

[0188] The depreciation cost C of the electricity storage device ees Calculation formula:

[0189]

[0190] The depreciation cost C of the heat storage equipment tes Calculation formula:

[0191]

[0192] Among them, K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

[0193] Preferably, the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the reliability performance indicators are:

[0194] Determine energy complementarity:

[0195]

[0196] Determine the peak-to-valley ratio:

[0197]

[0198] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand;

[0199] Determine the volatility of new energy sources:

[0200]

[0201] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

[0202] Preferably, the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the environmental performance indicators are:

[0203] The calculation formula of electricity emission is:

[0204]

[0205] Among them, ∑Q carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; ∑(E grid +E pm ) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

[0206] The technical solution of the present invention provides a method and system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, wherein the method includes: the integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads, and establishes a demand-side response model including different load types; according to the carbon trading mechanism, a carbon emission trading cost model is established; a low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system matching the demand-side response model of different load types is established; based on the carbon emission trading cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators. The technical solution of the present invention proposes a method for constructing a low-carbon operation and evaluation method for an integrated energy system that considers carbon trading costs and flexible electricity and heat load scheduling. The technical solution of the present invention can be applied to regional integrated energy systems, large industrial parks, etc. as an auxiliary decision-making support for the low-carbon regulation and operation of the integrated energy system, providing low-carbon operation decision-making and evaluation services, improving carbon management capabilities, and can also be promoted as a scientific research tool for various scientific research institutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0207] A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be obtained by referring to the following drawings:

[0208] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0209] Figure 2A schematic diagram of economic analysis of different scenarios according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0210] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cost ratio of the system in different scenarios according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0211] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of system reliability in different scenarios according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0212] Figure 5 A diagram of the power emission of the system in different scenarios according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0213] Figure 6 A flow chart of a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

[0214] Figure 7 This is a system structure diagram of low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0215] Now, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to disclose the present invention in detail and completely and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terms used in the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the present invention. In the accompanying drawings, the same units / elements are marked with the same reference numerals.

[0216] Unless otherwise specified, the terms (including technical terms) used herein have the commonly understood meanings to those skilled in the art. In addition, it is understood that the terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have the same meanings as those in the context of the relevant fields, and should not be understood as idealized or overly formal meanings.

[0217] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0218] The present invention proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an integrated energy system that takes demand-side response into consideration. The present invention takes the minimum total operating cost of the integrated energy system as the goal, while taking into account the transferability and reducibility of electric and thermal flexible loads, establishes an optimization scheduling model for an integrated energy system that takes into account user-side flexible loads, and comprehensively evaluates the performance of the system from three aspects: economic performance, reliability performance, and environmental performance. This provides a reference for the low-carbon operation and performance evaluation of electric and thermal integrated energy systems.

[0219] The present invention provides a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the method comprising:

[0220] Step 101: The integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads and establishes a demand side response model including different load types;

[0221] Preferably, the integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads, and establishes a demand side response model including different load types, and the load types in the demand side response model include: basic load, load that can be shifted, load that can be reduced, and load that can be transferred;

[0222] Base loads are loads that cannot be controlled and require full response;

[0223] The load can be shifted as planned. The energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods. The load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is:

[0224] Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for:

[0225] S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S}

[0226] Among them, t s is the total time series;

[0227] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula:

[0228]

[0229] in, Indicates the compensation factor of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment;

[0230] The ability to reduce load is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the ability to reduce load L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means that the load L can be reduced cutIf it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is:

[0231]

[0232] Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ;

[0233] The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are:

[0234]

[0235] in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions;

[0236] The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows:

[0237]

[0238] in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer;

[0239] The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred is L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tran The transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in When a transfer occurs, the power constraint of the transfer is shown in formula (8):

[0240]

[0241] The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula:

[0242]

[0243] in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time;

[0244] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula:

[0245]

[0246] in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

[0247] The present invention constructs a demand-side response model.

[0248] The integrated energy system of the present invention can divide loads into four categories according to the way in which user loads participate in demand response: basic loads, loads that can be shifted, loads that can be reduced, and loads that can be transferred.

[0249] 1) Basic load

[0250] The basic load is an uncontrollable load that fully responds to user demand. The user's energy usage method and time are fixed and cannot be changed by the system.

[0251] 2) Ability to translate loads

[0252] The energy supply time of the system can be changed according to the plan, and the energy consumption time of the user spans multiple scheduling periods, but the load must be shifted as a whole. In order to ensure the rationality of user load shifting, the system shiftable time period constraint must be set. Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1h, the shiftable time interval within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the translatable load is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for:

[0253] S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S} (1)

[0254] The cost to compensate the user after the load shifts is shown in formula (2):

[0255]

[0256] In the formula, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load shift, ￥￥ / kW; Represents the sum of the power shifted during time period T, kW.

[0257] 3) Ability to reduce load

[0258] The ability to reduce load reduces the user's electricity consumption, can withstand certain interruptions or power reductions, and reduce the load of the time it runs, and can partially or completely reduce it according to supply and demand conditions. The 0-1 variable γ represents the load that can be reduced L cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means L cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load that can be reduced is considered to participate in the dispatch is:

[0259]

[0260] In the formula, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates L cut The power in the τ period before participating in scheduling, kW.

[0261] In order to ensure that load reduction is carried out reasonably and to take into account user satisfaction, it is necessary to constrain the upper and lower limits of the reduction time and the number of reductions. The constraints on the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time and number of reductions are:

[0262]

[0263] In the above formulas, is the minimum continuous reduction time, h; is the maximum continuous reduction time, h; N max is the maximum number of reductions.

[0264] The compensation cost of load reduction is shown in formula (7):

[0265]

[0266] In the formula Indicates the compensation coefficient for unit power load transfer, RMB / kW.

[0267] 4) Ability to transfer load

[0268] The energy consumption of users in each time period can be adjusted flexibly, but the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer must be equal to that before the transfer. Assume that the load L can be transferred tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], and use the 0-1 variable β to represent L tran The transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in When a transfer occurs, the power constraint of the transfer is shown in formula (8):

[0269]

[0270] In order to avoid frequent start and stop of equipment, it is necessary to constrain the minimum continuous operation time of the transferred load, as shown in formula (9):

[0271]

[0272] In the formula, Indicates the minimum continuous running time, h.

[0273] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by formula (10):

[0274]

[0275] In the formula, Indicates the compensation coefficient for unit power load transfer, RMB / kW.

[0276] Step 102: Establish a carbon emission trading cost model based on the carbon trading mechanism;

[0277] Preferably, a carbon emission trading cost model is established according to the carbon trading mechanism. The carbon emission trading cost model is shown as follows:

[0278]

[0279] in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas;

[0280] Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated:

[0281]

[0282] Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

[0283] A carbon emission trading model is established in the present invention.

[0284] Carbon trading in the present invention is a trading mechanism that allows the buying and selling of carbon emission rights in the market. By commercializing carbon emission rights, the carbon trading mechanism promotes the optimization of energy structure and the improvement of energy utilization efficiency, thereby achieving the effect of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Government departments distribute carbon emission quotas to all carbon emission sources. If the emissions of carbon emission sources are within the given quota, they can sell excess quotas in the carbon trading market. However, if the carbon emissions exceed the given quota, the excess needs to be purchased from the carbon trading market. Under the carbon trading system, in order to maximize economic benefits, carbon emission enterprises will actively take effective energy-saving and emission reduction measures.

[0285] Based on the above carbon trading mechanism, the present invention establishes a comprehensive energy system carbon trading cost model as shown in formula (11):

[0286]

[0287] In the formula is the carbon trading cost, If it is positive, it means that the carbon emission exceeds the limit and the carbon emission quota must be purchased; If it is negative, it means that the carbon emission quota is sold to obtain income; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas respectively.

[0288] Considering that the carbon emissions in the system are generated in the production, transportation and use processes of various energy sources, the present invention adopts a two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the comprehensive energy system. The calculation method is shown in formula (12):

[0289]

[0290] In the formula Ω Represents a collection of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment, g / (kW·h); is the carbon emission coefficient of the i-th energy equipment corresponding to the energy use stage, g / (kW·h); P represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

[0291] Step 103: Establishing a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model of different load types;

[0292] Preferably, a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system is established that matches the demand-side response model of different load types, including:

[0293] The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0294]

[0295] in, are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L base is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, L tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load;

[0296] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0297]

[0298] in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t;

[0299] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0300]

[0301]

[0302] in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit;

[0303] Set the prime mover constraints to:

[0304]

[0305] The gas boiler constraints are:

[0306]

[0307] The heat exchanger constraints are:

[0308]

[0309] The power purchase constraints of the power grid are:

[0310]

[0311] in, Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output; Indicates the output of the prime mover; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid;

[0312] Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to:

[0313]

[0314] Set the wind energy constraints as:

[0315]

[0316] in, Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; Wind energy output;

[0317] Set constraints for energy storage devices:

[0318]

[0319]

[0320] in, are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

[0321] The present invention establishes a low-carbon operation model for a comprehensive energy system.

[0322] In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the integrated energy system, its operation needs to meet the supply and demand matching between the system and user load requirements, that is, to meet the constraints of electrical energy balance, thermal energy balance, and storage and release power balance.

[0323] The power balance constraint between the system and the user is shown in formula (13).

[0324]

[0325] In the formula are the photovoltaic power, electrical load demand and wind power at time t, kW respectively.

[0326] The thermal energy balance constraint between the system and the user is shown in formula (14).

[0327]

[0328] In the formula is the heat energy provided by the system’s heat exchanger at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t, kW; They represent the base load, shiftable load and reducible load in the heat load, kW respectively.

[0329] The waste heat recovery and thermal energy balance constraints of the system are shown in formula (15).

[0330]

[0331] In the formula is the waste heat energy generated by the system's prime mover at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit.

[0332] In order to ensure the stable operation of the system, its operation is subject to the upper and lower limits of the output of each device. The upper and lower limit constraints of each device in the system are shown in equations (16 to 19). Equation (16) is the prime mover constraint; equation (17) is the gas boiler constraint; equation (18) is the heat exchanger constraint; and equation (19) is the power purchase constraint of the power grid.

[0333]

[0334] In the formula They represent the upper and lower limits of the system's prime mover's output respectively; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid.

[0335] The upper and lower limit constraints of photovoltaic energy and wind energy are shown in equations (20) and (21):

[0336]

[0337] In the formula Respectively represent the maximum power of photovoltaic energy and wind energy output, kW.

[0338] The constraints of the energy storage device are shown in equations (22) to (27).

[0339]

[0340] in, are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; λ and μ are the dual variables of the equality constraint and inequality constraint respectively, which are 0-1 variables; It is an auxiliary binary variable, which is a 0-1 variable.

[0341] Step 104: Based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators, and reliability indicators.

[0342] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspectives of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the economic performance indicators are:

[0343]

[0344] Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas 、Operation cost of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , Depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs

[0345] Power purchase cost Calculation formula:

[0346]

[0347] in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T represents the time period;

[0348] Electricity sales cost Calculation formula:

[0349]

[0350] in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid:

[0351] Gas purchase cost calculation formula:

[0352]

[0353] Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively;

[0354] Operating costs of renewable energy sources C re Calculation formula:

[0355]

[0356] Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power

[0357] Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cut And the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is:

[0358] C l =C shift +C tran +C cut

[0359] Depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees Calculation formula:

[0360]

[0361] Depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes Calculation formula:

[0362]

[0363] Among them, Kees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

[0364] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspectives of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the reliability performance indicators are:

[0365] Determine energy complementarity:

[0366]

[0367] Determine the peak-to-valley ratio:

[0368]

[0369] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand;

[0370] Determine the volatility of new energy sources:

[0371]

[0372] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

[0373] Preferably, based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspectives of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators, wherein the environmental performance indicators are:

[0374] The calculation formula of electricity emission is:

[0375]

[0376] Where, ΣQ carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; Σ(Egrid +E pm ) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

[0377] The invention provides a comprehensive energy system evaluation method.

[0378] At present, the evaluation of the comprehensive energy system mainly focuses on the three aspects of economy, environment and system operation reliability. Therefore, the present invention selects the economic performance index, environmental performance index and reliability index of the energy system to evaluate the overall performance of the system.

[0379] 1) Economic performance indicators

[0380] The economic optimization operation of the integrated energy system takes into account the flexible load on the user side and carbon trading. Its purpose is to reasonably arrange the output of controllable units, flexibly dispatch the flexible load on the user side, and use energy storage technology to minimize the comprehensive economic cost of the combined heat and power system in daily operation, while meeting the constraints of each unit of the energy system and the carbon trading mechanism and allowing wind power and photovoltaic power. The present invention optimizes scheduling based on the predicted curves of electric load, heat load, wind power and photovoltaic power in the next 24 hours.

[0381] The present invention mainly controls the operating costs of system users. The operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas , the operating cost of renewable energy, the compensation cost of flexible load optimization on the user side, the depreciation cost of energy storage devices, and the carbon trading cost. The decision variable is the output power of each device in the system. The calculation method for characterizing the operating cost of the integrated energy system is shown in formula (28), and the specific calculation of each indicator is given by formulas (29) to (35).

[0382]

[0383] The system's electricity purchase cost from the municipal power grid is calculated as shown in formula (29):

[0384]

[0385] In the formula is the price of the municipal power grid, It is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid.

[0386] The calculation of the electricity sales fee of the system to the municipal power grid is shown in formula (30):

[0387]

[0388] In the formula is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid:

[0389] The gas cost of the system mainly comes from the gas turbine and gas boiler. The cost calculation is shown in formula (31):

[0390]

[0391] Where p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively.

[0392] The operating cost of the renewable energy system is calculated as shown in formula (32):

[0393]

[0394] Where K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power, kW;

[0395] The total compensation cost of the system's electrical and thermal flexible load optimization is calculated as shown in formula (33):

[0396] C l =C shift +C tran +C cut (33)

[0397] The depreciation cost of the system's electricity and heat storage equipment is calculated as shown in equations (34) and (35):

[0398]

[0399] Where K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device, charging is positive and discharging is negative, kW; It represents the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment, where heat storage is positive and heat release is negative, kW.

[0400] 2) Reliability performance indicators

[0401] The present invention mainly evaluates the reliability of the comprehensive energy system from three aspects: complementary performance of energy, peak-to-valley difference rate, and volatility of new energy. The specific calculation method is shown in (36) to (37).

[0402] (1) Energy complementarity

[0403]

[0404] (2) Peak-to-valley difference

[0405]

[0406] In the formula, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; They represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand respectively.

[0407] (3) Volatility of new energy

[0408]

[0409] In the formula, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine;

[0410] 3) Low carbon performance indicators

[0411] The low-carbon performance indicators of the integrated energy system are mainly the system's carbon dioxide emissions and electricity emissions. The carbon dioxide emissions are given by formula (12); the calculation of electricity emissions is shown in formula (39).

[0412]

[0413] In the formula, ∑Q carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions of the system; ∑(E grid +E pm ) represents the sum of the total grid power consumption and gas turbine power generation of the system.

[0414] This invention takes the integrated energy system of a community in Beijing as the research object, selects the electric and thermal load demand of a typical day in winter, and takes the time interval as 1h. The parameters of each flexible electric and thermal load of the user are shown in Tables 1 to 3. Table 4 shows the carbon emission coefficient and carbon emission quota coefficient involved in the two-stage carbon emission measurement method. The total carbon emission coefficient is the sum of the two-stage carbon emission coefficients. Assume that the carbon trading price is 150 yuan / t. The price of the municipal power grid adopts the time-of-use electricity price.

[0415] Table 1 Translable electrical and thermal load parameters

[0416]

[0417] Table 2 Transferable electrical load parameters

[0418]

[0419] Table 3 Parameters of electrical load that can be reduced

[0420]

[0421] Table 4 Carbon emission coefficient and quota coefficient

[0422]

[0423] In order to verify the impact of flexible load on the integrated energy system, five scenarios are set for comparative analysis:

[0424] Scenario 1: Carbon trading costs are not considered, and flexible loads are not considered to participate in system optimization scheduling;

[0425] Scenario 2: Only carbon trading costs are considered, without considering the situation where flexible loads participate in system optimization scheduling;

[0426] Scenario 3: Considering the carbon trading cost, only the flexible electricity load is considered to participate in the system optimization dispatch;

[0427] Scenario 4: Considering the carbon trading cost, only the flexible heat load is considered to participate in the system optimization scheduling;

[0428] Scenario 5: Considering the carbon trading costs, and considering the situation where flexible electricity and heat loads participate in system optimization scheduling.

[0429] The goal of the constructed integrated energy system considering demand response is low-carbon economic operation, and the established optimization scheduling model is a mixed integer nonlinear model.

[0430] The present invention performs economic performance analysis.

[0431] In the five scenarios, the economic efficiency of the system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2It can be seen that scenario 1 does not consider carbon trading costs or flexible load scheduling, and its total cost is the highest at 4,047 yuan. Compared with scenario 1, scenario 2, which only considers carbon trading costs, has a cost reduction of 9.83%. This shows that when carbon trading costs are considered, the total cost of the system can be reduced. Scenarios 3 and 4 consider flexible electric load and flexible thermal load scheduling respectively on the basis of scenario 2. Compared with scenario 2, the total cost of the system in scenarios 3 and 4 is reduced by 5.95% and 2.22%, respectively. It can be seen that considering flexible load scheduling can further reduce the total cost of the system. The electricity purchase cost in scenario 4 is higher than that in scenario 3, so the total cost of the system is higher than that in scenario 3, that is, the impact on the system when considering flexible electric load scheduling is greater. In scenario 5, both carbon trading costs and flexible electric and thermal load scheduling are considered, and the total cost of the system is the lowest among the five scenarios. Compared with the other four scenarios, the total cost of the system in scenario 5 is reduced by 18.04%, 9.1%, 3.35% and 7.03%, respectively. When carbon trading costs and flexible electric and thermal load scheduling are considered at the same time, the system's carbon trading costs, electricity purchase costs and renewable energy operating costs are greatly reduced, thereby reducing the total cost of the system.

[0432] The distribution of system costs in different scenarios is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 It can be seen that the cost of the system in scenario 1 mainly comes from the purchase of electricity from the power grid; followed by gas costs and the operating costs of renewable energy; the smallest proportion is the energy storage cost. After considering carbon trading costs and flexible load scheduling, the operating costs of renewable energy in scenarios 2 to 5 account for the highest proportion, followed by gas costs, electricity purchase costs, energy storage costs and carbon trading costs. Considering carbon trading costs and flexible load scheduling promotes the consumption of renewable energy, reduces the power purchase costs of the power grid, and increases the operating costs of renewable energy.

[0433] The present invention performs reliability performance analysis.

[0434] The results of system reliability are as follows Figure 4As shown in the figure. As can be seen from the figure, compared with scenario 1, the energy complementarity of the system is greatly improved in scenarios 2 to 4, mainly because the system promotes the consumption of renewable energy when considering carbon trading costs and flexible loads. Since scenario 2 only considers carbon trading costs, the peak-to-valley difference rate of the system's load is the same as that of scenario 1. When considering flexible loads, the user's load tends to be smooth, so the peak-to-valley difference rate of the system gradually increases. It can be seen from scenarios 3 and 4 that when considering flexible thermal load response, the peak-to-valley difference rate of the system is higher than that of only considering flexible electric load response. In addition, when considering carbon trading costs and flexible load responses, the load demand is optimized, the change curve tends to be smooth, and the output fluctuation of renewable energy in the system is small. Therefore, the volatility of new energy in the other four scenarios is higher than that in scenario 1. From scenario 1 to scenario 5, the overall reliability of the system gradually increases, which are 0.60, 0.66, 0.69, 0.70 and 0.72 respectively. Compared with scenario 1, the overall reliability of the system in scenarios 2 to 4 increases by 10%, 15%, 16.67% and 20% respectively.

[0435] The present invention performs environmental performance analysis.

[0436] Under the five scenarios, the total carbon emissions of the system are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 It can be seen that scenario 1 does not consider carbon trading costs or flexible load scheduling, and its total carbon emissions are the highest at 1437kg tons. Compared with scenario 1, scenario 2, which only considers carbon trading costs, has a total carbon emission reduction of 56.25%. This shows that when carbon trading costs are considered, the carbon emissions of the system can be reduced. Scenarios 3 and 4 consider flexible electric load and flexible thermal load scheduling respectively on the basis of scenario 2. Compared with scenario 2, the total carbon emissions of the system in scenarios 3 and 4 are reduced by 17.46% and 3.17% respectively. It can be seen that considering flexible load scheduling can further reduce the carbon emissions of the system. The electricity purchase cost in scenario 4 is higher than that in scenario 3, so the carbon emissions of the system are higher than those in scenario 3, that is, the impact on the system when considering flexible electric load scheduling is greater. In scenario 5, both carbon trading costs and flexible electric and thermal load scheduling are considered, and the total carbon emissions of the system are the lowest. Compared with the other four scenarios, the total carbon emissions of the system in scenario 5 are reduced by 65.28%, 20.63%, 3.85% and 18.03% respectively. From Table 6, we can see that when carbon trading costs and flexible electric and thermal load scheduling are considered at the same time, the system's carbon trading costs, electricity purchase costs, and renewable energy operating costs are greatly reduced, thereby reducing the system's total carbon emissions. Figure 5 It can also be seen that the system's per-kilowatt-hour emissions are also reduced when carbon emissions and flexible load response are considered.

[0437] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a low-carbon operation and evaluation method for an integrated energy system that takes into account carbon trading costs and flexible electricity and heat load scheduling. Combined with this method, low-carbon operation and evaluation software for an integrated energy system that takes into account carbon trading and demand response can be developed. As an auxiliary decision-making support for the low-carbon regulation and operation of the integrated energy system, it can be applied to regional integrated energy systems, large industrial parks, etc., to provide low-carbon operation decision-making and evaluation services, enhance carbon management capabilities, and can also be promoted as a scientific research tool for various scientific research institutions.

[0438] Figure 7 This is a system structure diagram of low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0439] like Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the system comprising:

[0440] The first establishing unit 701 is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads and establish a demand side response model including different load types;

[0441] Preferably, the first establishing unit 701 is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads, and to establish a demand side response model including different load types, wherein the load types in the demand side response model include: basic load, load that can be shifted, load that can be reduced, and load that can be transferred;

[0442] Base loads are loads that cannot be controlled and require full response;

[0443] The load can be shifted as planned. The energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods. The load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is:

[0444] Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for:

[0445] S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S}

[0446] Among them, t s is the total time series;

[0447] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula:

[0448]

[0449] in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment;

[0450] The ability to reduce load is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the ability to reduce load L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means that the load L can be reduced cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is:

[0451]

[0452] Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ;

[0453] The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are:

[0454]

[0455] in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions;

[0456] The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows:

[0457]

[0458] in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer;

[0459] The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred is L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tranThe transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in When a transfer occurs, the power constraint of the transfer is shown in formula (8):

[0460]

[0461] in, represents the transferable power at time t, P min tran represents the minimum value of transferable power, P max tran represents the maximum value of transferable power;

[0462] The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula:

[0463]

[0464] in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time;

[0465] Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula:

[0466]

[0467] in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

[0468] The second establishing unit 702 is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism;

[0469] Preferably, the second establishing unit 702 is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism. The carbon emission trading cost model is shown in the following formula:

[0470]

[0471] in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas;

[0472] Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated:

[0473]

[0474] Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

[0475] The third establishing unit 703 is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model of different load types;

[0476] Preferably, the third establishing unit 703 is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model of different load types, including:

[0477] The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0478]

[0479] in, are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L base is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, L tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load;

[0480] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0481]

[0482] in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t;

[0483] The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is:

[0484]

[0485] in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit;

[0486] Set the prime mover constraint to:

[0487]

[0488] The gas boiler constraints are:

[0489]

[0490] The heat exchanger constraints are:

[0491]

[0492] The power purchase constraints of the power grid are:

[0493]

[0494] in, They represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output respectively; Indicates the output of the prime mover; Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid;

[0495] Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to:

[0496]

[0497] Set the wind energy constraints as:

[0498]

[0499] in, Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; Wind energy output;

[0500] Set constraints for energy storage devices:

[0501]

[0502]

[0503] in, are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

[0504] The result unit 704 is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system.

[0505] Preferably, the result unit 704 is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the economic performance indicators are:

[0506]

[0507] Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas , operating costs of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs

[0508] Power purchase cost Calculation formula:

[0509]

[0510] in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T represents the time period;

[0511] Electricity sales cost Calculation formula:

[0512]

[0513] in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid:

[0514] Gas purchase cost calculation formula:

[0515]

[0516] Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively;

[0517] Operating costs of renewable energy sources C re Calculation formula:

[0518]

[0519] Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power

[0520] Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cut And the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is:

[0521] C l =C shift +C tran +C cut

[0522] Depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees Calculation formula:

[0523]

[0524] Depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes Calculation formula:

[0525]

[0526] Among them, K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

[0527] Preferably, the result unit 704 is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the reliability performance indicators are:

[0528] Determine energy complementarity:

[0529]

[0530] Determine the peak-to-valley ratio:

[0531]

[0532] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand;

[0533] Determine the volatility of new energy sources:

[0534]

[0535] in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

[0536] Preferably, the result unit 704 is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein the environmental performance indicators are:

[0537] The calculation formula of electricity emission is:

[0538]

[0539] Where, ΣQ carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; Σ(E grid +E pm) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

[0540] A system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response in a preferred embodiment of the present invention corresponds to a method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0541] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes. The schemes in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java and literal scripting language JavaScript, etc.

[0542] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0543] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0544] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0545] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0546] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

[0547] The invention has been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, it is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended patent claims.

[0548] Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a / / the [means, component, etc.]" are to be openly interpreted as at least one instance of a means, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not necessarily have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Claims

1. A method for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the method comprising: The integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads and establishes a demand-side response model including different load types; According to the carbon trading mechanism, establish a carbon emission trading cost model; Establish a low-carbon operation model for the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model for different load types; Based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators.

2. According to the method of claim 1, the integrated energy system participates in demand response according to user loads, and establishes a demand-side response model including different load types, and the load types in the demand-side response model include: base load, able to translate load, able to cut load, and able to transfer load; The base load is an uncontrollable load and requires a full response; The load that can be shifted is able to change according to the plan, and the energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods, and the load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is: Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh -,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for: S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S } Among them, t s is the total time series; Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula: in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment; The load reduction is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the load reduction L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means that the load L can be reduced cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is: Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ; The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are: in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions; The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows: in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer; The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr -,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tran The transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in A transfer occurs, and the power constraint of the transfer is: in, represents the transferable power at time t, P min tran represents the minimum value of transferable power, P max tran represents the maximum value of transferable power; The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula: in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time; Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula: in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

3. According to the method of claim 1, a carbon emission trading cost model is established based on the carbon trading mechanism, and the carbon emission trading cost model is shown as follows: in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas; Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated: Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

4. According to the method of claim 1, the step of establishing a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response models of different load types comprises: The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, and are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L base is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, L tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load; The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t; The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit; Set the prime mover constraints to: The gas boiler constraints are: The heat exchanger constraints are: The power purchase constraints of the power grid are: in, and They represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output respectively; Indicates the output of the prime mover; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid; Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to: Set the wind energy constraints as: in, and Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; wind energy output; Set constraints for energy storage devices: in, and are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; and is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein: The economic performance indicators are: Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas , operating costs of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs The electricity purchase cost Calculation formula: in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T represents the time period; The electricity sales cost Calculation formula: in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid: The gas purchase cost calculation formula is: Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively; The operating cost of the renewable energy source C re Calculation formula: Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cut And the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is: C l =C shift +C tran +C cut The depreciation cost C of the electricity storage device ees Calculation formula: The depreciation cost C of the heat storage equipment tes Calculation formula: Among them, K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein: The reliability performance index is: Determine energy complementarity performance: Determine the peak-to-valley ratio: in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electric load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand; Determine the volatility of new energy sources: in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the overall performance of the integrated energy system is evaluated from economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the integrated energy system low-carbon operation model, wherein: The environmental performance indicators are: The calculation formula of electricity emission is: Where, ΣQ carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; Σ(E grid +E pm ) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

8. A system for low-carbon operation and evaluation of an integrated energy system based on demand response, the system comprising: The first establishment unit is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads and establish a demand side response model including different load types; The second establishment unit is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism; The third establishment unit is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response model of different load types; The result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the first establishing unit is used for the integrated energy system to participate in demand response according to user loads and establish a demand-side response model including different load types, wherein the load types in the demand-side response model include: base load, able to translate load, able to cut load, and able to transfer load; The base load is an uncontrollable load and requires a full response; The load that can be shifted is able to change according to the plan, and the energy consumption time spans multiple scheduling periods, and the load is shifted as a whole. The shift period harness is: Assuming that the unit scheduling period is 1 hour, the time interval that can be shifted within the scheduling cycle is [t sh- ,t sh+ ], the duration of the load translation is t D , then the starting time set S can be shifted shifh for: S shift =[t sh- ,t sh+ -t D +1]∪{t S } Among them, t s is the total time series; Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift As shown in the following formula: in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load shift; It represents the sum of the power shifted during the T period; t is a certain moment; The load reduction is to partially or completely reduce the user's electricity consumption according to the supply and demand situation. The 0-1 decision variable γ represents the load reduction L. cut The reduction state of a certain period of time τ, γ τ =1 means that the load L can be reduced cut If it is reduced during the τ period, the power during the τ period after the load can be reduced and participate in the dispatch is: Among them, θ τ represents the load reduction factor during the τ period; θ τ ∈[0,1]; Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The power in the τ period before the scheduling; γ τ Indicates that the load L can be reduced cut The reduction variable in the period τ; The constraints for setting the maximum reduction time, minimum reduction time, and number of reductions are: in, is the minimum continuous reduction time; is the maximum continuous reduction time; N max is the maximum number of reductions; The compensation cost of load reduction can be calculated as follows: in, It represents the compensation factor of unit power load transfer; The load that can be transferred is that the energy of the user in each time period can be adjusted, and the total amount of the entire cycle after the load transfer is equal to that before the transfer; Assume that the load that can be transferred L tran The transfer period interval is [t tr- ,t tr+ ], using a 0-1 decision variable β to represent L tran The transition state of a certain period of time τ, β τ =1 means that L tran Power in A transfer occurs, and the power constraint of the transfer is: Among them, P t tran represents the transferable power at time t, P min tran represents the minimum value of transferable power, P max tran represents the maximum value of transferable power; The minimum continuous operation time of the load transfer is constrained as shown in the following formula: in, Indicates the minimum continuous running time; Then the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran Determined by the following formula: in, Indicates the compensation coefficient of unit power load transfer; t tr is the lower limit of the transfer period, t tr+ The upper limit of the transfer period.

10. The system according to claim 8, wherein the second establishing unit is used to establish a carbon emission trading cost model according to the carbon trading mechanism, and the carbon emission trading cost model is shown in the following formula: in, is the carbon trading cost; C t Indicates the carbon trading market price on that day; E out 、E all They are total CO2 emissions and carbon emission quotas; Based on the two-stage method to measure the carbon emissions of the integrated energy system, the following formula is calculated: Among them, Ω represents the set of energy equipment, including energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment; It represents the carbon emission coefficient of the energy production and transportation stage corresponding to the i-th energy equipment; is the carbon emission coefficient of the energy use stage of the i-th energy equipment; P i Represents the operating output of the i-th energy equipment.

11. The system according to claim 8, wherein the third establishing unit is used to establish a low-carbon operation model of an integrated energy system that matches the demand-side response models of different load types, comprising: The power balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, and are the photovoltaic power, load demand and wind power at time t, is the output of the prime mover at time t, is the purchased electricity at time t, is the electric energy storage power at time t, is the electricity sold at time t, L base is the basic load, L shift To be able to translate the load, I tran To be able to transfer load, L cut To be able to reduce load; The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, is the heat energy provided by the heat exchanger of the integrated energy system at time t; represents the heat load demand of the user at time t; They represent the basic load, load that can be shifted, and load that can be reduced in the heat load respectively; is the gas boiler power at time t; is the thermal energy storage power at time t; The thermal energy balance constraint of the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system is: in, is the waste heat energy generated by the prime mover of the integrated energy system at time t, kW; η he is the efficiency of the heat exchanger; R is the output heat-to-electricity ratio of the prime mover; η hr is the efficiency of the waste heat recovery unit; Set the prime mover constraint to: The gas boiler constraints are: The heat exchanger constraints are: The power purchase constraints of the power grid are: in, and They represent the upper and lower limits of the prime mover’s output respectively; Indicates the output of the prime mover; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the gas boiler output; Indicates the output of the gas boiler; and Respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the heat exchanger output; Indicates the output of the heat exchanger; Indicates the maximum output value of the municipal power grid; Indicates the output of the municipal power grid; Set the photovoltaic energy constraint to: Set the wind energy constraints as: in, and Respectively represent the maximum power output of photovoltaic energy and wind energy; Indicates the output of photovoltaic energy; wind energy output; Set constraints for energy storage devices: in, and are the maximum energy storage power of the energy storage device respectively; and is an auxiliary binary variable, a 0-1 decision variable, taking the value 0 or 1; Determine whether electricity has been purchased or not; Determine whether electricity is sold or not sold; Determine whether heat energy has been purchased or not; Determine whether heat is sold or not sold; represents the electricity purchased at time t, represents the sale of electricity at time t, Indicates the purchase of heat energy at time t; Indicates the heat energy sold at time t.

12. The system according to claim 8, wherein the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein: The economic performance indicators are: Among them, the operating costs mainly include the cost of purchasing electricity Electricity sales cost Gas purchase cost C gas , operating costs of renewable energy re , the compensation cost of user-side flexible load optimization C1, the depreciation cost of power storage equipment C ees , depreciation cost of heat storage equipment C tes , Carbon trading costs The electricity purchase cost Calculation formula: in, is the price of the municipal power grid, is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid; T represents the time period; The electricity sales cost Calculation formula: in, is the price of electricity sold to the municipal grid. is the amount of electricity provided by the municipal power grid: The gas purchase cost calculation formula is: Among them, p gas is the price of natural gas; is the output power of the prime mover; is the output thermal power of the gas boiler; L gas is the lower calorific value of natural gas; η pm and η gb are the efficiencies of the prime mover and gas boiler respectively; The operating cost of the renewable energy source C re Calculation formula: Among them, K w , K pv represent the operating cost coefficients of wind turbines and photovoltaic units respectively; Respectively represent wind turbine and photovoltaic output power Determine the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load shifts shift 、Compensation cost of load reduction C cut And the cost C that needs to be compensated to the user after the load is transferred tran The total compensation cost is: C l =C shift +C tran +C cut The depreciation cost C of the electricity storage device ees Calculation formula: The depreciation cost C of the heat storage equipment tes Calculation formula: Among them, K ees , K tes depreciation coefficients of electricity storage and heat storage equipment respectively; Indicates the charging and discharging power of the power storage device; Indicates the heat storage and release power of the heat storage equipment.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein: The reliability performance index is: Determine energy complementarity performance: Determine the peak-to-valley ratio: in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's electrical load demand; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum values ​​of the user's heat load demand; E w Indicates the output of wind turbine; E pv Indicates the output of photovoltaic units; E load Indicates user load demand; Determine the volatility of new energy sources: in, Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the photovoltaic unit; Respectively represent the maximum and minimum output of the wind turbine; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t; represents the output of the photovoltaic unit at time t-1; Represents the wind turbine output at time t.

14. The system according to claim 8, wherein the result unit is used to evaluate the overall performance of the integrated energy system from the perspective of economic performance indicators, environmental performance indicators and reliability indicators based on the carbon emission transaction cost model and the low-carbon operation model of the integrated energy system, wherein: The environmental performance indicators are: The calculation formula of electricity emission is: Among them, ∑Q carbon Represents the total carbon dioxide emissions; ∑(E grid +E pm ) represents the sum of total grid electricity consumption and gas turbine power generation.

Images