Tunnel monitoring system and method based on Lora technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, in particular to a tunnel monitoring system and method based on the Lora technology. Comprising an acquisition module, a Lora gateway module and a monitoring platform, the acquisition module is used for acquiring displacement data and pressure data of a tunnel, and the Lora gateway module is used for transmitting the displacement data and the pressure data of the acquisition module to the monitoring platform; the displacement change and the pressure change of the tunnel are monitored through the static leveling instrument, the displacement meter, the soil pressure box and the water pressure gauge, and when tunnel settlement or displacement occurs, a prompt can be given out in time to maintain the safety of the tunnel; according to the monitoring method, the displacement data and the pressure data are firstly compressed and then transmitted to the monitoring platform, so that the data transmission efficiency can be improved, and the integrity of the data is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel monitoring system and method based on Lora technology. Background Art

[0002] As the mileage of highways continues to grow, there will be more and more complex construction environments where new lines cross over or under existing operating highways and multiple lines are distributed in one space. During the construction process around the operating highway tunnel, the rock mass around the tunnel will inevitably be disturbed, causing the tunnel to deform, seriously affecting the structure and operational safety of the tunnel. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor the operating tunnel structure in real time during construction and use the monitoring results to guide engineering construction to ensure the safety of the operating tunnel.

[0003] At present, tunnel settlement monitoring mainly adopts manual measurement or ordinary level measurement, and traditional optical or physical methods are generally used to measure tunnels. Manual measurement is difficult and the accuracy is difficult to guarantee; ordinary level is greatly affected by environmental factors, the calculation is complicated, and it is difficult to guarantee timeliness. For example, due to the thermal expansion and contraction of the coolant, the test accuracy of the response level will be affected by the large temperature difference and the extremely low temperature in the north. Therefore, automated monitoring technology came into being, which has the characteristics of automation, real-time, high precision, and high efficiency. However, due to various limitations, the current promotion level is not high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problem that the existing tunnel settlement monitoring test has low accuracy and low efficiency.

[0005] The present invention provides a technical solution to solve the above-mentioned problem: A tunnel monitoring system based on Lora technology includes a collection module, a Lora gateway module and a monitoring platform, wherein the collection module is used to obtain displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel, and the Lora gateway module is used to transmit the displacement data and pressure data of the collection module to the monitoring platform; Among them, the acquisition module includes multiple static levels, displacement meters, earth pressure boxes and water pressure gauges. The static level is set on the top and inner wall of the tunnel, the displacement meter is set on the inner wall and top of the tunnel, the earth pressure box is set in the soil on the lower side of the tunnel, and the water pressure gauge is set in the soil on the top of the tunnel and the soil on the side of the tunnel; the static level and displacement meter are used to obtain the displacement data of the tunnel, and the earth pressure box and water pressure gauge are used to obtain the pressure data of the tunnel.

[0006] Preferably, a further technical solution of the present invention is: The monitoring platform is set with a displacement threshold and a pressure threshold, and the monitoring platform is connected to an alarm device. When the displacement data and pressure data received by the monitoring platform exceed the displacement threshold and the pressure threshold, the alarm device issues an alarm prompt.

[0007] The second technical solution of the present invention to solve the problem is: A tunnel monitoring method based on Lora technology, applied to the detection system of technical solution 1, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix a static level on the top and inner wall of the tunnel, fix an earth pressure box in the soil beside the tunnel, fix a water pressure gauge in the soil at the top of the tunnel and in the soil beside the lower part of the tunnel, and fix a displacement gauge on the inner wall and top of the tunnel. Obtain the displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel through the static level, earth pressure box, water pressure gauge and displacement gauge; Step 2: construct a displacement transmission matrix and a pressure transmission matrix according to the displacement data and the pressure data respectively; Step 3: Divide the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix into multiple categories, and calculate the data repetition and compression of the displacement data and the pressure data respectively according to the number of categories of the displacement data and the pressure data; Step 4: Compress the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix respectively according to the repeatability and compression degree, and the Lora gateway module transmits the compressed displacement data and pressure data to the monitoring platform.

[0008] The data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data is calculated respectively according to the categories of the displacement data and the pressure data, specifically: straight line fitting is performed on the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to obtain the slope of the fitting line, the number of categories of the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix is ​​normalized, and the normalized value is multiplied by the slope of the fitting line to obtain the data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data of the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix.

[0009] The displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix are compressed respectively, specifically: the displacement transmission matrix or the pressure transmission matrix is ​​used as the initial matrix, the initial matrix is ​​pre-divided into a plurality of first matrix blocks, and according to the average of the compression degrees of the first matrix blocks and the compression degree of the initial matrix, it is judged whether the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts according to the pre-divided division method to obtain a plurality of first matrix blocks; when the initial matrix is ​​not divided into equal parts, the initial matrix is ​​used as the target matrix; when the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts, each of the first matrix blocks after the division is used as a new initial matrix, and each new initial matrix block is pre-divided into equal parts. Divide equally to obtain multiple second matrix blocks corresponding to each new initial matrix block, determine whether the new initial matrix is ​​divided equally according to the compression degree of each new initial matrix and the average of the compression degrees of the corresponding multiple second matrix blocks, and iterate in sequence until the matrix blocks after equal division do not continue to be divided equally or reach a set size, so as to obtain all target matrices; obtain the importance of each type of data to be transmitted in each target matrix according to the concentration degree of each type of data to be transmitted and the number of data to be transmitted in each target matrix; obtain the encoding direction of each target matrix according to the type of data to be transmitted corresponding to the maximum importance in each target matrix; run-length encode each target matrix according to the encoding direction of each target matrix to obtain compressed displacement data and pressure data.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention using the above technical solution has the following beneficial effects: The displacement and pressure changes of the tunnel are monitored by means of a static level, a displacement meter, an earth pressure box and a water pressure meter. When tunnel settlement or displacement occurs, a reminder can be issued in time to maintain the safety of the tunnel. With the monitoring method of the present invention, the displacement data and pressure data are first compressed and then transmitted to the monitoring platform, which can improve the data transmission efficiency and ensure the integrity of the data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the acquisition module of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of a monitoring method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Tunnel; 2. Water pressure gauge; 3. Earth pressure box; 4. Steel wire displacement meter; 5. Static level; 6. Multi-point displacement meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, the purpose of which is only to provide a better understanding of the content of the present invention. Therefore, the examples given do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0013] See attached Figure 1-2, Embodiment 1 of the present invention discloses a tunnel monitoring system based on Lora technology, including a collection module, a Lora gateway module and a monitoring platform, wherein the collection module is used to obtain displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel, and the Lora gateway module is used to transmit the displacement data and pressure data of the collection module to the monitoring platform; Among them, the acquisition module includes multiple static levels 5, displacement meters, earth pressure boxes 3 and water pressure gauges 2. The displacement meters include multi-point displacement meters 6 and wire displacement meters 4. The static level 5 is arranged on the top of the tunnel 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel 1. The wire displacement meter 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel 1. The multi-point displacement meter 6 is inserted at the top of the tunnel 1. Two earth pressure boxes 3 are provided, which are respectively fixed in the soil on both sides of the lower part of the tunnel 1. Three water pressure gauges 2 are provided, which are respectively fixed in the soil at the top of the tunnel 1 and the soil on both sides of the tunnel 1. The displacement data of the tunnel 1 is obtained by the static level 5 and the displacement meter, and the pressure data of the soil at the top and the lower part of the tunnel 1 on both sides are obtained by the earth pressure box 3 and the water pressure gauge 2.

[0014] In this embodiment, a displacement threshold and a pressure threshold are set in the monitoring platform, and the monitoring platform is connected to an alarm device. When the displacement data and pressure data received by the monitoring platform exceed the displacement threshold and the pressure threshold, the alarm device issues an alarm prompt to promptly remind construction personnel of the situation of tunnel 1.

[0015] Embodiment 2 of the present invention discloses a tunnel monitoring method based on Lora technology, which is applied to the detection system of technical solution 1 and includes the following steps: Step 1: fix a static level 5 on the top of the tunnel 1 and the inner wall of the tunnel 1, fix an earth pressure box 3 in the soil on both sides of the lower part of the tunnel 1, fix a water pressure gauge 2 in the soil at the top of the tunnel 1 and the soil on both sides of the lower part of the tunnel 1, fix a displacement meter on the inner wall of the tunnel 1 and the top of the tunnel 1, and obtain displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel 1 through the static level 5, the earth pressure box 3, the water pressure gauge 2 and the displacement meter; Step 2: construct a displacement transmission matrix and a pressure transmission matrix according to the displacement data and the pressure data respectively; Step 3: classify the matrix data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix according to the data values ​​of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis to obtain multiple types of displacement data and pressure data, and sort the data from small to large according to the data amount of the displacement data and pressure data corresponding to each data value, and obtain data quantity sets of different types of displacement data and pressure data respectively, perform linear fitting on the data in the set by the least squares method to obtain the slope of the fitting line, negatively correlate the slope of the fitting line and the number of categories of displacement data and pressure data, and calculate the repeatability of the displacement data and pressure data by the slope of the fitting line; The compression degree of each displacement transmission matrix and pressure transmission matrix is ​​obtained according to the repetition degree of displacement data and pressure data in each displacement transmission matrix and pressure transmission matrix, the concentration degree of each category of displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and pressure transmission matrix, and the number of displacement data and pressure data; Step 4: Compress the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix respectively according to the repeatability and compression degree, and the Lora gateway module transmits the compressed displacement data and pressure data to the monitoring platform.

[0016] In this embodiment, the data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data is calculated respectively according to the categories of the displacement data and the pressure data, specifically: straight line fitting is performed on the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to obtain the slope of the fitting line, the number of categories of the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix is ​​normalized, and the normalized value is multiplied by the slope of the fitting line to obtain the data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data of the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix.

[0017] In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the concentration degree of each type of displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix is ​​as follows: a rectangular coordinate system is established for the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix respectively, and the discrete degree of each type of displacement data or pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix or the pressure transmission matrix is ​​obtained according to the distance from the position of each type of displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to the origin respectively; a morphological closing operation is performed on the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to obtain an updated displacement transmission matrix and pressure transmission matrix, and the updated displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix are subtracted from the initial displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to obtain the number of displacement data and pressure data of each type. The method is to analyze the connectivity of each type of displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix; then analyze the local concentration of displacement data or pressure data in a matrix, that is, mark one type of displacement data or pressure data as 1, mark other types of data to be transmitted as 0, and then take the adjacent data marked as 1 as a data block. A 3*3 window is set for the initial matrix with data marked as 0 and 1, and a morphological closing operation is performed to obtain a matrix with updated pressure data or displacement data marked as 0 and 1. The number of displacement data and pressure data marked as 1 after the updated displacement transmission matrix or pressure transmission matrix is ​​subtracted from the initial displacement transmission matrix or pressure transmission matrix is ​​counted as the connectivity of each type of displacement data or pressure data.

[0018] In this embodiment, the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix are compressed respectively, specifically: the displacement transmission matrix or the pressure transmission matrix is ​​used as the initial matrix, the initial matrix is ​​pre-divided into a plurality of first matrix blocks, and according to the average of the compression degrees of the first matrix blocks and the compression degree of the initial matrix, it is judged whether the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts according to the pre-dividing division method to obtain a plurality of first matrix blocks; when the initial matrix is ​​not divided into equal parts, the initial matrix is ​​used as the target matrix; when the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts, each of the first matrix blocks after the equal division is used as a new initial matrix, and each new initial matrix block is pre-divided into equal parts to obtain a plurality of first matrix blocks corresponding to each new initial matrix block. The second matrix block determines whether the new initial matrix is ​​to be equally divided according to the compression degree of each new initial matrix and the average compression degree of the corresponding multiple second matrix blocks, and iterates in sequence until the equally divided matrix blocks are no longer to be equally divided or reach a set size, so as to obtain all the target matrices; according to the concentration degree of each type of data to be transmitted in each target matrix and the number of data to be transmitted, the importance of each type of data to be transmitted in each target matrix is ​​obtained; according to the type of data to be transmitted corresponding to the maximum importance in each target matrix, the encoding direction of each target matrix is ​​obtained; and each target matrix is ​​run-length encoded according to the encoding direction of each target matrix to obtain compressed displacement data and pressure data.

[0019] The displacement and pressure changes of the tunnel are monitored by means of a static level, a displacement meter, an earth pressure box and a water pressure meter. When tunnel settlement or displacement occurs, a reminder can be issued in time to maintain the safety of the tunnel. With the monitoring method of the present invention, the displacement data and pressure data are first compressed and then transmitted to the monitoring platform, which can improve the data transmission efficiency and ensure the integrity of the data.

[0020] The above description is only a preferred feasible embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of rights of the present invention. All equivalent changes made using the contents of the present invention specification and its drawings are included in the scope of rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel monitoring system based on Lora technology, characterized by: It includes a collection module, a Lora gateway module and a monitoring platform. The collection module is used to obtain the displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel. The Lora gateway module is used to transmit the displacement data and pressure data of the collection module to the monitoring platform. Among them, the acquisition module includes multiple static levels, displacement meters, earth pressure boxes and water pressure gauges. The static level is set on the top and inner wall of the tunnel, the displacement meter is set on the inner wall and top of the tunnel, the earth pressure box is set in the soil on the lower side of the tunnel, and the water pressure gauge is set in the soil on the top of the tunnel and the soil on the side of the tunnel; the static level and displacement meter are used to obtain the displacement data of the tunnel, and the earth pressure box and water pressure gauge are used to obtain the pressure data of the tunnel.

2. The tunnel monitoring system based on Lora technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring platform is set with a displacement threshold and a pressure threshold, and the monitoring platform is connected to an alarm device. When the displacement data and pressure data received by the monitoring platform exceed the displacement threshold and the pressure threshold, the alarm device issues an alarm prompt.

3. A tunnel monitoring method based on Lora technology, applied to the detection system described in claims 1-2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Fix a static level on the top and inner wall of the tunnel, fix an earth pressure box in the soil beside the tunnel, fix a water pressure gauge in the soil at the top of the tunnel and in the soil beside the lower part of the tunnel, and fix a displacement gauge on the inner wall and top of the tunnel. Obtain the displacement data and pressure data of the tunnel through the static level, earth pressure box, water pressure gauge and displacement gauge; Step 2: construct a displacement transmission matrix and a pressure transmission matrix according to the displacement data and the pressure data respectively; Step 3: Divide the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix into multiple categories, and calculate the data repetition and compression of the displacement data and the pressure data respectively according to the number of categories of the displacement data and the pressure data; Step 4: Compress the displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix respectively according to the repeatability and compression degree, and the Lora gateway module transmits the compressed displacement data and pressure data to the monitoring platform.

4. The tunnel monitoring method based on Lora technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data is calculated respectively according to the categories of the displacement data and the pressure data, specifically: straight line fitting is performed on the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix to obtain the slope of the fitting line, the number of categories of the displacement data and the pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix is ​​normalized, and the normalized value is multiplied by the slope of the fitting line to obtain the data repetition of the displacement data and the pressure data of the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix.

5. The tunnel monitoring method based on Lora technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The displacement data and pressure data in the displacement transmission matrix and the pressure transmission matrix are compressed respectively, specifically as follows: the displacement transmission matrix or the pressure transmission matrix is ​​used as the initial matrix, the initial matrix is ​​pre-divided into a plurality of first matrix blocks, and the initial matrix is ​​judged whether the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts according to the pre-divided division method to obtain a plurality of first matrix blocks according to the average of the compression degrees of the first matrix blocks and the compression degree of the initial matrix; when the initial matrix is ​​not divided into equal parts, the initial matrix is ​​used as the target matrix; when the initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts, each of the first matrix blocks after the equal division is used as a new initial matrix, and each new initial matrix block is pre-divided into equal parts to obtain a plurality of second matrix blocks corresponding to each new initial matrix block, and the new initial matrix is ​​judged whether the new initial matrix is ​​divided into equal parts according to the compression degree of each new initial matrix and the average of the compression degrees of the corresponding plurality of second matrix blocks, and it is iterated in sequence until the divided matrix blocks are no longer divided into equal parts or reach a set size, and all target matrices are obtained; According to the concentration degree of each type of data to be transmitted in each target matrix and the number of data to be transmitted, the importance of each type of data to be transmitted in each target matrix is ​​obtained; Obtaining the encoding direction of each target matrix according to the type of data to be transmitted corresponding to the maximum importance value in each target matrix; Run-length encoding is performed on each target matrix according to the encoding direction of each target matrix to obtain compressed displacement data and pressure data.

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