Straw fermented organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a straw fermented organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, the straw fermented organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: a fermentation substrate, a mixed bacterial agent and a compound enzyme, and the auxiliary materials comprise livestock blood and rice milk which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (5-10), the fermentation substrate is a mixture of straws and auxiliary materials, the mixed bacterial agent comprises any two or more of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and denitrifying bacteria, and the compound enzyme comprises 30%-45% of cellulase, 25%-30% of xylanase, 15%-25% of feruloyl lipase and 10%-20% of phytase. According to the straw fermented organic fertilizer provided by the invention, the auxiliary material consisting of the livestock blood and the rice milk is mixed into the straw, and the compound enzyme and the mixed microbial agent are mixed during fermentation, so that the fertility increasing effect of the organic fertilizer on soil is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and in particular relates to a straw fermented organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Straw is one of the common raw materials for organic fertilizer, and has the advantages of wide sources, low use cost and simple processing. The existing method for preparing organic fertilizer using straw as raw material mainly includes the steps of crushing straw, mixing auxiliary materials, adjusting the humidity of the fermentation system, fully fermenting and drying granulation, wherein the selection of auxiliary materials includes various life wastes, agricultural wastes, such as livestock manure, plant rhizomes, food residues, etc., and also includes common fermentation bacteria and catalytic enzymes, such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase and xylanase, etc. However, the straw fermented organic fertilizer prepared by conventional materials and methods often has weak fertilizer effect. When applied to soil fertilization, the effect of increasing the content of various components in the soil is generally consistent, and the problem of imbalance of various nutrients in the soil cannot be solved. In this regard, the present invention proposes a straw fermented organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw fermentation organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a straw fermentation organic fertilizer. The raw materials for preparing the straw fermentation organic fertilizer include fermentation substrate, mixed bacterial agent and compound enzyme calculated by weight.

[0006] The fermentation substrate is a mixture of straw and auxiliary materials;

[0007] The complex enzyme includes cellulase, xylanase, ferulic acid lipase and phytase.

[0008] As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the auxiliary material includes livestock blood and rice milk mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(5-10).

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the raw material composition of the straw fermentation organic fertilizer is: 30-50 parts of fermentation substrate, 10-15 parts of mixed bacterial agent and 10-15 parts of complex enzyme by weight.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the mixed bacterial agent includes any two or more of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and denitrifying bacteria.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the composition of the complex enzyme is: 30%-45% of cellulase, 25%-30% of xylanase, 15-25% of ferulic lipase and 10%-20% of phytase in percentage by mass.

[0012] The present invention provides a method for preparing straw fermented organic fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1, crushing the straw;

[0014] S2, preparing auxiliary materials, mixed bacterial agents and compound enzymes;

[0015] S3, adding auxiliary materials to the crushed straw to obtain a fermentation substrate, adding a complex enzyme to the fermentation substrate, mixing evenly and then performing a primary fermentation, evenly mixing a mixed bacterial agent into the primary fermentation product, and performing a secondary fermentation;

[0016] S4. The secondary fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying treatment and extrusion granulation treatment in sequence to obtain granular organic fertilizer.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in S3, the amount of auxiliary materials is determined according to the water content of the fermentation substrate, and the water content of the fermentation substrate is controlled at 50%-60%.

[0018] The invention also provides an application of straw fermented organic fertilizer in improving soil nutrients.

[0019] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, soil fertilization specifically refers to increasing and balancing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the soil.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The straw fermented organic fertilizer proposed by the present invention adopts straw as a main material. On the one hand, the richness of the fermentation base material is improved by mixing auxiliary materials including livestock blood and rice milk into the straw, which can provide sufficient and diverse raw materials for the subsequent organic fertilizer fermentation process. On the other hand, by mixing complex enzymes and mixed bacterial agents into the fermentation substrate during fermentation, the effect of improving the fermentation efficiency and the richness of the fermentation product is achieved. Among them, the organic fertilizer has the most significant effect of improving the phosphorus content and organic matter content in the soil. Therefore, when the organic fertilizer is used for soil fertility, it can also play an effect of improving the balance of various nutrients in the soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present application is described in further detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0023] 1. Materials

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the present invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0025] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the mixed bacterial agent are all bacterial agents corresponding to the respective bacterial species, and the live bacterial concentration of the yeast in the corresponding bacterial agent is 8x10 4 cfu / g, the concentration of live lactic acid bacteria is 3x10 4 cfu / g, the concentration of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis is 5x10 4 cfu / g, the concentration of live denitrifying bacteria is 3x10 4 cfu / g.

[0026] 2. Methods

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A straw fermented organic fertilizer, the preparation method is as follows:

[0029] S1, crushing the straw;

[0030] S2-1, uniformly mixing livestock blood and rice milk at a mass ratio of 1:5 to obtain an auxiliary material;

[0031] S2-2, uniformly mixing the powders of various enzymes according to the mass percentage of 45% cellulase, 30% xylanase, 15% ferulic acid lipase and 10% phytase to obtain a composite enzyme;

[0032] S2-3, uniformly mixing various liquid bacterial agents according to the mass percentage of 45% yeast, 20% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Bacillus subtilis and 15% denitrifying bacteria to obtain a mixed bacterial agent;

[0033] S3, adding auxiliary materials to the crushed straw until the moisture content of the mixture is 50%, obtaining a fermentation substrate, firstly evenly mixing the complex enzyme into the mixture according to the weight ratio of 30 parts of the fermentation substrate, 15 parts of the mixed bacterial agent and 15 parts of the complex enzyme, and performing a primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 35° C. for 24 hours, adding the mixed bacterial agent to the primary fermentation product and mixing evenly, performing a secondary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 30° C. for 5 days;

[0034] S4. Drying the secondary fermentation product at 35° C., and then extruding and granulating the dried product to obtain granular organic fertilizer.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A straw fermented organic fertilizer, the preparation method is as follows:

[0037] S1, crushing the straw;

[0038] S2-1, uniformly mixing livestock blood and rice milk at a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain an auxiliary material;

[0039] S2-2, uniformly mixing various liquid enzymes according to the mass percentage of 30% cellulase, 25% xylanase, 25% ferulic acid lipase and 20% phytase, and then diluting the obtained complex enzyme 10 times with sterile water to obtain a complex enzyme preparation;

[0040] S2-3, uniformly mixing various liquid bacterial agents according to the mass percentage of 45% yeast, 20% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Bacillus subtilis and 15% denitrifying bacteria to obtain a mixed bacterial agent;

[0041] S3, adding auxiliary materials to the crushed straw until the moisture content of the mixture is 70%, obtaining a fermentation substrate, firstly evenly mixing the complex enzyme into the mixture according to the weight ratio of 50 parts of the fermentation substrate, 10 parts of the mixed bacterial agent and 10 parts of the complex enzyme, and performing a primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 35° C. for 24 hours, adding the mixed bacterial agent to the primary fermentation product and mixing evenly, performing a secondary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 30° C. for 5 days;

[0042] S4. Drying the secondary fermentation product at 35° C., and then extruding and granulating the dried product to obtain granular organic fertilizer.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] A straw fermented organic fertilizer, the preparation method is as follows:

[0045] S1, crushing the straw;

[0046] S2-1, uniformly mixing livestock blood and rice milk at a mass ratio of 1:8 to obtain an auxiliary material;

[0047] S2-2, uniformly mixing various liquid enzymes according to the mass percentage of 40% cellulase, 27% xylanase, 18% ferulic acid lipase and 15% phytase, and then diluting the obtained complex enzyme 10 times with sterile water to obtain a complex enzyme preparation;

[0048] S2-3, uniformly mixing various liquid bacterial agents according to the mass percentage of 45% yeast, 20% lactic acid bacteria, 20% Bacillus subtilis and 15% denitrifying bacteria to obtain a mixed bacterial agent;

[0049] S3, adding auxiliary materials to the crushed straw until the moisture content of the mixture is 60%, obtaining a fermentation substrate, firstly evenly mixing the complex enzyme into the mixture according to the weight ratio of 40 parts of the fermentation substrate, 13 parts of the mixed bacterial agent and 12 parts of the complex enzyme, and performing a primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 35° C. for 24 hours, adding the mixed bacterial agent to the primary fermentation product and mixing evenly, performing a secondary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 30° C. for 5 days;

[0050] S4. Drying the secondary fermentation product at 35° C., and then extruding and granulating the dried product to obtain granular organic fertilizer.

[0051] The organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 was tested for efficacy, and the specific method is as follows:

[0052] ① Take 5g of sample from each group of organic fertilizers, add sterile water at a mass ratio of 1:10 to fully dissolve the sample to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0053] ② In the experimental field, test areas corresponding to each group of organic fertilizer were divided (the areas of each test area were consistent and concentrated), and the liquid fertilizer was irrigated in the corresponding test area at one time. After 3 days, an additional test area was selected as a blank control, and the soil in the test areas of Examples 1-3 and the blank control was fully loosened, and then 50 g of soil samples were taken by multi-point sampling method, and the physical and chemical properties of each group of soil samples were analyzed.

[0054] The results of the efficacy test of the organic fertilizers obtained in Examples 1-3 and the blank control are shown in the following table:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] From the table above we can see that:

[0058] Compared with the unfertilized soil in the blank control, after the organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 was used for fertilization treatment, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the soil were also improved to a certain extent, among which the increase in phosphorus and organic matter content was particularly significant. This result shows that the straw fermented organic fertilizer proposed in the present invention has the effect of improving and balancing various nutrients in the soil.

[0059] 1. The influence of auxiliary materials on the efficacy of organic fertilizer

[0060] Based on Example 3, only the component of the auxiliary material in S2-1 is adjusted, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are set, wherein, in Comparative Example 1, the Rice Milk in the auxiliary material is replaced with sterilized water, in Comparative Example 2, livestock blood is replaced with an equal amount of Rice Milk, and in Comparative Example 3, the auxiliary material as a whole is replaced with sterilized water, and the organic fertilizer obtained in Comparative Examples 1-3 is tested for efficacy, and the method is the same as above, and the test result is shown in the table below:

[0061]

[0062] From the table above we can see that:

[0063] Compared with Example 3, Comparative Examples 1-3 adjusted the ingredients of the auxiliary materials to varying degrees, so that the improvement effect of the organic fertilizer on the soil performance showed different degrees of change, specifically: compared with Example 3, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter contents in the soil corresponding to Comparative Examples 1-3 were all reduced, and the data difference between Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was further compared. It was found that compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the proportion of organic matter in Comparative Example 3 was significantly reduced. This result shows that the use of livestock blood and rice milk is beneficial to improving the nutrient enhancement effect of organic fertilizer on the soil, and the combined use of livestock blood and rice milk can significantly improve the effect of organic fertilizer on improving the organic matter content in the soil.

[0064] 1. Effect of compound enzyme on the efficacy of organic fertilizer

[0065] Based on Example 3, only the components of cellulase, ferulic lipase and phytase in the composite enzyme in S2-2 were adjusted to set comparative examples 4-6, and the specific components are shown in the following table:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Note: “-” means no addition

[0069] The organic fertilizers obtained in Comparative Examples 5-7 were tested for efficacy using the same method as above. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0070]

[0071] From the table above we can see that:

[0072] On the basis of Example 3, Comparative Example 4 replaces the ferulic acid lipase in the composite enzyme with an equal amount of cellulase, and Comparative Example 5 replaces the phytase in the composite enzyme with an equal amount of cellulase. The changes in the organic fertilizer in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 all lead to a decrease in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the soil after fertilization. Further, Comparative Example 6 replaces both the ferulic acid lipase and the phytase in the composite enzyme with an equal amount of cellulase, which also leads to a decrease in the nutrients in the soil, and the proportion of phosphorus in the soil is significantly reduced. This result shows that adding ferulic acid lipase or phytase to the organic fertilizer containing cellulase and xylanase can improve the fertilizer-increasing effect of the organic fertilizer after acting on the soil, and when ferulic acid lipase and phytase are added in proportion, not only can the content of multiple main nutrients in the soil be increased, but also the proportion of phosphorus in the soil can be targetedly increased, so that the organic fertilizer has the effect of improving the balance of various nutrients in the soil.

[0073] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw fermented organic fertilizer, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the raw materials for preparing the straw fermented organic fertilizer include fermentation substrate, mixed bacterial agent and compound enzyme; The fermentation substrate is a mixture of straw and auxiliary materials; The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, ferulic acid lipase and phytase.

2. A straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary material comprises livestock blood and rice milk mixed in a mass ratio of 1:(5-10).

3. A straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material composition of the straw fermentation organic fertilizer is: 30-50 parts of fermentation substrate, 10-15 parts of mixed bacterial agent and 10-15 parts of complex enzyme by weight.

4. A straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed bacterial agent includes any two or more of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and denitrifying bacteria.

5. A straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, the composite enzyme comprises: 30%-45% of cellulase, 25%-30% of xylanase, 15%-25% of ferulic acid lipase and 10%-20% of phytase.

6. A method for preparing a straw fermented organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, crushing the straw; S2, preparing auxiliary materials, mixed bacterial agents and compound enzymes; S3, adding auxiliary materials to the crushed straw to obtain a fermentation substrate, adding a complex enzyme to the fermentation substrate, mixing evenly and then performing a primary fermentation, evenly mixing a mixed bacterial agent into the primary fermentation product, and performing a secondary fermentation; S4. The secondary fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying treatment and extrusion granulation treatment in sequence to obtain granular organic fertilizer.

7. The method for preparing straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, the amount of auxiliary materials used is determined according to the water content of the fermentation substrate, and the water content of the fermentation substrate is controlled at 50%-60%.

8. Use of the straw fermented organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving soil nutrients.

9. The straw fermented organic fertilizer according to claim 8 is used in improving soil nutrients, characterized in that: The soil nutrients include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter.

Images