Dietary fiber raw material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a dietary fiber raw material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, uniformly mixing fresh potato starch residues with fresh bean residues, crushing and mixing the potato bean residues, stirring with water to adjust the moisture of the materials, adding calcium oxide, continuously stirring, standing, carrying out filter pressing, and scattering into small particles; and 2, steam explosion: mixing ethanol according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1: (4-6), uniformly stirring, standing, carrying out solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine, and drying to obtain the dietary fiber raw material. The potato starch residues are fully utilized, nutrient substances in the fresh bean dregs are supplemented, particularly main nutrient substances in the mixed potato bean dregs formed by the potato residues and the bean dregs are converted and reserved, the potato bean dregs are rich in resistant starch and pectin, the treatment process is relatively simple, an enzyme preparation does not need to be added, and the production cost is low. According to the present invention, the dietary fiber 1: 1 bran replacement is blended into the complete ration of the sow to feed, such that the body condition of the sow can be improved, and the reproductive performance of the sow can be improved;

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dietary fiber preparation, and in particular to a dietary fiber raw material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous deepening of research on animal nutrition and physiology, modern animal nutrition experts generally believe that dietary fiber (DF, usually refers to carbohydrates with more than 3 sugar units that cannot be digested, degraded, and absorbed by digestive enzymes secreted by the intestines) is the seventh nutrient for the animal body. Its deficiency will increase the risk of animals suffering from chronic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease.

[0003] Sows are usually restricted in feeding during pregnancy to control their body size and prevent problems such as dystocia due to excessive weight. However, excessive feeding restriction makes sows hungry and they show abnormal behaviors during pregnancy, such as chewing empty food, biting the fence, standing up and lying down frequently, which have a negative impact on the reproductive performance of sows. DF with an appropriate concentration level can not only increase satiety and promote intestinal peristalsis, but also effectively control the body condition of sows and improve their reproductive performance, thereby improving the economic benefits of pig farms. Therefore, "high-fiber" feeding is the main development direction of sow feeding in the future: the intake of high-fiber diets during pregnancy can significantly improve the number of live births and the number of weaned piglets in sows, and can significantly increase the feed intake during lactation, improving the production performance of piglets. Studies have shown that increasing the quality and level of dietary fiber in corn-soybean meal diets significantly affects the composition of sow microorganisms and metabolites, improves sow follicular development and oocyte quality, and reduces follicular apoptosis. Caspase-3 signaling may be involved in dietary fiber's reduction of follicular apoptosis; dietary fiber significantly promotes the development of reproductive organs such as the uterus and fallopian tubes.

[0004] At present, conventional fiber raw materials such as bran are mainly used as dietary fiber supplements in breeding, but it has been reported that conventional fiber raw materials such as bran have a small proportion of fermentable dietary fiber and contain anti-nutritional factors. Large-scale feeding may cause diarrhea and other health problems, and mineral nutrition is unbalanced, prone to mildew, and mycotoxins often exceed the standard, which may not play the best role in the body condition of sows and improving the reproductive performance of sows. In addition, there are also studies reporting that fermentable dietary fibers such as resistant starch and pectin have a positive effect on improving the body condition of sows and improving the reproductive performance of sows, but resistant starch and pectin are mainly used in food and have a high cost price. Therefore, providing a better dietary fiber raw material is a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dietary fiber raw material and a preparation method and application thereof in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, two portions of fresh potato starch residue and one portion of fresh bean dregs are mixed evenly to obtain mixed potato and bean dregs; after the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm using a colloid mill, the mixed potato and bean dregs are placed in a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 90-95% moisture, 0.05-0.3% of the total weight of calcium oxide is added, the material is continuously stirred to mix evenly, the material is allowed to stand for 5-20 minutes, the material is stirred again to mix evenly, a filter press is used to filter to 60-80% moisture, and a disperser is used to disperse the material to form small particles;

[0009] Step 2: putting the small particles obtained in step 1 into a steam explosion device for steam explosion, wherein the parameters of the steam explosion device are 0.8-1.5 MPa and 3-10 min. After the steam explosion is completed, the particles are rapidly cooled, and then immediately mixed with 2-8° C. ethanol according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6), stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 3-10 hours. A centrifuge is used for solid-liquid separation, and the solids are collected and broken into small particles, and then immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 95-105° C. to obtain the dietary fiber raw material.

[0010] Furthermore, in the step 1, the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm using a colloid mill, put into a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 92-95% moisture, add 0.2-0.3% of the total weight of calcium oxide, continue to stir to mix the material, let it stand for 15-20 minutes, stir again to mix the material evenly, use a filter press to filter to 60-70% moisture, and use a disperser to disperse it into small particles.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step 2, the parameters of the steam explosion equipment are 1-1.5MPa and 6-10min. After the steam explosion is completed and the mixture is rapidly cooled, 4-8°C ethanol is immediately mixed in at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 8-10h. A centrifuge is used to separate the solid and liquid, the solids are collected and broken into small particles, and the solids are immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 100-105°C.

[0012] Furthermore, in the step 1, the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.3 mm using a colloid mill, put into a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 95% moisture, add 0.2% of the total weight of calcium oxide, continue stirring to mix the material, let it stand for 15 minutes, stir again to mix the material evenly, use a filter press to filter to 70% moisture, and use a disperser to disperse it into small particles.

[0013] Furthermore, in the step 2, the parameters of the steam explosion equipment are 1 MPa and 6 min. After the steam explosion is completed and the mixture is rapidly cooled, 4° C. ethanol is immediately mixed in at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 8 hours. A centrifuge is used to separate the solid and liquid, and the solids are collected and broken into small particles, which are immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 100° C.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a dietary fiber raw material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0015] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned dietary fiber raw materials in the preparation of sow breeding feed. When used for sow breeding, the dietary fiber raw materials are mixed into the complete diet at a 1:1 replacement of bran for feeding, and the proportion of the dietary fiber raw materials in the complete diet is ≤5%.

[0016] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1) Potato starch processing and bean product processing enterprises produce a large amount of potato residue and bean residue every year; the moisture content of fresh potato residue is as high as 90%, and the dry matter inside it contains about 30%-40% starch and 53% dietary cellulose (including 15%-20% pectin); the moisture content of fresh bean residue is 85%, and the dry matter inside it contains about 60% dietary fiber. The above potato residue and bean residue have high recycling value. Fresh potato starch residue and fresh bean residue not only have high moisture content, but also are loose and difficult to store and transport. After being discarded and corrupted, they cause great environmental pollution. Therefore, properly handling these waste residues from starch processing and bean product processing is of great significance to improving economic benefits and preventing ecological environment deterioration.

[0018] The invention makes full use of potato starch residue and supplements the nutrients in fresh bean dregs, especially transforms and retains the main nutrients in the mixed potato and bean dregs formed by potato residues and bean dregs, is rich in resistant starch and pectin, has a relatively simple processing process, does not need to add enzyme preparations, and has low production cost.

[0019] 2) The present invention can effectively transform the mixed potato and bean dregs into dietary fiber with low toxin, low anti-nutritional factor, low production cost and rich in resistant starch and pectin through physical crushing, dietary fiber coagulation, steam explosion with synchronous physical and chemical action, cold ethanol physical regeneration precipitation, drying and other process flows, wherein the starch in the potato starch dregs is partially modified to be resistant starch, the resistant starch content of the finished product is ≥15%, and the pectin content of the finished product can be basically completely retained to be ≥20%, that is, the effective dietary fiber components such as pectin are retained as much as possible, and part of the starch and cellulose are modified to form high-efficiency dietary fiber components.

[0020] 3) By comparing the results of in vitro fermentability tests of fiber raw materials such as bran, the present invention found that the finished dietary fiber product produced from the modified mixed potato and bean dregs has better in vitro fermentability and is easier to ferment in the pig intestine to produce volatile fatty acids.

[0021] 4) A feeding test was conducted in which the dietary fiber of the present invention was mixed with bran as a 1:1 substitute in the complete diet of sows. The results showed that the dietary fiber of the present invention was easily fermented in the pig intestine to produce volatile fatty acids, which helped to improve the intestinal flora of sows, improve the body condition of sows and enhance the reproductive performance of sows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the gas production curve of in vitro fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Weigh 1 kg of fresh potato residue and 0.5 kg of fresh bean residue, mix them evenly to obtain mixed potato and bean residue, determine the moisture content of the fresh residue, and calculate 165.20 g of dry matter; use a colloid mill to grind the mixed potato and bean residue to a particle size of 0.3 mm, put it into a container and mix it with water to adjust the moisture content of the material to 95%, add 0.2% of the total weight of calcium oxide, continue stirring to mix the material, let it stand for 15 minutes, mix it again, use a plate and frame filter press to filter to 70% moisture, and use a disperser to disperse it into small particles.

[0027] The obtained small particles are placed in a steam explosion device for steam explosion. The parameters of the steam explosion device are 1 MPa and 6 min. After the steam explosion is completed, the particles are quickly cooled and immediately mixed with 4°C ethanol according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5. The particles are stirred evenly and allowed to stand for 8 hours. A centrifuge is used for solid-liquid separation. The solids are collected and dried. The drying temperature is controlled at 100°C and the particles are dried until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain a dietary fiber raw material.

[0028] After being dried to absolute dryness, 148.4 g of dietary fiber was weighed and the dietary fiber extraction rate of the present invention was calculated. It was found through calculation that the dietary fiber extraction rate of the present invention reached 89.83%, which is quite considerable. The production and processing technology is relatively simple, the raw materials are relatively cheap, and the comprehensive production and processing cost is low.

[0029] Bran, commercially available dietary fiber feed raw materials, the mixed potato and bean dregs (dried) in Example 1 and the dietary fiber feed raw materials of the present invention were obtained for comparative testing. 3-5 samples of each category were collected and dried to absolute dryness. Dietary fiber detection was carried out according to GB 5009.88-2023 National Food Safety Standard Determination of Dietary Fiber in Food; Resistant starch detection was carried out according to NY / T4358-2023 Spectrophotometric Determination of Resistant Starch in Plant-derived Food; Pectin content detection was carried out according to NY / T 2016-2011 Spectrophotometric Determination of Pectin Content in Fruits and Their Products; Toxins were detected using the Beijing Rejing Biotoxin Kit; phytic acid detection was carried out according to GB 5009.153-2016 National Food Safety Standard Determination of Phytic Acid in Food, and NY / T 3951-2021 Determination of Solanine Content in Potatoes Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry was used to calculate the average value. The test results (based on absolute dry matter) are as follows Table 1-Table 2:

[0030] Table 1 Fiber composition index and dietary fiber physical properties test results

[0031]

[0032] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the dietary fiber of the present invention better preserves the pectin in the mixed potato dregs raw material, and the proportion of pectin in the dietary fiber raw material reaches 21.17%, and the proportion of total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber is increased, and part of the starch is converted into resistant starch with dietary fiber function, and the proportion of resistant starch is measured to reach 16.78%. It can be seen from the results of the physical properties of dietary fiber that compared with bran, the dietary fiber of the present invention has better water holding rate and water absorption and swelling properties.

[0033] Table 2 Toxin and anti-nutritional factor determination results

[0034]

[0035] It can be seen from the results in Table 2 that compared with bran and mixed sweet potato and bean dregs dry raw materials, the dietary fiber of the present invention has lower contents of three common toxins and anti-nutritional factors, phytic acid and solanine (glycoalkaloid). The results show that the dietary fiber of the present invention basically does not contain common mycotoxins and has the characteristics of low toxins and anti-nutritional factors.

[0036] Example 2 In vitro fermentation test of sow intestinal flora to evaluate the fermentability of raw materials

[0037] In vitro fermentation test, the specific method is as follows Sun Haiqing (2013), the four fiber raw materials in Example 1 above, the obtained 20% pectin sample (a pectin sample with a concentration of 20% is configured with a filler material that does not affect the test results) and the 15% resistant starch sample (a resistant starch sample with a concentration of 15% is configured with a filler material that does not affect the test results), a total of 6 dietary fiber raw materials (with equal absolute dry matter mass) were enzymatically hydrolyzed in vitro by the two-step pepsin-pancreatin method to simulate digestion in the front part of the pig digestive tract.

[0038] The residue after enzymatic hydrolysis was freeze-dried, and the dried samples were collected as fermentation substrates. The samples were stored at 4°C for testing. The fecal samples of pregnant sows (Du Changda) were used as the fermentation bacteria source. In order to reduce individual differences, fecal samples from 3 pregnant sows were collected and mixed. The fecal samples were collected from Dexin Food Pig Farm in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. The entire experimental operation was carried out under anaerobic conditions, and all solutions were anaerobic solutions (CO2 was introduced before use). Bacteria source treatment method: fresh fecal samples were collected and temporarily stored in a sealed container filled with CO2 at a temperature of 39°C, and immediately transferred back to the laboratory. The fecal samples were weighed, and an anaerobic and sterile saline solution at a temperature of 39°C was added under anaerobic conditions at a weight-to-volume ratio of 1:5. Stir evenly, mix thoroughly, and filter with 4 layers of gauze. The filtrate was taken as the fermentation bacteria source. The in vitro fermentation was repeated 3 times, with 3 parallels each time. Weigh 0.35 of the freeze-dried enzymatic residue into a 150 ml glass fermentation bottle with a press-on aluminum cap, add 56.55 ml of nutrient solution (52.41 ml of basic solution, 0.69 ml of vitamin / phosphate solution, 2.76 ml of bicarbonate buffer and 0.69 ml of reducing agent) and 3.45 ml of fermentation bacteria, and ferment at 39 ° C for 48 hours. Measure the gas production on time during the fermentation process.

[0039] After fermentation, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the fermentation broth was determined by gas chromatography. Take 2 ml of fermentation broth, centrifuge at 15000 rpm for 15 minutes, take 1.5 ml of supernatant, add 0.15 ml of 25% metaphosphoric acid solution, mix thoroughly, and store at -20°C overnight. Centrifuge again at 15000 rpm for 10 minutes, take the supernatant to determine the short-chain fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acid standards: acetic acid (purity>99%), propionic acid (purity>99.8%) and butyric acid (purity>99.5%). The gas chromatography conditions are as follows: chromatographic column, DB-FFAP capillary column, specification is 30m×250μm×0.25μm; chromatographic column carrier gas flow rate is 0.8ml / min; N2, FID detector: H230ml, air 350ml, tail blow (N2) 40ml; injection port: temperature 250℃, split ratio 50:1, injection volume 1μl; programmed temperature rise: 60℃ for 2min, heat to 220℃ at a rate of 20℃ / min, and hold for 1min.

[0040] The specific test results are as follows:

[0041] The fermentation gas production curve is obtained by plotting the gas production data of the fermentation acid production test. Figure 1 According to previous research results, the gas production of in vitro fermentation is significantly positively correlated with the fermentability of fiber. Figure 1 The results show that the 20% pectin sample with a higher soluble fiber content ferments faster, and although the 15% resistant starch ferments slower, its gas production is greater than that of the 20% pectin sample. The gas production test results show that the gas production and gas production rate of the dietary fiber of the present invention are stronger than those of bran and the other 4 samples collected above. The maximum gas production reflects the additive effect of 15% resistant starch and 20% pectin, which greatly improves the fermentability of the mixed sweet potato and bean dregs raw material before modification, and the gas production result is much greater than that of bran, indicating that the dietary fiber of the present invention has higher fermentability than bran.

[0042] The main products of dietary fiber after fermentation by microorganisms are acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. The concentrations of three short-chain fatty acids in the fermentation broth were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids produced by the dietary fiber of the present invention, 20% pectin and 15% resistant starch after fermentation were significantly higher than those of commercial dietary fiber raw materials, mixed potato and bean dregs dry raw materials and bran (P<0.01). Among them, the concentration of acetic acid produced by the dietary fiber of the present invention after fermentation was significantly higher than that of 15% resistant starch and 20% pectin after fermentation. There was no difference in the concentration of acetic acid produced by 15% resistant starch and 20% pectin after fermentation, but they were significantly higher than those of commercial dietary fiber, mixed potato and bean dregs raw materials and bran (P<0.01). The concentration of propionic acid produced after fermentation was from high to low in the following order: dietary fiber of the present invention>15% resistant starch>20% pectin>mixed potato and bean dregs>bran>commercial dietary fiber (P<0.01). The concentration of butyric acid produced after fermentation was in the order of dietary fiber of the present invention > 20% pectin > 15% resistant starch > commercial dietary fiber > mixed potato and bean dregs > bran (P<0.01). The total short-chain fatty acids produced by the dietary fiber of the present invention after fermentation were significantly higher than those of other tested fibrous raw materials (P<0.01); there was no difference in the total short-chain fatty acids produced by 15% resistant starch and 20% pectin after fermentation, but they were significantly higher than those of commercial dietary fiber raw materials, mixed potato and bean dregs dry raw materials and bran (P<0.01).

[0043] Table 3

[0044]

[0045] Based on the gas production and short-chain fatty acid content after fermentation, among the six raw materials, the dietary fiber of the present invention produces the highest short-chain fatty acids after fermentation, has a higher gas production and a faster gas production rate. It can be concluded that the dietary fiber raw material of the present invention is more fermentable.

[0046] Example 3 Effects of dietary fiber raw materials on body condition, intestinal fermentation acid production, flora and reproductive performance of sows

[0047] A single-factor experimental design was adopted, and 24 Yorkshire sows of the same breed and similar body condition with an average parity of 2.3 and a gestation of 75 days were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 12 sows in each group. Each sow was raised in a single circle in a fully slit-type limiting pen. The control group was fed a diet with normal bran as the main dietary fiber, and the dietary fiber group was fed with the dietary fiber of the present invention, hereinafter referred to as the dietary fiber group. The pre-test period was 10 days to allow the animals to gradually adapt. The test started feeding from 85 days of gestation of sows to weaning of piglets at 21 days of age. The sows were fed 2kg on the day of delivery, and then increased by 1kg every day until the peak of feeding was reached, and the relevant indicators were observed one week after weaning. The experiment was divided into two stages, stage I from 85 days of gestation to delivery, and stage II for the entire lactation period. The test period was 51 days. The fecal samples were collected from 5 sows from each group at 85 days, 92 days, 99 days and 106 days of pregnancy according to the same weight and parity. The fecal samples were collected from the anus aseptically and divided into two parts. One part was used for the detection of short-chain fatty acid content, and the other part was used to extract fecal DNA according to the method of Zeng Zhiguang et al. (2009). The extracted bacterial DNA was used as a template, and the corresponding primers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli were used to amplify the target fragments to construct standard plasmids, establish standard curves and absolutely quantify bacteria. The daily feed intake and backfat changes were recorded during pregnancy; the daily feed intake, weight loss and backfat changes during lactation, and the weaning-estrus interval were recorded during lactation; the backfat of sows was measured at 108 days of pregnancy, the day of delivery and the day of weaning (using a backfat meter, measured 6.5 cm from the back midline of the sow's last rib). Record the total number of piglets born, the number of live piglets, the number of stillbirths and the number of mummies; weigh the piglets within 24 hours of birth, and record the individual weight and litter weight of the piglets at birth; the individual weight and litter weight of the piglets at 21 days of lactation. Design the daily diet formula according to the national standard "Nutritional Requirements of Chinese Pigs" (2020), as shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.

[0048] Table 4 (% of daily diet composition during pregnancy)

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Premix: Add per kg of complete diet: Iron 160mg; Zinc 160mg; Manganese 55mg; Copper 30mg; Iodine 0.5mg; Selenium 0.5mg; Chromium 0.2mg; Vitamin A 14000IU; Vitamin D3 2900IU; Vitamin E 120mg; Vitamin K 36mg; Vitamin B1 2.4mg; Vitamin B2 8.5mg; Vitamin B6 4.5mg; Vitamin B 120.03mg; pantothenic acid 30mg; folic acid 5mg; niacinamide 50mg.

[0052] Table 5 (Lactation diet composition %)

[0053]

[0054] Each kilogram of feed provides: Iron 80mg; Zinc 100mg; Copper 20mg; Manganese 25mg; Iodine 0.14mg; Selenium 0.15mg; Vitamin A 4000IU; Vitamin E 441IU; Vitamin D 3800IU; Vitamin K 30.5mg; Vitamin B11.0mg; Vitamin B23.75mg; Vitamin B61.0mg; Vitamin B 12 15μg; pantothenic acid 12mg; niacin 10mg; folic acid 1.3mg; biotin 200μg.

[0055] The daily feed intake and backfat changes were recorded during pregnancy; the daily feed intake, weight loss and backfat changes during lactation, and the weaning-estrus interval results are shown in Table 6:

[0056] Table 6

[0057]

[0058] From the results in Table 6 above, it can be seen that the addition of dietary fiber has a certain effect on the feed intake of lactating sows, but it does not show statistical differences. The experimental results show that feeding dietary fiber reduces the weaning-estrus interval of sows, which is beneficial for weaned sows to enter the estrus breeding cycle as soon as possible. The reason for this may be that, as described in the background literature research, improving the quality and level of dietary fiber in the diet significantly affects the composition of sow microorganisms and metabolites, improves the follicular development and oocyte quality of reserve sows, and reduces follicular apoptosis. Caspase-3 signaling may be involved in dietary fiber to reduce follicular apoptosis; dietary fiber significantly promotes the development of reproductive organs such as the uterus and fallopian tubes.

[0059] The results of the short-chain fatty acid content test of the fecal samples are shown in Table 7:

[0060] Table 7

[0061]

[0062] The results of the determination of short-chain fatty acid content in sow feces showed that the acetic acid and butyric acid content in the dietary fiber group were both increased compared with the bran control group (P<0.05). This is similar to the results of the in vitro fermentation test in Example 2. The above results show that the dietary fiber of the present invention has stronger fermentability and helps to increase the content of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid (considered to be important substances for maintaining pig intestinal health) in the intestine, thereby playing a role in the intestinal health of pregnant sows.

[0063] Fecal DNA was extracted according to the method of Zeng Zhiguang et al. (2009). The extracted bacterial DNA was used as a template. The target fragments were amplified using the corresponding primers of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli according to relevant literature to construct standard plasmids, establish standard curves and perform absolute quantification of bacteria. The quantitative results are shown in Table 8:

[0064] Table 8

[0065]

[0066] Table 8 shows the quantitative results of specific flora in feces samples of sows. Compared with the bran control group, the quantitative results of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the dietary fiber group (beneficial flora) of the present invention increased in number in feces (P<0.05). The quantitative results of Clostridium perfringens (considered to be harmful intestinal bacteria) showed that compared with the bran control group, the number of Clostridium perfringens in the dietary fiber group of the present invention decreased, indicating that feeding the dietary fiber of the present invention to sows helps to improve the intestinal flora of sows, increase the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and reduce the number of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, thereby helping to regulate the intestinal health of pregnant sows.

[0067] The total number of piglets born, the number of live piglets, the number of stillbirths and the number of mummies were recorded; the piglets were weighed within 24 hours of birth, and the individual weight and litter weight of the piglets at birth were recorded; the individual weight and litter weight of the piglets at 21 days of lactation were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 9.

[0068] Table 9

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 9, piglet performance includes piglet performance and individual weight and litter weight of piglets at 21 days of age. The results show that compared with the bran control group, the number of live piglets born in the group of pregnant sows supplemented with the dietary fiber of the present invention increased (P<0.05), and had no significant effect on the total number of piglets, the number of stillbirths and the number of mummies. For piglet performance, under the premise that there is no difference in individual weight and litter weight, compared with the bran control group, the individual weight and litter weight of the pregnant sows supplemented with the dietary fiber of the present invention at 21 days of age were improved (P<0.05).

[0072] Based on the above results, it can be seen that the present invention is different from the previous method for making potato starch residue dietary fiber. The present invention makes full use of potato starch residue and supplements the nutrients in fresh bean dregs, especially converts and retains the main nutrients in the mixed potato and bean dregs formed by potato residue and bean dregs, is rich in resistant starch and pectin, has a relatively simple treatment process, does not require the addition of enzyme preparations, and has low production cost. Through physical crushing, dietary fiber coagulation, steam explosion, cold ethanol physical regeneration precipitation, drying and other process flows, the mixed potato and bean dregs can be effectively converted into dietary fiber with low toxins, low anti-nutritional factors, low production cost and rich in resistant starch and pectin, the starch in the potato starch residue is partially modified to resistant starch, the finished product resistant starch content is ≥15%, and the pectin can be basically completely retained. The finished product pectin content is ≥20%, that is, the effective dietary fiber components such as pectin are retained as much as possible, and part of the starch and cellulose are modified to form high-efficiency dietary fiber components. It was found that the finished dietary product produced from the modified mixed sweet potato and bean dregs has better in vitro fermentability and is easier to ferment in the pig intestine to produce volatile fatty acids, which helps to improve the intestinal flora of sows, improve the body condition of sows and enhance their reproductive performance.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the implementation mode and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be aware that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the contents of the specification and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, two portions of fresh potato starch residue and one portion of fresh bean dregs are mixed evenly to obtain mixed potato and bean dregs; after the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm using a colloid mill, the mixed potato and bean dregs are placed in a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 90-98% moisture, 0.05-0.3% of the total weight of calcium oxide is added, the material is continuously stirred to mix evenly, the material is allowed to stand for 5-20 minutes, the material is stirred again to mix evenly, a filter press is used to filter to 60-80% moisture, and a disperser is used to disperse the material to form small particles; Step 2: putting the small particles obtained in step 1 into a steam explosion device for steam explosion, wherein the parameters of the steam explosion device are 0.8-1.5 MPa and 3-10 min. After the steam explosion is completed, the particles are rapidly cooled, and then immediately mixed with 2-8° C. ethanol according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(4-6), stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 3-10 hours. A centrifuge is used for solid-liquid separation, and the solids are collected and broken into small particles, and then immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 95-105° C. to obtain the dietary fiber raw material.

2. The method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm using a colloid mill, put into a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 92-95% moisture, add 0.2-0.3% of the total weight of calcium oxide, continue to stir to mix the material, let it stand for 15-20 minutes, stir again to mix the material evenly, use a filter press to filter to 60-70% moisture, and use a disperser to disperse it into small particles.

3. The method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the parameters of the steam explosion equipment are 1-1.5MPa and 6-10min. After the steam explosion is completed and the mixture is rapidly cooled, 4-8°C ethanol is immediately mixed in at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 8-10h. A centrifuge is used to separate the solid and liquid, and the solids are collected and broken into small particles, which are immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 100-105°C.

4. The method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, the mixed potato and bean dregs are crushed to a particle size of 0.3 mm using a colloid mill, put into a container and mixed with water to adjust the material to 95% moisture, add 0.2% of the total weight of calcium oxide, continue to stir to mix the material, let it stand for 15 minutes, stir again to mix the material evenly, use a filter press to filter to 70% moisture, and use a disperser to disperse it into small particles.

5. The method for preparing a dietary fiber raw material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step 2, the parameters of the steam explosion equipment are 1MPa and 6min. After the steam explosion is completed and the mixture is rapidly cooled, 4°C ethanol is immediately mixed in at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand for 8h. A centrifuge is used to separate the solid and liquid, and the solids are collected and broken into small particles, which are immediately dried until the moisture content is less than 10%, and the drying temperature is controlled at 100°C.

6. A dietary fiber raw material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Use of the dietary fiber raw material as claimed in claim 6 in preparing sow breeding feed.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: When used in sow breeding, the dietary fiber raw material is mixed into the complete diet at a ratio of 1:1 to replace bran for feeding, and the proportion of the dietary fiber raw material in the complete diet is ≤5%.

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