Winding for electric machine, assembly and method for producing winding

Abstract

A winding (110) for an assembly (100) of an electric machine (105), the assembly (100) comprising an annular laminated core (115) having a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) extending axially through the laminated core (115) for receiving a portion of strands of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacently arranged winding layers. The radially innermost inner layer of the winding layer is assigned both a first direction of torsion and a second direction of torsion different from the first direction of torsion, and the radially outermost outer layer of the winding layer is assigned both a first direction of torsion and a second direction of torsion. At least one intermediate layer of the winding layers, which is arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer, is assigned a first direction of twist, and at least one other intermediate layer of the winding layers, which is arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer and is adjacent thereto, is assigned a second direction of twist. A first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) protruding from the intermediate layer is interconnected with a second partial strand (a2) of the winding (110) entering another intermediate layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a winding for an electric machine, a component, an electric machine, a gear mechanism, an electric shaft drive, a motor vehicle and a method for producing a winding. Background Art

[0002] The electric machine may include a component with a winding, for example made of copper wire, for conducting electrical energy to generate a magnetic field. The pitch (tension) of such a flat wire winding, for example, may be achieved based on losses and additional movement on additional wiring elements or on a complete winding layer of the component. Summary of the invention

[0003] Against this background, the invention proposes an improved winding for an electric machine, an improved assembly, an improved electric machine, an improved transmission, an improved electric shaft drive, an improved motor vehicle and an improved method for producing a winding according to the independent claims. Advantageous refinements result from the dependent claims and the following description.

[0004] The winding described here advantageously makes it possible to achieve a reduced axial height and to achieve a maximum saving in copper weight in the winding head.

[0005] A winding for a component of an electric machine, wherein the component comprises an annular lamination stack having a plurality of grooves extending axially through the lamination stack, the grooves being used to accommodate partial strands of the winding, the partial strands being located in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. Here, the radially innermost inner layer of the winding layer is assigned both a first torsion direction and a second torsion direction different from the first torsion direction, and the radially outermost outer layer of the winding layer is assigned both a first torsion direction and a second torsion direction. At least one intermediate layer of the winding layer arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer is assigned the first torsion direction, and at least one further intermediate layer of the winding layer arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer and adjacent to the intermediate layer is assigned the second torsion direction. Here, a first partial strand of the winding extending from the intermediate layer is interconnected with a second partial strand of the winding entering another intermediate layer.

[0006] The motor can be, for example, an electric drive motor or another motor for a vehicle. The motor can include various components, such as a rotor and a stator. The component, such as an annular stator, can be designed as a stack of laminations consisting of a plurality of individual laminations, through which grooves for accommodating partial strands of the winding extend. The grooves can be numbered consecutively along the circumference of the lamination stack, so that a unique position can be assigned to each groove. Each groove can accommodate a plurality of partial strands, which can be arranged radially adjacent to each other in the groove. The number of partial strands that a groove can accommodate can be equal to the number of winding layers. Therefore, the winding layer can represent different sections of the groove. The winding can be, for example, a flat wire winding, and the individual partial strands of the flat wire winding can be designed, for example, as so-called "hairpins" or hairpin wires, i.e., conductive wires with a shape similar to a hairpin. For example, the individual partial strands can be inserted into the corresponding grooves in the lamination stack and interconnected with each other on the torsion side of the winding. Interconnection can be understood, for example, as a conductive connection or a mechanical coupling or bonding. The individual partial strands can be arranged partially in one groove and partially in another groove, wherein the grooves can differ in their radial position along the circumference of the winding layer of the laminated stack, additionally or alternatively in the selected winding layer, so that each partial strand can span a certain section of the assembly. If the laminated stack has, for example, four winding layers, the first partial strand of the winding can be arranged, for example, in a winding layer, for example, in the inner layer, spanning a partial area of ​​the laminated stack on the crown side of the winding, and arranged in the middle layer with a first output section arranged substantially parallel to the first input section, so as to interconnect with the second partial strand on the torsion side of the winding opposite to the crown side. The middle layer can, for example, be a winding layer arranged adjacent to the inner layer, so that the first partial strand can, for example, at least partially span two winding layers. The first partial strand is interconnected with the second partial strand, for example, so that current flows from the first partial strand to the second partial strand. Here, the second partial strand is arranged, for example, in another middle layer, for example, with a second input section, which can, for example, be a winding layer adjacent to the middle layer. Similar to the first part of the strands, the second part of the strands can also span another part of the area of ​​the laminated stack, for example, in another winding layer, for example, in the outer layer, a second output section of the second part of the strands substantially parallel to the second input section can be set. In order to achieve or facilitate the interconnection of the partial strands, different, for example, mutually opposite torsional directions are assigned to each winding layer of the laminated stack. The torsional direction can be understood as the direction or angle in which the end section of the hairpin wire extends from the laminated stack. For example, two wire ends can be interconnected with each other in opposite torsional directions, that is, for example, twisted or twisted with each other. In this way, for the winding introduced here, the first part of the strands is interconnected with the second part of the strands on the torsional side.Since the middle layer is assigned a first torsion direction and the other middle layer is assigned a second torsion direction, these partial strands can extend from the lamination stack at mutually inclined angles on the torsion side and can advantageously be interconnected with each other without difficulty. Since the inner layer and the outer layer are assigned two torsion directions, the partial strands arranged in these winding layers can advantageously be interconnected both within the corresponding winding layer and with other winding layers in different torsion directions. On the other hand, the middle layer and the other middle layer are assigned torsion directions opposite to each other so as to advantageously optimize the interconnection between the middle layers. By interconnecting the partial strands of the winding across different winding layers of the lamination stack, compact wiring and reduced winding head height can be advantageously achieved. As a result, the installation space requirement of the entire assembly and the weight of copper can be minimized as a whole.

[0007] According to one embodiment, the first part of the strands can have a first input section, a first output section, and a first connecting section connecting the first input section and the first output section. Here, the first input section of the first part of the strands can be arranged at the first input position of the first input layer in the winding layer in the first input groove in the groove, and the first output section can be arranged at the first output position of the intermediate layer in the first output groove in the groove, wherein the first input layer can correspond to a winding layer in the winding layer that is different from the intermediate layer. The first input position can be spaced apart from the first output position along the circumference of the winding layer, wherein the first output section can be interconnected with the second part of the strands. For example, the part of the strands can be so-called "hairpins", that is, wires with a shape similar to a hairpin. Here, the first input section and the first output section of the first part of the strands can be understood as two substantially parallel legs of the hairpin wire, which can be interconnected to each other through the connecting section. These legs can be arranged at different radial positions of the lamination stack in different grooves. For example, a first input section can be arranged at a first input position in an input groove of an input layer, wherein the input layer can be, for example, an inner layer or an outer layer, so that part of the strands can be connected there, for example, to a power supply. The input section can extend from the torsion side of the winding through the input groove to the crown side. Along the crown side, a first connecting section can establish a connection with a first output section in an output groove arranged in the middle layer. The output groove can be arranged spaced apart from the input groove along the circumference of the middle layer. For example, six other grooves can be arranged between the input groove and the output groove, so that the connecting section can span both the radial distance between the winding layers and multiple other grooves along the circumference. The second part of the strands and the other part of the strands can be similarly shaped and arranged at different positions similar to the first part of the strands. Advantageously, a winding that evenly spans the entire lamination stack can be achieved thereby.

[0008] According to another embodiment, the first input layer and the intermediate layer can be arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the first input layer can be an inner layer of the laminated stack. Thus, the first partial strands can form a partial winding of the winding, which partially surrounds the inner layer and the adjacently arranged intermediate layer. In a similar manner, for example, the second partial strands can enter, for example, another intermediate layer arranged adjacent to the intermediate layer and protrude in an outer layer arranged adjacent to another intermediate layer, for example, in order to connect each intermediate layer to the winding layer adjacent thereto.

[0009] According to another embodiment, a further intermediate layer can be arranged between the first input layer and the intermediate layer. For example, a first partial strand can enter an outer layer of the laminate stack, cross over a further intermediate layer arranged, for example, adjacent to the outer layer on the crown side of the winding, and extend into an intermediate layer arranged, for example, between the further intermediate layer and the inner layer. From there, the first partial strand can be interconnected with a second partial strand, for example, entering the further intermediate layer. Similar to the first partial strand, a further partial strand can cross over the intermediate layer on the crown side and extend again into the inner layer of the laminate stack.

[0010] According to another embodiment, the second part strand can have a second input section, a second output section and a second connecting section connecting the second input section and the second output section. The second input section can be arranged at the second input position of another middle layer in the second input groove and interconnected with the first output section of the first part strand, and the second output section can be arranged at the second output position of the outer layer or the inner layer in the second output groove. The second input position can be spaced apart from the second output position along the circumference of the winding layer, and the second output section can be interconnected with another first input section of another part strand. Here, the second part strand can, for example, extend similarly to the first part strand so as to span the middle layer both radially and circumferentially spaced apart. However, the interconnection of the second part strand with another first part strand can be carried out in the winding layer, for example, in the inner layer or the outer layer.

[0011] According to another embodiment, another first input section of another first partial strand can be arranged at another first input position in another first input groove. Here, the other first input position can be spaced apart from the second output position along the circumference of one of the winding layers. For example, the interconnection between the second partial strand and the other first partial strand can be carried out in the inner layer or the outer layer, which is different from the interconnection across layers of the first and second partial strands, because these winding layers are assigned both the first torsional direction and the second torsional direction. The second output section and the other first input section can, for example, span multiple grooves or multiple positions along the same winding layer.

[0012] According to another embodiment, the winding may include a plurality of first and second partial strands, which may be connected to one another alternately. Here, the arrangement of the input and output sections and the interconnection of the individual partial strands may be carried out across layers, or in an inner or outer layer, and may follow the previously described pattern of a first partial strand and a second partial strand and a second partial strand and another first partial strand. Advantageously, the winding may thereby be manufactured with a reduced winding head height, a small installation space requirement and minimal material consumption.

[0013] Furthermore, an assembly for an electric machine having a variant of the winding proposed above is proposed. The assembly also includes an annular laminated core having a plurality of radially adjacently arranged winding layers, wherein each winding layer includes a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core, the grooves being used to accommodate partial strands of the winding. With this combination, the advantages described above can be advantageously optimally achieved.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the assembly can include three of the above-mentioned windings. In this case, for example, a separate phase can be guided in each winding, wherein all windings can be wound according to the same winding scheme. Advantageously, a compact assembly can be achieved, and the phases are optimally interconnected.

[0015] The electric machine can include the mentioned component, which can be designed as a stator or a rotor. For example, the component can include three of the mentioned windings.

[0016] The electric motor is suitable, for example, for an electric axle drive. Such an electric axle drive for a motor vehicle comprises at least one of the above-mentioned electric motors, a transmission and a converter. The converter can be designed, for example, as an inverter. Using the converter, the current required for operating the electric motor can be provided. Using the transmission, the torque provided by the electric motor can be converted into a driving torque for driving at least one wheel of the motor vehicle. The transmission can have a transmission for reducing the speed of the electric motor and an optional differential.

[0017] Thus, the motor vehicle can comprise the electric machine and, additionally or alternatively, the electric axle drive.

[0018] Furthermore, a method for producing a variant of the previously proposed winding of a variant of the previously proposed assembly is proposed. The method comprises the step of passing a first portion of the strands of the winding through an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer is assigned a first twisting direction of the winding. Furthermore, the method comprises the step of passing a second portion of the strands further through a further intermediate layer, wherein the further intermediate layer is assigned a second twisting direction of the winding that is different from the first twisting direction. Furthermore, the method comprises the step of interconnecting the first portion of the strands of the winding with the second portion of the strands.

[0019] The method can be implemented, for example, in software or hardware or in a hybrid form of software and hardware, for example in a control unit.

[0020] The scheme proposed here also proposes a kind of device, and this device is designed to be used for carrying out, controlling or implementing the step of the variant of the method proposed here in corresponding mechanism.By implementing this variant of the present invention in the form of device, also can realize purpose of the present invention quickly and effectively.

[0021] To this end, the device may have: at least one computing unit for processing signals or data; at least one storage unit for storing signals or data; at least one interface for a sensor or actuator for reading a sensor signal from a sensor or outputting a data signal or a control signal to an actuator; and / or at least one communication interface for reading or outputting data embedded in a communication protocol. The computing unit may be, for example, a signal processor, a microcontroller, etc., wherein the storage unit may be a flash memory, an EEPROM, or a magnetic storage unit. The communication interface may be designed to read or output data wirelessly and / or wired, wherein a communication interface capable of reading or outputting wired data may, for example, read these data from or output them to a corresponding data transmission line electrically or optically.

[0022] At present, a device can be understood as an electrical device that processes sensor signals and outputs control signals and / or data signals accordingly. The device can have an interface, which can be designed in hardware and / or software. In a hardware-based design, the interface can be, for example, part of a so-called system ASIC, which contains the various functions of the device. However, the interface may also be a separate integrated circuit or at least partially composed of discrete devices. In a software-based design, the interface can be a software module, which, for example, exists on a microcontroller together with other software modules.

[0023] A computer program product or a computer program with a program code is also advantageous, which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier or storage medium (e.g. a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory) and is used to execute, implement and / or control the steps of a method according to one of the above-described embodiments, in particular when the program product or the program is executed on a computer or a device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an assembly of an electric machine with windings according to one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an assembly with a winding according to one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 3 is an oblique top view of an assembly with a winding according to one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 4 is a tabular representation of one embodiment of a winding scheme for a winding;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic top view of an assembly with a winding according to one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 6 is a tabular representation of one embodiment of another winding scheme for windings;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic top view of an assembly with a winding according to one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a first portion of strands according to one embodiment;

[0033] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a winding according to one embodiment;

[0034] Fig.10 shows a motor vehicle according to one embodiment; and

[0035] Fig.11 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a winding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical or similar reference numerals are used for elements that are shown in the various figures and have similar functions, wherein a repeated description of these elements is omitted.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic side view of an assembly 100 of an electric machine 105 according to one embodiment is shown, with a winding 110. The assembly 100 is designed merely as a stator by way of example and comprises an annular laminate stack 115 with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminate stack 115 for accommodating partial wire strands of the winding 110 in a plurality of radially adjacently arranged winding layers.

[0038] Here, the radially innermost layer of the winding layer is assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction different from the first twist direction, and the radially outermost layer of the winding layer is assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction. At least one intermediate layer in the winding layer radially arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer is assigned the first twist direction, and at least one other intermediate layer in the winding layer radially arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer and adjacent to the intermediate layer is assigned the second twist direction, wherein a first part of the strands a1 of the winding extending from the intermediate layer is interconnected with a second part of the strands a2 of the winding 110 entering another intermediate layer.

[0039] Part of the strands of the winding 110 are designed as flat wires for conducting electrical energy flow, which have a hairpin-like shape, so they can also be called hairpins or hairpin wires. For example, each hairpin has two sections or legs that are guided through a groove in the lamination stack, which are connected to each other on the crown side 117 of the component 100. On the torsion side 118 opposite to the crown side 117, the free end of each hairpin wire can be interconnected with another wire. Therefore, only by way of example, the winding 110 includes a first part of the strands a1, which are arranged in the first input groove 122 with a first input section 120. The first input groove 122 is positioned at the first input position of the first input layer in this embodiment. Only by way of example, the first input layer is the outer layer of the lamination stack 115, wherein the outer layer is assigned a first torsion direction and a second torsion direction of the winding 110. This means that the wire entering or leaving the outer layer can be guided to another wire in two different directions along the circumference of the lamination stack 115 and can be interconnected with it.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first input section 120 is connected to the first output section 130 via the first connecting section 124 on the crown side 117 of the winding 110. The first output section 130 is arranged in a first output groove 132, wherein the first output groove 132 is only exemplarily located at the first output position of the middle layer. The first input position is spaced apart from the first output position along the circumference of the winding layer.

[0041] In the present embodiment, the first output section 130 is interconnected with the second input section 140 of the second partial strand a2. The second input section 140 is arranged at the second input position of another intermediate layer in the second input groove 142 only by way of example. Here, the second torsion direction of the winding 110 is assigned to the other intermediate layer so as to interconnect the second input section 140 with the first output section 130. Only by way of example, the second input section 142 is connected to the second output section 150 via the second connecting section 144. Here, the second output section 150 is arranged in the second output groove 152. In the present embodiment, the second output groove 152 is arranged at the second output position of the inner layer, wherein the second input position is spaced apart from the second output position along the circumference of the winding layer, and wherein the second output section 150 is interconnected with another first input section of another first partial strand.

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The component 100 and the winding 110 shown here correspond to or are similar to the components and windings described in the previous figures. In this case, the component 100 is shown from the torsion side in the figures shown here. In the present exemplary embodiment, the annular laminated core 115 of the component 100 is designed to accommodate only four winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 of three similarly wound windings 110, 200, 205, only by way of example. In this case, only the U phase is guided in the winding 110 by way of example. In this exemplary embodiment, only the W phase is guided in the further winding 200 by way of example, and only the V phase is guided in the additional winding 205 by way of example. The winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 are arranged radially adjacent to one another, wherein only by way of example, the radially innermost inner layer L1 is arranged on the inner side 210 of the winding 110. In this exemplary embodiment, an intermediate layer L2 is arranged radially adjacent to the inner layer L1. On the radially opposite side of the inner layer L1, another middle layer L3 is arranged adjacent to the middle layer L2. An outer layer L4 is arranged adjacent to the other middle layer L3 on the outer side 215 of the winding. Here, the inner layer L1 is assigned both a first twisting direction and a second twisting direction different from the first twisting direction, and similarly, the outer layer L4 is assigned both a first twisting direction and a second twisting direction. Therefore, the wires guided in the two winding layers L1, L4 can be guided in two different directions along the circumference of the winding layers with the ends exposed on the twisting side, and can be interconnected with wires correspondingly directed in opposite directions. Different from the two twisting directions of the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4, the middle layer L2 arranged radially between the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 is assigned a first twisting direction, while the other middle layer L3 is assigned a second twisting direction.

[0043] Figure 3An oblique top view of an assembly 100 with a winding 110 according to one embodiment is shown. The assembly 100 and the winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the assemblies and windings described in the previous figures and are shown from the torsion side in the figures shown here. The assembly 100 comprises an annular lamination stack 115 having a plurality of grooves extending axially through the lamination stack 115 for accommodating partial strands of radially adjacently arranged winding layers. The grooves are positioned along the circumference of the winding layer.

[0044] Figure 4 A table representation of an embodiment of a winding scheme 400 for a winding as described in the previous figures is shown. The winding scheme 400 shown here is designed, for example, for an assembly with a laminated core having, for example, 54 grooves and a corresponding number of holes of 3, for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, phases U, W and V can be guided. The positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are given in the top three rows of the table, wherein the top row corresponds to the winding 110 guiding the U phase, the row arranged below it corresponds to the further winding 200 guiding the W phase, and the row arranged below it corresponds to the additional winding 205 guiding the V phase. The positions of the corresponding connections of the individual phases are given in the fourth row, wherein U1 is the input of the U phase, U2 is the output of the U phase, W1 is the input of the W phase, W2 is the output of the W phase, V1 is the input of the V phase, and V2 is the output of the V phase.

[0045] The four rows below the position mark correspond, for example, to the four winding layers of the laminated core with the winding. Here, the uppermost winding layer in the table corresponds, for example, to the inner layer L1. The second winding layer is arranged below the inner layer L1 in the table shown here and is to be understood as the middle layer L2 arranged radially adjacent to the inner layer L1 in the laminated core. Likewise, the row arranged below it represents another middle layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second middle layer L2, and the row arranged below it represents an outer layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the other middle layer L3. Here, two different torsion directions T1, T2 are assigned to each winding layer L1, L2, L3, L4. Thus, the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 are respectively assigned a first torsion direction T1 and a second torsion direction T2. ​​The middle layer L2 is only assigned a first torsion direction T1, which is only exemplarily directed to the left in the view shown here, while the other middle layer L3 is assigned a second torsion direction T2 opposite to the first torsion direction T1. In the bottom row of winding scheme 400, the input and output ends of the partial strands of the winding are indicated starting from the torsion side of the winding.

[0046] In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the winding concept 400 is shown only by way of example with reference to the winding of phase U. The remaining windings can be wound according to the same concept.

[0047] In this embodiment, as in the previous appendix Figure 1 As described in the foregoing, the first part of the strands a1 of the winding is arranged in the first input groove in the first input section. The first input groove is located, for example, at the first input position 40 of the first input layer. In this embodiment, the first input layer corresponds to the inner layer L1, which is assigned both the first torsion direction T1 and the second torsion direction T2 of the winding.

[0048] The first output section of the partial strand a1 is arranged in the first output groove, which is located at the first output position 33 in the middle layer L2. Here, the first input section and the first output section are both radially spaced apart and arranged along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, because six other positions for other partial strands are arranged between the first input position 40 and the first output position 33.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first output section of the first partial strand a1 is interconnected with the second input section of the second partial strand a2. To this end, the second input section of the second partial strand a2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 40 in another intermediate layer L3. The second input position 40 corresponds to the first input position 40 in terms of positioning along the circumference, for example, wherein the first input section of the partial strand a1 and the second input section of the partial strand a2 are radially spaced apart from each other in the same groove. The second input section is interconnected with the first output section with, for example, 3.5 torsion steps. This means that the first output section extends to the second input section after passing 3.5 positions in the first torsion direction T1, and the second input section extends to the first output section after passing 3.5 positions in the second torsion direction T1, so that the two are connected to each other, for example, conductively.

[0050] In this embodiment, the second strand a2 extends parallel to the first strand a1. To this end, the second output section of the second strand a2 is arranged in the second output groove at a second output position 33 corresponding to the first output position 33, for example, but the second output section is arranged to be radially spaced apart from the first output section in the outer layer L4.

[0051] In the present embodiment, the second partial strand a2 is interconnected with another first partial strand A3. To this end, the second output section of the second partial strand a2 is interconnected with another first input section of another first partial strand A3, wherein the other first input section is arranged in another first input groove at another first input position 24 in the outer layer L4. Here, the second output section is interconnected with another first input section with, for example, 4.5 torsion steps. This means that the second output section extends to another first input section through 4.5 positions in the second torsion direction T2, and the other first input section extends to the second output section through 4.5 positions in the first torsion direction T1, so that the two are, for example, conductively coupled to each other. Since the outer layer L4 is assigned with opposite torsion directions T1, T2, the partial strands a2 and A3 can be interconnected within the outer layer L4.

[0052] In this embodiment, another first partial strand A3 extends from another first input position 24 in the outer layer L4 to another first output position 31 in another first output groove in another middle layer L3. Thus, another first partial strand A3 is spaced apart from the second partial strand a2 along the circumference, but extends parallel to it. Only exemplary, another first partial strand A3 is interconnected with another second partial strand A4, wherein another second partial strand A4 is spaced apart from the first partial strand a1 and extends parallel to it. In this embodiment, another second partial strand A4 is interconnected with an additional first partial strand a5 in the inner layer L1. In this embodiment, according to the described mode, only, for example, 36 partial strands are guided and alternately interconnected with each other at positions arranged spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. Here, these partial strands only exemplary respectively span the winding layers adjacent to each other.

[0053] Figure 5 A schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to one embodiment is shown. The component 100 and the winding 110 shown here correspond to or are similar to those in the previous Figures 1 to 3 In the view shown here, the assembly 100 is shown from the coronal side of the assembly. In this embodiment, some of the strands of the winding 110 are, for example, according to the previous Figure 4 The inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 are wound according to the winding scheme described in the figure, and respectively partially span the inner layer L1 and the adjacently arranged middle layer L2 and the outer layer L4 and the adjacently arranged other middle layer L3. On the twisted side not visible in the figure, the interconnecting pieces are arranged in the inner layer L1, in the outer layer L4, and between the middle layer L2 and the other middle layer L3.

[0054] Figure 6 As shown in the previous Figures 1 to 3. The further winding scheme 600 shown here is designed, for example, for a component with a laminated core having, for example, 54 grooves and a corresponding number of holes of 3 for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, phases U, W and V can be guided. The positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are given in the top three rows of the table, wherein the top row corresponds to the winding 110 guiding the U phase, the row arranged below it corresponds to the further winding 200 guiding the W phase, and the row arranged below it corresponds to the additional winding 205 guiding the V phase. The positions of the corresponding connections of the phases are given in the fourth row, wherein U1 is the input end of the U phase, U2 is the output end of the U phase, W1 is the input end of the W phase, W2 is the output end of the W phase, and V1 is the input end of the V phase, and V2 is the output end of the V phase.

[0055] The four rows below the position mark correspond, for example, to the four winding layers of the laminated core with the winding. Here, the uppermost winding layer in the table corresponds, for example, to the inner layer L1. In the table shown here, the second winding layer is arranged below the inner layer L1 and is to be understood as the middle layer L2 arranged radially adjacent to the inner layer L1 in the laminated core. The row arranged below it likewise represents another middle layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second middle layer L2, and the row arranged below it represents the outer layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the other middle layer L3. Two different torsion directions T1, T2 are assigned to each winding layer L1, L2, L3, L4. Thus, the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 are respectively assigned a first torsion direction T1 and a second torsion direction T2. ​​The middle layer L2 is only assigned a first torsion direction T1, which is only exemplarily directed to the right in the view shown here, and the other middle layer L3 is assigned a second torsion direction T2 opposite to the first torsion direction T1. In the bottom row of another winding scheme 600 , the input and output ends of the partial strands of the winding are indicated starting from the torsion side of the winding.

[0056] In the exemplary embodiment shown here, another winding scheme 600 is shown only by way of example with the U-phase winding. The remaining windings can be wound in the same manner.

[0057] With the front Figure 4 , another winding scheme 600 shown here has a first partial strand A1, whose first input section is arranged in a first input groove. The first input groove is positioned at a first input position 40 of the first input layer. In this embodiment, the first input layer corresponds to the outer layer L4, to which both the first torsional direction T1 and the second torsional direction T2 of the winding are assigned.

[0058] The first strand A1 of another winding scheme 600 shown here has a first output section arranged in a first output groove. The first output groove is only exemplarily positioned at the first output position 47 of the intermediate layer L2, wherein the first input position 40 is spaced apart from the first output position 47 along the circumference of the intermediate layer L2. In this embodiment, the first strand A1 then passes through a plurality of grooves or positions along the circumference and across another intermediate layer L3 through the lamination stack.

[0059] The first partial strand A1 is interconnected with the second partial strand A2. To this end, the second input section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 40 in another intermediate layer L3. The second input position 40 corresponds to the first input position 40 in terms of positioning along the circumference, for example, wherein the first input section of the partial strand a1 and the second input section of the partial strand a2 are arranged only radially spaced apart from each other in, for example, adjacent winding layers L3, L4. The second input section is interconnected with the first output section with, for example, 3.5 torsion steps. This means that the first output section extends to the second input section through 3.5 positions in the first torsion direction T1, and the second input section extends to the first output section through 3.5 positions in the second torsion direction T1, so that the two are coupled to each other, for example, conductively.

[0060] In this embodiment, the second partial strand A2 spans the middle layer L2 and is arranged in a second output groove with a second output section at a second output position 47 corresponding to the first output position 47 , wherein the second output section is arranged in the inner layer L1 radially spaced apart from the first output section.

[0061] In the present embodiment, the second partial strand A2 is interconnected with another first partial strand a3. To this end, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is interconnected with another first input section of another first partial strand a3, wherein the other first input section is arranged in another first input groove at another first input position 2 in the inner layer L1. Here, the second output section is interconnected with another first input section at, for example, 4.5 torsion steps. This means that the second output section extends to another first input section through 4.5 positions in the second torsion direction T2, and the other first input section extends to the second output section through 4.5 positions in the first torsion direction T1, so that the two are coupled to each other, for example, conductively. Since the inner layer L1 is assigned opposite torsion directions T1, T2, the partial strands A2, a3 can be interconnected within the inner layer L1.

[0062] In this embodiment, another first partial strand a3 extends from another first input position 2 in the inner layer L1 to another first output position 49 in another first output groove in another middle layer L3. Thus, another first partial strand a3 is spaced apart from the second partial strand A2 along the circumference, but extends parallel to it. Only exemplary, another first partial strand a3 is interconnected with another second partial strand a4, wherein another second partial strand a4 extends from the middle layer L2 to the outer layer L4 in parallel with another first partial strand a3. Another second partial strand a4 is interconnected with an additional first partial strand A5 in the outer layer L4. In this embodiment, according to the described mode, only, for example, 36 partial strands are guided and alternately interconnected with each other at positions spaced apart from each other along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. Here, these partial strands only exemplary alternately cross the middle layer L2 and another middle layer L3 respectively.

[0063] Figure 7 A schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to one embodiment is shown. The component 100 and the winding 110 shown here correspond to or are similar to those in the previous Figures 1 to 3 In the view shown here, the assembly 100 is shown from the coronal side of the assembly. In this embodiment, some of the strands of the winding 110 are arranged according to the previous Figure 6 , and accordingly, for example, alternately span the middle layer L2 and the further middle layer L3. In other words, in this embodiment, these partial strands extend from the outer layer L4 to the middle layer L2, and from the further middle layer L3 to the inner layer L1, and vice versa. On the twisted side not visible in the figure, the interconnecting elements are arranged in the inner layer L1, in the outer layer L4, and between the middle layer L2 and the further middle layer L3, respectively.

[0064] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a first portion of strands a1 according to an embodiment is shown. The first portion of strands a1 shown here corresponds to or is similar to the first portion of strands a1 shown in the previous FIG. Figure 1 , 4 and 6, and can be used as previously described in the attached Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 5 and 7. In this embodiment, the first part of the strands a1 is formed as a flat wire made of copper material, which is used to conduct electrical energy and has a hairpin-like shape. The first part of the strands a1 includes a first input section 120 and a first output section 130, which are used to pass through the grooves of the lamination stack of the assembly. The first input section 120 and the first output section 130 are connected by a first connecting section 124.

[0065] Fig. 9A flow chart of a method 900 for producing a winding according to an embodiment is shown. The method 900 comprises a step 905 of passing a first portion of the strands of the winding through an intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer is assigned a first twisting direction of the winding. Furthermore, the method 900 comprises a step 910 of passing a second portion of the strands through a further intermediate layer, wherein the further intermediate layer is assigned a second twisting direction of the winding that is different from the first twisting direction. Furthermore, the method 900 comprises a step 915 of interconnecting the first portion of the strands with the second portion of the strands. Merely by way of example, in the interconnection step 915, the portion of the strands are electrically conductively connected to one another.

[0066] Fig.10 A motor vehicle 1000 according to one embodiment is shown. The motor vehicle 1000 has an electric axle drive with an electric motor 105, for example as described with reference to the previous figures. The electric energy for operating the electric motor 105 is provided by an energy supply mechanism 1002, such as a battery. For example, a direct current is provided by the energy supply mechanism 1002, and the direct current is converted into an alternating current, for example a three-phase alternating current, using a converter 1004 of a transmission mechanism, and is provided to the electric motor 105. The axle driven by the electric motor 105 is directly or using a transmission mechanism 1006 and is connected to at least one wheel 1008 of the motor vehicle 1000. Thus, the motor vehicle 1000 can move forward using the electric motor 105. According to one embodiment, the electric axle drive comprises a housing, in which the converter 1004, the electric motor 105 and the transmission mechanism 1006 are arranged in an integrated manner.

[0067] Fig.11 A block diagram of an embodiment of a device 1100 for manufacturing a winding according to a variant proposed here is shown. The device 1100 comprises a threading unit 1105 for controlling a first portion of strands of the winding to pass through an intermediate layer and another threading unit 1110 for controlling a second portion of strands to further pass through another intermediate layer. In addition, the device 1100 comprises an interconnection unit (1115) for controlling the interconnection of the first portion of strands with the second portion of strands.

[0068] The embodiments described and shown in the figures are selected only by way of example. Different embodiments can be combined with each other completely or with respect to individual features. One embodiment can also be supplemented by features of another embodiment.

[0069] Furthermore, method steps according to the invention can be repeated and carried out in a sequence different from that described.

[0070] If an embodiment includes an “and / or” relationship between a first feature and a second feature, this can be understood as that the embodiment includes both the first feature and the second feature according to one embodiment, and only the first feature or only the second feature according to another embodiment.

[0071] List of Reference Numerals

[0072] 100 components

[0073] 105 Motor

[0074] 110 Winding

[0075] 115 lamination pack

[0076] 120 first input section

[0077] 122 first input groove

[0078] 124 first connecting section

[0079] 117 crown side

[0080] 118 twist side

[0081] 130 first output section

[0082] 132 first output groove

[0083] 140 second input section

[0084] 142 Second input groove

[0085] 144 second connecting section

[0086] 150 second output section

[0087] 152 Second output groove

[0088] a1 first part strand

[0089] a2 second part strand

[0090] 200 Another winding

[0091] 205 Additional winding

[0092] 210 inside

[0093] 215 outside

[0094] L1 Inner layer of winding layer

[0095] L2 middle layer of winding layer

[0096] Another middle layer of L3 winding layer

[0097] L4 outer layer of winding layer

[0098] 400 winding scheme

[0099] 2 Another first input position according to another winding scheme

[0100] 24 Another first input position according to a winding scheme

[0101] 33 First and second output positions according to a winding scheme

[0102] 40 First and second input positions

[0103] 47 First and second output positions according to another winding scheme

[0104] A1 first part strand

[0105] A2 Second part strand

[0106] a3 Another first part of the strand

[0107] A3 Another first part of the strand

[0108] a4 Another second part of the strand

[0109] A4 Another second part of the strand

[0110] a5 attached first strand

[0111] A5 attached first strand

[0112] T1 first torsion direction

[0113] T2 Second torsion direction

[0114] 600 Another winding pattern

[0115] 900 Method for manufacturing windings

[0116] 905 through steps

[0117] 910 Further steps through

[0118] 915 Interconnection Steps

[0119] 1000 Motor Vehicles

[0120] 1002 Energy Supply Agency

[0121] 1004 Converter

[0122] 1006 transmission mechanism

[0123] 1008 wheels

[0124] 1100 devices

[0125] 1105 threading unit

[0126] 1110 Another threading unit

[0127] 1115 interconnection unit.

Claims

1. A winding (110) of an assembly (100) for an electric machine (105), wherein: The assembly (100) comprises an annular lamination stack (115) having a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) extending axially through the lamination stack (115), the grooves being used to accommodate partial strands of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein the radially innermost layer (L1) of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is assigned both a first torsional direction (T1) and a second torsional direction (T2) different from the first torsional direction (T1), and the radially outermost layer (L4) of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is assigned both a first torsional direction (T1) and a second torsional direction (T2) different from the first torsional direction (T1). Equipped with the second twisting direction (T2), wherein at least one intermediate layer (L2) radially arranged between the inner layer (L1) and the outer layer (L4) among the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is assigned the first twisting direction (T1), and at least one other intermediate layer (L3) radially arranged between the inner layer (L1) and the outer layer (L4) among the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is assigned the second twisting direction (T2), wherein a first portion of the strands (a1; A1) of the winding (110) extending from the intermediate layer (L2) is interconnected with a second portion of the strands (a2; A2) of the winding (110) entering the other intermediate layer (L3).

2. The winding (110) according to claim 1, wherein: The first portion of strands (a1; A1) comprises a first input section (120), a first output section (130) and a first connecting section (124) connecting the first input section (120) and the first output section (130), wherein the first input section (120) of the first portion of strands (a1; A1) is arranged at a first input position (40) of a first input layer in the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) in a first input groove (122) in the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152), and the first An output section (130) is arranged in a first output groove (132) among the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) at a first output position (33; 47) of the intermediate layer (L2), wherein the first input layer corresponds to a winding layer among the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) that is different from the intermediate layer (L2), and the first input position (40) is spaced apart from the first output position (33; 47) along the circumference of the winding layer, wherein the first output section (130) is interconnected with the second portion of the strands (a2; A2).

3. The winding (110) according to claim 2, wherein: The first input layer and the intermediate layer (L2) are arranged adjacent to each other.

4. The winding (110) according to claim 2, wherein: The further intermediate layer (L3) is arranged between the first input layer and the intermediate layer (L2).

5. The winding (110) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The second portion of strands (a2; A2) has a second input section (140), a second output section (150) and a second connecting section (144) connecting the second input section (140) and the second output section (150), wherein the second input section (140) is arranged at the second input position (40) of the other middle layer (L3) in the second input groove (142) and is interconnected with the first output section (130) of the first portion of strands (a1; A1), wherein the second output section (150) is arranged at the second output position (33; 47) of the outer layer (L4) or the inner layer (L1) in the second output groove (152), wherein the second input position (40) is spaced apart from the second output position (33; 47) along the circumference of the winding layer, and wherein the second output section (150) is interconnected with another first input section of another first portion of strands (A3; a3).

6. The winding (110) according to claim 5, wherein: The other first input section of the other first partial strand (A3; a3) is arranged in another first input groove at another first input position (24; 2), wherein the further first input position (24; 2) is spaced apart from the second output position (33; 47) along the circumference of one of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4).

7. The winding (110) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The winding (110) includes a plurality of first partial strands (a1; A1) and second partial strands (a2; A2) alternately interconnected with each other.

8. A component (100) for an electric machine (105), comprising a winding (110) according to any one of the preceding claims and having an annular laminated core (115) having a plurality of radially adjacently arranged winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein: Each winding layer includes a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) extending axially through the lamination stack (115), the grooves being used to accommodate portions of the strands of the winding (110).

9. The assembly (100) according to claim 7, wherein: The assembly (100) comprises three windings according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. An electric machine (105) having an assembly (100) according to claim 9, wherein: The component (100) is designed as a stator or a rotor of the electric machine (105) and comprises three windings (110, 200, 205) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. An electric axle drive (1000) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one electric motor (105), a transmission (1006) and a converter (1004), characterized in that: The electric machine (105) is designed according to claim 10.

12. A motor vehicle (1000) comprising an electric machine (105) according to claim 10 and / or an electric axle drive according to claim 11.

13. A method (900) for producing a winding (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for a component (100) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: The method (900) comprises the following steps (905, 910, 915): Passing through a step (905) of passing a first portion of the strands (a1; A1) of the winding (110) through an intermediate layer (L2), wherein the intermediate layer (L2) is assigned a first twisting direction (T1) of the winding (110); a further passing step (910) of passing the second portion of the strands (a2; A2) further through another intermediate layer (L3), wherein the other intermediate layer (L3) is assigned a second twisting direction (T2) of the winding (110) that is different from the first twisting direction (T1); and An interconnection step (915) of interconnecting the first portion of strands (a1; A1) and the second portion of strands (a2; A2).

14. An apparatus (1100) designed to execute and / or control the steps (905, 910, 915) of the method (900) according to claim 13 in a corresponding unit (1105, 1110, 1115).

15. A computer program designed to execute and / or control the steps (905, 910, 915) of the method (900) according to claim 13.

Images