A fan-shaped circular patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a fan-ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof, and belongs to the field of antennas and microwave technologies. A fan-ring patch is loaded on a ground plate as a radiation main oscillator, the fan-ring patch antenna is connected with the ground plate through a vertical short-circuit wall and a coaxial cable feeding structure, an inner and outer circumference short-circuit and a non-enclosed structure with a half radius open circuit are formed. The fan-ring patch adopts coaxial cable feeding, different radiation modes are excited and controlled by changing the feeding position to realize different radiation characteristics. The application has a series of advantages such as wide beam, large scanning range, small volume, low profile and simple structure, and has a wide application prospect in various wireless communications of the Internet of Things, satellite communications and anti-interference systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof, and belongs to the fields of antenna and microwave technology and the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of wireless communication technology, the intelligent interconnection of all things is becoming increasingly common in our lives. To improve communication system performance, these systems place higher demands on antenna size and performance. Traditional microstrip patch antennas can only achieve linear or circular polarization, dispersive or non-dispersive radiation characteristics. A few specially designed microstrip antennas with feed networks can achieve polarization conversion and frequency scanning characteristics, but this also increases the complexity of the antenna design. Therefore, designing a simple unit microstrip patch antenna that can simultaneously achieve wide beam, zero-direction frequency sweep, and tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics remains a major challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above issues, the present invention proposes a novel fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof. This design method loads a fan-shaped ring patch onto a ground plane as the main radiator. The fan-shaped ring patch antenna is connected to the ground plane via a vertical short-circuit wall and a coaxial cable, forming a non-enclosed structure with both the inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and the radius open. The fan-shaped ring patch is fed by a coaxial cable, and by varying the feed position, different radiation modes are excited and controlled to achieve different radiation characteristics. The designed antenna is compact, simple in structure, and highly flexible. It has broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, the method comprising:

[0006] A fan-shaped patch is arranged above the ground plate, and a dielectric is filled between the two;

[0007] The inner and outer circumferences of the sector ring patch are connected to the ground plate by vertical short-circuit walls, forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open;

[0008] The fan-shaped patch is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure connected to the ground plate;

[0009] A coaxial feeding probe connected to the ground plate is provided on the sector ring patch for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe to achieve different radiation characteristics.

[0010] Furthermore, the sum of the inner and outer diameters of the sector ring patch is one or more times the wavelength, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.1.

[0011] Furthermore, the fan-shaped patch is parallel to the ground plane, and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

[0012] Furthermore, the design method further includes:

[0013] Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe on the central axis of the sector ring patch;

[0014] A short-circuit pin connected to the ground plate is provided on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch;

[0015] A pair of arc-shaped slots symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are opened on the fan-shaped patch to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the wide beam radiation characteristic of the antenna in the elevation plane.

[0016] Furthermore, in the antenna having the wide beam radiation characteristic in the elevation plane, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

[0017] Furthermore, the design method further includes:

[0018] Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe on the central axis of the sector ring patch;

[0019] A pair of short-circuit pins symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are provided on the fan-shaped ring patch, and a pair of arc-shaped slots symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are opened to disturb the high-order and fundamental radial modes of the antenna respectively, thereby realizing the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the pitch plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

[0020] Furthermore, in the antenna having the zero-frequency scanning radiation characteristic in the elevation plane, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-90° to achieve a three-mode resonant, pure radial radiation antenna.

[0021] Furthermore, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set to deviate from the central axis of the sector ring patch to excite radial and circumferential modes;

[0022] By changing the central angle of the fan-shaped patch, the antenna's operating mode type, order, and direction of circular polarization are regulated to achieve the antenna's tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics.

[0023] By changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch, the circular polarization tilt scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth can be adjusted.

[0024] Furthermore, in the antenna having tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is 120°-360°.

[0025] On the other hand, the present invention provides a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, which is obtained by the above-mentioned design method.

[0026] Compared to existing technologies, the present invention utilizes the above technical solution, achieving the following technical advantages: While maintaining a planar structure, the present invention utilizes a sector-shaped ring patch with shorted inner and outer circumferences and open radius, enabling the excitation and control of different radiation modes by varying the coaxial feed position to achieve diverse radiation characteristics. This multi-radiation sector-shaped ring patch antenna and its design method offer high flexibility and excellent performance, promising broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems within the Internet of Things. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of a wide-beam antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a reference coordinate schematic diagram of a wide-beam antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic of a wide beam antenna calculated using HFSS software in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is an elevation radiation pattern of a wide beam antenna calculated using HFSS software in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of a zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a reference coordinate schematic diagram of a zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated by HFSS software for a zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is an antenna elevation radiation pattern calculated by HFSS software for a zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 FIG. 4 is a frequency response curve of the zero-direction scanning angle of the zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 is a front structure of a circularly polarized antenna and a reference coordinate diagram in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 11 is a three-dimensional diagram of a circularly polarized antenna and a reference coordinate diagram in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 12 is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated by HFSS software for a circularly polarized antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 13 is an elevation plane radiation pattern of a fan-shaped ring-shaped patch with a central angle of 150° calculated by HFSS software for a circularly polarized antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 14 is an elevation plane radiation pattern of a fan-shaped ring-shaped patch with a central angle of 220° calculated by HFSS software for a circularly polarized antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 15 is an axial ratio diagram of a circularly polarized antenna calculated by HFSS software for a circularly polarized antenna in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] wherein 1 is a ground plate, 2 is a fan-shaped ring-shaped patch, 3 is a vertical short-circuit wall, 4 is a coaxial cable feeding structure, 5 is a central axis of the fan-shaped ring-shaped patch, 6 and 6' are short-circuit pins, and 7 and 7' are arc-shaped grooves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. The embodiments described below are examples of the present application and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0044] Those skilled in the art can understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0045] The technical solutions of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings:

[0046] The present application proposes a design method of a fan-shaped ring-shaped patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, which comprises:

[0047] A fan-shaped ring-shaped patch is arranged above a ground plate, and the two are filled with a dielectric;

[0048] The inner and outer circumferences of the sector ring patch are connected to the ground plate by vertical short-circuit walls, forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open;

[0049] The fan-shaped patch is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure connected to the ground plate;

[0050] A coaxial feeding probe connected to the ground plate is provided on the sector ring patch for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe to achieve different radiation characteristics.

[0051] Furthermore, the sum of the inner and outer diameters of the sector ring patch is one or more times the wavelength, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.1.

[0052] Furthermore, the fan-shaped patch is parallel to the ground plane, and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

[0053] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; a short-circuit pin connected to the ground plate is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; and a pair of arc-shaped grooves symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are opened on the fan-shaped patch to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the wide beam radiation characteristics of the antenna in the pitch plane.

[0054] Furthermore, in the wide beam antenna implemented above, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

[0055] In this embodiment, air dielectric is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 100 mm and 60 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the sector ring patch loaded with the arc slot structure are 23.3 mm and 83.3 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:3.5; the center angle of the sector ring patch is 100°; the distance between the sector ring patch and the ground plate is 4 mm; the starting point of the arc slot on the sector ring patch is 38.2 mm from the center of the circle, the angle of the arc slot is 45°, the length is 21 mm, and the width is 3 mm; the coaxial feeding structure and short-circuit pin on the sector ring patch are both arranged on the central axis, at a distance of 25.1 mm and 40 mm from the center of the circle, respectively, and the radius of the short-circuit pin is 2.5 mm.

[0056] The characteristics of the wide-beam antenna obtained by HFSS simulation are as follows:

[0057] Figure 3The reflection coefficient characteristics of the antenna of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The antenna achieves dual-mode resonance and its impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band from 2.98 to 3.19 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 8.4%.

[0058] Figure 4 The figure below shows the radiation pattern at 3.10 GHz in the elevation plane calculated using HFSS software. The 3 dB beamwidth is greater than 100°.

[0059] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; a pair of short-circuit pins symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are set on the fan-shaped patch, and a pair of arc-shaped slots symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are opened to disturb the high-order and fundamental radial modes of the antenna respectively, so as to realize the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the pitch plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

[0060] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned zero-direction frequency-sweeping antenna, the central angle of the sector ring patch is set to 0°-90° to achieve a three-mode resonance and pure radial radiation antenna.

[0061] In this embodiment, air medium is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 100 mm and 80 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the fan-shaped ring patch loaded with the arc groove structure are 5 mm and 70 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:14; the center angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is 50°; the distance between the fan-shaped ring patch and the ground plate is 5 mm; the starting point of the arc groove on the fan-shaped ring patch is 50 mm away from the center of the circle, the angle of the arc groove is 15°, the length is 18 mm, and the width is 4 mm; the coaxial feeding structure on the fan-shaped ring patch is set on the central axis, the distance from the center of the circle is 24 mm, and the radius is 0.65 mm; the angle between the line connecting the two short-circuit pins and the center of the fan-shaped ring patch and the central axis is ±15°, and the radius is 2.5 mm.

[0062] The characteristics of the above zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna obtained by simulation calculation using HFSS software are as follows:

[0063] Figure 7 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The antenna achieves three-mode resonance and its impedance bandwidth covers the 4.07 to 5.33 GHz frequency band, with a relative bandwidth of 28%.

[0064] Figure 8The following is the radiation pattern of the embodiment calculated using HFSS software. The solid black line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.28 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of 42°. The dashed black line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.16 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of 37°. The dashed black line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.0 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of 20°. The solid gray line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.80 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of 10°. The dashed gray line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.6 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of 3°. The dashed gray line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.4 GHz, with a null at an elevation angle of -6°. This shows that the antenna implements a unidirectional null frequency sweep function in the elevation plane.

[0065] Figure 9 This is the angle-frequency curve of the zero-direction frequency scanning characteristic of the antenna of this embodiment. The antenna can achieve zero-direction frequency scanning in the range of pitch angles of -6° to +42°, and the angle-frequency curve presents a positive slope characteristic.

[0066] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set to deviate from the central axis of the fan-shaped patch to excite radial and circumferential modes; by changing the central angle of the fan-shaped patch, the working mode type (radial mode / circumferential mode), order (odd / even mode of the circumferential mode) and left / right rotation direction of the circular polarization of the antenna are regulated to achieve the tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics of the antenna; by changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch, the circular polarization tilt angle scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beam width are regulated.

[0067] Furthermore, in the above-implemented tilted circularly polarized antenna, the central angle of the sector ring patch is 120°-360°.

[0068] In this embodiment, air dielectric is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 90 mm and 80 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the sector ring patch are 6 mm and 40 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:6.5; the central angle of the sector ring patch is 150°; the distance between the sector ring patch and the ground plate is 3 mm; the angle between the line connecting the coaxial feed cable structure and the center of the sector ring patch and the central axis is -25°.

[0069] The characteristics of the tilted circularly polarized antenna obtained by HFSS software simulation are as follows:

[0070] Figure 12 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the 4.44 GHz-5.05 GHz frequency band, and the relative bandwidth is 13.6%.

[0071] Figure 13 The radiation pattern of this embodiment's sector-ring patch antenna with a central angle of 150°, calculated using HFSS software, is shown. The solid black and dashed black lines represent the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized radiation patterns at 4.78 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 5°; the solid gray and dashed gray lines represent the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized radiation patterns at 4.82 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 15°. The results show that this antenna is left-hand circularly polarized, and its tilt angle exhibits a sweeping characteristic as the frequency increases.

[0072] Figure 14 The radiation pattern of the 220° central angle sector-ring patch antenna of this embodiment, calculated using HFSS software, is shown below. The solid black line and dashed black line represent the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized radiation patterns at 4.54 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 30°; the solid gray line and dashed gray line represent the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized radiation patterns at 4.57 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 35°. The results show that this antenna is a right-handed circularly polarized antenna with a frequency-sweeping tilt angle, which increases with the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter.

[0073] Figure 15 This is a simulation plot of the axial ratio of this embodiment's sector-ring patch antenna with a central angle of 150°, calculated using HFSS software. The solid black line represents the axial ratio at a 5° elevation angle; the dashed black line represents the axial ratio at a 10° elevation angle; the dotted black line represents the axial ratio at a 15° elevation angle; and the solid gray line represents the axial ratio at a 20° elevation angle. The results show that the antenna's axial ratio is less than 3 dB within the 5°-20° range, demonstrating slant circularly polarized radiation characteristics.

[0074] In summary, the fan-ring patch antenna designed by the present invention can be fed at different positions of the fan-ring patch with short-circuited inner and outer circumferences and open radius according to requirements, and disturbance devices (arc-shaped slots, short-circuit pins) can be added to design antennas with different radiation characteristics, thereby achieving circular polarization characteristics with wide beam, zero-direction frequency sweep, and adjustable tilt angle. The wide-beam antenna designed by the present invention has good wide-beam performance in the pitch plane and a simple structure; the zero-direction frequency sweep antenna designed by the present invention has a unidirectional scanning direction of the radiation zero direction, and the slope of the zero-direction frequency sweep curve is positive; the tilted circularly polarized antenna designed by the present invention has good radiation performance and can adjust the circular polarization tilt angle scanning range. In summary, the fan-ring patch antenna designed by the present invention has a series of advantages such as a wide scanning range, a low profile, and a simple structure, and is easy to manufacture and implement; it has strong flexibility and good performance, and has broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems of the Internet of Things.

[0075] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technology can understand and think of any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A design method for a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, characterized by: The design method includes: A fan-shaped ring patch (2) is arranged above the ground plate (1), and a medium is filled between the two; The inner and outer circumferences of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are connected to the ground plate (1) by vertical short-circuit walls (3), forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open; The fan-shaped annular patch (2) is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure (4) connected to the ground plate (1); A coaxial cable feeding structure (4) connected to the ground plate (1) is provided on the fan-shaped ring patch (2) for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial cable feeding structure (4) to achieve different radiation characteristics.

2. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) is one or more times the wavelength, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.

1.

3. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan-shaped patch (2) is parallel to the ground plate (1), and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

4. The method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: The design method further includes: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial cable feeding structure (4) on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2); A short-circuit pin (6) connected to the ground plate (1) is provided on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2); A pair of arc-shaped slots (7, 7') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2) are provided on the fan-shaped patch (2) to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the antenna's elevation plane wide beam radiation characteristics.

5. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped patch (2) is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

6. The method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: The design method further includes: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial cable feeding structure (4) on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2); A pair of short-circuit pins (6, 6') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are provided on the fan-shaped ring patch (2), and a pair of arc-shaped slots (7, 7') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are opened to respectively disturb the high-order and fundamental radial modes of the antenna, thereby realizing the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the elevation plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

7. The method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) is set to 0°-90° to realize a three-mode resonance and pure radial radiation antenna.

8. The method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding position of the coaxial cable feeding structure (4) is set to deviate from the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2) to excite radial and circumferential modes; By changing the central angle of the fan-shaped patch (2), the antenna's operating mode type, order and circular polarization direction are regulated to achieve the antenna's tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics; By changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped ring patch (2), the circular polarization tilt scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beam width are regulated.

9. The method for designing a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped patch (2) is 120°-360°.

10. A fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, characterized in that: The antenna is obtained by the design method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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