Method and device for determining a tunnel layout by a tunnel boring machine and a drill and blast combined method

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel boring machine and a method and device for determining tunnel arrangement by means of drill-and-blast combined method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering.The method comprises the following steps: obtaining diameter information of a tunnel; obtaining position information of a concrete transport vehicle, an air pipe and a belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel; obtaining initial parameters of a particle swarm algorithm; and obtaining a particle with optimal fitness by means of the particle swarm algorithm based on the initial parameters, so that a corresponding tunnel cross-section diameter and internal equipment arrangement scheme are the optimal solution to be obtained.Through implementation of the method, the equipment arrangement scheme in the tunnel can be quickly and accurately determined, the spatial relationship between the equipment is reasonable, the operation efficiency is high, and the requirements of safe operation distance are met.Meanwhile, the diameter of the TBM tunnel is reduced after optimization, and a large amount of construction cost can be saved.This has important guiding significance for equipment arrangement and operation arrangement in tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a method and device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combined method. Background Art

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large-scale tunnel excavation equipment that integrates mechanical, electronic, hydraulic, and laser control technologies. It can simultaneously carry out construction processes such as excavation, support, and slag removal in parallel and continuously. It has the advantages of fast excavation speed, environmental protection, and high overall benefits. It can realize the construction of deep-buried long tunnels in complex geographical terrain that are difficult to achieve with traditional drilling and blasting methods.

[0003] During the support process, concrete trucks are typically used to deliver concrete and implement other concrete support measures. Due to the large excavation section, high slag volume, long excavation distance, and high excavation speed of the TBM equipment, a belt conveyor is typically required for continuous slag removal. Furthermore, air ducts are also required during construction to provide ventilation.

[0004] However, in tunnel engineering, the shape and size of the tunnel cross section significantly impacts tunnel stability, construction difficulty, and project cost. Therefore, optimizing the placement of the aforementioned concrete trucks, conveyors, and air ducts within the tunnel while achieving the minimum circular diameter is a crucial issue in tunnel design and construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the existing technical issues of achieving optimal layout, properly placing the concrete trucks, conveyors, and air ducts within the tunnel while achieving the minimum circle diameter, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In one aspect, a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Get the diameter information of the tunnel;

[0008] Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor is obtained;

[0009] Get the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm;

[0010] Based on the initial parameters, the particle swarm algorithm is used to obtain particles with the best fitness, and the corresponding tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout plan are the optimal solutions sought.

[0011] Optionally, obtaining the diameter information of the tunnel includes:

[0012] Obtaining the quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicles;

[0013] The number and size information of the concrete transport vehicles are substituted into the objective function to obtain the diameter of the tunnel.

[0014] Optionally, obtaining the position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel includes:

[0015] Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, obtaining coordinate information of the tunnel in a coordinate system;

[0016] Based on the coordinate information of the tunnel, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor is acquired.

[0017] Optionally, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor includes: quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, and spacing information between any two of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor.

[0018] Optionally, the acquiring the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor based on the coordinate information of the tunnel, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor includes:

[0019] Based on the tunnel diameter, determine the coordinate information of the air duct;

[0020] Select the installation type of the belt conveyor and determine the coordinate information of the belt conveyor according to the installation type and corresponding installation conditions;

[0021] Based on the tunnel diameter, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle is determined through a polar coordinate system.

[0022] Optionally, after obtaining the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, the method further includes: determining whether the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor are within the outline of the tunnel.

[0023] Optionally, after obtaining the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor, the method further includes:

[0024] Determining whether the positions of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the conveyor belt are within the tunnel outline and meet the safe working distance;

[0025] For solutions that do not meet the conditions, a penalty function is used to screen them.

[0026] Optionally, the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm include: the number of populations and a preset termination condition.

[0027] Optionally, the adopting the particle swarm algorithm to obtain particles with optimal fitness based on the initial parameters includes:

[0028] Initialize the particle swarm, where each particle represents a possible tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout scheme;

[0029] Evaluating the fitness of each particle according to the objective function, wherein the objective function represents the relationship between the tunnel cross-section diameter and the space requirements of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor;

[0030] Continuously update individual extreme values ​​and the global optimal solution, and continuously update the particle speed and position according to the particle fitness and the preset particle swarm algorithm rules until the preset termination conditions are met.

[0031] In another aspect, a device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method is provided. The device is applied to a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method. The device comprises:

[0032] A data acquisition module is used to obtain the diameter information of the tunnel;

[0033] The data acquisition module is further used to obtain the position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel;

[0034] Parameter setting module, used to obtain the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm;

[0035] The calculation module is used to obtain particles with the best fitness based on the initial parameters using the particle swarm algorithm, and the corresponding tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout plan are the optimal solutions sought.

[0036] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0037] By implementing this method, equipment layout within the tunnel can be quickly and accurately determined, ensuring a rational spatial relationship between equipment, high operational efficiency, and meeting safe working distance requirements. Furthermore, the optimized reduction in TBM tunnel diameter can significantly save construction costs, providing important guidance for equipment layout and work scheduling during tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a tunnel and its layout provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel cross section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel cross section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel cross section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a tunnel cross section provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11 This is a diagram of a program interface optimized using MATLAB provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 12 This is a side view of the optimization process of the belt conveyor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 13 This is a diagram of the optimization process of the upper portion of the belt conveyor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 14 The present invention provides a block diagram of a tunnel boring machine and a device for determining tunnel layout using a drill-and-blast method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "and / or" can mean both or either of the two.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction is not emphasized, the meanings they convey are the same. The terms "of," "corresponding," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, when the distinction is not emphasized, the meanings they convey are the same.

[0056] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be mistakenly written as a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meanings to be expressed are the same.

[0057] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0058] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method. Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method, the method comprising:

[0059] 110. Obtain the diameter information of the tunnel.

[0060] In this step, the problem can be abstracted into a planar problem. Within the tunnel cross-section plane, the tunnel's cross-sectional profile is simplified to a circle. Based on the tunnel's layout, the tunnel's diameter is constrained to determine a sufficiently large circumscribed circle to ensure that all equipment can be properly arranged within it. The tunnel's diameter determines the size of this circumscribed circle, ensuring that all equipment within it neither collides with each other nor exceeds the tunnel's boundaries.

[0061] For example, the diameter range can be obtained according to the size of equipment to be arranged in the tunnel.

[0062] In this embodiment, taking the case where two concrete transport trucks, one to three air ducts, and one conveyor belt need to be arranged in a tunnel, the concrete transport trucks can be simplified into a rectangle, the air ducts into a circle, and the conveyor belt can be simplified into an inverted trapezoid if installed on the top of the tunnel or into a right triangle if installed on the side of the tunnel. Furthermore, the tunnel can be simplified into a circumscribed great circle containing the above shapes. Figure 2 .

[0063] Furthermore, the air duct is used for air supply. In this embodiment, the belt conveyor can be installed on the top wall or the inner wall of the tunnel as needed, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0064] For details, see Figure 3 , the step 110 includes:

[0065] 111. Obtain the quantity and size information of the concrete transport trucks.

[0066] In the tunnel cross-section plane, the concrete transport vehicle can be simplified into a rectangle, the number of the concrete transport vehicles can be 2, and the size information can include: vehicle width and height.

[0067] 112. Substitute the quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicles into the objective function to obtain the diameter of the tunnel.

[0068] This problem is a plane problem. The distance described is the Euclidean distance between two points a(x1,y1) and b(x2,y2) on a two-dimensional plane, that is:

[0069]

[0070] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the objective function may be the minimum value of f(x):

[0071] f(x)=2×para_car_size+gbest×3×para_car_size

[0072] Among them, para_car_size is the larger value of the concrete transport vehicle height and vehicle width parameters, that is, para_car_size=max(H vehicle height, B vehicle width);

[0073] gbest is the best position of one iteration in the particle swarm, gbest∈[0,1].

[0074] For example, if a concrete truck is 3 meters high and 2.5 meters wide, the smaller of the height and width is used as a reference, i.e., min(H height, B width) = 2.5 meters, and max(H height, B width) = 3 meters.

[0075] Specifically, substituting para_car_size=2.5 and gbest=0 into f(x), we get f(x)=5;

[0076] Substituting para_car_size=3 and gbest=1 into f(x), we get f(x)=15;

[0077] According to the requirements of the decision variables, the diameter of the circumscribed circle It should be 2 times the smaller value of the concrete truck height and width, and 5 times the larger value. The value range is 5m to 15m.

[0078] 120. Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, obtain location information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor.

[0079] In this step, the positions of the concrete transport vehicle, air duct, and conveyor belt can be obtained according to the tunnel diameter and other constraints.

[0080] For details, see Figure 4 , the step 120 includes:

[0081] 121. Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, obtain coordinate information of the tunnel in a coordinate system.

[0082] See Figure 5 In the coordinate system, the center point of the tunnel can be set as the origin. The diameter of the tunnel can reflect the contour range of the tunnel. With the origin as the center of the circle, the coordinate information of the circle can be obtained based on the above diameter information.

[0083] For example, with the origin (0,0) as the center, determine the diameter of the circumscribed circle It should be twice the smaller value of the concrete transport truck's height and width, and five times the larger value. The larger value of the vehicle height and vehicle width parameters is max (H vehicle height, B vehicle width), where the concrete transport truck is 3m high and 2.5m wide.

[0084] 122. Based on the coordinate information of the tunnel and the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor, obtain the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor.

[0085] The installation information is derived from the installation space required for the concrete transport truck, air duct, and belt conveyor.

[0086] Concrete trucks typically require a certain amount of space for entry, exit, and operation. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that they have sufficient space within the tunnel, while also considering the spacing requirements between them and equipment such as air ducts and conveyor belts. Since the concrete trucks are located on the ground, they are usually placed in the lower part of the circle, while the air ducts and conveyor belts can be placed in the upper part of the circle, above the concrete trucks.

[0087] Furthermore, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor includes: quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, and spacing information between any two of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor.

[0088] Specifically, the size and number of concrete trucks can determine their placement within the tunnel. The number and size of air ducts also determine their placement within the tunnel. Air ducts are used to transport fresh air and are typically fixed to the top or side walls of the tunnel. In this embodiment, three air ducts are evenly spaced across the tunnel roof to ensure that fresh air is evenly distributed throughout the tunnel. Sufficient spacing must also be ensured between the air ducts and other equipment, such as concrete trucks and conveyor belts, to avoid interference.

[0089] Belt conveyors are important equipment for transporting materials and usually need to be customized according to the shape and size of the tunnel. Therefore, you can first select the installation type of the belt conveyor and then determine the location of the belt conveyor based on the above known conditions.

[0090] For details, see Figure 9 , the step 122 specifically includes:

[0091] 1221. Based on the tunnel diameter, determine the coordinate information of the air duct.

[0092] See Figure 6 The position of the duct center can be determined by the angle and distance of the line connecting the duct center to the center point. The distance range is [0, ], where the diameter of 1# duct is D=1.8m, the diameter of 2# duct is D=1.8m, and the diameter of 3# duct is D=2m. The angle range with the positive direction of x-axis is [0°~180°]. .

[0093] In addition, the distance between air ducts can be set, for example, the distance between air ducts is ≥5cm.

[0094] 1222. Select the installation type of the belt conveyor, and determine the coordinate information of the belt conveyor based on the installation type and corresponding installation conditions.

[0095] See Figure 7 Next, you can select the belt conveyor installation type. In this example, if the belt conveyor is installed at the top of the tunnel, an inverted trapezoidal layout is used; if the belt conveyor is installed on the side of the tunnel, a right-angled triangle layout is used. Furthermore, the specific installation position needs to be determined based on the belt conveyor's size and angle requirements. This ensures that the belt conveyor can transport materials smoothly while avoiding collisions with other equipment.

[0096] For example, using a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) for tunnel excavation uses a single belt conveyor for mucking. Two possible arrangements are available: ① The belt conveyor is located at the top, forming an inverted trapezoid: with a base width of 1.2m and two side gussets angled 8° from the vertical. For inverted trapezoids that meet these requirements, the inner portion of the circle is retained, while the outer portion is sheared off. ② The belt conveyor is located to the side, forming a right triangle with a 1.2m horizontal leg and a 30° angle between the horizontal leg and the hypotenuse. The inner portion of the circle is retained.

[0097] Based on the above known conditions, determine the location of the conveyor belt. For example, the distance between the air duct and the conveyor belt should be ≥ 10 cm. If the conveyor belt is located at the top of the tunnel, the vertical distance from the center of the bottom edge to the tunnel edge should be ≥ 1.2 m. If the conveyor belt is located on the side of the tunnel, the vertical distance from the center of the horizontal right-angled edge to the circular edge (tunnel) should be ≥ 1.2 m, and the distance from the horizontal right-angled edge to the circular edge (tunnel) should be ≥ 10 cm. Furthermore, the horizontal distance from each concrete truck to the circular edge (tunnel) should be ≥ 20 cm, and the distance between the concrete truck and the air duct and conveyor belt should be ≥ 20 cm.

[0098] If the belt conveyor adopts the top layout of form ①, the main focus is on determining the position of the center of the bottom edge (lower horizontal edge) of the belt conveyor. First, use the two parameters of the polar coordinate system, angle and distance, to determine: the angle is between 0 and 180 degrees, constraining the belt conveyor to the upper semicircle; the distance is between 0 and The side layout of form ② is determined by the two parameters of angle and distance in the polar coordinate system: the angle is between 0 and 360 degrees; the distance is between 0 and The coordinates expressed in the polar coordinate system can also be converted into coordinates in the rectangular coordinate system through the coordinate system conversion method.

[0099] 1223. Based on the tunnel diameter, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor, determine the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle through a polar coordinate system.

[0100] See Figure 8 In this example, two concrete trucks are positioned on the ground or on the invert on either side of the tunnel, ensuring ample clearance between them for operation and preventing collisions with other equipment. For example, the concrete trucks are 3 meters tall and 2.5 meters wide. The two trucks are positioned on the same level, with a horizontal spacing of ≥100 cm.

[0101] The height line can be constructed using the bottom edge of the concrete truck as a reference. First, determine the location of the concrete truck height line. Given the tunnel diameter, remove points that do not meet the horizontal distance requirements and determine the vertical coordinate range of the height line. The horizontal distance is two concrete trucks + the safety distance of two concrete transport workshops. Select any one of these height lines that meets the requirements to determine the position of the horizontal line within the circumcircle.

[0102] At this point, the range of possible locations for the left point on the horizontal line below the left concrete truck is (0 - horizontal line length - 2 concrete truck widths - horizontal distance between concrete trucks). The range of possible locations for the right point on the horizontal line below the right concrete truck is (right point on the horizontal line below the left concrete truck + safety distance + concrete truck width - right boundary). Of course, this constraint needs to be combined with the other conditions mentioned above to determine the intersection.

[0103] Through the above steps, the location information of concrete trucks, air ducts, and conveyor belts can be obtained based on the tunnel diameter information, as well as the aforementioned quantity, size, and spacing information. Of course, in actual operation, more factors must be considered, such as equipment performance requirements and safety regulations, to ensure the smooth progress of the entire tunnel construction process.

[0104] For further information, please see Figure 4 and Figure 8 , after the above step 122, further comprising:

[0105] 123. Determine whether the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the conveyor belt are within the outline of the tunnel.

[0106] After analyzing the above scenarios, the specific boundaries of each geometric object were determined. The solutions for the air duct and belt conveyor were directly within the tunnel circle. However, the concrete truck, due to its upper horizontal and vertical edges, required boundary determination within the tunnel circle.

[0107] 124. Determine whether the positions of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the conveyor belt are within the outline of the tunnel and meet the safe working distance.

[0108] The boundaries of each geometric body are uniformly discretized to obtain a batch of discrete points, and the minimum distance between each two discrete points of the object is solved to determine whether the geometric object meets the spacing restriction.

[0109] Concrete trucks, air ducts, conveyor belts, and tunnel outlines all belong to set A, which means:

[0110] Set A = {Duct 1, Duct 2, Duct 3, Conveyor Belt, Concrete Truck 1, Concrete Truck 2, Circumscribed Great Circle}

[0111] Choose any two objects α and β from the set A, α∈A, β∈A, and α≠β;

[0112] The distance between the two discrete points of the object α and β mentioned above, that is, the distance between two points on the two-dimensional plane and The distance is

[0113] when

[0114] , does not meet the requirements.

[0115] in, is the minimum distance limit between two graphics; i and j are discrete point numbers i∈(1,n) and j∈(1,n), n≥5000.

[0116] 125. For solutions that do not meet the conditions, a penalty function is used to screen them.

[0117] Those that do not meet the conditions are screened out using a penalty function, which is in the form of: ×100000000, where Indicates insufficient spacing or distance outside the circumscribed circle.

[0118] 130. Get the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm.

[0119] In this embodiment, the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm can be set according to the accuracy required.

[0120] The initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm include the number of populations and a preset termination condition. The preset termination condition can be a preset number of iterations or a preset fitness threshold. For example, the number of populations can be set to 50, and the preset termination condition can be when the number of iterations reaches 200 or when the fitness value reaches a preset threshold.

[0121] 140. Based on the initial parameters, use the particle swarm algorithm to obtain particles with optimal fitness.

[0122] Among them, the tunnel cross-sectional diameter and internal equipment layout corresponding to the particle with the best fitness are the optimal solutions.

[0123] See Figure 10 , the step 140 includes:

[0124] 141. Initialize the particle swarm, each particle represents a possible tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout scheme.

[0125] When initializing the particle swarm, the diameter of the circumscribed circle As one of the decision variables, its value range is set between 5m and 15m. Through the iterative optimization of the particle swarm algorithm, the optimal solution to minimize the objective function f(x) will be found. value.

[0126] Specifically, this embodiment may include five decision variables, which are the size, properties or coordinate points of each shape: the tunnel outline, i.e., the radius of the circumscribed circle, the centers of the three air ducts, the belt conveyor mounting type, the belt conveyor center and the two concrete transport trucks, as well as some influencing factors related to the decision variables.

[0127] Specifically, in the n=5-dimensional space, this problem is relatively complex, the initial population size m=200, and the maximum number of spatial iterations is 200.

[0128] ① Each individual has two attributes: one is the location of the individual, and the other is the speed of the individual.

[0129] N i =[X i ;V i ],

[0130] Write the position and velocity as the following vector expressions

[0131] X i =[x i1 ,x i2 ,x i3 ......x in ] (n=5)

[0132] V i =[v i1 ,v i2 ,v i3 ......v in ] (n=5)

[0133] ② Consider m=200 individuals as a whole particle swarm

[0134] P=[N1,N2,N3......N m ] (m=200)

[0135] ③The best position pbesti that the i-th particle passes through, i=1,2,…,m (m=200)

[0136] ④The best position passed by the entire particle swarm: gbest

[0137] ⑤Add restriction X to the position of all particles limit ∈(X min ,X max ), X limit ∈(0,1)

[0138] ⑥ Add a limit to the speed of all particles: V limit ∈[V min ,V max ],

[0139] V max =0.2×(X max -X min );V min =-1×X max .

[0140] 142. Evaluate the fitness of each particle according to the objective function.

[0141] The objective function represents the relationship between the tunnel cross-section diameter and the space requirements of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor.

[0142] Bringing in the current position of the i-th particle can get the current fitness of the particle

[0143] f(x)=para_car_size×2+gbest×3×para_car_size

[0144] Among them, para_car_size is the larger value of the concrete transport vehicle height and vehicle width parameters, that is, para_car_size=max(H vehicle height, B vehicle width);

[0145] gbest is the best position of one iteration in the particle swarm.

[0146] 143. Continuously update individual extreme values ​​and the global optimal solution, and continuously update the particle speed and position according to the particle fitness and the preset particle swarm algorithm rules until the preset termination condition is met.

[0147] 1431. Update the individual best fitness fpbest(x i) and the optimal fitness of the group as a whole fgbest.

[0148] Then according to fpbest(x i ) Update the best position of the particle pbesti,i = 1,2,…,m (m=200). Then find the best position gbest in the group, that is, the global best position of this iteration, where gbest∈[0,1].

[0149] 1432. Update the velocity and position of each particle.

[0150] v i =v i ×w+ C1×rand()×(pbest i −x i )+ C2×rand()×(gbest−x i )

[0151] x i =x i +v i

[0152] Where rand() is a random parameter between 0 and 1

[0153] w is the inertia weight, w=0.8;

[0154] C1 is the individual weight, in this embodiment, C1 = 0.5;

[0155] C2 is the group weight, and in this embodiment, C2=0.5.

[0156] After 200 calculation cycles, the optimal historical position of the population is finally taken as the optimal solution zbest, which is the minimum circle diameter of the tunnel section.

[0157] The above calculation process can be optimized using MATLAB software. Figure 11 This is a diagram of the program interface for optimization using MATLAB provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 , Figure 11 It shows that as the various input conditions change, the tunnel diameter, the positions of the concrete truck, the air duct, and the conveyor belt will also change. For the detailed optimization process, please refer to Figures 12 to 13 . Figure 12 and Figure 13 The optimization process diagrams of the belt conveyor on the side and the belt conveyor on the top are shown respectively, where the pictures represent the results of iterations 1, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 200 times in sequence.

[0158] Tunnel layout is carried out based on the tunnel section diameter and equipment location information in the optimal solution.

[0159] In this method, a particle swarm algorithm (PSO) is used to search based on initial parameters. Each particle represents a possible tunnel cross-sectional diameter and internal equipment layout. The fitness of each particle is evaluated based on an objective function that takes into account factors such as tunnel cross-sectional diameter, equipment space requirements, and operational efficiency. Individual extreme values ​​and the global optimal solution are then continuously updated, and the particle's velocity and position are updated based on its fitness and the preset PSO rules. When a preset termination condition is met, the algorithm stops iterating and outputs the particle with the best fitness, which is the desired optimal solution.

[0160] By implementing this method, equipment layout within the tunnel can be quickly and accurately determined, ensuring a rational spatial relationship between equipment, high operational efficiency, and meeting safe working distance requirements. Furthermore, the optimized reduction in TBM tunnel diameter can significantly save construction costs, providing important guidance for equipment layout and work scheduling during tunnel construction.

[0161] This embodiment further provides a device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method. The device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method is similar to any of the above methods for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method. Figure 14 This is a block diagram of a device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The device is used in a method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast combination method. Figure 14 The device includes a data acquisition module 1410, a parameter setting module 1420, and a calculation module 1430.

[0162] The data acquisition module 1410 is used to obtain the diameter information of the tunnel.

[0163] The data acquisition module 1410 is further configured to acquire the position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel.

[0164] The parameter setting module 1420 is used to obtain the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm.

[0165] The calculation module 1430 is used to obtain the particle with the best fitness based on the initial parameters using the particle swarm algorithm. The corresponding tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout plan are the optimal solutions sought.

[0166] By implementing this device, equipment layout plans within tunnels can be quickly and accurately determined, ensuring a rational spatial relationship between equipment, high operational efficiency, and meeting safe working distance requirements. Furthermore, the optimized reduction in TBM tunnel diameter can save significant construction costs, providing important guidance for equipment layout and work scheduling during tunnel construction.

[0167] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0168] In this disclosure, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0169] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0170] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Get the diameter information of the tunnel; Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, the position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor is obtained, wherein the number of the air ducts is an odd number, and the installation type of the belt conveyor is dynamically selected according to the tunnel cross-sectional space to form an inverted trapezoidal top or a right-angled triangle on the side wall; Uniformly discretize the boundaries of the concrete truck, air duct, conveyor belt, and tunnel outline to obtain a batch of discrete points. Calculate the minimum distance between each two discrete points to determine whether the geometric objects meet the spacing constraints. Set A = {duct 1, duct 2, duct 3, conveyor belt, concrete truck 1, concrete truck 2, circumscribed large circle} Choose any two objects α and β from the set A, α∈A, β∈A, and α≠β; The distance between the two discrete points of the object α and β mentioned above, that is, the distance between two points (x αi ,y αi ) and (x βj ,y βj ) is when When the requirements are not met; Among them, d 间隔最小值 is the minimum distance limit between two graphics; i, j are discrete point numbers i∈(1,n), j∈(1,n), n≥5000; For solutions that do not meet the conditions, a penalty function is used to screen them; Obtaining initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm, wherein the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm include: the number of populations and a preset termination condition; Based on the initial parameters, the particle swarm is initialized, each particle represents a possible tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout scheme, and the circumscribed circle diameter D 隧 As one of the decision variables, its value range is dynamically updated through each iteration of the particle swarm algorithm, and during the iteration process, it is coupled in real time with the spatial constraints of the concrete transport vehicle, air duct, and belt conveyor; The installation type of the belt conveyor is embedded into the iterative process of the particle swarm algorithm as an independent decision variable. The algorithm automatically adapts the top inverted trapezoidal or side wall right triangle layout according to the tunnel cross-sectional space in each iteration. When determining the location of the conveyor belt, for different installation types, the distance requirements from the tunnel boundary are set, and the location conditions of other equipment are combined to determine the final location by taking the intersection; Evaluate the fitness of each particle based on an objective function that represents the coupling relationship between the tunnel cross-section diameter and the space requirements for concrete trucks, air ducts, and conveyor belts. Continuously update individual extreme values ​​and the global optimal solution, and continuously update the particle speed and position according to the particle fitness and the preset particle swarm algorithm rules until the preset termination condition is met, and obtain the particle with the best fitness. The corresponding tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout plan are the desired optimal solution.

2. The method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method according to claim 1, wherein: The obtaining of the tunnel diameter information includes: Obtaining the quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicles; The number and size information of the concrete transport vehicles are substituted into the objective function to obtain the diameter of the tunnel.

3. The method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method according to claim 1, wherein: The obtaining of position information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel includes: Based on the diameter information of the tunnel, obtaining coordinate information of the tunnel in a coordinate system; Based on the coordinate information of the tunnel, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor is acquired.

4. The method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method according to claim 3, wherein: The installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor includes: quantity and size information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, and spacing information between any two of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor.

5. The method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method according to claim 3, wherein: The acquiring of the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor based on the coordinate information of the tunnel, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor includes: Based on the tunnel diameter, determine the coordinate information of the air duct; Select the installation type of the belt conveyor and determine the coordinate information of the belt conveyor according to the installation type and corresponding installation conditions; Based on the tunnel diameter, the installation information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct and the belt conveyor, the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle is determined through a polar coordinate system.

6. The method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method according to claim 5, wherein: After obtaining the coordinate information of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor, the method further includes: determining whether the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor are within the outline of the tunnel.

7. A device for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method, wherein the device is used to implement the method for determining tunnel layout using a tunnel boring machine and a drill-and-blast method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized in that: The device comprises: A data acquisition module is used to obtain the diameter information of the tunnel; The data acquisition module is further configured to acquire position information of a concrete transport vehicle, an air duct, and a belt conveyor based on the diameter information of the tunnel, wherein the installation type of the belt conveyor is dynamically selected to be an inverted trapezoidal top arrangement or a right-angled triangle arrangement on the sidewall according to the tunnel cross-sectional space; A parameter setting module is used to obtain the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm, wherein the initial parameters of the particle swarm algorithm include: the number of populations and a preset termination condition; The calculation module is used to initialize the particle group based on the initial parameters, each particle represents a possible tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout scheme, and the circumscribed circle diameter D 隧 As one of the decision variables, and adopts a preset value range; Evaluating the fitness of each particle according to the objective function, wherein the objective function represents the relationship between the tunnel cross-section diameter and the space requirements of the concrete transport vehicle, the air duct, and the belt conveyor; Continuously update individual extreme values ​​and the global optimal solution, and continuously update the particle speed and position according to the particle fitness and the preset particle swarm algorithm rules until the preset termination condition is met, and obtain the particle with the best fitness. The corresponding tunnel section diameter and internal equipment layout plan are the desired optimal solution.

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