Fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and particularly relates to a fixed bed reactor which comprises a reactor body, connecting flanges are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor body, quick-opening type cover plates are connected to the connecting flanges, a liquid inlet spraying device is arranged on the quick-opening type cover plate at the upper end, and a liquid outlet spraying device is arranged on the quick-opening type cover plate at the lower end. A catalyst bearing assembly is arranged in the reactor main body and is used for realizing multi-layer distribution of a catalyst. The flow velocity of the reaction liquid is buffered and intercepted in a multi-layer manner through multi-layer arrangement of the catalyst layers and the filter layers, so that the stability of the flow velocity of the reaction liquid is effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and in particular relates to a fixed bed reactor. Background Art

[0002] In the modern chemical industry, efficient, green and sustainable chemical reaction processes are the key to achieving sustainable development. Fixed bed reactors, as an important chemical equipment, are widely used in various catalytic reactions. They have simple structures, convenient operations and easy control of reaction conditions. However, traditional fixed bed reactors cannot achieve continuous reactions of two-phase catalytic systems such as oil / water, oil / ionic liquid, gas / liquid two-phase systems, especially continuous reactions involving homogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts.

[0003] In recent years, Pickering emulsion, as a new type of reaction system, has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry due to its unique stability and environmental friendliness. Catalysts prepared based on Pickering emulsions can achieve efficient utilization and rapid recovery of catalysts, which is of great significance for improving reaction efficiency and reducing production costs. However, how to ensure a stable flow rate of the reaction liquid during the reaction and how to achieve regulation of the residence time of the reaction liquid are still problems that need to be overcome. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fixed bed reactor in view of the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor body, wherein connecting flanges are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body, a quick-opening cover plate is connected to the connecting flange, a liquid inlet spray device is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate at the upper end, and a catalyst supporting assembly is arranged inside the reactor body for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst.

[0007] Furthermore, the catalyst supporting assembly includes an upper mounting plate and a lower mounting plate, both of which are sealed and connected inside the reactor body, and a plurality of tube arrays are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate, and multiple layers of filter layers are arranged in the tube arrays, and a catalyst layer is arranged above each filter layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the tube array is composed of a plurality of expanded diameter areas and a plurality of straight tube areas, the filter layer is arranged in the straight tube area, and the catalyst layer is arranged in the expanded diameter area.

[0009] Furthermore, the filter layer is made of quartz wool or quartz sand.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the tubes is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel, and the number of the tubes is 1 to 20.

[0011] Furthermore, a conical closing structure is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly, and a screen is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the material of the screen is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen is 0.2-0.5 cm, and the aperture of the screen is 6-60 μm.

[0013] Furthermore, the height of the conical closing structure is 3-15 cm, and the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure is 1-15 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the two connecting flanges are fixedly connected by four studs.

[0015] Furthermore, the diameter of the liquid inlet spray device is 1 to 15 cm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] The present invention intercepts the catalyst by setting a filter layer, thereby ensuring the long-term stable existence of the catalyst under flow conditions, and can realize the continuous operation of single-step or multi-step catalytic reactions;

[0018] The present invention uses a multi-layer arrangement of a catalyst layer and a filter layer to perform multi-layer buffering and interception on the flow rate of the reaction liquid, thereby effectively ensuring the stability of the flow rate of the reaction liquid;

[0019] The present invention can stably retain the catalyst prepared based on the Pickering emulsion in a fixed bed reactor, thereby realizing efficient and continuous reaction of a two-phase system;

[0020] The present invention provides a conical closing structure and a screen below the catalyst supporting assembly, which can further filter the reaction liquid and provide double protection for interception of the catalyst.

[0021] The tube array in the present invention is composed of a plurality of expanded diameter areas and a plurality of straight tube areas. By adjusting the diameter of the expanded diameter area, the residence time of the reaction liquid can be regulated, which is conducive to the regulation of the chemical reaction.

[0022] The present invention fixes the catalyst prepared based on Pickering emulsion by means of a fixed bed reactor, and is applicable to various chemical reactions and biocatalytic reactions, including oxidation, reduction, esterification, acylation, etc., and provides a highly efficient and stable reaction device for continuous production in the chemical industry, and has broad application prospects and important practical value in the fields of chemical industry, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the catalyst supporting assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tube array of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure, there are a reactor body 1, a connecting flange 2, a quick-opening cover plate 3, a liquid inlet spray device 4, a catalyst supporting assembly 5, a conical closing structure 6, a screen 7, a stud 8, an upper mounting plate 501, a lower mounting plate 502, a tube array 503, a filter layer 504, a catalyst layer 505, an expansion area 5031, and a straight cylinder area 5032. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below through embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor body 1, connecting flanges 2 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body 1, the two connecting flanges 2 are fixedly connected by four studs 8, a quick-opening cover plate 3 is connected to the connecting flange 2, a liquid inlet spray device 4 is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate 3 at the upper end, the diameter of the liquid inlet spray device 4 is 10 cm, a catalyst supporting assembly 5 is arranged inside the reactor body 1, for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst, a conical closing structure 6 is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly 5, the height of the conical closing structure 6 is 5 cm, the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure 6 is 10 cm, a screen 7 is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure 6, the material of the screen 7 is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen 7 is 0.3 cm, and the aperture of the screen 7 is 40 μm.

[0030] The catalyst supporting assembly 5 includes an upper mounting plate 501 and a lower mounting plate 502, and the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502 are both sealed and connected inside the reactor body 1. A plurality of tubes 503 are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502. Multiple filter layers 504 are arranged in the tubes 503. The filter layers 504 are made of quartz wool or quartz sand. A catalyst layer 505 is arranged above each filter layer 504. The material of the tubes 503 is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel. The number of the tubes 503 is 5. The tubes 503 are composed of multiple expanded diameter areas 5031 and multiple straight tube areas 5032. The filter layer 504 is arranged in the straight tube area 5032, and the catalyst layer 505 is arranged in the expanded diameter area 5031.

[0031] CALB enzyme was immobilized on Pickering emulsions to prepare a catalyst with a size of 50 microns for transesterification chiral resolution reaction; the reaction was carried out continuously for 4000 hours, the conversion rate was greater than 49%, and the ee values ​​of the generated chiral alcohols and chiral esters were both greater than 95%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor body 1, connecting flanges 2 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body 1, the two connecting flanges 2 are fixedly connected by four studs 8, a quick-opening cover plate 3 is connected to the connecting flange 2, a liquid inlet spray device 4 is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate 3 at the upper end, the diameter of the liquid inlet spray device 4 is 5 cm, a catalyst supporting assembly 5 is arranged inside the reactor body 1, for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst, a conical closing structure 6 is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly 5, the height of the conical closing structure 6 is 3 cm, the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure 6 is 15 cm, a screen 7 is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure 6, the material of the screen 7 is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen 7 is 0.2 cm, and the aperture of the screen 7 is 6 μm.

[0034] The catalyst supporting assembly 5 includes an upper mounting plate 501 and a lower mounting plate 502, and the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502 are both sealed and connected inside the reactor body 1. A plurality of tubes 503 are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502. Multiple filter layers 504 are arranged in the tubes 503. The filter layers 504 are made of quartz wool or quartz sand. A catalyst layer 505 is arranged above each filter layer 504. The material of the tubes 503 is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel. The number of the tubes 503 is 1. The tubes 503 are composed of multiple expanded diameter areas 5031 and multiple straight tube areas 5032. The filter layer 504 is arranged in the straight tube area 5032, and the catalyst layer 505 is arranged in the expanded diameter area 5031.

[0035] Ketoreductase and coenzyme were immobilized on Pickering emulsions to prepare catalysts with a size of 30 microns for ketone reduction reaction; the reaction was continued for 350 hours, the conversion rate was greater than 90%, and the ee value of the generated chiral alcohol was greater than 98%.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor body 1, connecting flanges 2 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body 1, the two connecting flanges 2 are fixedly connected by four studs 8, a quick-opening cover plate 3 is connected to the connecting flange 2, a liquid inlet spray device 4 is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate 3 at the upper end, the diameter of the liquid inlet spray device 4 is 15 cm, a catalyst supporting assembly 5 is arranged inside the reactor body 1, for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst, a conical closing structure 6 is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly 5, the height of the conical closing structure 6 is 15 cm, the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure 6 is 1 m, a screen 7 is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure 6, the material of the screen 7 is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen 7 is 0.5 cm, and the aperture of the screen 7 is 20 μm.

[0038] The catalyst supporting assembly 5 includes an upper mounting plate 501 and a lower mounting plate 502, and the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502 are both sealed and connected inside the reactor body 1. A plurality of tubes 503 are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502. Multiple filter layers 504 are arranged in the tubes 503. The filter layers 504 are made of quartz wool or quartz sand. A catalyst layer 505 is arranged above each filter layer 504. The material of the tubes 503 is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel. The number of the tubes 503 is 10. The tubes 503 are composed of multiple expanded diameter areas 5031 and multiple straight tube areas 5032. The filter layer 504 is arranged in the straight tube area 5032, and the catalyst layer 505 is arranged in the expanded diameter area 5031.

[0039] The transaminase and coenzyme were immobilized on Pickering emulsions to prepare a catalyst with a size of 30 microns for ketone reduction reaction; the reaction was carried out continuously for 300 hours, the conversion rate was greater than 90%, and the ee value of the generated chiral alcohol was greater than 98%.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor body 1, connecting flanges 2 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body 1, the two connecting flanges 2 are fixedly connected by four studs 8, a quick-opening cover plate 3 is connected to the connecting flange 2, a liquid inlet spray device 4 is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate 3 at the upper end, the diameter of the liquid inlet spray device 4 is 5 cm, a catalyst supporting assembly 5 is arranged inside the reactor body 1, for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst, a conical closing structure 6 is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly 5, the height of the conical closing structure 6 is 10 cm, the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure 6 is 5 m, a screen 7 is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure 6, the material of the screen 7 is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen 7 is 0.3 cm, and the aperture of the screen 7 is 60 μm.

[0042] The catalyst supporting assembly 5 includes an upper mounting plate 501 and a lower mounting plate 502, and the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502 are both sealed and connected inside the reactor body 1. A plurality of tubes 503 are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate 501 and the lower mounting plate 502. Multiple filter layers 504 are arranged in the tubes 503. The filter layers 504 are made of quartz wool or quartz sand. A catalyst layer 505 is arranged above each filter layer 504. The material of the tubes 503 is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel. The number of the tubes 503 is 15. The tubes 503 are composed of multiple expanded diameter areas 5031 and multiple straight tube areas 5032. The filter layer 504 is arranged in the straight tube area 5032, and the catalyst layer 505 is arranged in the expanded diameter area 5031.

[0043] The acid catalyst and the base catalyst were respectively immobilized on Pickering emulsions. The size of the prepared catalysts was 1 mm. The catalyst filling layer was 2 layers, which were filled with base and acid catalysts respectively to carry out acid-base tandem reaction. The reaction was carried out continuously for 120 hours, and the conversion rate was greater than 90%.

[0044] The above shows and describes the main features and advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention.

[0045] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fixed bed reactor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reactor body (1), wherein connecting flanges (2) are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body (1), a quick-opening cover plate (3) is connected to the connecting flange (2), a liquid inlet spray device (4) is arranged on the quick-opening cover plate (3) at the upper end, and a catalyst supporting assembly (5) is arranged inside the reactor body (1) for realizing multi-layer distribution of the catalyst.

2. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst supporting assembly (5) comprises an upper mounting plate (501) and a lower mounting plate (502), wherein the upper mounting plate (501) and the lower mounting plate (502) are both sealed and connected inside the reactor body (1), and a plurality of tube arrays (503) are sealed and connected between the upper mounting plate (501) and the lower mounting plate (502), wherein a plurality of filter layers (504) are arranged inside the tube arrays (503), and a catalyst layer (505) is arranged above each filter layer (504).

3. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tube array (503) is composed of a plurality of expanded diameter regions (5031) and a plurality of straight tube regions (5032), the filter layer (504) is arranged in the straight tube region (5032), and the catalyst layer (505) is arranged in the expanded diameter region (5031).

4. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the filter layer (504) is quartz wool or quartz sand.

5. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the tube array (503) is any one of quartz, glass or stainless steel, and the number of the tube array (503) is 1 to 20.

6. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical closing structure (6) is arranged below the catalyst supporting assembly (5), and a screen (7) is arranged at the lower end of the conical closing structure (6).

7. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the screen (7) is any one of quartz, stainless steel or quartz sand, the thickness of the screen (7) is 0.2 to 0.5 cm, and the aperture of the screen (7) is 6 to 60 μm.

8. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the conical closing structure (6) is 3-15 cm, and the diameter of the lower end of the conical closing structure (6) is 1-15 cm.

9. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two connecting flanges (2) are fixedly connected via four studs (8).

10. A fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the liquid inlet spraying device (4) is 1 to 15 cm.

Images