A compact dual-band single-pulse power supply system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to a compact dual-band monopulse feeding system and method, comprising a Ku-band monopulse feeding system and a Ka-band monopulse feeding system. The two monopulse systems are spatially layered. The Ku-band monopulse feeding system includes a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network. The Ka-band monopulse feeding system includes a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network. The sum-difference networks of the two monopulse feeding systems are connected to the array antenna to radiate the monopulse signal in the form of sum beams, elevation difference beams, and azimuth difference beams for target detection and tracking. The monopulse feeding system adopted in this invention, through its compact and miniaturized structural design, can be applied to the feeding and transmission of dual-band monopulse signals in multi-frequency composite precision guidance systems on missile platforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a compact dual-band monopulse feeding system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Precision guidance technology is a widely used technology in modern warfare, used on the battlefield to identify target locations and control weapons to engage targets. Among these, multi-frequency composite guidance systems represent an important development direction for precision guidance technology. Such systems typically employ two tracking systems: a low-frequency system for long-range guidance and a high-frequency system for close-range precision tracking. This improves tracking range and accuracy, enhances anti-jamming capabilities, and increases adaptability to complex battlefield environments.

[0003] In precision guidance systems, monopulse feed systems are widely used for transmitting and receiving tracking signals. A monopulse feed system can simultaneously transmit multiple beams in a single pulse, then receive and process the echoes reflected from the target to obtain complete target position information, including range and angular coordinates. Therefore, this type of monopulse feed system can quickly determine target position information with precise orientation, and is widely used in radar detection, aerospace, missile defense, and other fields.

[0004] In a multi-frequency composite guidance system, to achieve two sets of tracking systems at high and low frequencies, a dual-frequency single-pulse power supply system is required. Currently, the dual-frequency single-pulse power supply systems under research are often complex in structure and large in size, and are usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms. They cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compact dual-band single-pulse power supply system and method, which solves the technical problem that existing single-pulse power supply systems are often complex in structure and large in size, and are usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized spaces such as missile-borne platforms.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a compact dual-band monopulse feeding system, including a Ku-band monopulse feeding system and a Ka-band monopulse feeding system. The Ku-band monopulse feeding system includes a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-difference network, and the Ka-band monopulse feeding system includes a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-difference network.

[0007] The Ku-band monopulse feed system and the Ka-band monopulse feed system are arranged in spatial layers. The Ku-band monopulse feed system is a planar metal waveguide structure, distributed at the bottom layer, and a quartz dielectric substrate is covered directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, with slots made at the corresponding positions of the slots. The Ka-band monopulse feed system is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate and distributed at the top layer.

[0008] The waveguide slot array antenna consists of four waveguides with openings in the H-plane arranged in a 2×2 array. It is used to transmit Ku-band beams and receive Ku-band signals reflected back from the target, which are then transmitted to the waveguide sum and difference network for processing.

[0009] The waveguide sum-difference network consists of four waveguide 90° phase shifters and four waveguide directional couplers connected together. It is used to perform sum-difference operations on the four sets of Ku-band signals received by the waveguide slot antenna and output the sum signal, elevation difference signal, and azimuth difference signal.

[0010] The microstrip patch array antenna consists of four rectangular copper conductor patches arranged in a 2×2 array. It is used to transmit Ka-band beams and receive Ka-band signals reflected back from the target, which are then transmitted to a microstrip sum and difference network for processing.

[0011] The microstrip sum-difference network consists of four microstrip 90° phase shifters and four microstrip directional couplers connected together. It is used to add or subtract four sets of Ka-band signals received by the microstrip patch antenna and output the sum signal, elevation difference signal, and azimuth difference signal.

[0012] Wherein, the dielectric constant ε of the quartz dielectric substrate material r =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, loss tangent is close to 0, which can effectively reduce the size of microstrip structure and transmission loss.

[0013] The present invention also provides a compact dual-band single-pulse power supply method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Signals A and B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of 90° phase shifter 1 and directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network, two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2 are generated, and then a second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0015] Signals C and D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 2 and the directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 are generated, and then a second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0016] After the signals (A+B) / 2 and (C+D) / 2 generated by the first-level sum-difference operation are processed by the second-level sum-difference operation consisting of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, the sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from port 5 of the sum-difference network, and the pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from port 6 of the sum-difference network.

[0017] The two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the first-level sum-difference operation are then subjected to a second-level sum-difference operation consisting of a 90° phase shifter 4 and a directional coupler 4. The azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-difference network, and the load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-difference network.

[0018] This invention discloses a compact dual-band monopulse feeding system and method. The sum and difference networks of the two frequency band monopulse feeding systems are connected to an array antenna to radiate the monopulse signal in the form of sum beams, elevation difference beams, and azimuth difference beams for target detection and tracking. Through the spatial layered design of waveguide and microstrip structures, the high-frequency and low-frequency monopulse feeding systems can be compactly arranged with small longitudinal dimensions and high integration, which can better meet the application requirements of missile-borne platforms. At the same time, it has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, and easy processing. It solves the technical problem that existing monopulse feeding systems are often complex in structure and large in size, usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized space such as missile-borne platforms. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compact dual-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Ku-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Ka-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the implementation principle of the single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5This is a simulation radiation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse power supply system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 16 GHz.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a simulation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse power supply system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 35 GHz.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the compact dual-band single-pulse power supply method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The diagram shows: 1-Ku band monopulse power supply system and 2-Ka band monopulse power supply system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] First embodiment:

[0030] Please see Figures 1 to 6 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compact dual-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Ku-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Ka-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the implementation principle of the single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a simulation radiation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse power supply system according to the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 16 GHz. Figure 6 This is a simulation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse power supply system of the first embodiment of the present invention at a frequency of 35 GHz.

[0031] This invention provides a compact dual-band monopulse feed system, comprising a Ku-band monopulse feed system 1 located at the bottom and a Ka-band monopulse feed system 2 located at the top. The Ku-band monopulse feed system 1 and the Ka-band monopulse feed system 2 are spatially layered. The Ku-band monopulse feed system 1 is a planar metal waveguide structure, distributed at the bottom layer, with a quartz dielectric substrate covering the area directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, and slots are made at the corresponding positions of the slots. The Ka-band monopulse feed system 2 is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate, distributed at the top layer. (See also...) Figure 1 The horizontal dimensions are 220mm × 150mm, and the vertical dimensions are 12mm.

[0032] The Ku-band monopulse feed system 1 is composed of a waveguide structure, see [link / reference]. Figure 2 The overall dimensions are 220mm × 150mm, and the rectangular waveguide thickness is 4mm. The Ku-band monopulse feeding system 1 includes a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum and difference network. The waveguide slot array antenna consists of four waveguide slot antennas 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4. The waveguide sum and difference network consists of four waveguide 90° phase shifters 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4, and four waveguide directional couplers 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4.

[0033] Secondly, the Ka-band single-pulse feed system 2 is composed of a microstrip structure, see [link / reference]. Figure 3 The overall dimensions are 35mm × 35mm. The microstrip dielectric substrate is made of quartz dielectric material, and the dielectric constant ε of the quartz dielectric substrate material is... r =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, loss tangent close to 0, effectively reducing the size and transmission loss of the microstrip structure. Four rectangular slots with dimensions of 1.5mm×10mm are opened on the quartz substrate, corresponding to the slot openings of the four waveguide slot antennas 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 of the Ku-band monopulse feeding system 1, allowing the Ku monopulse signal to be radiated normally through the openings. The Ka monopulse feeding system includes a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum and difference network. The microstrip patch array antenna consists of four microstrip patch antennas 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, and 5-4. The microstrip sum and difference network consists of four microstrip 90° phase shifters 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4 and four microstrip directional couplers 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4.

[0034] Meanwhile, the Ku-band single-pulse power supply system 1 and the Ka-band single-pulse power supply system 2 are implemented on the same principle, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The antenna section includes four input ports: 1, 2, 3, and 4. The input signals received from the antenna enter the sum-difference network through ports 1, 2, 3, and 4. After processing by the sum-difference network, corresponding output signals are generated from the output ports 5, 6, 7, and 8. Port 5 outputs the sum signal, ports 6 and 7 output two sets of difference signals: elevation difference and azimuth difference. Port 8 is connected to the load matching and is not used as an output.

[0035] The specific signal processing procedure is explained in detail below:

[0036] Signals A and B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of 90° phase shifter 1 and directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network, two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2 are generated, and then a second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0037] Signals C and D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 2 and the directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 are generated, and then a second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0038] After the signals (A+B) / 2 and (C+D) / 2 generated by the first-level sum-difference operation are processed by the second-level sum-difference operation consisting of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, the sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from port 5 of the sum-difference network, and the pitch difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from port 6 of the sum-difference network.

[0039] The two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the first-level sum-difference operation are then subjected to a second-level sum-difference operation consisting of a 90° phase shifter 4 and a directional coupler 4. The azimuth difference signal with a value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum-difference network, and the load signal with a value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum-difference network.

[0040] In addition, the simulation pattern results of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system and difference beam at 16GHz used in this invention can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 5 Among them, the maximum gain of the sum beam is about 14.3dB, the maximum sidelobe is less than -8dB, the null depth of the difference beam is less than -33dB, and the sum and difference in the azimuth and elevation planes are 3.3dB and 4.5dB, respectively.

[0041] Finally, the simulation pattern of the dual-band single-pulse feeding system and difference beam at 16GHz used in this invention can be found in the following figure. Figure 6 Among them, the maximum gain of the sum beam is about 12.5dB, the maximum sidelobe is less than -12dB, the null depth of the difference beam is less than -28dB, and the sum and difference in the azimuth and elevation planes are 3.1dB and 4.2dB, respectively.

[0042] When using the compact dual-band monopulse feeding system of this embodiment, the sum and difference networks of the two frequency band monopulse feeding systems are connected to the array antenna to radiate the monopulse signal in the form of sum beam, elevation difference beam, and azimuth difference beam for target detection and tracking. Through the spatial layered design of waveguide structure and microstrip structure, the high-frequency and low-frequency monopulse feeding systems can be compactly arranged, with small vertical dimensions and high integration, which can better meet the application requirements of missile-borne platforms. At the same time, it has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, and easy processing, solving the technical problem that existing monopulse feeding systems are often complex in structure and large in size, usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized space such as missile-borne platforms.

[0043] Second embodiment:

[0044] Based on the first embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the compact dual-band single-pulse feeding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The present invention also provides a compact dual-band single-pulse feeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S101, Signal A and Signal B enter the sum-difference network from port 1 and port 2 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of 90° phase shifter 1 and directional coupler 1 in the sum-difference network, two signals (A+B) / 2 and (AB) / 2 are generated, and then the second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0046] S102, signals C and D enter the sum-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna. After passing through the first-level sum-difference operation composed of the 90° phase shifter 2 and the directional coupler 2 in the sum-difference network, two signals (C+D) / 2 and (CD) / 2 are generated, and then the second-level sum-difference operation is performed.

[0047] S103. After the signals (A+B) / 2 and (C+D) / 2 generated by the first-level sum-difference operation are processed by the second-level sum-difference operation consisting of the 90° phase shifter 3 and the directional coupler 3, the sum signal with the value (A+B+C+D) / 4 is output from port 5 of the sum-difference network, and the pitch difference signal with the value (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 is output from port 6 of the sum-difference network.

[0048] S104. After the two signals (AB) / 2 and (CD) / 2 generated by the first-level sum and difference operation are processed by the second-level sum and difference operation consisting of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, the azimuth difference signal with the value (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is output from port 7 of the sum and difference network, and the load signal with the value (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is output from port 8 of the sum and difference network.

[0049] Specifically, the Ku-band monopulse power supply system 1 and the Ka-band monopulse power supply system 2 are implemented on the same principle. The antenna part includes four input ports: 1, 2, 3, and 4. The input signals received from the antenna enter the sum-difference network through ports 1, 2, 3, and 4. After processing by the sum-difference network, corresponding output signals are generated from the output ports 5, 6, 7, and 8. Port 5 outputs the sum signal, ports 6 and 7 output two sets of difference signals: elevation difference and azimuth difference. Port 8 is connected to the load matching and is not used as an output.

[0050] The sum and difference networks of the two-band monopulse feeding system are connected to the array antenna to radiate the monopulse signal in the form of sum beam, elevation difference beam, and azimuth difference beam for target detection and tracking. The monopulse feeding system adopted in this invention, through its compact and miniaturized design, can be applied to the feeding and transmission of dual-band monopulse signals in multi-frequency composite precision guidance systems on missile platforms. It solves the technical problem that existing monopulse feeding systems are often complex in structure and large in size, and are usually used in large space platforms such as ground and shipborne platforms, and cannot meet the application requirements of compact and miniaturized space such as missile platforms.

[0051] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A compact dual-band single-pulse feed system, characterized in that: it comprises a Ku-band single-pulse feed system and a Ka-band single-pulse feed system, the Ku-band single-pulse feed system comprising a waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide sum-and-difference network, and the Ka-band single-pulse feed system comprising a microstrip patch array antenna and a microstrip sum-and-difference network; the Ku-band single-pulse feed system and the Ka-band single-pulse feed system are arranged in layers in space, the Ku-band single-pulse feed system is a planar metal waveguide structure, is distributed on the bottom layer, covers a quartz dielectric substrate directly above the corresponding position of the waveguide slot array antenna, and is slotted at the corresponding position of the slot, and the Ka-band single-pulse feed system is arranged on the quartz dielectric substrate and is distributed on the top layer; the waveguide slot array antenna is composed of 4 waveguide open slots in the H plane in a 2×2 arrangement, is used for transmitting Ku-band beams and receiving Ku-band signals reflected by targets, and transmits the signals to the waveguide sum-and-difference network for processing; the waveguide sum-and-difference network is connected by 4 waveguide 90° phase shifters and 4 waveguide directional couplers, is used for performing sum-and-difference operation on 4 groups of Ku-band signals received by the waveguide slot antenna, and outputs sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals. 2.The compact dual-band single-pulse feed system of claim 1, characterized in that: the microstrip patch array antenna is composed of 4 rectangular copper conductor patches in a 2×2 arrangement, is used for transmitting Ka-band beams and receiving Ka-band signals reflected by targets, and transmits the signals to the microstrip sum-and-difference network for processing. 3.The compact dual-band single-pulse feed system of claim 2, characterized in that: the microstrip sum-and-difference network is connected by 4 microstrip 90° phase shifters and 4 microstrip directional couplers, is used for performing sum-and-difference operation on 4 groups of Ka-band signals received by the microstrip patch antenna, and outputs sum signals, elevation difference signals and azimuth difference signals. 4.The compact dual-band single-pulse feed system of claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the quartz medium substrate =3.78, thickness h=0.127mm, loss tangent value close to 0, which can effectively reduce the size of the microstrip structure and transmission loss.

5. A compact dual-band single-pulse feeding method applied to the compact dual-band single-pulse feeding system of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: signals A and B enter the sum-and-difference network from ports 1 and 2 of the antenna, generate (A+B) / 2 and (A-B) / 2 two-way signals after a first sum-and-difference operation performed by a 90° phase shifter 1 and a directional coupler 1 in the sum-and-difference network, and perform a second sum-and-difference operation; signals C and D enter the sum-and-difference network from ports 3 and 4 of the antenna, generate (C+D) / 2 and (C-D) / 2 two-way signals after a first sum-and-difference operation performed by a 90° phase shifter 2 and a directional coupler 2 in the sum-and-difference network, and perform a second sum-and-difference operation; signals (A+B) / 2 and (C+D) / 2 generated after the first sum-and-difference operation perform a second sum-and-difference operation performed by a 90° phase shifter 3 and a directional coupler 3, output a sum signal with a value of (A+B+C+D) / 4 from a port 5 of the sum-and-difference network, and output an elevation difference signal with a value of (A+B) / 4-(C+D) / 4 from a port 6 of the sum-and-difference network. The two signals of (A-B) / 2 and (C-D) / 2 are inputted into the second difference operation network composed of the 90° phase shifter 4 and the directional coupler 4, and the azimuth difference signal with the value of (A+C) / 4-(B+D) / 4 is outputted from the port 7 of the second difference operation network, and the load signal with the value of (A+D) / 4-(B+C) / 4 is outputted from the port 8 of the second difference operation network.

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