Primary loop water injection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a primary loop water injection method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of nuclear control. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an original enthalpy value and a residual enthalpy value of a reactor core; acquiring water injection success critical time and water injection failure critical time corresponding to a loop of the reactor core; determining the water injection success critical total flow of the primary loop according to the water injection success critical time, the original enthalpy value, the residual enthalpy value and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; according to the water injection unsuccessful critical time, the original enthalpy value, the residual enthalpy value and the energy conservation principle of the primary loop, the water injection unsuccessful critical total flow of the primary loop is determined; and controlling the water injection total flow of the primary loop according to the water injection success critical total flow and the water injection failure critical total flow. The embodiment of the invention can improve the water injection efficiency of the primary loop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear control technology, and in particular to a primary-loop water injection method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] After an accident at a nuclear power plant, the core temperature will gradually rise due to the inability to continuously remove the core decay heat, leading to a core melt accident. Primary water injection can effectively remove the heat from the core, thereby preventing the nuclear accident from further deteriorating and protecting people's lives and property. Therefore, in the severe accident management procedure, in order to prevent core melt, it is necessary to formulate a plan to ensure the implementation of primary water injection to ensure the integrity of the core.

[0003] At present, in the research and analysis of severe accident management strategies in nuclear power plants, the phenomena of beyond-design basis accidents such as power outage of the whole plant superimposed on small breach water loss are often complicated, with many influencing factors. There will be great uncertainty when implementing primary circuit water injection, and it is often necessary to perform calculations and analysis through severe accident mechanism programs. However, the calculation process through severe accident mechanism programs is complicated and time-consuming, and has limitations. Therefore, a universal and efficient primary circuit water injection method is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to propose a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for injecting water into a single circuit, aiming to improve the efficiency of injecting water into a single circuit.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application proposes a primary circuit water injection method, the method comprising:

[0006] The original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core are obtained; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of the storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature;

[0007] Obtaining a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core;

[0008] Determine the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and determine the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop;

[0009] The total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is controlled according to the critical total flow rate for successful water injection and the critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the reactor core according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and the step of determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the primary loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the primary loop comprises:

[0011] According to the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the energy conservation calculation formula of the reactor core is determined; the energy conservation calculation formula is:

[0012] E in -E out =E fill -(E store +E ox +E decay )

[0013] Among them, E in is the injection enthalpy of the reactor core, E out is the outflow enthalpy of the reactor core, E fill is the residual enthalpy, E store +E ox +E decay is the original enthalpy value;

[0014] Using an equivalent water injection method, determining an injection enthalpy calculation formula and an outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core; the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula both include the water injection time of the primary circuit and the total water injection flow of the primary circuit;

[0015] Determine the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula;

[0016] Substituting the critical time for successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula to obtain the critical total water injection flow for successful water injection of the reactor core;

[0017] Substituting the unsuccessful water injection critical time, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula, the unsuccessful water injection critical total flow of the reactor core is obtained.

[0018] In some embodiments, the step of determining the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core by using an equivalent water injection method comprises:

[0019] Obtaining the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy and equivalent water injection density of the primary loop, as well as the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy in a saturated state when the reactor core is flooded, wherein the saturated state is a state corresponding to the saturation temperature;

[0020] According to the equivalent water injection density and the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is:

[0021] E in =Q v,in ρ in,eq H in,eq t inj

[0022] According to the equivalent water injection density, the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is:

[0023] E out =Q m,out H g t inj

[0024] in, Q v,in is the total flow rate of water injection in the primary circuit, ρ in,eq is the equivalent water injection density of the primary circuit, m fill is the coolant charge when the reactor core is flooded, t inj is the water injection time of the primary circuit, Q m,out is the mass flow rate out of the reactor core; is the specific enthalpy of steam under saturated state; E in is the injection enthalpy, H in,eq is the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy of the primary circuit.

[0025] In some embodiments, the step of determining the total water injection flow calculation formula of the primary circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula includes:

[0026] Substituting the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula into the energy conservation calculation formula, the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is obtained; the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, Q v,inis the total water injection flow of the primary circuit.

[0029] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the total water injection flow of the primary circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection includes:

[0030] According to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, a successful water injection area, an unsuccessful water injection area and an uncertain water injection area are obtained; the successful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is greater than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection; the unsuccessful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection; the uncertain water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and greater than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection;

[0031] The total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled to fall into the water injection success zone.

[0032] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core comprises:

[0033] Obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core;

[0034] The stored energy of the reactor core, the oxidation energy and the total decay heat energy are summed to determine the original enthalpy value;

[0035] Obtaining the cavitation fraction of the reactor core when it is submerged, the volume of the reactor core, and the density of water in a saturated state;

[0036] The coolant volume when the reactor core is flooded is obtained by multiplying the difference between one and the cavitation fraction when the reactor core is flooded by the volume of the reactor core;

[0037] The coolant loading amount when the reactor core is submerged is obtained by multiplying the coolant volume when the reactor core is submerged by the density of water in the saturated state;

[0038] Obtaining the specific enthalpy of water under the saturated state;

[0039] The excess enthalpy value is obtained by multiplying the coolant charge of the flooded core by the specific enthalpy of water in the saturated state.

[0040] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core includes:

[0041] Obtaining the total mass and core specific heat of the reactor core;

[0042] Obtaining heat capacity by multiplying the total mass of the reactor core by the specific heat of the core;

[0043] Obtaining the stored energy of the reactor core according to the heat capacity multiplied by the difference between the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature of the reactor core;

[0044] Obtaining the total mass of metal zirconium in the reactor core, the molar mass of zirconium, the oxidation ratio of metal zirconium in the reactor core, and the energy released by oxidation of metal zirconium per unit mole;

[0045] The molar number of zirconium is obtained by dividing the total mass of the metal zirconium in the reactor core by the molar mass of the zirconium;

[0046] The oxidation energy is obtained by multiplying the mole number of zirconium by the product of the oxidation ratio of the metal zirconium in the reactor core and the energy released by the oxidation of the unit mole number of the metal zirconium;

[0047] Obtain the power linear coefficient, power exponential coefficient and the time interval from shutdown to water injection start;

[0048] The calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is determined according to the power linear coefficient, the power exponential coefficient, and the time interval from shutdown to start of water injection; wherein the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is:

[0049]

[0050] Among them, α is the power linear coefficient, β is the power exponential coefficient, 0<β<1, t start is the interval time from shutdown to water injection, E decay is the total decay heat energy;

[0051] Substituting the critical time of successful water injection or the critical time of unsuccessful water injection into the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy, the total decay heat energy is obtained.

[0052] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a primary circuit water injection device, the device comprising:

[0053] An enthalpy value acquisition module is used to acquire the original enthalpy value and residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged by the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature;

[0054] An acquisition time module is used to acquire a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core;

[0055] A determination module, for determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and, for determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop;

[0056] The control module is used to control the total water injection flow of the first circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection.

[0057] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the third aspect of an embodiment of the present application proposes an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0058] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application proposes a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0059] The present application proposes a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for primary water injection, which obtains the original enthalpy value and residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the stored energy, oxidation energy and total decay heat energy of the reactor core, the stored energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary water injection pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature; secondly, the reactor core is obtained. The critical time of successful water injection and the critical time of unsuccessful water injection corresponding to the first loop; then, according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop is determined; and, according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop is determined; finally, according to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, the total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled. That is, according to the critical time of water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop and the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop are determined, and then the total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled. In this way, by controlling the total water injection flow rate of the first loop, the reactor core is effectively cooled, the nuclear accident is prevented from further deteriorating, and the efficiency of water injection of the first loop is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a primary circuit water injection method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a primary circuit water injection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0064] It should be noted that, although the functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification, claims and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0065] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0066] The primary-loop water injection method and device, electronic device and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application are specifically described through the following embodiments. First, the primary-loop water injection method in the embodiments of the present application is described.

[0067] The single-loop water injection method provided in the embodiment of the present application relates to the field of computer technology. The single-loop water injection method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a terminal, can be applied to a server side, or can be software running in a terminal or a server side. In some embodiments, the terminal can be a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, etc.; the server side can be configured as an independent physical server, or can be configured as a server cluster or a distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, and can also be configured as a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms; the software can be an application that implements the single-loop water injection method, etc., but is not limited to the above forms.

[0068] The present application can be used in many general or special computer system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices, etc. The present application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The present application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, in which tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in local and remote computer storage media including storage devices.

[0069] Figure 1 is an optional flow chart of a primary circuit water injection method provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 The method may include but is not limited to steps S101 to S104.

[0070] Step S101, obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of the storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature;

[0071] Step S102, obtaining a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core;

[0072] Step S103, determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the primary loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the primary loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the primary loop;

[0073] Step S104, controlling the total water injection flow of the primary circuit according to the critical total flow for successful water injection and the critical total flow for unsuccessful water injection.

[0074] Steps S101 to S104 shown in the embodiment of the present application are performed by obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat total energy of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core, and the saturation temperature corresponding to the one-loop pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature; secondly, obtaining the one-loop pressure of the reactor core The critical time of successful water injection and the critical time of unsuccessful water injection corresponding to the first circuit are determined; then, according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first circuit is determined; and, according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first circuit, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first circuit is determined; finally, according to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is controlled. That is, according to the critical time of water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first circuit and the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first circuit are determined, and then the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is controlled. In this way, by controlling the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit, the reactor core is effectively cooled, the nuclear accident is prevented from further deteriorating, and the efficiency of water injection of the first circuit is improved.

[0075] In step S103 of some embodiments, the critical total flow rate of successful and unsuccessful water injection of a circuit is calculated based on the time points of successful and unsuccessful water injection, combined with the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, using the principle of conservation of energy.

[0076] In step S104 of some embodiments, the total water injection flow rate of the primary loop is adjusted according to the calculated critical total flow rates of successful and unsuccessful water injection to ensure the safety and stability of the core.

[0077] It should be noted that the enthalpy value can be a physical quantity in thermodynamics that represents the energy state of the system. The original enthalpy value can be the energy state in the process of cooling the core, including storage energy, oxidation energy and total decay heat energy. The total decay heat energy can be calculated by replacing the water injection time in the total decay heat energy calculation formula with the critical time for successful water injection corresponding to a loop of the reactor core, or by replacing the water injection time in the total decay heat energy calculation formula with the critical time for unsuccessful water injection.

[0078] The saturation temperature may be the temperature at which liquid and steam coexist at a given pressure. The critical time for successful water injection may be the time point at which the water injection is completed and the core can be successfully cooled. The critical time for unsuccessful water injection may be the time point at which the water injection fails to be completed and the core cannot be effectively cooled. The principle of conservation of energy may be a physical law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system, but can only be converted from one form to another.

[0079] It should be noted that the critical time for successful water injection and the critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to the first loop of the reactor core can be obtained in the following ways: 1. By modeling the reactor core and then simulating it; 2. By collecting a large amount of data on the first loop water injection of the reactor core and obtaining it statistically.

[0080] For example, assume that a reactor core needs to be cooled quickly in an emergency, the original enthalpy is 1000 J, and the residual enthalpy after successful water injection is 500 J. The critical time for successful water injection is 30 minutes, and the critical time for unsuccessful water injection is 45 minutes. According to the principle of conservation of energy, the critical total flow rate for successful water injection is calculated to be 100m 3 / h, the critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection is 80m 3 / h. The total flow rate of water injection in one circuit can be adjusted to ensure that the total flow rate of one circuit is greater than 100m 3 / h can avoid core overheating.

[0081] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned step of determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the reactor core according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and the step of determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the primary loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the primary loop comprises:

[0082] According to the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the energy conservation calculation formula of the reactor core is determined; the energy conservation calculation formula is:

[0083] E in -E out =E fill -(E store +E ox +E decay )

[0084] Among them, E in is the injection enthalpy of the reactor core, E out is the outflow enthalpy of the reactor core, E fill is the residual enthalpy, E store +Eox +E decay is the original enthalpy value;

[0085] Using an equivalent water injection method, determining an injection enthalpy calculation formula and an outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core; the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula both include the water injection time of the primary circuit and the total water injection flow of the primary circuit;

[0086] Determine the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula;

[0087] Substituting the critical time for successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula to obtain the critical total water injection flow for successful water injection of the reactor core;

[0088] Substituting the unsuccessful water injection critical time, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula, the unsuccessful water injection critical total flow of the reactor core is obtained.

[0089] In this embodiment, first, according to the principle of conservation of energy, a calculation formula is established, which relates the injection enthalpy, the outflow enthalpy, the residual enthalpy and the original enthalpy. Secondly, the equivalent water injection method is used to simplify the model of the water injection system, and the calculation formulas of the injection enthalpy and the outflow enthalpy are determined, both of which contain the water injection time and the total water injection flow. Again, the calculation formula of the total water injection flow is derived by combining the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula. Finally, the critical time of successful and unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy and the residual enthalpy are substituted into the total water injection flow calculation formula to obtain the critical total flow of successful and unsuccessful water injection respectively. By determining the critical flow of successful and unsuccessful water injection, it is helpful to formulate emergency measures and improve the safety of the reactor. At the same time, by accurately calculating the total water injection flow, it can ensure that the core is properly cooled and avoid overheating. Further, the calculation based on the principle of conservation of energy can optimize the water injection operation, reduce resource waste and improve efficiency.

[0090] It should be noted that the injection enthalpy value may be the energy carried by the coolant when it is injected into the core during the water injection process, and the outflow enthalpy value may be the energy carried by the liquid when it flows out of the core during the water injection process.

[0091] In some embodiments, the above step of using an equivalent water injection method to determine the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core includes:

[0092] Obtaining the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy and equivalent water injection density of the primary loop, as well as the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy in a saturated state when the reactor core is flooded, wherein the saturated state is a state corresponding to the saturation temperature;

[0093] According to the equivalent water injection density and the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is:

[0094] E in =Q v,in ρ in,eq H in,eq t inj

[0095] According to the equivalent water injection density, the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is:

[0096] E out =Q m,out H g t inj

[0097] in, Q v,in is the total flow rate of water injection in the primary circuit, ρ in,eq is the equivalent water injection density of the primary circuit, m fill is the coolant charge when the reactor core is flooded, t inj is the water injection time of the primary circuit, Q m,out is the mass flow rate out of the reactor core; H g is the specific enthalpy of steam under saturated state; E in is the injection enthalpy, H in,eq is the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy of the primary circuit.

[0098] In this embodiment, first, it is necessary to obtain the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy and equivalent water injection density of a loop, and then, the total water injection flow, equivalent water injection density and equivalent water injection specific enthalpy of a loop are used, combined with the water injection time, to determine the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value. Secondly, the total amount of coolant when the reactor core is submerged by the coolant, that is, the coolant charge, is obtained, and then, the calculation formula of the mass flow rate of the core outflow is obtained by combining the total flow rate of the water injection of the loop, the equivalent water injection density, the coolant charge when the core is submerged and the water injection time. Thirdly, the steam specific enthalpy under saturation is obtained, and then, the mass flow rate of the core outflow, the steam specific enthalpy under saturation and the water injection time are used to determine the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value. In this way, by determining the injection and outflow enthalpy calculation formulas, it can help operators optimize the water injection operation to most effectively cool the core and prevent further deterioration of nuclear accidents.

[0099] It should be noted that the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy can be the heat energy per unit mass of coolant during the water injection process. The equivalent water injection density can be the density of the coolant during the water injection process. The injection enthalpy value can be the total heat energy carried by the coolant when it is injected into the core. The outflow enthalpy value can be the total heat energy carried by the liquid in the core when it flows out. The mass flow rate can be the mass passing through a certain cross section per unit time, usually expressed in kilograms per second (kg / s). The steam specific enthalpy in the saturated state can be the heat energy per unit mass of steam at the saturation temperature and pressure.

[0100] For example, when the main control operator implements the primary water injection strategy, the systems or equipment that may be used for water injection will be taken into consideration, including the safety injection system, the core water injection system, etc. The flow rate and water source of different water injection systems may be different, so their water injection effects are also different. The embodiment of the present application calculates the core injection enthalpy value by the equivalent water injection flow rate.

[0101] Assuming that all the water flow of the primary circuit is injected into the pressure vessel for cooling the core, the enthalpy entering the core when multiple water injection systems inject water into the primary circuit at the same time is:

[0102]

[0103] in,

[0104] t inj is the water injection time (s),

[0105] Q v,in,i is the water injection flow rate of a circuit of system i (m 3 / s),

[0106] ρ in,i is the water density of the primary circuit of system i (kg / m 3 ),

[0107] H in,i is the specific enthalpy of water injected into the primary circuit of system i (J / kg).

[0108] Calculate the equivalent specific enthalpy of water injection (J / kg):

[0109]

[0110] Assuming that the injection water mass flow rate remains unchanged, the equivalent injection water density (kg / m 3 ):

[0111]

[0112] in,

[0113] Q v,in is the total water injection flow rate of a circuit, Qv,in =∑ i Q v,in,i .

[0114] The injection enthalpy can be calculated using the total water injection flow, equivalent water injection density and equivalent water injection specific enthalpy:

[0115] E in =Q v,in ρ in,eq H in,eq t inj

[0116] in,

[0117] Q v,in The total flow rate of water injection in one circuit (m 3 / s),

[0118] ρ in,eq is the equivalent water injection density (kg / m 3 ),

[0119] H in,eq is the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy (J / kg),

[0120] t inj is the water injection time (s).

[0121] For example, after the primary loop is filled with water, it is assumed that the primary loop is still in a saturated state. The coolant injected into the primary loop floods the reactor core, and the excess coolant outside the flooded core flows out of the core in the form of saturated steam. The mass flow rate of the core outflow is:

[0122]

[0123] in,

[0124] Q v,in The total flow rate of water injection in one circuit (m 3 / s),

[0125] ρ in,eq is the equivalent water injection density (kg / m 3 ),

[0126] m fill is the coolant charge when the reactor core is flooded (kg),

[0127] t inj is the water injection time (s).

[0128] After absorbing the core heat (including core storage energy, core oxidation energy and core decay heat), the enthalpy of the saturated steam flowing out of the core is:

[0129] E out =Qm,out H g t inj

[0130] Among them, H g is the specific enthalpy of steam under saturated condition (J / kg).

[0131] In some embodiments, the step of determining the total water injection flow calculation formula of the primary circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula comprises:

[0132] Substituting the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula into the energy conservation calculation formula, the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is obtained; the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, Q v,in is the total water injection flow of the primary circuit.

[0135] In this embodiment, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula are substituted into the energy conservation calculation formula to obtain a total water injection flow calculation formula for a circuit including the total water injection flow, coolant charge, steam specific enthalpy under saturated state, water injection time, equivalent water injection density, equivalent water injection specific enthalpy, original enthalpy value and residual enthalpy value. Through the accurate calculation formula, the total water injection flow of a circuit can be accurately controlled to ensure that the core is properly cooled. Secondly, through the calculation formula, the water injection operation can be optimized, the waste of water resources can be reduced, and the efficiency of resource utilization can be improved.

[0136] It should be noted that the total water injection flow of a primary loop may be the total coolant flow injected into the reactor core through the primary loop system within a certain period of time. The coolant charge when the reactor core is flooded may be the total amount of coolant when the reactor core is completely flooded with coolant. The specific enthalpy of steam in a saturated state may be the thermal energy per unit mass of steam at the saturated temperature and pressure. The water injection duration of a primary loop may be the total time from the start of water injection to the end of water injection.

[0137] For example, the time for flooding the core with primary water injection is particularly important. If it takes too long to flood the core, it may cause cooling failure and further core melting or degradation.

[0138] Assume t succ is the critical time for successful water injection, that is, if the water injection time of a circuit is less than t succ , then the water injection must be successful and the core can be cooled. Assume t fail is the critical time for unsuccessful water injection, that is, if the water injection time of a circuit is greater than t fail, the water injection is unsuccessful and the core cannot be cooled. succ and less than t fail , it is uncertain whether the water injection is successful.

[0139] According to the core energy conservation calculation, the difference between the injection enthalpy and the discharge enthalpy is equal to the change in the core enthalpy, that is, the difference between the residual enthalpy and the original enthalpy. The equation is as follows:

[0140] E in -E out =E fill -(E store +E ox +E decay )

[0141] Substituting the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula into the energy conservation calculation formula, the total injection flow calculation formula of a circuit is obtained; the total injection flow calculation formula of a circuit is:

[0142]

[0143] The success time t succ With t fail Substitute t inj , the critical flow rate of a certain successful water injection and the critical flow rate of a certain unsuccessful water injection can be calculated respectively. The current primary circuit pressure is P prim Under the condition of , the critical flow rate for successful water injection is:

[0144]

[0145] The critical flow rate for unsuccessful water injection is:

[0146]

[0147] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the total water injection flow of the primary circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection comprises:

[0148] According to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, a successful water injection area, an unsuccessful water injection area and an uncertain water injection area are obtained; the successful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is greater than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection; the unsuccessful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection; the uncertain water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and greater than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection;

[0149] The total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled to fall into the water injection success zone.

[0150] In this embodiment, according to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, the total water injection flow control area of ​​the first loop is divided into three parts: the successful water injection area, the unsuccessful water injection area and the water injection uncertainty area. Furthermore, by controlling the total water injection flow rate of the first loop, it falls into the successful water injection area to ensure that the core is effectively cooled. By accurately controlling the total water injection flow rate, the nuclear accident can be prevented from further deteriorating, the reactor core can be effectively cooled, overheating can be avoided, and the safety of the nuclear reactor can be improved. Secondly, a clear flow control area can help operators make decisions quickly, optimize water injection operations, and reduce resource waste.

[0151] It should be noted that the critical total flow rate for successful water injection may be the minimum total water injection flow rate required to ensure effective cooling of the core. The critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection may be the total water injection flow rate that causes the core to be unable to be adequately cooled. The successful water injection area may be an area where the total water injection flow rate is greater than the critical total flow rate for successful water injection, and the core cooling effect is guaranteed. The unsuccessful water injection area may be an area where the total water injection flow rate is less than the critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection, and the core cooling effect cannot be guaranteed. The water injection uncertainty area may be an area where the total water injection flow rate is between the critical total flow rate for successful water injection and the critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection, and the core cooling effect is uncertain.

[0152] It should be noted that if the total water injection flow of a circuit falls into the unsuccessful zone, a prompt message can be output to prompt the investment of more nuclear power plant systems or equipment to increase the water injection flow of the circuit; if the total water injection flow of a circuit falls into the successful zone, a prompt message can be output to stop the water injection; if the total water injection flow of a circuit falls into the uncertain zone, a prompt message can be output for on-site observation, and then corresponding operations can be performed based on the observation results.

[0153] In some implementations, first, according to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, the total water injection flow control area of ​​the primary circuit is divided into three parts: a successful water injection area, an unsuccessful water injection area, and an uncertain water injection area. Then, it is determined which area the total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is in, and the total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is controlled.

[0154] In other embodiments, the total water injection flow of a circuit is compared with the two total flow rates, and if the total water injection flow of the circuit is greater than the critical total flow rate for successful water injection, it is determined that the water injection of the circuit must be successful;

[0155] If the total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is less than the critical water injection flow rate for failure, it is determined that the water injection of the primary circuit will fail;

[0156] If the total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is between the certain successful water injection critical flow rate and the certain unsuccessful water injection critical flow rate, it is determined whether the water injection of the primary circuit is successful or not.

[0157] For example, after an accident occurs, when the pressure of a circuit is P prim , if the injection flow rate Q v,in Greater than Q v,in,succ , then it will be successful if the injection flow rate Q v,in Less than Q v,in,fail , the water injection is unsuccessful. If the water injection flow rate Q v,in In Q v,in,fail With Q v,in,succ It is uncertain whether it will succeed, that is:

[0158]

[0159] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core comprises:

[0160] Obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core;

[0161] The stored energy of the reactor core, the oxidation energy and the total decay heat energy are summed to determine the original enthalpy value;

[0162] Obtaining the cavitation fraction of the reactor core when it is submerged, the volume of the reactor core, and the density of water in a saturated state;

[0163] The coolant volume when the reactor core is flooded is obtained by multiplying the difference between one and the cavitation fraction when the reactor core is flooded by the volume of the reactor core;

[0164] The coolant loading amount when the reactor core is submerged is obtained by multiplying the coolant volume when the reactor core is submerged by the density of water in the saturated state;

[0165] Obtaining the specific enthalpy of water under the saturated state;

[0166] The excess enthalpy value is obtained by multiplying the coolant charge of the flooded core by the specific enthalpy of water in the saturated state.

[0167] In this embodiment, first, the data of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat in the reactor core are collected. The above three energies are added to determine the original enthalpy value of the reactor core. Secondly, the cavitation fraction when the reactor core is flooded, the volume of the core and the density of water in the saturated state are collected. The coolant volume when the core is flooded is obtained by calculating the difference between one minus the cavitation fraction and multiplying it by the core volume. The coolant volume is multiplied by the density of water in the saturated state to obtain the coolant charge when the core is flooded, that is, the mass of water in the core. Thirdly, the specific enthalpy data of water in the saturated state are collected, and the coolant charge of the flooded core is multiplied by the specific enthalpy of water in the saturated state to obtain the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core. That is, by calculating the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, the heat change of the reactor core can be accurately understood, thereby performing effective heat management. In addition, the above calculation formula can help operators optimize the water injection operation and cool the core most effectively, thereby improving the efficiency of primary water injection.

[0168] It should be noted that stored energy can be the heat generated by nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor. Oxidation energy can be the heat generated during the oxidation of the nuclear fuel rod cladding. Decay heat can be the heat released during the decay of radioactive nuclides. Cavity fraction can be the volume fraction of steam or gas in the core. Coolant charge can be the mass of coolant (usually water) in the core. The specific enthalpy of water in the saturated state can be the thermal energy of water at the saturation temperature and pressure.

[0169] For example, when the primary loop is injected with water to cool the core, the amount of water injected should be enough to submerge the core to be considered as successful. When the coolant submerges the core, there is a certain amount of cavitation, then the amount of coolant submerged in the core is:

[0170] m fill =(1-α)V core ρ f

[0171] in,

[0172] α is the cavitation fraction when the reactor core is flooded,

[0173] V core is the reactor core volume (m 3 ),

[0174] ρ f is the density of water in saturated state (kg / m 3 ).

[0175] After the core is flooded, the temperature of the coolant is the saturation temperature, so the enthalpy of the water after the core is flooded is:

[0176] E fill =m fill H f

[0177] in,

[0178] m fill is the coolant charge when the core is flooded (kg),

[0179] H f is the specific enthalpy of water in saturated state (J / kg).

[0180] For example, assume that the energy storage of a reactor core is 500 J, the oxidation energy is 100 J, the decay heat is 200 J, the cavitation fraction is 0.2, and the core volume is 100 m 3 The density of water in saturated state is 1000 kg / m 3 , the specific enthalpy of water in saturated state is 1800kJ / kg.

[0181] Calculate the original enthalpy value: original enthalpy value = 500J + 100J + 200J = 800J;

[0182] Calculate the coolant volume: Coolant volume = (1-0.2) × 100m 3 =80m 3 ;

[0183] Calculate the amount of coolant: Coolant amount = 80m 3 ×1000kg / m 3 =80000kg;

[0184] Calculate the residual enthalpy: residual enthalpy = 80000kg × 1800kJ / kg = 144000000kJ.

[0185] Through these calculations, operators can understand the energy changes in the core and adjust the water injection operation accordingly to ensure the safety and stability of the core.

[0186] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core comprises:

[0187] Obtaining the total mass and core specific heat of the reactor core;

[0188] Obtaining heat capacity by multiplying the total mass of the reactor core by the specific heat of the core;

[0189] Obtaining the stored energy of the reactor core according to the heat capacity multiplied by the difference between the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature of the reactor core;

[0190] Obtaining the total mass of metal zirconium in the reactor core, the molar mass of zirconium, the oxidation ratio of metal zirconium in the reactor core, and the energy released by oxidation of metal zirconium per unit mole;

[0191] The molar number of zirconium is obtained by dividing the total mass of the metal zirconium in the reactor core by the molar mass of the zirconium;

[0192] The oxidation energy is obtained by multiplying the mole number of zirconium by the product of the oxidation ratio of the metal zirconium in the reactor core and the energy released by the oxidation of the unit mole number of the metal zirconium;

[0193] Obtain power linear coefficient, power exponential coefficient, and time interval from shutdown to water injection start;

[0194] The calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is determined according to the power linear coefficient, the power exponential coefficient and the time interval from shutdown to water injection start; wherein the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is:

[0195]

[0196] Among them, α is the power linear coefficient, β is the power exponential coefficient, 0<β<1, t start is the interval time from shutdown to water injection, E decay is the total decay heat energy;

[0197] Substituting the critical time of successful water injection or the critical time of unsuccessful water injection into the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy, the total decay heat energy is obtained.

[0198] In this embodiment, first, the heat capacity of the core is calculated by the total mass of the core and the core specific heat. Then, the heat capacity is multiplied by the difference between the current temperature of the core and the saturation temperature to obtain the energy storage of the core. The total mass of the metal zirconium in the core is divided by its molar mass to obtain the mole number of zirconium. Next, the oxidation energy is obtained by multiplying the mole number of zirconium by the oxidation ratio and the energy released by the oxidation of the metal zirconium per unit mole. The total decay heat energy is determined by the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy using the given power linear coefficient, power exponential coefficient, time interval from shutdown to water injection, and water injection time of a loop. That is, the energy storage, oxidation energy, and total decay heat energy of the reactor core are determined. Accurate energy calculation helps prevent the core temperature from continuing to rise and the nuclear accident from further deteriorating, thereby improving the safety of the nuclear reactor. At the same time, it can help operators to cool the core and improve the efficiency of water injection in a loop.

[0199] It should be noted that heat capacity can be the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance when its temperature changes, usually expressed as the product of mass, specific heat and temperature change. Energy storage can be the amount of heat stored in the core due to temperature changes. Oxidation energy can be the energy released during the oxidation of metal zirconium. Total decay heat energy can be the total amount of heat released during the decay of a radioactive nuclide. Power linear coefficient can be a coefficient linearly related to reactor power, used to calculate decay heat. Power exponential coefficient can be a coefficient related to reactor power exponent, used to calculate decay heat. The interval from shutdown to water injection can be the time interval from shutdown to the start of water injection.

[0200] For example, in the event of a core dehydration accident in a nuclear power plant, the primary coolant exists in both liquid and gas phases, and the primary coolant and the core as a whole are in a saturated state. The water injected into the core will cool the core to saturation temperature, and absorb the core storage energy, core oxidation energy and core decay heat. At the same time, part of the coolant will be vaporized into saturated steam and discharged from the core. In the event of an accident in a nuclear power plant, the operator can read the primary pressure in the main control room. In this patent, it is assumed that the primary pressure is known to be P. prim If the primary water injection circuit can submerge and cool the core, the core temperature can be reduced to the primary pressure P prim The corresponding saturation temperature.

[0201] During the core cooling process, the energy storage of the reactor core is:

[0202] E store =m core C p,core (T core -T sat )

[0203] in,

[0204] m core is the total mass of the reactor core (kg),

[0205] C p,core is the core specific heat (J / (kg·K)),

[0206] T core is the current core temperature (K),

[0207] T sat P prim Saturation temperature at pressure (K).

[0208] After the first loop water injection is implemented, the coolant enters the reactor core and contacts the metal zirconium therein, and an oxidation reaction may occur and release oxidation energy. This part of the core oxidation energy also needs to be taken away by the cooling water, so the oxidation energy in the process of cooling the core is:

[0209]

[0210] in,

[0211] m Zr is the total mass of metallic zirconium in the reactor core (kg),

[0212] M Zr is the molar mass of zirconium (kg / mol),

[0213] R ox is the oxidation ratio of metallic zirconium in the reactor core,

[0214] E Zr It is the energy released per mole of metal zirconium oxidation (J / mol).

[0215] After the reactor is shut down, the decay of fission products will generate heat. The decay heat power (W) can be regarded as a function of time:

[0216] q decay (t) = αt -β

[0217] in,

[0218] α is the power linear coefficient,

[0219] β is the power exponential coefficient, 0<β<1.

[0220] Assume that the shutdown time is t start Start water injection, the water injection time is t inj , then the total decay heat energy (J) after water injection is:

[0221]

[0222] See also Figure 2 The embodiment of the present application further provides a primary circuit water injection device, which can implement the primary circuit water injection method described above, and the device comprises:

[0223] The enthalpy value acquisition module 201 is used to acquire the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of the storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged by the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature;

[0224] An acquisition time module 202 is used to acquire a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core;

[0225] The determination module 203 is used to determine the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and to determine the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop;

[0226] The control module 204 is used to control the total water injection flow of the primary circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection.

[0227] The specific implementation of the primary-loop water injection device is substantially the same as the specific implementation of the primary-loop water injection method described above, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0228] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the above-mentioned primary circuit water injection method when executing the computer program. The electronic device can be any intelligent terminal including a tablet computer, a car computer, etc.

[0229] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 The hardware structure of an electronic device of another embodiment is illustrated, and the electronic device includes:

[0230] The processor 301 may be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0231] The memory 302 can be implemented in the form of a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory 302 can store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solution provided in the embodiment of this specification is implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 302, and the processor 301 is called to execute the primary circuit water injection method of the embodiment of this application;

[0232] Input / output interface 303, used to implement information input and output;

[0233] The communication interface 304 is used to realize the communication interaction between the device and other devices. The communication can be realized through a wired manner (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or a wireless manner (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.);

[0234] A bus 305 that transmits information between the various components of the device (e.g., the processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, and the communication interface 304);

[0235] The processor 301 , the memory 302 , the input / output interface 303 and the communication interface 304 are connected to each other in communication within the device via the bus 305 .

[0236] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned primary circuit water injection method is implemented.

[0237] The memory, as a non-transient computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transient software programs and non-transient computer executable programs. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include a memory remotely disposed relative to the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0238] The first-loop water injection method, first-loop water injection device, electronic device and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application obtain the original enthalpy value and residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the storage energy, oxidation energy and total decay heat energy of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the first-loop pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature; secondly, obtain the reactor core The critical time of successful water injection and the critical time of unsuccessful water injection corresponding to the first loop of the reactor core; then, according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop is determined; and, according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop is determined; finally, according to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, the total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled. That is, according to the critical time of water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop and the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop are determined, and then the total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled. In this way, by controlling the total water injection flow rate of the first loop, the reactor core is effectively cooled, the nuclear accident is prevented from further deteriorating, and the efficiency of water injection of the first loop is improved.

[0239] The embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0240] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown in the figures, or a combination of certain steps, or different steps.

[0241] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0242] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, and the functional modules / units in the systems and devices may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or a suitable combination thereof.

[0243] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0244] It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0245] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the above units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0246] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0247] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0248] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including multiple instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store programs.

[0249] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the rights of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention should be within the scope of the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A primary circuit water injection method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of the storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged in the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature; Obtaining a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core; Determine the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and determine the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop; The total water injection flow rate of the primary circuit is controlled according to the critical total flow rate for successful water injection and the critical total flow rate for unsuccessful water injection.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The steps of determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the reactor core according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the primary loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the primary loop include: According to the energy conservation principle of the reactor core, the energy conservation calculation formula of the reactor core is determined; the energy conservation calculation formula is: AND in -AND out =And fill -(AND store +E ox +E decay ) Among them, E in is the injection enthalpy of the reactor core, E out is the outflow enthalpy of the reactor core, E fill is the residual enthalpy, E store +E ox +E decay is the original enthalpy value; Using an equivalent water injection method, determining an injection enthalpy calculation formula and an outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core; the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula both include the water injection time of the primary circuit and the total water injection flow of the primary circuit; Determine the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula; Substituting the critical time for successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula to obtain the critical total water injection flow for successful water injection of the reactor core; Substituting the unsuccessful water injection critical time, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value into the total water injection flow calculation formula, the unsuccessful water injection critical total flow of the reactor core is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of determining the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula of the reactor core by using an equivalent water injection method comprises: Obtaining the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy and equivalent water injection density of the primary loop, as well as the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy in a saturated state when the reactor core is flooded, wherein the saturated state is a state corresponding to the saturation temperature; According to the equivalent water injection density and the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the injection enthalpy value is: E in =Q v,in ρ in,eq H in,eq t inj According to the equivalent water injection density, the coolant charge and the steam specific enthalpy, the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is determined; the calculation formula of the outflow enthalpy value is: E out =Q m,out H g t inj in, Q v,in is the total flow rate of water injection in the primary circuit, ρ in,eq is the equivalent water injection density of the primary circuit, m fill is the coolant charge when the reactor core is flooded, t inj is the water injection time of the primary circuit, Q m,out is the mass flow rate out of the reactor core; H g is the specific enthalpy of steam under saturated state; E in is the injection enthalpy, H in,eq is the equivalent water injection specific enthalpy of the primary circuit.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of determining the total water injection flow calculation formula of the primary circuit according to the energy conservation calculation formula, the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula comprises: Substituting the injection enthalpy calculation formula and the outflow enthalpy calculation formula into the energy conservation calculation formula, the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is obtained; the total water injection flow calculation formula of the first circuit is: Among them, Q v,in is the total water injection flow of the primary circuit.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of controlling the total water injection flow of the primary circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection comprises: According to the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection, a successful water injection area, an unsuccessful water injection area and an uncertain water injection area are obtained; the successful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is greater than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection; the unsuccessful water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection; the uncertain water injection area is an area where the total water injection flow rate of the first circuit is less than the critical total flow rate of successful water injection and greater than the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection; The total water injection flow rate of the first loop is controlled to fall into the water injection success zone.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of obtaining the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value of the reactor core comprises: Obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core; The stored energy of the reactor core, the oxidation energy and the total decay heat energy are summed to determine the original enthalpy value; Obtaining the cavitation fraction of the reactor core when it is submerged, the volume of the reactor core, and the density of water in a saturated state; The coolant volume when the reactor core is flooded is obtained by multiplying the difference between one and the cavitation fraction when the reactor core is flooded by the volume of the reactor core; The coolant loading amount when the reactor core is submerged is obtained by multiplying the coolant volume when the reactor core is submerged by the density of water in the saturated state; Obtaining the specific enthalpy of water under the saturated state; The excess enthalpy value is obtained by multiplying the coolant charge of the flooded core by the specific enthalpy of water in the saturated state.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of obtaining the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core comprises: Obtaining the total mass and core specific heat of the reactor core; Obtaining heat capacity by multiplying the total mass of the reactor core by the specific heat of the core; Obtaining the stored energy of the reactor core according to the heat capacity multiplied by the difference between the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature of the reactor core; Obtaining the total mass of metal zirconium in the reactor core, the molar mass of zirconium, the oxidation ratio of metal zirconium in the reactor core, and the energy released by oxidation of metal zirconium per unit mole; The mole number of zirconium is obtained by dividing the total mass of the metal zirconium in the reactor core by the molar mass of the zirconium; The oxidation energy is obtained by multiplying the mole number of zirconium by the product of the oxidation ratio of the metal zirconium in the reactor core and the energy released by the oxidation of the unit mole number of the metal zirconium; Obtain power linear coefficient, power exponential coefficient, and time interval from shutdown to water injection start; The calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is determined according to the power linear coefficient, the power exponential coefficient and the time interval from shutdown to water injection start; wherein the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy is: Among them, α is the power linear coefficient, β is the power exponential coefficient, 0<β<1, t start is the interval time from shutdown to water injection, E decay is the total decay heat energy; Substituting the critical time of successful water injection or the critical time of unsuccessful water injection into the calculation formula of the total decay heat energy, the total decay heat energy is obtained.

8. A primary circuit water injection device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An enthalpy value acquisition module is used to acquire the original enthalpy value and residual enthalpy value of the reactor core; the original enthalpy value includes the total energy of storage energy, oxidation energy and decay heat of the reactor core, the storage energy is determined based on the current temperature of the reactor core and the saturation temperature corresponding to the primary circuit pressure of the reactor core; the residual enthalpy value is the enthalpy value after the reactor core is successfully injected with water, and the successful injection of water into the reactor core means that the reactor core is submerged by the coolant and cooled to the saturation temperature; An acquisition time module is used to acquire a critical time for successful water injection and a critical time for unsuccessful water injection corresponding to a primary circuit of the reactor core; A determination module, for determining the critical total flow rate of successful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of successful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the reactor core; and, for determining the critical total flow rate of unsuccessful water injection of the first loop according to the critical time of unsuccessful water injection, the original enthalpy value and the residual enthalpy value, and the energy conservation principle of the first loop; The control module is used to control the total water injection flow of the first circuit according to the critical total flow of successful water injection and the critical total flow of unsuccessful water injection.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the primary-loop water injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the primary circuit water injection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

Images