A multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting, belonging to the technical field of agricultural equipment. Its structure includes a shovel guiding bin. Inside the shovel guiding bin, there are successively arranged a shoveling-in channel, a lifting and conveying channel, a primary pulverizing channel, and a secondary pulverizing channel from front to back. In the middle of the bottom of the shovel guiding bin, there is a bulging structure integrally formed. At the bottom of the bulging structure, a fertilizer box II, a rotary tiller, and a pressure roller II are successively installed from front to back; This application has the ability of multi-layer fertilization, and can accurately apply different types of fertilizers to the shallow layer and deep layer of the soil respectively. On the basis of ensuring the uniformity of fertilization, it can avoid the mixing and doping of different fertilizers, prevent the fertilizers that should act around the crop roots to provide sufficient nutrients from being absorbed by the surface weeds, ensure that the crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizers during the growth cycle, maintain their normal growth and development needs, and improve the yield and quality of the crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting. Background Art

[0002] Multi-layer fertilization can apply fertilizers into the soil in layers, so that fertilizers are released at different soil depths, thereby improving fertilizer utilization. For example, deep application of base fertilizer can slowly release fertilizers in the soil, providing a lasting nutrient supply for corn growth. Seed fertilizers are applied near seeds to provide timely nutrient support for seedlings.

[0003] The existing application number is CN201610311707.3, a corn large ridge double-row deep tillage layered fertilization seeder. The patent document discloses a method of using two independent pipes to apply fertilizer to different positions on the ground in a targeted manner. Specifically, crushed straw or organic fertilizer is received and discharged to the bottom of the furrow opened by the furrowing plow through the discharge port of the middle fertilizer discharge pipe in the middle, and the left and right fertilizer discharge pipes on both sides discharge the fertilizer to the two side surfaces of the trapezoidal furrow, thereby achieving the purpose of layered fertilization.

[0004] However, when using the technical solution in the above patent document, since the fertilizer is transmitted by means of a pipeline conveying system, a strip-shaped fertilization track is formed on the surface when the fertilization equipment is in operation; this fertilization method will cause the fertilizer application sites to be relatively concentrated, which cannot effectively match the larger distribution range of the plant root system, and is not conducive to the diffusion of fertilizer in the soil and the absorption of plant roots, thereby having a negative impact on the fertilizer effect, reducing the fertilizer utilization rate, and affecting the growth and development of crops. Therefore, the present application provides a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting, which has multi-layer fertilization capabilities and can accurately apply different types of fertilizers to the shallow and deep layers of the soil respectively; on the basis of ensuring the uniformity of fertilization, it avoids the mixing and mixing of different fertilizers to prevent the fertilizers that should act around the root system of the crop to provide sufficient nutrients from being absorbed by the surface weeds, thereby ensuring that the crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizers during the growth cycle, maintain their normal growth and development needs, and thus improve the yield and quality of the crops.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting is provided, including a shovel guiding bin. The front end or side end of the shovel guiding bin is connected to a power device through a traction rod. Defining the traveling direction of the power device as forward, inside the shovel guiding bin, a shoveling channel, a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel, and a secondary crushing channel are sequentially arranged from front to back. Both the shoveling channel and the primary crushing channel have a structure with an equal cross-section, and the lifting and conveying channel has a structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top.

[0008] Among them, the power device can use agricultural tractors of models such as John Deere agricultural tractors, Dongfanghong tractors, Zoomlion heavy machinery tractors, wheeled tractors, crawler tractors, and walking tractors, and adjust the specific equipment model according to the thickness of the surface soil to be shoveled.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of shovel teeth Ⅰ are fixedly installed at the front end of the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the bottom of the shoveling channel; a plurality of rollers are rotatably installed at the top position of the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the lifting and conveying channel. A driving shaft Ⅰ is provided at the end of the roller at the end. A conveyor belt is sleeved outside the plurality of rollers and connected by friction transmission; a plurality of mutually independently controlled grinding pestles are slidably installed at the top of the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the primary crushing channel.

[0010] Furthermore, a fertilizer box Ⅰ is installed at the top position of the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. The fertilizer box Ⅰ stores organic fertilizer and compound microbial agents. The compound microbial agents include one or more of Bacillus laterosporus, Fusarium solani, Cellulomonas fermentans, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Penicillium expansum, Trametes versicolor, and Sphingomonas. The bottom of the fertilizer box Ⅰ is fixedly connected and provided with a fertilizer pipe Ⅰ. The fertilizer pipe Ⅰ penetrates through the top of the shovel guiding bin and extends towards the inside of the secondary crushing channel.

[0011] Furthermore, an arc-shaped sieve plate and two crushing discs are arranged inside the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. Both crushing discs are located above the arc-shaped sieve plate and are rotatably connected to the shovel guiding bin. A driving shaft Ⅱ is provided at the end of one of the crushing discs. A plurality of chopping knives are fixedly installed between the two crushing discs. A plurality of sieve holes are provided on the arc-shaped sieve plate. A slag discharge slot is arranged at the lower side position of the shovel guiding bin corresponding to the arc-shaped sieve plate. After the surface weeds are crushed and mixed with the organic fertilizer and compound microbial agents, they are discharged to the ground through the sieve holes from the slag discharge slot. Weeds with larger sizes are intercepted by the sieve holes and then continue to be crushed by the chopping knives.

[0012] Further, a raised structure is integrally formed in the middle of the bottom of the shovel guide bin, and side baffles are respectively and fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure; at the bottom of the raised structure, a fertilizer box II, a rotary tiller, and a pressure roller II are installed in sequence from front to back. The fertilizer box II stores water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer, and a fertilizer pipe II is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fertilizer box II; wireless control valves or Internet of Things electric valves are respectively arranged on the fertilizer pipe I and the fertilizer pipe II.

[0013] In this application, for the installation method of the rotary tiller at the bottom of the raised structure, an optional technical solution is: a reversing seat is fixedly installed between the two side baffles, the rotary tiller is rotatably installed on the reversing seat, and a rotation driver for driving the rotary tiller to rotate is installed on the reversing seat; the rotary tiller is installed vertically at the bottom of the raised structure.

[0014] In this application, for the installation method of the rotary tiller at the bottom of the raised structure, another optional technical solution is: a reversing seat is rotatably installed between the two side baffles, a driving shaft III is provided at the end of the reversing seat, the rotary tiller is rotatably installed on the reversing seat, and a rotation driver for driving the rotary tiller to rotate is installed on the reversing seat; the rotary tiller can freely switch between two states of vertically extending and horizontally retracting at the bottom of the raised structure.

[0015] Further, a plurality of rotary tillers are provided, the working rotation directions of adjacent rotary tillers are opposite, and the number of rotation drivers corresponds to the number of rotary tillers.

[0016] Further, a shredding arm is horizontally slidably installed at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin, a driving arm is fixedly installed on the shredding arm, a U-shaped frame is fixedly installed on the front side of the bottom of the raised structure, the driving arm is inserted and slidably connected with the U-shaped frame, and a plurality of shovel teeth II with the same shape and size as the shovel teeth I are arranged on the shredding arm.

[0017] Further, a plurality of shear blades are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the grinding pestle, a rolling head is integrally formed at the front end of the shear blade, a bearing plate is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel, and a plurality of extrusion cutting grooves capable of being inserted and fitted with the shear blade and the rolling head are equidistantly arranged on the top of the bearing plate.

[0018] Further, the pressure roller II is installed at the bottom of the raised structure through a positioning seat and an annular seat; two annular seats are rotatably installed on the pressure roller II, the annular seats are vertically slidably connected with the positioning seat, the positioning seat is detachably and fixedly connected with the shovel guide bin, and a cross shaft is fixedly installed between the two annular seats, and the cross shaft is slidably connected with the positioning seat.

[0019] Further, a slider is detachably and fixedly installed on the shredding arm, an embedding groove and a limiting plate are provided at the bottom of the shovel guide bin, the slider is inserted and slidably connected with the embedding groove, and the side parts of the driving arm and the limiting plate are in abutting fit.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. For the multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to the example of the present invention, the present application implements weeding operations by shoveling and crushing surface weeds and grass seeds, avoiding the absorption of fertilizers applied to the soil by weeds and grass seeds. On this basis, the crushed surface weeds and grass seeds are decomposed and utilized, and converted into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, ensuring that crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in fertilizers during the growth cycle, maintaining their normal growth and development needs, and improving the yield and quality of crops.

[0022] 2. For the multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to the example of the present invention, weed leaves, organic fertilizers and compound microbial agents are mixed. Through the metabolic activities of various beneficial microorganisms in the compound microbial agent, the weed leaves are decomposed and utilized; subsequently, the mixture is evenly discharged to the ground through the sieve holes from the long and narrow slag discharge slot and compacted by roller I; since the sizes of the slag discharge slot and the chopping knife correspond to the size of the shovel guide bin, the area of the surface soil that has been shoveled is re-covered with soil, and the shoveled surface soil is orderly filled back to its original position, ensuring the flatness of the ground and the stability of the soil structure.

[0023] 3. For the multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to the example of the present invention, surface weeds and surface soil are transferred, crushed, mixed with organic fertilizers and compound microbial agents along the paths of the shoveling channel, lifting and conveying channel, primary crushing channel and secondary crushing channel; during this process, the mixture bypasses the raised structure in the middle of the bottom of the shovel guide bin, so that shallow soil fertilization and deep soil fertilization are completely isolated from each other and do not affect each other. After being compacted by roller I and roller II respectively, it can effectively avoid the mixing and doping between different fertilizers applied in layers, ensuring the effectiveness and independence of different layers of fertilizers in the soil, and helping the plant roots at different depths to fully absorb the fertilizer nutrients they need respectively, thereby improving the fertilization effect and promoting the healthy growth of plants.

[0024] 4. For the multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to the example of the present invention, the sliding direction of the grinding pestle is offset from the normal line of the horizontal plane. As the grinding pestle moves downward in the primary crushing channel, the weed leaves remaining in the primary crushing channel are pushed towards the secondary crushing channel, increasing the transfer efficiency of the weed leaves, dealing with the crushing of surface weeds with relatively dense and thick branches and leaves, enabling the device to better adapt to complex surface weed conditions, and increasing the use effect of the device.

[0025] 5. The multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting according to the embodiment of the present invention. Since the downward movement direction of the crushing pestle extends obliquely along the rear side of the bottom of the first-stage crushing channel, and the rolling head is located at the front end of the crushing pestle, the crushing pestle can contact the surface weeds shoveled up prior to the shearing blade. Under the extrusion of the rolling head, part of the bottom of the weeds is pressed into the extrusion cutting groove, so that the weeds can only slide along the extension direction of the extrusion cutting groove, playing a guiding role. As the subsequent shearing blade moves downward, the weeds are precisely chopped; under the action of multiple independently controlled crushing pestles, efficient crushing of the surface weeds and grass seeds is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the overall multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure One ;

[0028] Figure 2 Structural schematic diagram of the overall multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure Two ;

[0029] Figure 3 Cross-sectional profile of the overall multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Structural schematic diagram of a part of the multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in

[0032] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in

[0033] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of part C in

[0034] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of part D in

[0035] Figure 9 Structural schematic diagram of the shearing arm provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 Structural schematic diagram of the arc-shaped sieve plate, crushing pestle, and bearing plate provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Structural schematic diagrams of the arc-shaped sieve plate, crushing disc and chopping knife provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Structural schematic diagrams of the grinding pestle, shearing edge and rolling head provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 Structural schematic diagrams of the commutation seat and the tipping device provided by the embodiments of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 Structural schematic diagrams of the positioning seat and the second pressure roller provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure: 11 shovel guide bin, 111 shoveling-in channel, 112 cleaning cover, 113 embedding groove, 114 limiting plate, 12 first shovel tooth, 121 rotating shaft, 122 first pressure roller, 13 conveyor belt, 131 rotating roller, 132 first drive shaft, 14 arc-shaped sieve plate, 141 sieve hole, 15 U-shaped frame, 16 side baffle, 17 first fertilizer box, 18 second fertilizer box, 181 filling cover, 21 shredding arm, 22 second shovel tooth, 221 slider, 23 drive arm, 24 first linear electric cylinder, 31 crushing disc, 311 second drive shaft, 32 chopping knife, 33 sleeve, 34 grinding pestle, 341 shearing edge, 342 rolling head, 35 second linear electric cylinder, 36 bearing plate, 361 extrusion cutting groove, 41 commutation seat, 411 third drive shaft, 42 tipping device, 43 rotating driver, 51 positioning seat, 52 annular seat, 53 second pressure roller, 54 horizontal shaft, 55 hinge seat, 56 third linear electric cylinder. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected to" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Additionally, it should be noted that for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, this embodiment provides a multi-layer fertilizing device for corn planting, including a shovel guiding bin 11. The front end or side end of the shovel guiding bin 11 is connected to a power device through a traction rod. Defining the traveling direction of the power device as forward, inside the shovel guiding bin 11, a shoveling-in channel 111, a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel, and a secondary crushing channel are sequentially arranged from front to back; both the shoveling-in channel 111 and the primary crushing channel have a structure with an equal cross-section, and the lifting and conveying channel has a structure that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top; the shoveling-in channel 111 shovels up the surface weeds and the soil that may contain grass seeds together, enters the primary crushing channel and the secondary crushing channel through the lifting and conveying channel for secondary crushing, and applies different types of fertilizers respectively during the crushing process and in the soil layer of the shoveled surface soil to implement multi-layer fertilizing operations.

[0050] This application shovels and crushes surface weeds and grass seeds to prevent the fertilizers applied to the soil from being absorbed by the weeds and grass seeds. On this basis, the crushed surface weeds and grass seeds are decomposed and utilized, converted into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by plants, ensuring that crops can effectively absorb the nutrients in the fertilizers during the growth cycle, maintaining their normal growth and development needs, and thus increasing the yield and quality of crops.

[0051] Among them, the power equipment can use agricultural tractors of models such as John Deere agricultural tractors, Dongfanghong tractors, Zoomlion heavy machinery tractors, wheeled tractors, crawler tractors, and walking tractors, and adjust the specific equipment model according to the thickness of the surface soil to be shoveled.

[0052] As Figure 4 shown, a plurality of first shoveling teeth 12 are provided at the front end corresponding to the bottom of the shoveling channel 111 in the shoveling guide bin 11, and the plurality of first shoveling teeth 12 are fixedly installed at equal intervals at the front end of the shoveling guide bin 11.

[0053] As Figure 3 and Figure 7 shown, a plurality of rollers 131 are rotatably installed at the top position corresponding to the lifting and conveying channel in the shoveling guide bin 11. A driving shaft I 132 is provided at the end of the roller 131 at the end. A conveyor belt 13 is sleeved on the outside of the plurality of rollers 131 and is frictionally driven and connected.

[0054] As Figure 7 shown, two scraping blade structures for scraping the dirt on the surface of the conveyor belt 13 are integrally formed at the top position corresponding to the lifting and conveying channel in the shoveling guide bin 11.

[0055] As Figure 3 and Figure 10 shown, a plurality of grinding pestles 34 are slidably installed at the top corresponding to the first-stage crushing channel in the shoveling guide bin 11. The plurality of grinding pestles 34 are arranged in multiple rows at equal intervals and are staggered and independently controlled. A second linear electric cylinder 35 for driving the movement of the grinding pestles 34 is fixedly installed at the top of the shoveling guide bin 11.

[0056] Among them, the sliding direction of the grinding pestle 34 is offset from the normal line of the horizontal plane. As the grinding pestle 34 moves downward in the first-stage crushing channel, the weed fragments remaining in the first-stage crushing channel are pushed towards the second-stage crushing channel, increasing the transfer efficiency of the weed fragments and dealing with the crushing of surface weeds with relatively dense and thick branches and leaves.

[0057] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a fertilizer application box I 17 is installed at the top position of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. The fertilizer application box I 17 stores organic fertilizer and compound microbial inoculum. The compound microbial inoculum includes one or more of Bacillus laterosporus, Fusarium solani, Cellulomonas fermentans, Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium expansum, Trametes versicolor, and Sphingomonas. A fertilizer application pipe I is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fertilizer application box I. The fertilizer application pipe I penetrates through the top of the shovel guide bin 11 and extends towards the inside of the secondary crushing channel.

[0058] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 11 shown, an arc-shaped sieve plate 14 and two crushing discs 31 are arranged inside the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. A cleaning cover 112 is rotatably installed at the rear side of the top of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the secondary crushing channel. Both crushing discs 31 are located above the arc-shaped sieve plate 14 and are rotatably connected to the shovel guide bin 11. A driving shaft II 311 is arranged at the end of one crushing disc 31. A plurality of chopping knives 32 are fixedly installed between the two crushing discs 31. A plurality of sieve holes 141 are arranged on the arc-shaped sieve plate 14. A slag discharge notch is arranged at the lower side position of the shovel guide bin 11 corresponding to the arc-shaped sieve plate 14.

[0059] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, a raised structure is integrally formed at the middle side of the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11. Side baffles 16 are fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure. At the bottom of the raised structure, a fertilizer application box II 18, a rotary tiller 42, and a second pressing roller 53 are installed in sequence from front to back. A main shaft is arranged in the middle of the rotary tiller 42, and spiral turning plates are arranged on the outside of the main shaft. The fertilizer application box II 18 stores water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer. A fertilizer application pipe II is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fertilizer application box II.

[0060] As Figure 1 shown, a filling pipe is fixedly connected to the top side end of the fertilizer application box II 18. The filling pipe penetrates through the side baffle 16 and extends towards the outside of the side baffle 16. A filling cover 181 is detachably fixedly installed at the end of the filling pipe.

[0061] As Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 shown, a rotating shaft 121 is fixedly installed in the slag discharge notch. A first pressing roller 122 is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft 121. The first pressing roller 122 is used to press the weed debris, organic fertilizer, and compound microbial inoculum to achieve close contact and compaction among the three.

[0062] As Figure 8As shown, the cross-section of the chopping knife 32 is circular. A blade-shaped protrusion is integrally formed on the side of the circular chopping knife 32, and the extending direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotational tangent direction of the crushing disc 31 at this position. As the two crushing discs 31 rotate, they drive multiple chopping knives 32 to move synchronously, and use the blade-shaped protrusions to chop the weed leaves placed on the upper side of the arc-shaped sieve plate 14, implementing secondary crushing treatment.

[0063] The specific details of using the multi-layer fertilization equipment for corn planting in this application are as follows:

[0064] I. Preparation before use;

[0065] Supplementary organic fertilizer and compound microbial inoculum are added to the fertilizer box I 17, and water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer is added to the fertilizer box II 18; the cleaning cover 112 is opened to check whether there are foreign objects between the arc-shaped sieve plate 14 and the chopping knife 32; check whether the conveyor belt 13 and the roller 131 can operate normally; then drive the power equipment to move the shovel guide bin 11 to the corn planting area where fertilization is required.

[0066] II. Shallow soil fertilization;

[0067] As the power equipment travels, the shovel teeth I 12 are used to shovel up the surface weeds and the soil that may contain grass seeds together, and the two move along the shoveling channel 111 to the bottom of the lifting and conveying channel; in view of the structure of the lifting and conveying channel with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the surface weeds and soil will gather at the bottom of the lifting and conveying channel; as the conveyor belt 13 continues to operate and the subsequent materials are pushed, the two are compacted and move upward along the lifting and conveying channel into the primary crushing channel;

[0068] After that, the surface weeds pass through the primary crushing channel and the secondary crushing channel in sequence, and are subjected to primary crushing treatment and secondary crushing treatment through the rolling of the grinding pestle 34 and the cutting of the chopping knife 32; during the implementation of the secondary crushing treatment, the weed leaves, organic fertilizer, and compound microbial inoculum are evenly mixed;

[0069] Finally, the mixed weed leaves, organic fertilizer, and compound microorganisms are evenly discharged to the ground through the sieve holes 141 from the long and narrow slag discharge slot and are compacted by the pressing roller I 122; since both the slag discharge slot and the chopping knife 32 correspond to the size of the shovel guide bin 11, the area of the surface soil that has been shoveled is re-covered with soil, and the shoveled surface soil is orderly filled back to its original position to ensure the flatness of the ground and the stability of the soil structure.

[0070] III. Deep soil fertilization;

[0071] First, the fertilizer box II 18 is used to apply water-soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer to the soil layer of the shoveled surface soil;

[0072] After that, as the rotator 42 turns over this part of the soil layer and fertilizer, this part of the soil layer is gradually loosened and stirred evenly, and the fertilizer is also evenly dispersed in every corner of the deep soil layer, thus realizing the deep soil fertilization operation; this fertilization method can make the fertilizer closer to the main distribution area of the corn crop roots, providing more lasting and effective nutrient supply for the growth of the corn crop, and greatly improving the fertilizer utilization rate compared with the traditional surface fertilization method;

[0073] Finally, through the rolling and pressing treatment of the roller II 53, the deep soil layer is roller-pressed to prevent the fertilizer from being excessively lost due to excessive soil pores and other factors such as moisture, and effectively maintain the soil fertility.

[0074] In the above step two, since the arc-shaped sieve plate 14 is overall arc-shaped, the uncompletely chopped weed fragments concentrate towards the middle side of the bottom of the arc-shaped sieve plate 14. Since the extending direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotation tangent direction of the crushing disc 31, the cutting force received by the weed fragments is more concentrated and the direction is stable. When the blade-shaped protrusion cuts the weed fragments, the arc-shaped sieve plate 14 plays a role of support and screening, and the uncompletely chopped weed fragments are left on the upper side of the arc-shaped sieve plate 14 to continue to be continuously cut by the chopping knife 32.

[0075] In the above step two, the weed fragments, organic fertilizer and compound microbial inoculum are fully mixed. Through the metabolic activities of various beneficial microorganisms in the compound microbial inoculum, the weed fragments are decomposed and utilized. In this process, the microorganisms in the compound microbial inoculum can secrete extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase, ligninase, etc. These enzymes can act on complex organic substances such as cellulose and lignin in the weed fragments and decompose them into simple small molecule substances, such as glucose, amino acids, etc.

[0076] In the above step two, the roller I 122 is used to press the weed fragments, organic fertilizer and compound microorganism, realizing the close contact and compaction of the three, so that the weed fragments can be better mixed with the organic fertilizer and compound microbial inoculum after being pressed, providing a suitable attachment environment for the microbial inoculum; the organic fertilizer is not easily blown away by the wind or washed away by the rain after being compacted, which is beneficial to maintaining the concentration of soil fertility; the contact area between the compound microbial inoculum and the weed fragments and organic fertilizer increases after being pressed, which is more conducive to the microbial inoculum decomposing organic substances such as weed fragments, accelerating the fermentation process, and improving the soil fertility improvement efficiency.

[0077] In the process of implementing the above solution of the present application, surface weeds and surface soil are transferred and crushed along the paths of the shoveling-in channel 111, the lifting and conveying channel, the primary crushing channel, and the secondary crushing channel, bypassing the raised structure in the middle of the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, so that shallow soil fertilization and deep soil fertilization are completely isolated from each other and do not affect each other. After being compacted by the compaction roller I 122 and the compaction roller II 53 respectively, it is possible to avoid the mixing and doping between different fertilizers applied in layers.

[0078] In the present application, the rotation control method for the drive shaft I 132 and the drive shaft II 311 is as follows: a hydraulic motor I and a hydraulic motor II are installed on the shovel guide bin 11, and the hydraulic motor I and the hydraulic motor II are respectively connected to the drive shaft I 132 and the drive shaft II 311; the hydraulic motor I and the hydraulic motor II are started to drive the rotating roller 131 and the crushing disc 31 to rotate.

[0079] For the convenience of cleaning and maintaining the inside of the primary crushing channel, as Figure 3 and Figure 12 shown, a sleeve 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the shovel guide bin 11. The number of sleeves 33 corresponds to the number of crushing pestles 34. The crushing pestles 34 are slidably connected to the sleeves 33, and the second linear electric cylinder 35 is fixedly installed on the top of the sleeves 33; respectively control the multiple crushing pestles 34 to retract into their respective corresponding sleeves 33. At this time, the plane on the lower side of the top of the primary crushing channel is exposed, the weed fragments are no longer blocked by the crushing pestles 34 in the conveying direction, and the sundries adhered to the bottom of the crushing pestles 34 are easily scraped off. The inside of the primary crushing channel can be cleaned with a long-handled shovel, avoiding the residue of weed fragments inside the equipment and affecting the subsequent use of the equipment.

[0080] To improve the application effect of deep fertilizers, as Figure 1 and Figure 13 shown, a plurality of rotators 42 are provided. The working rotation directions of adjacent rotators 42 are the same or opposite, and the number of rotation drivers 43 corresponds to the number of rotators 42; a plurality of rotators 42 are used simultaneously to increase the uniformity of the rotation of the deeper soil layer, so that the fertilizers discharged from the fertilizer pipe I are fully distributed in this part of the soil, and under the action of the compaction roller II 53, continuous fertilization, soil preparation, and compaction links are implemented. Among them, the soil preparation link is implemented in the closed area between the two side baffles 16, which can effectively avoid the splashing of ground soil blocks and reduce potential safety hazards.

[0081] In this embodiment, the compaction roller II 53 is rotatably installed on the shaft rod, the shaft rod is fixedly installed between the two side baffles 16, and the two ends of the compaction roller II 53 are respectively abutted against the inner side surfaces of the two side baffles 16.

[0082] In this embodiment, the installation method of the rotator 42 at the bottom of the raised structure is as follows: A reversing seat 41 is detachably and fixedly installed between two side baffles 16. The rotator 42 is rotatably installed on the reversing seat 41, and a rotation driver 43 for driving the rotator 42 to rotate is installed on the reversing seat 41; the rotator 42 is installed vertically at the bottom of the raised structure; when the equipment is required to perform multi-layer fertilization operations, according to the working depth of the rotator 42, the reversing seat 41 is installed between the two side baffles 16 using a plurality of fasteners such as bolts.

[0083] Embodiment Two:

[0084] The features identical to those in Embodiment One will not be described in detail. The different solution in this embodiment from Embodiment One is as follows: As Figure 2 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 13 shown, in this embodiment, a reversing seat 41 is rotatably installed between two side baffles 16. A driving shaft III 411 is provided at the end of the reversing seat 41. The rotator 42 is rotatably installed on the reversing seat 41, and a rotation driver 43 for driving the rotator 42 to rotate is installed on the reversing seat 41.

[0085] A hydraulic motor III is installed on one side of the side baffle 16. The hydraulic motor III is connected to the driving shaft III 411. Starting the hydraulic motor III drives the reversing seat 41 to rotate; compared with Embodiment One, where the rotator 42 maintains a constant vertical state, using the above solution of this embodiment, by changing the rotation angle of the reversing seat 41 on the side baffle 16, the requirements for different degrees of soil turning operations of the rotator 42 can be freely adjusted to adapt to the use in corn planting fields with various geological conditions;

[0086] Compared with Embodiment One in terms of the installation method of the reversing seat 41, using the above solution of this embodiment, when the equipment is idle, the rotator 42 can be switched from the vertical extended state to the horizontal retracted state, so that the rotator 42 is completely retracted into the area between the bottom of the raised structure and the two side baffles 16, without the need to frequently disassemble the reversing seat 41, and the equipment operation is convenient.

[0087] Embodiment Three:

[0088] The features identical to those in Embodiment One will not be described in detail. The different solution in this embodiment from Embodiment One is as follows: As Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6 and Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment, a shearing arm 21 is horizontally slidably installed at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin 11, a driving arm 23 is fixedly installed on the shearing arm 21, a first linear electric cylinder 24 for controlling the movement of the driving arm 23 is installed on the inner side of the side baffle 16, a U-shaped frame 15 is fixedly installed on the bottom front side of the raised structure, the driving arm 23 is plug-in and slidably connected to the U-shaped frame 15, and a plurality of shovel teeth II 22 with the same shape and size as the shovel teeth I 12 are arranged on the shearing arm 21.

[0089] like Figure 6 As shown, the driving arm 23 is a bent structure, corresponding to the bottom front side contour of the raised structure, ensuring the fit between the driving arm 23 and the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, preventing debris from entering between the driving arm 23 and the shovel guide bin 11, and on this basis, lengthening the top length of the driving arm 23 so that the installation position of the first linear electric cylinder 24 can be away from the ground.

[0090] The first linear electric cylinder 24 is started to control the driving arm 23 and the shredding arm 21 to move back and forth together. During this process, the driving arm 23 is stably embedded in the U-shaped frame 15, so that the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12 are periodically overlapped or staggered, and the weeds on the surface are preliminarily shredded during the process of shoveling, thereby reducing the subsequent crushing pressure.

[0091] To increase the shearing effect of shovel teeth II 22 and shovel teeth I 12 on weeds, Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, a slider 221 is detachably fixedly installed on the shearing arm 21, and the cross-section of the slider 221 is trapezoidal. An embedding groove 113 and a limit plate 114 are provided at the bottom of the shovel guide bin 11, and the slider 221 is slidably connected with the embedding groove 113, and the side of the driving arm 23 and the side of the limit plate 114 are abutted and matched; the slider 221 is engaged with the embedding groove 113 to achieve precise positioning and guiding functions, so that the upper side surface of the shovel tooth II 22 and the lower side surface of the shovel tooth I 12 are kept in a fitted state, the shear force transmission path of the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12 is optimized, and the vibration wear of the shovel teeth during work is reduced, so that the shear force is transmitted along the most effective path, avoiding energy dispersion, and increasing the shearing efficiency and shearing quality of the shovel teeth II 22 and the shovel teeth I 12.

[0092] Embodiment 4:

[0093] The features of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described in detail. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Figure 10 and Figure 12As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a plurality of shear blades 341 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the crushing pestle 34. A rolling head 342 is integrally formed at the front end of the shear blade 341. A bearing plate 36 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel. A plurality of extrusion cutting grooves 361 that can be inserted and fitted with the shear blades 341 and the rolling heads 342 are equidistantly arranged on the top of the bearing plate 36.

[0094] Since the downward movement direction of the crushing pestle 34 extends obliquely along the rear side direction of the bottom of the primary crushing channel, and the rolling head 342 is located at the front end of the crushing pestle 34, the crushing pestle 34 can contact the surface weeds shoveled up prior to the shear blades 341. Under the extrusion of the rolling head 342, a part of the bottom of the weeds is pressed into the extrusion cutting grooves 361, so that the weeds can only slide along the extension direction of the extrusion cutting grooves 361, playing a guiding role. As the subsequent shear blades 341 move downward, the weeds are precisely chopped; under the action of a plurality of independently controlled crushing pestles 34, efficient crushing of the surface weeds and grass seeds is achieved.

[0095] Embodiment Five:

[0096] The features identical to those of Embodiment One will not be elaborated here. The different solutions of this embodiment from Embodiment One are as follows: As Figure 5 and Figure 14 shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the second pressing roller 53 is installed at the bottom of the raised structure through a positioning seat 51 and an annular seat 52; two annular seats 52 are rotatably installed on the second pressing roller 53. The annular seats 52 are vertically slidably connected to the positioning seat 51. The positioning seat 51 is detachably and fixedly connected to the shoveling and guiding bin 11. A cross shaft 54 is fixedly installed between the two annular seats 52. The cross shaft 54 is slidably connected to the positioning seat 51.

[0097] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 14 shown in the figure, a hinge seat 55 is fixedly installed at the rear side of the bottom of the raised structure. A third linear electric cylinder 56 is rotatably installed on the hinge seat 55. A collar is fixedly installed on the movable end of the third linear electric cylinder 56. The collar is rotatably connected to the cross shaft 54.

[0098] Start the third linear electric cylinder 56, control the cross shaft 54 to vertically slide on the positioning seat 51, drive the two annular seats 52 to move synchronously, change the vertical relative position between the second pressing roller 53 and the shoveling and guiding bin 11, and further adjust the pressing force of the second pressing roller 53 on the deep soil layer to adapt to the soil compaction requirements after the different degrees of soil turning operations of multiple soil turning devices 42, avoid excessive loss of fertilizers due to too large soil pores along with factors such as moisture, and thus effectively maintain the soil fertility and improve the agricultural production efficiency.

[0099] In this application, wireless control valves or Internet of Things electric valves are respectively arranged on the fertilizer application pipe Ⅰ and the fertilizer application pipe Ⅱ.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to the technical solution formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the technical solution formed by mutually replacing the above features with the technical features (but not limited to) having similar functions disclosed in this application.

[0101] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the remaining technical features are well-known to those skilled in the art. To highlight the innovative features of the present invention, the remaining technical features will not be elaborated herein.

Claims

1. A multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting, characterized in that, It includes a shovel guide bin (11), the front end or side end of the shovel guide bin (11) is connected to a power device through a towing rod, and the advancing direction of the power device is defined as the front; inside the shovel guide bin (11), a shoveling-in channel (111), a lifting and conveying channel, a primary crushing channel, and a secondary crushing channel are arranged in sequence from front to back; A plurality of shovel teeth I (12) are fixedly installed at the front end of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the bottom of the shoveling-in channel (111); A plurality of rollers (131) are rotatably installed at the top position of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the lifting and conveying channel, and a conveyor belt (13) is sleeved outside the plurality of rollers (131) and is frictionally driven and connected; A plurality of crushing pestles (34) are slidably installed at the top of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the primary crushing channel; the sliding direction of the crushing pestles (34) is offset from the normal line of the horizontal plane, and as the crushing pestles (34) move downward in the primary crushing channel, the surface grass leaves remaining in the primary crushing channel are pushed towards the secondary crushing channel; A fertilizer box I (17) is installed at the top position of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the secondary crushing channel, and a fertilizer pipe I is fixedly connected and communicated at the bottom of the fertilizer box I (17), and the fertilizer pipe I penetrates through the top of the shovel guide bin (11) and extends towards the inside of the secondary crushing channel; An arc-shaped sieve plate (14) and two crushing discs (31) are arranged inside the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the secondary crushing channel, the two crushing discs (31) are rotatably installed on the upper side of the arc-shaped sieve plate (14), a plurality of chopping knives (32) are fixedly installed between the two crushing discs (31), a plurality of sieve holes (141) are arranged on the arc-shaped sieve plate (14), and a slag discharge notch is arranged at the lower side position of the shovel guide bin (11) corresponding to the arc-shaped sieve plate (14); When the chopping knives (32) chop the weed fragments, the arc-shaped sieve plate (14) plays a role of support and screening, the incompletely chopped weed fragments are left on the upper side of the arc-shaped sieve plate (14) to continue to be cut by the chopping knives (32), and during the secondary crushing process, the weed fragments and the materials discharged from the inside of the fertilizer box I (17) are uniformly mixed; A raised structure is integrally formed in the middle of the bottom of the shovel guide bin (11), and side baffles (16) are fixedly installed on both sides of the raised structure; at the bottom of the raised structure, a fertilizer box II (18), a rotary tiller (42), and a pressure roller II (53) are installed in sequence from front to back, and a fertilizer pipe II is fixedly connected and communicated at the bottom of the fertilizer box II (18); The slag discharge notch is located at the rear side of the raised structure.

2. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of rotary tillers (42) are provided, the working rotation directions of adjacent rotary tillers (42) are opposite, the plurality of rotary tillers (42) are jointly rotatably installed on a reversing seat (41), a rotation driver (43) is installed on the reversing seat (41), the number of rotation drivers (43) corresponds to the number of rotary tillers (42), and the reversing seat (41) is rotatably installed between the two side baffles (16).

3. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, A shredding arm (21) is horizontally and slidably installed at the bottom of the front end of the shovel guide bin (11). A driving arm (23) is fixedly installed on the shredding arm (21). A U-shaped frame (15) is fixedly installed on the front side of the bottom of the raised structure. The driving arm (23) is inserted and slidably connected with the U-shaped frame (15). A plurality of shovel teeth II (22) are arranged on the shredding arm (21).

4. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of cutting edges (341) are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the grinding pestle (34). A rolling head (342) is integrally formed at the front end of the cutting edge (341). A bearing plate (36) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bottom of the primary crushing channel. A plurality of extrusion cutting grooves (361) capable of being inserted and fitted with the cutting edges (341) and the rolling heads (342) are equidistantly arranged on the top of the bearing plate (36).

5. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, wherein, The second pressing roller (53) is installed at the bottom of the raised structure through a positioning seat (51) and an annular seat (52). Two annular seats (52) are rotatably installed on the second pressing roller (53). The annular seat (52) is vertically slidably connected with the positioning seat (51). The positioning seat (51) is detachably and fixedly connected with the shovel guide bin (11). A cross shaft (54) is fixedly installed between the two annular seats (52). The cross shaft (54) is slidably connected with the positioning seat (51).

6. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 5, characterized in that, A hinge seat (55) is fixedly installed on the rear side of the bottom of the raised structure. A third linear electric cylinder (56) is rotatably installed on the hinge seat (55). A collar is fixedly installed on the movable end of the third linear electric cylinder (56). The collar is rotatably connected with the cross shaft (54).

7. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 3, characterized in that, A slider (221) is detachably and fixedly installed on the shredding arm (21). An embedding groove (113) and a limiting plate (114) are arranged at the bottom of the shovel guide bin (11). The slider (221) is inserted and slidably connected with the embedding groove (113). The side part of the driving arm (23) is in abutting fit with the side part of the limiting plate (114).

8. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross section of the cutting knife (32) is circular. A blade-shaped protrusion is integrally formed on the side part of the circular cutting knife (32). The extending direction of the blade-shaped protrusion is consistent with the rotation tangent direction of the crushing disc (31) at this position.

9. The multi-layer fertilization device for corn planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filling pipe is fixedly installed and communicated at the top side end of the second fertilizer box (18). The filling pipe penetrates through the side baffle (16) and extends towards the outside of the side baffle (16). A filling cover (181) is detachably and fixedly installed at the end of the filling pipe.

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