Pelletized seed filling agent and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pelleted seed filling agent and application thereof, the pelleted seed filling agent is composed of a mineral filling agent and an organic filling agent according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4); wherein the mineral filling agent is prepared from 40 to 60 parts of diatomite and 40 to 60 parts of bentonite; and the organic filler comprises poplar powder in parts by mass. The pelleted seed filling agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the stacking property, the flowability and the storage stability are taken into consideration, pelletizing is facilitated, the prepared pelleted seeds are regular, uniform, approximately spherical and moderate in strength, the integrity of the pelleted seeds in the transportation process can be ensured, and shell breaking and cracking are easy. Meanwhile, obvious positive promotion is achieved on germination and seedling formation of the pelleted seeds, seed germination is improved, and the emergence rate and the robustness are improved. The formula is simple, the raw materials are easily available and cheap, and the pelletizing cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a pelletized seed filler and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of pelletized seed fillers. Background Art

[0002] High-quality seeds are the foundation of all agricultural production and the cornerstone of agricultural harvest. They should have excellent variety attributes and good sowing quality. Seeds are the "chips" of agriculture, and seed processing technology is an important link in it. It is the most cost-effective service method, which can achieve early plant protection, precise pesticide application, labor saving and labor saving, and add special attributes to variety promotion and sales.

[0003] Seed pelleting technology can make seeds larger, stronger and more regular, and realize mechanized sowing. In recent years, my country's seed pelleting market has gradually expanded, but the high price of fillers has had a serious impact on the development of my country's pelleting industry.

[0004] Pelleted seeds are mainly divided into four types: heavy pelleting, thin shell pelleting, flat pelleting and clustered pelleting. Heavy pelleting means that the weight of pelleted seeds is more than 5 times that of naked seeds, which is suitable for small or light seeds such as vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines. Heavy pelleting makes small seeds larger, heavier and more regular, increases the speed of vertical landing during sowing and the accuracy of the landing position after sowing, and facilitates mechanized operations. The "North American Crop Breeding Center" (NAPB) in the United States first used heavy pelleting technology to solve the problem of forage seed sowing. Thin shell pelleting means that the weight of pelleted seeds is about 0.5-5.0 times that of naked seeds, which is suitable for large and medium seeds such as grains and vegetables. The filler component in thin shell pelleting allows seeds to establish an isolation layer with pesticides, reducing the damage of pesticides to seeds, and is mostly used in the field of organic agriculture. Flat pelleting means that the weight of pelleted seeds is more than 2 times that of naked seeds, which is suitable for slender irregular or nearly spherical medium seeds. Flat pelleting makes the seeds heavier and oval, which is convenient for aerial sowing, improves the accuracy of aerial sowing and the stability of seed landing, and ensures the sowing quality. Cluster pelleting refers to pelleting 2-3 seeds of different species or varieties with the same growth habits into one large seed, which is suitable for flower and grass seeds, etc., and is mostly used in the field of ornamental horticulture.

[0005] The function of fillers is to change the shape, size and weight of seeds. Fillers are required to have low solubility, no pollution to the environment and no adverse effects on the seeds themselves. They must be crushed to a certain fineness, be evenly mixed with other substances, and be breathable, so that pesticides, micro-fertilizers, etc. are slowly released and continuously supplied. Fillers are mainly divided into mineral fillers and organic fillers.

[0006] When pelleting seeds, adhesives are continuously added to make fillers adhere to the surface of seeds. Although pelleting can solve the problem of mechanized sowing, the existing pelleting technology often requires the addition of plant regulators to reduce the impact of pelleting on seed development. The cost of plant regulators is relatively high, which in turn increases the cost of pelleting. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides a pelletized seed filler and application thereof. The pelletized seed filler has an obvious promoting effect on seed development while ensuring a pelletizing effect.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A pelletized seed filler, whose raw material components consist of a mineral filler and an organic filler in a mass ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4); wherein the mineral filler comprises 40-60 parts of diatomaceous earth and 40-60 parts of bentonite; and the organic filler comprises poplar powder, the parts being by mass.

[0010] Materials that can be used as mineral fillers include attapulgite, talc, activated carbon, perlite, zeolite, gypsum, montmorillonite, fly ash, washed kaolin, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, calcium-based bentonite, calcined kaolin, etc. However, the inventors found that it is difficult to achieve a good pelleting effect by using only one filler. For example, some fillers have good stacking properties but poor fluidity; some fillers have good fluidity but poor compressibility; some fillers have strong water absorption, which makes the seeds easy to mold and deteriorate after pelleting, and it is also easy for the seeds to absorb water from the environment, resulting in seed fission during storage; at the same time, the choice of fillers will also affect the germination and emergence properties of the seeds.

[0011] In order to obtain a filler with excellent performance, the inventors considered compounding different fillers. However, the inventors found in experiments that diatomaceous earth has the characteristics of porosity, low density and good adsorption, and bentonite is a good inert powder with strong expansion and adhesion. By compounding diatomaceous earth, bentonite and poplar powder according to specific dosages, the stacking, fluidity and storage stability of the filler are taken into account, which is conducive to pelletization. The obtained pelletized seeds are regular and uniform, approximately spherical, and have moderate strength. The integrity of the pelletized seeds during transportation can be ensured, and the shells are easy to break and crack. At the same time, it has a significant positive promotion on the germination and seedling formation of the pelletized seeds, improves seed germination, and increases the emergence rate and robustness.

[0012] Bentonite can also absorb heavy metal ions and improve soil. Mixing and pelletizing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite can also improve water retention and effectively alleviate the problem of seed germination under drought stress. Further preferably, the bentonite is a mixture of calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0013] In order to further improve the effect of promoting seed germination and seedling formation, the organic filler also includes bamboo powder. More preferably, the mass ratio of poplar powder to bamboo powder is 10: (0.5-1).

[0014] As a further preferred solution, the organic filler further includes cypress powder. The inventors found that the addition of cypress powder can significantly promote the improvement of germination and emergence performance, and at the same time has a certain insecticide effect, and enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants.

[0015] More preferably, the mass ratio of poplar powder, bamboo powder and cypress powder is 10:(0.5-1):(0.1-0.3).

[0016] In order to further improve the filling performance, the mineral filler also includes 1 to 3 parts of fly ash, the parts are by mass, so that the stacking property is good and the molding is easy.

[0017] The pelletized seed filler is used for pelletizing rice seeds and sorghum seeds.

[0018] Different crops or different varieties of the same crop have different characteristics, and specific conditions and specific varieties require specific pelleting formulas. The preferred varieties for this application are: rice seeds are of the variety Taiyou 808; sorghum seeds are of the variety Hongyingzi 1619.

[0019] The “parts” in this application, unless otherwise specified, are all parts by mass.

[0020] The bulk density (Da) and tap density (Dc) can reflect the stacking ability of powders. The bulk density is the ratio of the space occupied by the powder in the container when there is no external force to the volume of the container. Powders with large bulk density have good fluidity, filler and compressibility, and have more contact points between particles and strong binding force; the size of the tap density affects the compaction state of the particles. The larger the tap density, the stronger the binding force and stacking property.

[0021] The angle of repose refers to the natural slope or angle of powder free accumulation in a static equilibrium state, also known as the angle of repose, which reflects the fluidity of the powder. The smaller the angle of repose, the better the fluidity of the powder.

[0022] The moisture content of the powder reflects the stability of the powder. Powder with high moisture content is prone to mold and deterioration. After being processed into pelletized seeds, the process of seeds absorbing moisture from the environment is accelerated, resulting in accelerated fission of the seeds.

[0023] The technologies not mentioned in the present invention are all referred to the prior art.

[0024] The pelletized seed filler of the present invention takes into account the stacking property, fluidity and storage stability, is conducive to pelletization, and the obtained pelletized seeds are regular and uniform, approximately spherical, moderate in strength, can ensure the integrity of the pelletized seeds during transportation, and are easy to break the shell and crack. At the same time, it has a significant positive promotion on the germination and seedling formation of the pelletized seeds, improves seed germination, and increases the emergence rate and robustness. The formula is simple, the raw materials are easily available and cheap, and the pelletization cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The appearance of each example of sorghum seed after pelleting;

[0026] Figure 2 The appearance of each rice seed after pelleting is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 is the germination potential of pelletized sorghum seeds in each case;

[0028] Figure 4 is the germination rate of pelleted sorghum seeds in each case;

[0029] Figure 5 is the tooth length of each pelletized sorghum seed;

[0030] Figure 6 is the root length of each pelletized sorghum seed;

[0031] Figure 7 is the germination potential of pelletized rice seeds in each case;

[0032] Figure 8 is the germination rate of pelletized rice seeds in each case;

[0033] Fig. 9 is the tooth length of each pelletized rice seed;

[0034] Fig.10 is the root length of each pelletized rice seed;

[0035] Fig.11 is the germination rate of pelleted sorghum seeds in each case;

[0036] Fig.12 is the germination rate of pelleted rice seeds in each case; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0038] Test crops: The rice variety was Taiyou 808, purchased from Guizhou Zhuohao Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.; the sorghum variety was Hongyingzi 1619, provided by Guizhou Maotai Distillery (Group) Hongyingzi Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0039] Test fillers: crush each filler, and use an electric vibrating screen to select the 200-300 mesh part for testing. Among them, the organic fillers are: poplar powder (origin Hebei, brand Yuzhan), bamboo powder (pure bamboo powder, Jinzhai County Chengbang Bamboo and Wood Technology Co., Ltd.), cypress powder (Platycladus orientalis leaves, origin Hebei, brand Yibo medicinal materials); mineral fillers are: diatomaceous earth (brand Huayao), calcium-based bentonite (Hebei Xinxu Mineral Products Co., Ltd.) and sodium-based bentonite (Hebei Xinxu Mineral Products Co., Ltd.) with a mass ratio of 1:1, and fly ash (brand Huayao).

[0040] Test instruments:

[0041] Main test instruments

[0042]

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A pelletized seed filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of calcium-based bentonite, 25 parts of sodium-based bentonite, and 30 parts of poplar powder. Before use, the raw material components can be mixed evenly.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A pelletized seed filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of calcium-based bentonite, 25 parts of sodium-based bentonite, 30 parts of poplar powder, and 2 parts of bamboo powder. Before use, all the raw material components can be mixed evenly.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A pelletized seed filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of calcium-based bentonite, 25 parts of sodium-based bentonite, 30 parts of poplar powder, 2 parts of bamboo powder, and 0.6 parts of cypress powder. Before use, all the raw material components can be mixed evenly.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] A pelletized seed filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of calcium-based bentonite, 25 parts of sodium-based bentonite, 2 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of poplar powder, 2 parts of bamboo powder, and 0.6 parts of cypress powder. Before use, all the raw material components can be mixed evenly.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] A pelletized seed filler is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 25 parts of calcium-based bentonite, and 25 parts of sodium-based bentonite. Before use, the raw material components can be mixed evenly.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] A pelletized seed filler, the raw material component of which is diatomaceous earth.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] A pelletized seed filler, the raw material components of which are calcium-based bentonite.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] A pelletized seed filler, the raw material component of which is poplar powder.

[0059] Comparative Example 5

[0060] A pelletized seed filler, the raw material component of which is bamboo powder.

[0061] Filler performance test:

[0062] 1. Bulk density and tap density: Use HYL-101 density tester to measure bulk density (Da) and tap density (Dc). Put filler with mass M1 into the container, and the volume of the container occupied by the filler is V1; put filler with mass M2 into the container, and after oscillation for 10 minutes with amplitude of 3mm and frequency of 300 times / min, the volume of the container occupied by the filler is V2, which is calculated according to the following formula: Da = M1 / V1; Dc = M2 / V2.

[0063] 2. Angle of repose: The angle of repose (AR) was measured using the expulsion method. A height of 12 cm was marked on a cylindrical container with a diameter of 8.5 cm and a height of 20 cm. The filler was placed into the cylindrical container, the entrance was covered with a lid, the cylindrical container was turned over, and the cylindrical container was tapped to reduce the gap between the fillers until it was level with the marked height. Finally, the cylindrical container was slowly pulled out, and the horizontal photograph was taken, and the angle of repose of the filler was measured using Image J.

[0064] 3. Moisture content: The moisture content (MC) of the filler is determined by the drying method. The filler that has been stored in the warehouse for three months is weighed as M1 and placed in an aluminum box. It is placed in a 105°C oven and dried to a constant weight, weighed as M2, and calculated according to the following formula: MC (%) = (M1-M2) / M1×100%.

[0065] Table 1 Bulk density, tap density, angle of repose and water content of fillers

[0066]

[0067] The increase of bulk density and tap density is conducive to stacking; the increase of repose angle will deteriorate the fluidity, and when the repose angle is greater than 40°, the powder cannot flow freely; the water content of the powder reflects the stability of the powder, and the powder with high water content is easy to mold and deteriorate. It can be seen from the above table that the fillers obtained in the above Examples 1-4 take into account the stacking property, fluidity and storage stability.

[0068] Pelletizing steps:

[0069] 1. At room temperature of 25°C, weigh 80 grams of Hongyingzi 1619 seeds (seed particle size is 3.0-3.5MM), 120 grams of filler, and 120 mL of adhesive (aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (brand Feihu, Henan Mingang Food Ingredients Co., Ltd.) with a mass concentration of 1%).

[0070] Preparation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solution: At room temperature of 25°C, weigh 20g sodium carboxymethylcellulose using a precision electronic balance, gradually add it to a beaker with 500ml of water, stir with a glass while adding, pour the solution used to wash the glass rod into the beaker, adjust the volume to 2000ml, and stir on a magnetic stirrer (setting parameters: speed 1000 rpm, temperature 60°C, time 360 ​​minutes) to fully dissolve the CMC adhesive. A concentration of 1% CMC is obtained.

[0071] 2. Adjust the parameters of the pelletizing machine: speed 27 rpm, water tray speed 100 rpm, water discharge speed 25 mL / min.

[0072] 3. Add 80g of seeds to the pelleting machine, add 10ml of APM adhesive to moisten the surface of the seeds, and then add 10g of bamboo powder to complete the process. Continue to add APM adhesive and bamboo powder until 120ml of adhesive and bamboo powder (a total of 120g of bamboo powder for 80g of seeds and 120ml of adhesive) are added to increase the particle size of the pelleted seeds. The total processing time is 30 minutes, and the pelleted seeds are taken out.

[0073] 4. Drying parameters: temperature is 35°C, time is 30 minutes. Place the pelletized seeds in an electric heated air drying oven to dry.

[0074] 5. Sieve the dried pelletized seeds through 4.5MM and 5MM sieves to obtain 4.5-5MM pelletized seeds.

[0075] The amount of rice seed material, pelleting process and testing were the same as those of sorghum seeds, and the thickness of the pelleting layer was about 1.5 mm.

[0076] The seeds pelletized with the fillers in each example were numbered as follows.

[0077] Seed number after pelleting

[0078] Example Abbreviation Example Abbreviation Blank control CK Comparative Example 1 D1 Example 1 E1 Comparative Example 2 D2 Example 2 E2 Comparative Example 3 D3 Example 3 E3 Comparative Example 4 D4 Example 4 E4 Comparative Example 5 D5

[0079] Sorghum seeds pelletized with various fillers are as follows: Figure 1 As shown by Figure 1 It can be seen that CK is oval, with a groove at one end and a protrusion at the other end. Comparison of filler type sorghum pelleted seeds with CK, the pelleted seeds obtained in Examples 1-4 completely encapsulate the grooves and protrusions on the surface of the naked seeds, are regular and uniform, and are approximately spherical, among which the phenotype of Example 4 is the best. The pelleted seeds obtained in Comparative Examples 2-4 are irregular in shape, Comparative Example 5 has the problem of incomplete encapsulation, and the pelleted seeds obtained in Comparative Example 1 have cracks on the surface.

[0080] The rice seeds pelletized with each filler are as follows: Figure 2 As shown by Figure 2 It can be seen that CK is flat and tapered at both ends. Filler type Sorghum pelleted seeds Compared with CK, the pelleted seeds obtained in Examples 1-4 completely wrapped the grooves and protrusions on the surface of the naked seeds, regular and uniform, and approximately spherical. The pelleted seeds obtained in Comparative Examples 2-4 have irregular shapes, and some have cracks at the ends of the wrapping. The size of the rice pelleted seeds in Comparative Example 5 varies greatly. The pelleted seeds obtained in Comparative Example 1 have cracks on the surface.

[0081] Determination of pelleted seed indexes

[0082] 1. Seed-bearing rate and single-seed rate: Randomly select 200 pelleted seeds from each treatment sample, peel off the pelleted shells, record the number of naked seeds after peeling, calculate the seed-bearing rate and single-seed rate, and repeat each treatment three times.

[0083] 2. Breakage rate: Randomly select 100 pelletized seeds from each treatment sample and put them into the CJY-300E tablet brittleness tester. After rotating them clockwise and counterclockwise for 200 times at 50 rpm, record the broken pelletized seeds and calculate the breakage rate. Each treatment was repeated three times.

[0084] 3. Cracking: Place two layers of filter paper in a germination box with a side length of 12 cm and inject 30 ml of tap water into it. Place 100 pelleted seeds on a petri dish containing moistened filter paper, record the number of pelleted seeds that crack in 10 minutes, and calculate the cracking rate. Repeat each treatment three times.

[0085] 4. Germination: Place three layers of square qualitative filter paper with a side length of 12 cm flat on the bottom of a germination box with a diameter of 12 cm, soak it with distilled water, and make a filter paper germination bed. Sow the pelleted seeds prepared in advance on the germination bed and place them in an artificial climate chamber with a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 70%, and a photoperiod of 12h to wait for germination. Set up 3 repetitions, with 100 seeds in each repetition. The seed germination standard is that the observed radicle protrusion length reaches half the width of the seed. Record the number of germinations from 1 to 7 days for sorghum pelleted seeds, and record the number of germinations from 1 to 9 days for rice pelleted seeds. On the 7th day of sorghum pelleted seeds and the 9th day of rice pelleted seeds, randomly select 10 seedlings in each repetition to measure the sprout length and root length. Statistical calculations were performed to obtain the germination potential and germination rate. Germination potential (%) = (number of seeds germinated on day 3 / number of seeds tested) × 100%; germination rate (%) = (number of seeds germinated on day 7 or 9 / number of seeds tested) × 100%.

[0086] Single-seed rate and seed-containing rate of sorghum and rice seeds

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from the above table, the present application can achieve 100% single seed rate and seed rate at the same time.

[0090] The breakage and cracking rates of sorghum and rice seeds

[0091]

[0092] It can be seen from the above table that the pelletized seeds obtained in the present application have moderate strength and are not broken, which can ensure the integrity of the pelletized seeds during transportation and are easy to break and crack.

[0093] Depend on Figure 3-6 It can be seen that the germination of sorghum pelleted seeds with different fillers is somewhat different from that of CK. The filler of the present application can promote the improvement of sorghum germination performance to a certain extent, and can also promote the growth of roots and buds, which is beneficial to the later development into seedlings.

[0094] Depend on Figure 7-10 It can be seen that the germination of rice pelletized seeds with different fillers is somewhat different from that of CK. The filler of the present application can promote the improvement of rice germination performance to a certain extent, and can also promote the growth of roots and buds, which is beneficial to the later development into seedlings.

[0095] Pelleted seed germination test:

[0096] 1. Rice seedling emergence test

[0097] A pot experiment was conducted in the artificial climate room of the Rice Industry Technology Research Institute of the College of Agriculture of Guizhou University. 3 kg of mixed soil (sterilized Guizhou University farm soil mixed with commercial nutrient soil in a ratio of 4:1) and excess water were placed in a plastic pot (L = 25 cm, W = 20 cm, H = 18 cm) and mixed well. After standing for 1 day, the surface water was poured out and sown. After sowing 30 rice pellet seeds in the plastic pot, they were covered with thin soil and water was added every day. The rest of the cultivation and management measures were the same, and the bare seeds were set as blank controls, recorded as CK, and each treatment was repeated three times. The number of seedlings was measured every day after sowing, and 10 seedlings were randomly selected on the 30th day of each treatment to measure their plant height. Plant height was measured with an ordinary tape measure.

[0098] 2. Sorghum emergence test

[0099] The pot experiment was carried out in the artificial climate room of the Rice Industry Technology Research Institute of the College of Agriculture of Guizhou University. 0.8 kg of mixed soil (sterilized Guizhou University farm soil and commercially purchased nutrient soil mixed in a ratio of 3:2) was placed in a square plastic pot (L = 10 cm, H = 8 cm), a small amount of water was sprayed to moisten the soil, 25 pelleted seeds were planted, covered with a thin layer of soil, and water was added every day. The subsequent treatment was consistent with the rice seedling emergence test.

[0100] Seedling emergence rates of sorghum and rice Figure 11-12 As can be seen from the figure, the filler compounded in the present application has an obvious positive promotion effect on seedling emergence.

[0101] Plant height of sorghum and rice seeds

[0102]

[0103] It can be seen from the above table that the filler compounded in the present application has significantly improved germination performance and emergence performance, and the taller plants have thicker stems.

Claims

1. A pelletized seed filler, characterized in that: The raw material components are composed of mineral fillers and organic fillers in a mass ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4); wherein the mineral fillers include 40-60 parts of diatomaceous earth and 40-60 parts of bentonite; and the organic fillers include poplar powder, and the parts are by mass.

2. The pelletized seed filler according to claim 1, characterized in that: Organic fillers also include bamboo powder.

3. The pelletized seed filler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of poplar powder to bamboo powder is 10:(0.5~1).

4. The pelletized seed filler according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: Organic fillers also include cypress powder.

5. The pelletized seed filler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of poplar powder, bamboo powder and cypress powder is 10:(0.5-1):(0.1-0.3).

6. The pelletized seed filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The bentonite is a mixture of calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

7. The pelletized seed filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The mineral filler also includes 1 to 3 parts of fly ash, where the parts are by mass.

8. An application of the pelletized seed filler according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Used for pelleting rice seeds and sorghum seeds.

9. The use of the pelletized seed filler as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The rice seed variety is Taiyou 808; the sorghum seed variety is Hongyingzi 1619.

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