Metal extraction system and method based on porous medium moving bed combustion device
By using porous media mobile bed combustion device and waste heat recovery technology in the metal extraction system of HOR, the problems of high energy consumption, high equipment consumables and low metal yield in the prior art are solved, and efficient and low-cost metal extraction effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411765413.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing HOR valuable metal extraction methods have shortcomings such as high energy consumption, high equipment consumables, low scale, and low metal yield, making it difficult to achieve high metal yield in terms of ensuring energy utilization and equipment costs.
The metal extraction system based on the porous medium mobile bed combustion device is adopted. By adding inert porous medium particles to the combustion furnace and preheating with oxidizing agent and water vapor, the waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas is achieved and the ultra-adiabatic combustion temperature is achieved, thereby improving the gasification and metal extraction efficiency of HOR.
The full combustion of HOR is achieved, the difficulty of processing is reduced, the yield of metals is improved, the production and maintenance cost is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved through waste heat recovery.
Smart Images
Figure CN119617851A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a metal extraction system and method based on a combustion device, belonging to the technical field of valuable metal extraction equipment. Background Art
[0002] As global oil reserves continue to decline, crude oil quality tends to be heavier and inferior. Heavy crude oil generally has the characteristics of high sulfur, high acid, high metal, high carbon residue, high viscosity, and high boiling point. Crude oil in some regions is generally heavy. Among the crude oil with the highest output, only 26% of the fractions are below 350°, and the fractions above 500° account for about 50%. The second-highest output crude oil has a higher content of heavy components. With the increase in the output of heavy crude oil and the decrease in the quality of imported crude oil, the refining industry faces a series of challenges such as industrial structure adjustment, improving the utilization rate of oil resources, cleaning oil products, energy conservation and emission reduction, and improving economic benefits. The most significant challenge is the deep transformation of residual oil resources and the increase in the yield of light oil. Since the HOR metal content in the heavy oil residue after conversion is high, it is one of the key factors affecting the deep conversion and lightening of heavy oil. These metals mainly include valuable metals such as molybdenum, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and their compounds, which are either the original components of petroleum or introduced during its catalytic processing. The direct combustion or discharge of these metal-containing heavy oils without treatment will cause air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution, posing a serious threat to the environment. The recycling of such waste is a major challenge, and no generally accepted treatment method has been developed so far. Research on the possibility of treating HOR in an environmentally friendly way and extracting valuable metals in HOR at the same time is crucial to the development of zero-waste deep oil conversion methods.
[0003] There are two methods for extracting valuable metals from HOR: physical and chemical. Among them, the physical method includes solvent extraction and filtration. The solvent extraction method uses the difference in solubility of certain solvents in different components in heavy oil to remove metal-rich components such as asphaltene, thereby indirectly removing metals. For example, a specific organic solvent can be used to treat heavy oil to precipitate asphaltene, thereby achieving separation of metals from oil. However, this method will remove a large amount of convertible raw materials while removing asphalt and metal substances, and requires a large amount of solvent consumption; the filtration method uses a filter membrane to filter heavy oil to separate solid particles including particles containing metals. For example, a ceramic membrane is used to ultrafilter vacuum residue at high temperature, but the filter membrane is easy to scale to form a colloidal layer, and the processing capacity is small, so there are certain difficulties in industrial application. Chemical methods include reagent reaction method, hydrogenation treatment method, roasting method, etc. Among them, the reagent reaction method is to add specific reagents to react chemically with metal compounds to destroy the structure of metal compounds and separate metals from heavy oil. For example, ferric chloride or tin tetrachloride aqueous solution, fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, methylating agent, etc. are used to react with metals. However, this method has problems such as large amount of demetallization agent and high requirements on equipment material, which limits its industrial application; the hydrotreatment method is to use a hydrodemetallization HDM catalyst to hydrogenate and decompose the metal compounds in the heavy oil in the presence of hydrogen. The metal accumulates in the catalyst pores to form sediments, thereby achieving the purpose of metal removal. This technology can simultaneously reduce the sulfur and residual carbon content in heavy oil, but it has the disadvantages of huge equipment investment, fast deactivation and difficulty in regeneration of HDM catalysts, and difficulty in handling waste catalysts; the roasting method is to roast heavy oil containing metals such as molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, etc. in the presence of oxygen-containing gas. During the high-temperature roasting process, the metal will be converted into the corresponding oxide or other compound, and then the different metals will be separated through subsequent cooling, separation and other steps. For example, firstly, ash containing nickel and flue gas containing molybdenum and vanadium are obtained, and then the flue gas is cooled to obtain ash containing the corresponding metal oxides. Finally, these ashes are further separated to obtain different metal products. However, the effect of this method is not ideal. It cannot ensure the complete combustion of HOR, and because the content of metals such as molybdenum and vanadium in HOR is extremely low (<0.1%), the metal yield obtained by this method is also quite low.
[0004] In view of the shortcomings of existing HOR valuable metal extraction methods such as high energy consumption, high equipment consumables, low degree of scalability, and low metal yield, the key and difficulty of this technology is to explore how to achieve a higher metal yield while ensuring high energy utilization, low equipment cost and raw material input.
[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a metal extraction system and method based on a porous media moving bed combustion device to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the above problems, a metal extraction system and method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device is provided to solve the problem that increasing the switching frequency will lead to a rapid increase in switching losses and cannot ensure high working efficiency. A brief overview of the invention is given below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or important parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:
[0008] A metal extraction system based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device comprises a combustion furnace and a base, wherein the base is arranged at the lower end of the combustion furnace; the combustion furnace is a vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace, comprising a feed pipe, an air outlet pipe, a thermocouple interface, an oxidant inlet, a water vapor inlet and a furnace body, a thermocouple interface is arranged on the side of the furnace body, a thermocouple is installed at the thermocouple interface, an oxidant inlet and a water vapor inlet are arranged on the lower part of the side of the furnace body, which play the role of supplying oxidant and water vapor, and a feed pipe and an air outlet pipe are arranged on the upper end of the furnace body.
[0009] Preferably: it also includes a platform, a mixing chamber, a gas combustion furnace and an exhaust gas treatment device, the base has an inner cavity, the inner cavity of the base is connected to the mixing chamber, a platform is arranged in the inner cavity of the base, the platform is located below the combustion furnace, the upper end of the combustion furnace is connected to the mixing chamber and the gas combustion furnace, the gas combustion furnace is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device, the feed pipe is connected to the upper outlet of the mixing chamber, the exhaust pipe is connected to the inlet of the gas combustion furnace, the lower end of the furnace body is connected to the inner cavity of the base, a rotatable platform is arranged directly below the lower end of the furnace body, and there is a gap between the lower end of the furnace body and the top of the platform.
[0010] Preferably, a discharge pipe is also included, and the lower left outlet of the base is connected to the lower inlet of the mixing chamber through the discharge pipe.
[0011] Preferably, it also includes an inclined slide, which is arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity, and the inclined slide is a slide that is low on the left and high on the right, so that the lower part of the inclined slide is arranged corresponding to the discharge pipe.
[0012] Preferably: the inclination angle of the inclined slide is 45°, the furnace body is a hollow cylindrical shape, the outer wall surface of the furnace body is insulated, the height of the furnace body is 250 mm or the common height of the furnace body and the feed pipe is 250 mm, the cross-sectional diameter is 50 mm, the thermocouple is an S-type thermocouple, there are seven thermocouple interfaces, the seven thermocouple interfaces are arranged vertically equidistantly, each corresponding to an S-type thermocouple is installed, and adjacent S-type thermocouples are spaced 20 mm apart.
[0013] Preferably: it also includes a steering gear box, a transmission shaft and a motor, the vertical output end of the steering gear box is connected to the lower center of the platform, the input end of the steering gear box is connected to the output end of the motor through the transmission shaft, the motor is arranged on the outside of the base and is connected to the side wall of the base by bolts, and the platform is located above the inclined slide.
[0014] A metal extraction method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device, using a metal extraction system based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device, comprising the following steps:
[0015] A certain amount of inert porous medium particles are added into the furnace body, an oxidant is introduced to bake the furnace, and the flame is kept between the inert porous medium particles until the inert porous medium particles reach a suitable temperature;
[0016] During the initial combustion (the first time materials are added): materials are added to the furnace body, the materials burn in the middle area of the furnace body, and the solid residues are discharged from the lower end of the furnace body; the heat generated by the combustion causes the HOR above the flame to crack, and due to the participation of water vapor, gasification occurs to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane, which are discharged from the gas outlet pipe;
[0017] During the second combustion (adding materials for the Nth time, N = 2, 3, 4...): the heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of HOR, the high-temperature flue gas generated rises and preheats the newly entered mixture, and the heated mixture transfers heat to the oxidant entering from the oxidant inlet and the water vapor entering from the water vapor inlet when moving downward, which facilitates the combustion of the mixture, and the combustion products are discharged from the lower end of the furnace body; the heat generated by the combustion promotes the cracking of the HOR above the flame, and the participation of water vapor produces gasification to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane, which are discharged from the gas outlet pipe;
[0018] Post-combustion discharge treatment: The discharged solid residue first falls onto the rotating platform. Under the action of centrifugal force, the solid residue scatters and falls on the inclined slide, and then slides to the discharge pipe along the inclined slide; effectively preventing the accumulation and blockage of solid residue; the discharge pipe is connected to the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is filled with HOR. After the inert porous medium and HOR are fully mixed, they enter the combustion furnace again through the feed pipe for combustion. This cycle is repeated to achieve the enrichment of the compound on the inert porous medium.
[0019] Preferably: a uniformly mixed material is added through a feed pipe, the material is a mixture of 20%-25% HOR, 60%-75% inert porous medium particles and 4-6% coal powder, preferably 20% HOR, 75% inert porous medium particles and 5% coal powder, and after uniform mixing, it is added to the furnace body through a feed pipe 1; the combustion area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace is the middle area of the furnace body, and after passing through the combustion area, the solid residue composed of ash and inert porous medium particles is discharged from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace to the inclined slideway of the combustion furnace base;
[0020] During the combustion process, the heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of HOR, and the high-temperature flue gas generated preheats the mixture of HOR and porous medium particles entering from the feed pipe. The heated particle mixture transfers heat to the oxidant and water vapor entering from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace during the downward movement, and preheats the oxidant and water vapor, which not only eliminates the need for additional heating devices, but also realizes the recovery of waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas, so that the particle mixture can reach a super-adiabatic combustion temperature during combustion. The higher combustion temperature also enables HOR to achieve self-sustaining combustion; the discharge temperature of the particle mixture at the discharge port is between 200-300°C, the diameter of the porous medium particles is 3-5mm, and the material of the porous medium particles can be inert materials that will not participate in the combustion reaction, such as refractory bricks, Al2O3, corundum gravel, etc.; the ratio of the porous medium particle diameter to the inner diameter of the furnace body is between 0.06-0.1;
[0021] The combustion furnace base includes a base 8, a rotating platform, a 90° steering gear, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, and an inclined slide; the right side of the base 8 shell is connected to the motor, and the inside of the shell is connected to the 90° steering gear. The motor and the 90° steering gear are connected together through a transmission shaft. The rotating platform is located above the 90° steering gear, and the bottom of the rotating platform is connected to the 90° steering gear. When the motor rotates, it drives the transmission shaft to rotate. The transmission shaft transmits power to the rotating platform through the 90° steering gear. The transmission ratio is 1:1-1:100. The friction between the rotating platform and the combustion products (solid residues) causes the combustion products to fall from the rotating platform to the inclined slide of the combustion furnace base and then be collected;
[0022] The gas generated by HOR cracking is burned in a gas combustion furnace. During the combustion, the heat is recovered by the water boiler in the gas combustion furnace and can be used to generate electricity after connecting to a steam turbine.
[0023] Preferably: the oxidant is a mixture of air and O2 in a certain proportion, the water vapor temperature is between 150-180°C, and the molar fraction ratio of water vapor to O2 is between 0.8-1.2; a certain proportion of water vapor will participate in the HOR combustion process at high temperature to produce a gasification reaction, which can not only reduce the combustion temperature, that is, achieve the purpose of controlling the combustion temperature, but also participate in the gasification reaction to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
[0024] Preferably: a metal extraction method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device is suitable for valuable metals such as molybdenum, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and their compounds.
[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0026] The heat generated by the combustion of the present invention promotes the gasification of HOR, and the generated high-temperature flue gas preheats the mixture of HOR and porous medium particles entering from the feed pipe 1. The heated particle mixture transfers heat to the oxidant and water vapor entering from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace during the downward movement, and the oxidant and water vapor are preheated, which not only eliminates the need for an additional heating device, but also realizes the recovery of waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, so that the particle mixture can reach a super-adiabatic combustion temperature during combustion. The higher combustion temperature also enables the HOR to achieve self-sustaining combustion. The equipment structure of the present invention is ingeniously designed, greatly reduces the production and maintenance costs, and is easy to operate. The present invention allows the HOR to be fully burned, greatly reducing its processing difficulty.
[0027] A rotatable platform is arranged directly below the lower end of the furnace body of the present invention, and there is a gap between the lower end of the furnace body and the upper surface of the platform, so that the downward movement speed of the solid in the furnace body can be controlled by the rotation speed, and the solid combustion products can be dispersed easily. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device.
[0029] In the figure, 1-feed pipe, 2-exhaust pipe, 3-thermocouple interface, 4-oxidant inlet, 5-water vapor inlet, 6-furnace body, 7-inner chamber, 8-base, 9-platform, 10-steering gear box, 11-transmission shaft, 12-motor, 13-inclined slide, 14-discharge pipe, 15-mixing chamber, 16-gas combustion furnace, 17-exhaust treatment device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described below by the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.
[0031] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figure 1 The present embodiment is described. A metal extraction system based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device in the present embodiment comprises a combustion furnace and a base 8, wherein the base 8 is arranged at the lower end of the combustion furnace; the combustion furnace is a vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace, comprising a feed pipe 1, an air outlet pipe 2, a thermocouple interface 3, an oxidant inlet 4, a water vapor inlet 5 and a furnace body 6, a thermocouple interface 3 is arranged on the side of the furnace body 6, a thermocouple is installed at the thermocouple interface 3, an oxidant inlet 4 and a water vapor inlet 5 are arranged on the lower part of the side of the furnace body 6, which play the role of supplying oxidant and water vapor, and a feed pipe 1 and an air outlet pipe 2 are arranged on the upper end of the furnace body 6;
[0032] It also includes a platform 9, a mixing chamber 15, a gas combustion furnace 16 and an exhaust gas treatment device 17. The base 8 has an inner chamber 7. The inner chamber 7 of the base 8 is connected to the mixing chamber 15. The inner chamber 7 of the base 8 is provided with a platform 9. The platform 9 is located below the combustion furnace. The upper end of the combustion furnace is connected to the mixing chamber 15 and the gas combustion furnace 16. The gas combustion furnace 16 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device 17. The feed pipe 1 is connected to the upper outlet of the mixing chamber 15, the gas outlet pipe 2 is connected to the inlet of the gas combustion furnace 16, the lower end of the furnace body 6 is connected to the inner chamber 7 of the base 8, and a rotatable platform 9 is provided directly below the lower end of the furnace body 6. There is a gap between the lower end of the furnace body 6 and the upper side of the platform 9, so that the falling speed can be controlled by the rotation speed, and the solid combustion products can be dispersed easily.
[0033] It also includes a discharge pipe 14, and the lower left outlet of the base 8 is connected to the lower inlet of the mixing chamber 15 through the discharge pipe 14;
[0034] It also includes an inclined slide 13, which is arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity 7, and the inclined slide 13 is a slide that is lower on the left and higher on the right, so that the lower part of the inclined slide 13 is arranged corresponding to the discharge pipe 14;
[0035] The inclination angle of the inclined slide 13 is 45°, the furnace body 6 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, the outer wall surface of the furnace body 6 is heat-insulated, the height of the furnace body 6 is 250 mm or the common height of the furnace body 6 and the feed pipe 1 is 250 mm, the cross-sectional diameter is 50 mm, the thermocouple is an S-type thermocouple, and there are seven thermocouple interfaces 3 in total. The seven thermocouple interfaces 3 are arranged vertically equidistantly, each corresponding to an S-type thermocouple is installed, and adjacent S-type thermocouples are spaced 20 mm apart;
[0036] It also includes a steering gear box 10, a transmission shaft 11 and a motor 12. The vertical output end of the steering gear box 10 is connected to the lower center of the platform 9. The input end of the steering gear box 10 is connected to the output end of the motor 12 through the transmission shaft 11. The motor 12 is arranged on the outside of the base 8 and is connected to the side wall of the base 8 by bolts. The platform 9 is located above the inclined slide 13.
[0037] The equipment structure of the present invention is ingeniously designed, greatly reduces production and maintenance costs, and is easy to operate.
[0038] Specific implementation method 2: Combination Figure 1The present embodiment is described. A metal extraction method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device is provided in the present embodiment. The metal extraction system based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device is adopted. The vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace comprises a feed pipe 1, an air outlet pipe 2, a thermocouple interface 3, an oxidant inlet 4, a water vapor inlet 5 and a furnace body 6. The furnace is 250 mm in height and 50 mm in cross-sectional diameter. The feed pipe 1 passes through the air outlet pipe 2 and extends to the inside of the furnace body 6. The material inlet and outlet speed is about 1 mm / s. Seven S-type thermocouples are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the middle part of the furnace. The interval between two adjacent thermocouples is 20 mm. The node is located on the inner side of the side wall of the furnace, which is used for online monitoring of the temperature at different heights inside the furnace. The oxidant The interface (oxidant inlet 4) and the water vapor interface (water vapor inlet 5) are located in the bottom area of the combustion cracking gasification reactor, and play the role of supplying oxidant and water vapor, wherein the oxidant is to maintain combustion, and the water vapor is the gasifying agent that causes the combustion cracking gasification reactor to produce gasification; the gas outlet (gas outlet pipe 2) is connected to the gas combustion furnace 16 through a pipeline, and the generated gas in the porous medium combustion furnace continues to burn in the gas combustion furnace 16, which can be used to generate synthesis gas, and the heat generated can be used to generate electricity; the flue gas at the outlet of the gas combustion furnace 16 enters the tail gas treatment module (tail gas treatment device 17) through a pipeline for tail gas treatment; the combustion furnace base (base 8) is in contact with the groove of the furnace body 6, and plays the purpose of bearing the furnace body; the combustion furnace base It is a hollow structure with an inner chamber 7. The right side of the combustion furnace base shell is connected to the motor 12, and the inside of the inner chamber 7 is connected to the 90° steering gear (steering gear set 10). The combustion furnace base shell serves to fix the motor and the 90° steering gear; the motor and the 90° steering gear are connected together through a transmission shaft 11. The rotating platform (platform 9) is located above the 90° steering gear, and serves to receive the combustion products in the combustion cracking gasification reactor (furnace body 6). The bottom of the rotating platform is connected to the 90° steering gear. The rotating platform may include a mounting seat connected to the steering gear box, a supporting seat used to cooperate with the bottom end of the furnace body, and a lifting motor. The upper part of the mounting seat is connected to the supporting seat through the lifting motor to realize the supporting seat. Lifting and lowering, thereby changing the gap between the support seat and the bottom of the furnace body, so as to achieve blocking and discharging. When the platform does not rotate, the gap is relatively small, and the inert porous medium particles can also rely on the friction between each other to prevent leakage. The motor rotates while driving the transmission shaft to rotate. The transmission shaft transmits power to the rotating platform through the 90° steering gear. The transmission ratio is 1:1-1:100. The friction between the rotating platform and the combustion products causes the combustion products to fall from the rotating platform to the inclined slideway of the combustion furnace base. By adjusting the motor power, the rotation speed of the rotating platform is controlled, and the vertical movement speed of the material in the combustion cracking gasification reactor is controlled to be about 1-3mm / s, so that the combustion flame is stabilized in the middle area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace;The inclined slide 13 is located inside the combustion furnace base with an inclination angle of 45°. The solid residue composed of ash and inert porous medium particles flows to the discharge pipe 14 through the slide. The discharge pipe is connected to the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is filled with HOR. After the porous medium and HOR are fully mixed, they enter the combustion furnace again through the feed pipe for combustion, and the cycle repeats.
[0039] The method comprises the following steps:
[0040] During the initial combustion (the first time the material is added): the material is added to the furnace body 6, the material burns in the middle area of the furnace body 6, and the solid residue is discharged from the lower end of the furnace body 6; the heat generated by the combustion causes the HOR above the flame to be cracked, and due to the participation of water vapor, gasification occurs to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane, and the clean combustible gases are discharged from the gas outlet pipe 2;
[0041] That is, a uniformly mixed material is added through the feed pipe 1, the material is a mixture of 20%-25% HOR, 60%-75% inert porous medium particles and 4-6% coal powder, preferably 20% HOR, 75% inert porous medium particles and 5% coal powder, and after being uniformly mixed, it is added to the furnace body through the feed pipe 1; the combustion area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace is the middle area of the furnace body, and after passing through the combustion area, the solid residue composed of ash and inert porous medium particles is discharged from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace to the inclined slideway of the combustion furnace base;
[0042] During the second combustion (adding materials for the Nth time, N=2,3,4...): the heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of HOR, the high-temperature flue gas generated rises and preheats the newly entered mixture, and the heated mixture transfers heat to the oxidant entering from the oxidant inlet 4 and the water vapor entering from the water vapor inlet 5 when moving downward, so as to facilitate the combustion of the mixture, and the combustion products are discharged from the lower end of the furnace body 6; the heat generated by the combustion promotes the cracking of the HOR above the flame, and the participation of water vapor produces a gasification effect to generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane and other clean combustible gases, which are discharged from the gas outlet pipe 2;
[0043] That is, during the combustion process, the heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of HOR, and the high-temperature flue gas generated preheats the mixture of HOR and porous medium particles entering from the feed pipe 1. The heated particle mixture transfers heat to the oxidant and water vapor entering from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace during the downward movement, and preheats the oxidant and water vapor, which not only eliminates the need for additional heating devices, but also realizes the recovery of waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas, so that the particle mixture can reach a super-adiabatic combustion temperature during combustion. The higher combustion temperature also enables HOR to achieve self-sustaining combustion; the discharge temperature of the particle mixture at the discharge port is between 200-300°C, the discharge temperature of the particle mixture at the discharge port is between 200-300°C, the diameter of the porous medium particles is 3-5mm, and the material of the porous medium particles can be inert materials that will not participate in the combustion reaction, such as refractory bricks, Al2O3, corundum gravel, etc.; the ratio of the porous medium particle diameter to the inner diameter of the furnace body is between 0.06-0.1;
[0044] The discharged solid residue first falls onto the rotating platform 9. Under the action of centrifugal force, the solid residue is scattered and falls onto the inclined slide 13, and then slides along the inclined slide 13 to the discharge pipe 14, effectively preventing the accumulation and blockage of the solid residue. The discharge pipe 14 is connected to the mixing chamber 15, and the mixing chamber 15 is filled with HOR. After the inert porous medium and HOR are fully mixed, they enter the combustion furnace again through the feed pipe 1 for combustion. This cycle is repeated to achieve the enrichment of the compound on the inert porous medium.
[0045] That is, the combustion furnace base includes a base 8, a rotating platform, a 90° steering gear, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, and an inclined slide; the right side of the base 8 shell is connected to the motor, and the inside of the shell is connected to the 90° steering gear. The motor and the 90° steering gear are connected together through a transmission shaft. The rotating platform is located above the 90° steering gear, and the bottom of the rotating platform is connected to the 90° steering gear. When the motor 12 rotates, it drives the transmission shaft 11 to rotate. The transmission shaft 11 transmits power to the rotating platform 9 through the 90° steering gear. The transmission ratio is 1:1-1:100. The rotating platform and the combustion product ( Solid residues) are formed between the rotating platform and the solid residues, and the combustion products are caused to fall from the rotating platform to the inclined slideway of the combustion furnace base through friction, and then collected; by adjusting the motor power, the rotating speed of the rotating platform is controlled, and the vertical moving speed of the materials in the combustion cracking gasification reactor is controlled to be about 1-3mm / s, and the combustion flame is stabilized in the middle area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace. The heat generated by the combustion promotes the cracking of the HOR above the flame, and the gasification effect is generated due to the participation of water vapor to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane;
[0046] The gas combustion furnace 16 is a combustion boiler, which is connected to the gas outlet pipe 2 through a pipeline. The gas generated by the cracking of HOR is burned in the gas combustion furnace. During the combustion, the heat is recovered by the water boiler in the gas combustion furnace and can be used to generate electricity after being connected to the steam turbine.
[0047] The oxidant inlet 4 and the water vapor inlet 5 extend to the interior of the furnace body 6, and supply oxidant and water vapor to the interior of the furnace body, the oxidant is a mixture of air and O2 in a certain proportion, the water vapor temperature is between 150-180°C, and the molar fraction ratio of water vapor to O2 is between 0.8-1.2; a certain proportion of water vapor will participate in the HOR combustion process at high temperature to produce a gasification reaction, which can not only reduce the combustion temperature, that is, achieve the purpose of controlling the combustion temperature, but also participate in the gasification reaction to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
[0048] A metal extraction method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device is suitable for the extraction of valuable metals such as molybdenum, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and their compounds; the invention enables HOR to be fully burned, greatly reducing the difficulty of its treatment.
[0049] Embodiment 1:
[0050] Taking the extraction of metal molybdenum (Mo) as an example, natural gas and air need to be introduced into the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace for furnace drying before formal operation. Materials containing only inert porous medium particles are added to the top of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace. After the porous medium fills 1 / 6 of the space inside the furnace body, the feeding is stopped. A mixture of air and natural gas is introduced into the oxidant inlet for furnace drying, and the flame is kept between the porous medium particles instead of above the porous medium particles. After the temperature of all the inert porous medium particles reaches 600°C, H is added to the top of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace. A processed mixture of OR, solid inert material and pulverized coal, wherein HOR accounts for about 20% and pulverized coal accounts for about 5%; after filling the furnace body 6, stop feeding, and the flame propagates upward from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace. After the flame surface reaches the middle area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace, stop the supply of natural gas, adjust the flow of the oxidant air inlet 4 and the water vapor air inlet 5, and ensure that the ratio of water vapor to air is between 0.8-1.2; turn on the motor 12, and adjust the speed of the motor 12 so that the particle mixture produced by the combustion is 1-3mm / s The vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace is charged at a certain frequency to ensure that the furnace is always filled; after air and water vapor enter the furnace body 6, the water vapor participates in the cracking reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas; the combustion area is in the middle area, and the high-temperature flue gas generated preheats and dries the mixture of HOR and porous medium particles entering the feed port, and the radiation and convection heat transfer of the flame transfers heat to the inert porous medium, and with the discharge of the discharge port, the heat is transferred to the air and water vapor mixture of the inlet pipe, and the air and steam mixture is heated. Preheating is performed to make the combustion temperature higher than the adiabatic flame temperature to achieve a super-adiabatic combustion state. The higher combustion temperature can replace the role of the catalyst, accelerate the evaporation of the molybdenum compound in the HOR, and fully oxidize the unburned carbon and toxic hydrocarbons in the solid residue under sufficient air supply, thereby reducing environmental pollution and the difficulty of tail gas treatment. A certain proportion of water vapor will also participate in the HOR combustion process at high temperature to produce a gasification reaction, which can not only reduce the combustion temperature, that is, achieve the purpose of controlling the combustion temperature, but also participate in the gasification reaction to generate clean combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide;
[0051] In the present invention, after air and water vapor enter the furnace body 6, the water vapor participates in the cracking and gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas, while reducing the combustion temperature, achieving the purpose of controlling the maximum combustion temperature and improving the stability of the flame front. In addition, due to the endothermic oxidation of carbon and water vapor, the calorific value of the gasified gaseous products can also be increased, mainly including CO and H2; the addition of coal powder to the mixture helps to improve the flame stability and the maximum combustion temperature of the flame; the combustion area is in the middle area, and the high-temperature flue gas generated preheats and dries the mixture of HOR and porous medium particles entering the feed port. At the same time, the radiation and convection heat exchange of the flame transfer heat to the inert porous medium, and along with the discharge of the bottom of the combustion furnace, the heat is transferred to the oxidant and water vapor entering from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace, and the oxidant and water vapor are preheated to make the combustion temperature higher than the adiabatic flame temperature, thereby achieving super-adiabatic combustion. state, since the combustion temperature is between 640-920°C, the gas temperature at the outlet pipe is lower than 500°C, molybdenum trioxide is quite volatile at a temperature above 600°C, but at a temperature of about 530°C, the vapor pressure is negligible. Under these conditions, the outlet port basically does not contain Mo oxides, Mo condenses in the form of compounds and is enriched on the inert porous medium and continuously accumulates on the particle surface as the inert particles are recycled; the higher combustion temperature can replace the role of the catalyst, accelerate the evaporation of the molybdenum compound in HOR, and fully oxidize the unburned carbon and toxic hydrocarbons in the solid residue under sufficient air supply, reducing environmental pollution and the difficulty of tail gas treatment; the discharge pipe is connected to the mixing chamber, and the mixing chamber is filled with HOR. After the inert porous medium and HOR are fully mixed, they enter the combustion furnace again through the feed pipe for combustion, and this cycle is repeated to achieve the enrichment of Mo compounds on the inert porous medium.
[0052] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions are not contradictory, they can be arranged and combined, and those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities based on the mathematical knowledge of arrangement and combination. Therefore, the present invention will no longer describe the technical solutions after arrangement and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after arrangement and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.
[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combustion furnace and a base (8), wherein the base (8) is arranged at the lower end of the combustion furnace; the combustion furnace comprises a feed pipe (1), an air outlet pipe (2), a thermocouple interface (3), an oxidant inlet (4), a water vapor inlet (5) and a furnace body (6); a thermocouple interface (3) is arranged on the side of the furnace body (6), a thermocouple is installed at the thermocouple interface (3), an oxidant inlet (4) and a water vapor inlet (5) are arranged at the lower part of the side of the furnace body (6), and a feed pipe (1) and an air outlet pipe (2) are arranged at the upper end of the furnace body (6).
2. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a platform (9), a mixing chamber (15), a gas combustion furnace (16) and an exhaust gas treatment device (17); the base (8) has an inner chamber (7); the inner chamber (7) of the base (8) is connected to the mixing chamber (15); the upper end of the combustion furnace is connected to the mixing chamber (15) and the gas combustion furnace (16); the gas combustion furnace (16) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device (17); the feed pipe (1) is connected to the upper outlet of the mixing chamber (15); the gas outlet pipe (2) is connected to the inlet of the gas combustion furnace (16); the lower end of the furnace body (6) is connected to the inner chamber (7) of the base (8); and a platform (9) is arranged directly below the lower end of the furnace body (6).
3. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also comprises a discharge pipe (14), and the lower left outlet of the base (8) is connected to the lower inlet of the mixing chamber (15) through the discharge pipe (14).
4. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an inclined slide (13), which is arranged at the lower part of the inner cavity (7), and the inclined slide (13) is a slide that is lower on the left and higher on the right, so that the lower part of the inclined slide (13) is arranged corresponding to the discharge pipe (14).
5. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the inclined slideway (13) is 45°, the furnace body (6) is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, the outer wall surface of the furnace body (6) is subjected to heat insulation treatment, the furnace body (6) is 250 mm in height, the cross-sectional diameter is 50 mm, the thermocouple is an S-type thermocouple, there are seven thermocouple interfaces (3), the seven thermocouple interfaces (3) are arranged vertically equidistantly, each corresponding to an S-type thermocouple is installed, and adjacent S-type thermocouples are spaced 20 mm apart.
6. A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a steering gear box (10), a transmission shaft (11) and a motor (12); the output end of the steering gear box (10) is connected to the lower center of the platform (9); the input end of the steering gear box (10) is connected to the output end of the motor (12) through the transmission shaft (11); the motor (12) is bolted to the base (8); and the platform (9) is located above the inclined slideway (13).
7. A metal extraction method based on a porous media moving bed combustion device, characterized in that: A metal extraction system based on a porous media moving bed combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: A certain amount of inert porous medium particles are added into the furnace body (6), an oxidant is introduced to bake the furnace, and the flame is kept between the inert porous medium particles until the inert porous medium particles reach a suitable temperature; Adding materials into the furnace body (6), the materials burn in the middle area of the furnace body (6), and solid residues are discharged from the lower end of the furnace body (6); the heat generated by the combustion causes the HOR above the flame to be cracked, and due to the participation of water vapor, a gasification effect is generated to generate clean combustible gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet pipe (2); The heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of the HOR. The high-temperature flue gas generated rises and preheats the newly introduced mixture. When the heated mixture moves downward, it transfers heat to the oxidant entering from the oxidant inlet (4) and the water vapor entering from the water vapor inlet (5), which facilitates the combustion of the mixture. The combustion products are discharged from the lower end of the furnace body (6). The heat generated by the combustion promotes the cracking of the HOR above the flame. Due to the participation of the water vapor, a gasification effect is generated to generate combustible gas, which is discharged from the gas outlet pipe (2). The discharged solid residue first falls onto the rotating platform (9), and under the action of centrifugal force, the solid residue is scattered and falls onto the inclined slide (13), and then slides along the inclined slide (13) to the discharge pipe (14); the mixing chamber (15) is filled with HOR, and the inert porous medium and HOR are fully mixed and then enter the combustion furnace again through the feed pipe (1) for combustion.
8. The metal extraction method based on the porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Adding a uniformly mixed material through a feed pipe (1), the material being a mixture of 20%-25% HOR, 60%-75% inert porous medium particles and 4-6% coal powder, and adding the material into the furnace body through the feed pipe 1 after being uniformly mixed; The combustion area of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace is the middle area of the furnace body. After passing through the combustion area, the solid residue consisting of ash and inert porous medium particles is discharged from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace; During the combustion process, the heat generated by the combustion promotes the gasification of the HOR, and the high-temperature flue gas generated preheats the mixture of the HOR and the porous medium particles entering through the feed pipe (1). The heated particle mixture transfers heat to the oxidant and water vapor entering from the bottom of the vertical cylindrical porous medium combustion furnace during the downward movement, thereby preheating the oxidant and water vapor, causing the particle mixture to burn, and the HOR to achieve self-sustaining combustion. The motor (12) rotates and drives the transmission shaft (11) to rotate. The transmission shaft (11) transmits power to the platform (9) through the 90° steering gear. The friction between the rotating platform and the combustion products causes the combustion products to fall from the rotating platform to the inclined slideway of the combustion furnace base and then be collected. The gas generated by HOR cracking is burned in a gas combustion furnace. During the combustion, the heat is recovered by the water boiler in the gas combustion furnace and can be used to generate electricity after connecting to a steam turbine.
9. The metal extraction method based on the porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The oxidant is a mixture of air and O2, the water vapor temperature is between 150-180°C, and the molar fraction ratio of water vapor to O2 is between 0.8-1.
2.
10. The metal extraction method based on the porous media moving bed combustion device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The invention discloses a metal extraction method based on a porous medium moving bed combustion device, which is suitable for molybdenum, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and their compounds.