Method for monitoring forest rainfall distribution in real time

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rainfall monitoring, and particularly discloses a method for monitoring forest rainfall distribution in real time. Three parallel sample plots are randomly selected in a target forest area, the interval between the sample plots is larger than 100 m, a set of rainfall collection device is arranged in each sample plot, collection points of each set of rainfall collection device comprise an arbor upper layer, an arbor lower layer, a shrub upper layer, a shrub lower layer, a litter layer, a soil layer and trunks, and rainfall data of the sample plots are collected and stored. Related data is transmitted to the ground transfer station, then the ground transfer station gathers and collects rainfall distribution data collected by the rainfall collection device, stores the rainfall distribution data or uploads the rainfall distribution data to the cloud, and the limitation of a traditional monitoring method in complex terrains and dense vegetation is overcome through layered real-time collection of rainfall at different heights of a forest. And forest rainfall distribution can be efficiently and accurately monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of precipitation monitoring, and in particular relates to a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution. Background Art

[0002] Forest precipitation distribution plays an important role in the forest hydrological cycle. It not only affects soil moisture and groundwater recharge, but also has a profound impact on the growth of forest vegetation and ecological protection. Traditional precipitation monitoring methods mostly rely on ground meteorological stations and manual observations. However, in forest areas, due to complex terrain and dense vegetation, the distribution and flow of precipitation are difficult to monitor accurately and in real time through traditional methods. Therefore, the development of an efficient and accurate real-time monitoring method for forest precipitation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution, so as to solve the problem that traditional precipitation monitoring methods cannot accurately monitor and identify forest precipitation distribution.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution, comprising the steps of:

[0006] Three parallel plots were randomly selected in the target forest area, with the interval between each plot greater than 100 m;

[0007] Deploy precipitation collection equipment in the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks of the standard sample forest to obtain precipitation distribution data in the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks;

[0008] The precipitation collection device transmits the collected precipitation distribution data to a transfer station on the ground, and the transfer station stores the collected data or uploads it to the cloud.

[0009] Preferably, the soil layer precipitation distribution data includes water content data of the 0-10 cm underground soil layer, the 10-20 cm underground soil layer and the 20-30 cm underground soil layer.

[0010] A precipitation collection device, using a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution, comprising:

[0011] A tree precipitation collection unit is arranged on the upper layer of the forest canopy, the lower layer of the forest canopy, the litter layer and the tree trunk. The tree precipitation collection unit includes a collection cup, a partition fixedly installed in the middle of the collection cup and a funnel connected to the mouth of the collection cup. The top of the partition is connected to a water level measuring instrument for measuring the water level inside the collection cup. The bottom of the partition is provided with a battery connected to the collection cup for power supply and a control mainboard for receiving and transmitting the measurement data of the water level measuring instrument;

[0012] A soil precipitation collection unit is inserted into the soil layer, and includes a moisture meter and a measuring rod fixedly mounted on the end of the moisture meter, wherein the measuring rod is engraved with a scale groove for indicating the insertion depth;

[0013] The transfer device is arranged on the ground, and the transfer device is respectively connected to the control main board and the moisture meter for communication, and the transfer device is internally provided with a storage device for storing collected data and a wireless signal transmitter for transmitting the collected data to the cloud.

[0014] Preferably, the collection cup is provided with a water outlet located above the partition, and a blocking component for blocking the water outlet is provided inside the interlayer between the collection cup and the partition, and the blocking component comprises:

[0015] An electromagnet, which is fixedly mounted on the collection cup and electrically connected to the control mainboard;

[0016] A telescopic rod, the telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the electromagnet and a spring is sleeved on the telescopic rod;

[0017] The pull iron is fixedly installed at the end of the telescopic rod, and a pull rod is fixedly connected to the pull iron. One end of the pull rod passes through the collection cup and is fixedly connected to a blocking block for blocking the water outlet.

[0018] Preferably, a horizontal fixed connection component for clamping branches is provided at the bottom of the collection cup, and the horizontal fixed connection component includes:

[0019] A horizontal adjustment part, the horizontal adjustment part comprises three ball grooves fixedly mounted on the bottom of the collection cup, a ball head rod movably connected inside the ball groove, and an adjustment cylinder threadedly sleeved on the end of the ball head rod, and the end of the adjustment cylinder is fixedly connected to a mounting plate;

[0020] The fixed connection part includes a pad fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate and arranged in an arc shape. The bottom of the mounting plate is hinged with two clamping plates arranged relatively to each other. The ends of the clamping plates are hinged with connecting plates, and bolts are bridged between the two connecting plates.

[0021] Preferably, the measuring rod is provided with a baffle and a sleeve fixedly mounted on the baffle, the opening end portion of the sleeve is forked outward to form an inclined section, and the sleeve is threadedly connected with a nut for forcing the inclined section to return to the straight position and clamp the measuring rod.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention randomly selects 3 parallel sample plots in a target forest area, with the interval between each sample plot being greater than 100m, and arranges a set of precipitation collection devices inside each sample plot, wherein the collection points of each set of precipitation collection devices include the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunk, collects and stores precipitation data of the sample plot, and transmits the relevant data to a ground transfer station, which then summarizes and collects precipitation distribution data collected by the precipitation collection devices, stores the precipitation distribution data or uploads it to the cloud, and overcomes the limitations of traditional monitoring methods in complex terrain and dense vegetation by collecting precipitation at different heights of the forest in real time in layers, and can efficiently and accurately monitor forest precipitation distribution in real time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the forest precipitation distribution monitoring method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 The overall structure of the tree precipitation collection unit of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 3 The overall structure of the tree precipitation collection unit of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the tree precipitation collection part of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified image of the middle part;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil precipitation collection part of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the transfer device of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Collection cup; 2. Partition; 3. Funnel; 4. Water level meter; 5. Battery; 6. Control main board; 7. Electromagnet; 8. Telescopic rod; 9. Spring; 10. Pull iron; 11. Pull rod; 12. Block; 13. Water outlet; 14. Ball groove; 15. Ball head rod; 16. Adjustment cylinder; 17. Mounting plate; 18. Pad; 19. Clamp; 20. Connecting plate; 21. Bolt; 22. Moisture meter; 23. Measuring rod; 24. Baffle; 25. Sleeve; 26. Nut; 27. Transfer device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] See also Figure 1 — Figure 7 As shown, a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution comprises the following steps:

[0035] Three parallel plots of 20 m × 20 m were randomly selected in the target forest area, with the interval between each plot greater than 100 m;

[0036] Arrange precipitation collection equipment on the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks of the standard sample forest to obtain precipitation distribution data on the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks, wherein the soil layer precipitation distribution data includes water content data of the 0-10 cm soil layer, the 10-20 cm soil layer and the 20-30 cm soil layer underground;

[0037] The precipitation collection device transmits the collected precipitation distribution data to a transfer station on the ground, and the transfer station stores the collected data or uploads it to the cloud.

[0038] From the above, we can see that in the target forest area, a specific area of ​​trees is selected as a standard sample forest, and then water monitoring equipment is deployed in the upper canopy, lower canopy, litter layer, soil layer and tree trunks of the standard sample forest, and stratified monitoring is carried out in the same period. The precipitation distribution data collected by the water monitoring equipment is then summarized and collected by the ground transfer station, and the precipitation distribution data is stored or uploaded to the cloud. By collecting the precipitation at different heights of the forest in real time through stratification, the limitations of traditional monitoring methods in complex terrain and dense vegetation are overcome, and forest precipitation distribution can be monitored in real time efficiently and accurately.

[0039] See also Figure 2 — Figure 7 As shown, the precipitation collection device uses a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution, including:

[0040] The tree precipitation collection part is arranged on the upper layer of the forest canopy, the lower layer of the forest canopy, the litter layer and the tree trunk, and the tree precipitation collection part includes a collection cup 1, a partition 2 fixedly installed in the middle of the collection cup 1 and a funnel 3 connected to the mouth of the collection cup 1, the top of the partition 2 is connected to a water level measuring instrument 4 for measuring the water level inside the collection cup 1, and the bottom of the partition 2 is provided with a battery 5 connected to the collection cup 1 for power supply and a control mainboard 6 for receiving and transmitting the measurement data of the water level measuring instrument 4;

[0041] A soil precipitation collection unit is inserted into the soil layer, and includes a moisture meter 22 and a measuring rod 23 fixedly mounted on the end of the moisture meter 22, and a graduated groove for indicating the insertion depth is engraved on the measuring rod 23;

[0042] The transferor 27 is arranged on the ground. The transferor 27 is respectively connected to the control main board 6 and the moisture meter 22 for communication. The transferor 27 is internally provided with a storage device for storing collected data and a wireless signal transmitter for transmitting the collected data to the cloud. The user can download the relevant collected data from the transferor 27 or view the collected data transferred by the transferor 27 through the cloud. The transferor 27 has a large-scale power storage component built in, which together with the battery 5 supplies power to the device. The battery 5 supplies power to the electronic components on the collection cup 1, and the large-scale power storage component supplies power to the transferor 27. Both the battery 5 and the large-scale power storage component can be lithium batteries.

[0043] As can be seen from the above, after the tree precipitation collection unit is set in the upper layer of the canopy, the lower layer of the canopy, the litter layer and the tree trunk, the precipitation falling into different layers will fall into the funnel 3 and then gather into the collection cup 1. The water level measuring instrument 4 can monitor the water level inside the collection cup 1 in real time to generate a corresponding water level signal, and transmit the water level signal to the control main board 6. Similarly, the soil precipitation collection unit is plugged into the soil at different depths. The operator can judge the depth of the measuring rod 23 inserted into the soil layer through the scale groove on the measuring rod 23. The moisture meter 22 measures the moisture content of the soil layer through the measuring rod 23. Finally, the relay 27 receives and stores the precipitation data collected by the control main board 6 and the moisture meter 22, or uploads these data to the cloud.

[0044] See also Figure 3 — Figure 4 As shown, the collection cup 1 is provided with a water outlet 13 located above the partition 2, and a blocking component for blocking the water outlet 13 is provided inside the interlayer between the collection cup 1 and the partition 2, and the blocking component includes:

[0045] The electromagnet 7 is fixedly mounted on the collection cup 1 and electrically connected to the control mainboard 6;

[0046] A telescopic rod 8, wherein the telescopic rod 8 is fixedly mounted on the electromagnet 7, and a spring 9 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 8;

[0047] The pull iron 10 is fixedly mounted on the end of the telescopic rod 8 and is fixedly connected to a pull rod 11 . One end of the pull rod 11 passes through the collection cup 1 and is fixedly connected to a blocking block 12 for blocking the water outlet 13 .

[0048] As can be seen from the above, since the funnel 3 blocks most of the mouth of the collection cup 1, the rainwater in the collection cup 1 cannot be lost quickly by volatilization, which will affect the collection of precipitation data in the next stage. It is necessary to discharge the rainwater in the collection cup 1 during the non-precipitation period. Therefore, a simple program can be set in the control motherboard 6. When the water level measuring instrument 4 detects that there is a water level inside the collection cup 1 and the water level does not change within the specified time, it is judged as a non-precipitation time. At this time, the control motherboard 6 can connect the power supply of the electromagnet 7, and the electromagnet 7 is energized to attract the pull iron 10 to move, and the pull iron 10 is pulled. The iron 10 moves and compresses the telescopic rod 8 and the spring 9. At the same time, pulling the iron 10 will also drive the pull rod 11 and the block 12 to move. After the block 12 is separated from the water outlet 13, the accumulated water inside the collection cup 1 will flow out from the water outlet 13, so as to drain the water inside the collection cup 1. When the water level measuring instrument 4 detects that there is no water level inside the collection cup 1, the control main board 6 disconnects the power supply of the electromagnet 7, and the compressed spring 9 is reset to drive the telescopic rod 8 to extend and the pulling iron 10 to reset. The pulling iron 10 drives the pull rod 11 and the block 12 to move and reset, and the block 12 blocks the water outlet 13 again.

[0049] See also Figure 1 — Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the collection cup 1 is provided with a horizontal fixed connection component for clamping branches, and the horizontal fixed connection component includes:

[0050] A horizontal adjustment part, the horizontal adjustment part comprises three ball grooves 14 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the collection cup 1, a ball head rod 15 movably connected inside the ball groove 14, and an adjustment cylinder 16 threadedly sleeved on the end of the ball head rod 15, and a mounting plate 17 is fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment cylinder 16;

[0051] The fixed connection part includes a pad 18 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate 17 and arranged in an arc shape. The bottom of the mounting plate 17 is hinged with two clamping plates 19 arranged relatively to each other. The ends of the clamping plates 19 are hinged with connecting plates 20, and bolts 21 are bridged between the two connecting plates 20.

[0052] As can be seen from the above, the collecting cup 1 needs to be set on the branches of the top and lower layers of the tree to collect precipitation in the upper and lower layers of the canopy. In order to prevent rainwater on the hanging rope from falling into the funnel 3 and affecting the amount of precipitation collected inside the collecting cup 1, the collecting cup 1 can be installed on the branch through a fixed connection. During installation, the operator can place the pad 18 on the upper part of the branch so that the two clamping plates 19 are clamped on both sides of the branch respectively, and the bolt 21 is turned to bridge the two connecting plates 20. As the two connecting plates 20 approach each other, the two clamping plates 19 will gradually clamp on the branch. At this time, the mounting plate 17 will be stable on the branch, but some branches are tilted. In order to prevent the tilted branches from affecting the measurement accuracy, the adjusting tube 16 can be rotated to drive the ball head rod 15 to slide up and down, and rotation will occur between the sliding ball head rod 15 and the ball groove 14. The positions of the three ball head rods 15 are adjusted as needed until the collecting cup 1 is adjusted to a horizontal position.

[0053] See also Figure 6 As shown, the measuring rod 23 is provided with a baffle 24 and a sleeve 25 fixedly mounted on the baffle 24. The open end portion of the sleeve 25 is forked outward to form an inclined section, and the sleeve 25 is threadedly connected with a nut 26 for forcing the inclined section to return to the correct position and clamp the measuring rod 23. Although there are scale grooves on the measuring rod 23, the user can insert the measuring rod 23 into the soil layer according to the scale grooves. However, as the soil absorbs water and becomes soft, the insertion depth of the measuring rod 23 will change. To avoid the change in the insertion depth of the measuring rod 23, the baffle 24 can be slid to a suitable position on the measuring rod 23, and then the nut 26 can be rotated to resist the inclined section, so that the inclined section of the sleeve 25 tightly clamps the measuring rod 23. At this time, the baffle 24 will not slide on the measuring rod 23. Since the baffle 24 has a large area, it can be stably supported on the soil surface and will not cause the measuring rod 23 to move, thereby keeping the insertion depth of the measuring rod 23 stable.

[0054] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. "Multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0058] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0059] In the drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are involved, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution, characterized in that the steps include: Three parallel plots were randomly selected in the target forest area, with the interval between each plot greater than 100 m; Deploy precipitation collection equipment in the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks of the standard sample forest to obtain precipitation distribution data in the upper layer of trees, the lower layer of trees, the upper layer of shrubs, the lower layer of shrubs, the litter layer, the soil layer and the trunks; The precipitation collection device transmits the collected precipitation distribution data to a transfer station on the ground, and the transfer station stores the collected data or uploads it to the cloud.

2. A method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layer precipitation distribution data includes water content data of the 0-10 cm underground soil layer, the 10-20 cm underground soil layer and the 20-30 cm underground soil layer.

3. A precipitation collection device, using a method for real-time monitoring of forest precipitation distribution as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: include: A tree precipitation collection unit is arranged on the upper layer of the forest canopy, the lower layer of the forest canopy, the litter layer and the tree trunk, the tree precipitation collection unit comprises a collection cup (1), a partition (2) fixedly installed in the middle of the collection cup (1) and a funnel (3) connected to the mouth of the collection cup (1), the top of the partition (2) is connected to a water level measuring instrument (4) for measuring the water level inside the collection cup (1), and the bottom of the partition (2) is provided with a storage battery (5) connected to the collection cup (1) for power supply and a control mainboard (6) for receiving and transmitting measurement data of the water level measuring instrument (4); A soil precipitation collection unit is inserted into the soil layer, the soil precipitation collection unit comprising a moisture meter (22) and a measuring rod (23) fixedly mounted on the end of the moisture meter (22), the measuring rod (23) being engraved with a scale groove for indicating the insertion depth; The transfer device (27) is arranged on the ground, and the transfer device (27) is respectively connected to the control main board (6) and the moisture meter (22) for communication, and a storage device for storing collected data and a wireless signal transmitter for transmitting the collected data to the cloud are arranged inside the transfer device (27).

4. The precipitation collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collection cup (1) is provided with a water outlet (13) located above the partition (2), and a blocking component for blocking the water outlet (13) is provided inside the interlayer between the collection cup (1) and the partition (2), and the blocking component comprises: An electromagnet (7), wherein the electromagnet (7) is fixedly mounted on the collection cup (1) and is electrically connected to the control main board (6); A telescopic rod (8), wherein the telescopic rod (8) is fixedly mounted on the electromagnet (7), and a spring (9) is sleeved on the telescopic rod (8); A pull iron (10), wherein the pull iron (10) is fixedly mounted on the end of the telescopic rod (8), and a pull rod (11) is fixedly connected to the pull iron (10), one end of the pull rod (11) passes through the collection cup (1) and is fixedly connected to a blocking block (12) for blocking the water outlet (13).

5. The precipitation collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the collecting cup (1) is provided with a horizontal fixed connection component for clamping branches, and the horizontal fixed connection component comprises: A horizontal adjustment part, the horizontal adjustment part comprising three ball grooves (14) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the collection cup (1), a ball head rod (15) movably connected inside the ball groove (14), and an adjustment cylinder (16) threadedly sleeved on the end of the ball head rod (15), and a mounting plate (17) fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment cylinder (16); A fixed connection part, the fixed connection part comprises a backing plate (18) fixedly mounted on the bottom of a mounting plate (17) and arranged in an arc shape, the bottom of the mounting plate (17) is hinged with two clamping plates (19) arranged opposite to each other, the ends of the clamping plates (19) are hinged with connecting plates (20), and bolts (21) are straddled between the two connecting plates (20).

6. The precipitation collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The measuring rod (23) is sleeved with a baffle (24) and a sleeve (25) fixedly mounted on the baffle (24); the opening end portion of the sleeve (25) is forked outward to form an inclined section, and a nut (26) is threadedly connected to the sleeve (25) for forcing the inclined section to return to the correct position and clamp the measuring rod (23).

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