Compositions comprising a coated mineral or mineral-amine acid complex

Abstract

Provided herein are compositions containing mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes wherein at least one of the complexes in the composition has a sustained release coating, and in some cases, other complexes in the composition do not have a sustained release coating. Also provided herein are methods of making and using the composites and the compositions.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 339,044, filed on May 6, 2022. The disclosure of the prior application is considered part of (and incorporated by reference into) the disclosure of the present application. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to compositions containing minerals or complexes containing mineral-amino acid compounds optionally coupled to polysaccharides, and to compositions and methods of making and using such complexes. In the compositions provided herein, one or more of the minerals, mineral-amino acid compounds, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes have a coating that delays the release of the mineral or chelated (or partially chelated) mineral until it reaches the small intestine, which can reduce the possibility of stomach upset. Background Art

[0004] For good health, minerals are needed as part of the human diet. For example, calcium is the main component of bones and teeth, iron is the main component of hemoglobin, copper, magnesium and zinc are cofactors for various enzymes, and manganese and selenium can serve as antioxidants and contribute to endothelial integrity. Mineral deficiency can lead to poor health and specific conditions. The human body requires trace amounts of certain minerals (e.g., calcium, iron, copper and zinc) in soluble form to provide bioavailable metal ions in the bloodstream. However, with the high consumption of processed foods and convenience foods, there is a worry that typical current diets may not contain sufficient levels of such minerals.

[0005] Naturally occurring minerals found in food are usually chelated or bound within an organic matrix. In contrast, minerals found in dietary supplements are typically in the form of inorganic salts, such as mineral sulfates. These inorganic mineral substances are more reactive and can catalyze the production of free radicals, which are associated with various degenerative diseases or conditions in the digestive tract. In addition, certain mineral substances can cause gastric discomfort and may also have relatively low bioavailability. Summary of the invention

[0006] Provided herein are complexes containing minerals, mineral-amino acid compounds, and / or complexes containing mineral-amino acid compounds coupled to polysaccharides, and compositions containing the complexes, and methods for making and using the complexes and compositions. Coating at least some of the minerals, mineral-amino acid compounds, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes in the compositions provided herein to slow or delay the release of the mineral component (e.g., until the complex has entered the small intestine) to reduce the likelihood that the complex will cause stomach discomfort.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention is characterized in that a composition. The composition may include, consist essentially of, or consist of a first complex, wherein the first complex comprises a first compound conjugated to a first polysaccharide, wherein the first compound comprises a first mineral and a first amino acid, and wherein the first complex is coated with a slow release coating. The first mineral may be selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron. The first amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine. The first amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid. The first polysaccharide can be selected from the group consisting of: cellulose, polyhexoses, polypentoses, polydextrose, starch, polygalactan, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof. The first polysaccharide can be selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin, and polydextrose. The sustained-release coating may comprise sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hypromellose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellaburate, ethylcellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl betadex, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglyceride, diglyceride, or any combination thereof. The first complex may be selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex.The composition may further include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0008] In some cases, the composition may further include a second complex comprising a second compound conjugated to a second polysaccharide, wherein the second compound comprises a second mineral and a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second complex is not coated with a sustained release coating. The second mineral may be selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium and molybdenum. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be the same, or the first amino acid and the second amino acid may be different. The first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide can be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, polyhexose, polypentose, polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof. The first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide can be the same, or the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide can be different. The first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide can be selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin and polydextrose. The first complex can be selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex and iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and the second complex can be selected from the group consisting of calcium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, iodine-amino acid / polyfructose complex, magnesium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, potassium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, molybdenum-amino acid / polyfructose complex and boron-amino acid / polyfructose complex. The composition can further include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and phosphorus.

[0009] In another aspect, the present invention features a method for preparing a coated mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex. The method may include or consist essentially of: dry mixing (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh with a combination of (b) a polysaccharide and (c) a sustained-release coating material; granulating the dry-mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and drying the granulated material. Drying may include using a fluidized bed dryer or a drying chamber. The method may further include wet milling the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh, in which case the drying step may include drying the wet-milled granulated material.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention is characterized in that a composition comprises a first compound, is substantially composed of a first compound, or is composed of a first compound, wherein the first compound comprises a first mineral coupled to a first amino acid, wherein the first compound is coated with a sustained-release coating. The first mineral can be selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium and iron. The first amino acid can be selected from the group consisting of: L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine. The first amino acid can be selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid. The sustained-release coating can include sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglyceride, diglyceride or any combination thereof. The first compound can be selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acid, copper-amino acid, selenium-amino acid, manganese-amino acid, chromium-amino acid and iron-amino acid. The composition can further include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and phosphorus.

[0011] In some cases, the composition may further include a second compound, which includes a second mineral coupled to a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second compound is not coated with a sustained-release coating. The second mineral may be selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium and molybdenum. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of: L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid. The first amino acid and the second amino acid may be identical, or the first amino acid and the second amino acid may be different. The first compound may be selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acids, copper-amino acids, selenium-amino acids, manganese-amino acids, chromium-amino acids, and iron-amino acids, and the second compound may be selected from the group consisting of calcium-amino acids, iodine-amino acids, magnesium-amino acids, potassium-amino acids, molybdenum-amino acids, and boron-amino acids. The composition may further comprise one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0012] In yet another aspect, the present invention features a method for making a coated mineral-amino acid compound. The method may include or consist essentially of: dry mixing a combination of (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh and (b) a sustained-release coating material; granulating the dry-mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and drying the granulated material. Drying may include using a fluidized bed dryer or a drying chamber. The method may further include wet grinding the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh.

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention features a method for making a coated mineral-amino acid compound, wherein the method comprises or consists essentially of dry mixing one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh in a fluidized bed, granulating the dry mixed compounds in the fluidized bed, and adding a sustained release coating material to the mineral-amino acid compound during the dry mixing step, during the granulation step, or during the dry mixing step and the granulation step. The method can further include drying the granulated material. The fluidized bed can be in a top spray configuration or a bottom spray configuration.

[0014] The feature of this paper is also a kind of composition, described composition comprises the particle of more than one mineral or mineral salt (mineral salts), is basically made up of the particle of more than one mineral or mineral salt or is made up of the particle of more than one mineral or mineral salt, wherein said particle is coated with slow-release coating.More than one mineral or mineral salt can comprise zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, iron, zinc salt, copper salt, selenium salt, manganese salt, chromium salt and iron salt one or more.Composition can further comprise the particle of more than one mineral or mineral salt, described particle is not coated with slow-release coating.Uncoated particle can comprise magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, molybdenum, sodium, magnesium salt, calcium salt, boron salt, iodine salt, potassium salt, molybdenum salt and sodium salt one or more.In some cases, composition can comprise chromium salt, copper salt, manganese salt, zinc salt, iron salt, sodium salt, magnesium salt and calcium salt. The sustained release coating may include sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oils, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

[0015] As used herein, when used to refer to the weight % in a composition, the term "about" means ±10% of the reported weight %. As used herein, when used to refer to a measured characteristic of a composition, the term "about" means ±20% of the reported value. As used herein, when used to refer to the conditions for making a composition, the term "about" means ±20% of the stated value.

[0016] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used to implement the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event of a conflict, this specification (including definitions) will prevail. In addition, materials, methods and examples are only illustrative and are not intended to be restrictive.

[0017] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1Included are a pair of images showing magnesium powder before (left) and after (right) the granulation and spray coating process.

[0019] Figure 2 Included is a pair of images showing spray coated (left) and non-spray coated (right) magnesium mixed with water. The granulated and spray coated magnesium exhibits delayed dissolution in water when compared to the uncoated magnesium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In some cases, provided herein are complexes including mineral-amino acid compounds optionally conjugated to polysaccharides, and compositions containing two or more mineral-amino acid complexes or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes, methods for making complexes and compositions, and methods for using complexes and compositions. The mineral-amino acid compounds provided herein can be conjugated to each other with the polysaccharides in the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes by any appropriate interaction. For example, the mineral-amino acid compound can be conjugated to the polysaccharide by one or more of a covalent bond, a coordinate covalent bond, a van der Waals interaction, a hydrophobic bond, a hydrogen bond, or an ionic bond.

[0021] The mineral-amino acid compound in the complex and composition provided herein may include any mineral with dietary or health benefits that is chelated, partially chelated, or compounded (e.g., formed into a salt) with an amino acid. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid compound may be a mineral chelated with an amino acid. For example, the mineral-amino acid compound may be a mineral-amino acid complex or salt. Examples of minerals that may be included in the complex include, but are not limited to, chromium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, zinc, selenium, iodine, and any combination thereof.

[0022] Any amino acid that can form a chelate or complex with a mineral can be used in the complexes and compositions provided herein. In some cases, for example, the amino acid portion of a mineral-amino acid compound can include more than one natural or non-natural amino acid. As used herein, the term "natural" amino acid refers to one of twenty common amino acids. Natural amino acids can be in their D or L form. For example, natural amino acids can be selected from the group consisting of: L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, and combinations thereof. In some cases, for example, amino acids can be L-glycine or L-aspartic acid.

[0023] When present, the polysaccharide in the complex and composition provided herein can include any suitable grouping of non-hydrolyzable sugars (monosaccharides) connected together. The non-limiting examples of suitable polysaccharides include cellulose derivatives, polyhexoses and derivatives thereof, and polypentoses and derivatives thereof. In some cases, the complex can include more than one polysaccharide selected from the following: polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, pectin, oligofructose, and derivatives thereof. In some cases, the polysaccharide can be polyfructose (e.g., inulin). When included in the complex provided herein, inulin can have a degree of polymerization in the range of about 2 to about 100 (e.g., about 2 to 10, about 12 to 15, about 20 to 30, about 25 to 45, about 30 to 40, about 50 to 75, about 45 to 65, about 50 to 55, about 70 to 80, about 75 to 90, or about 92 to 100).

[0024] The compositions provided herein containing mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes can include a combination of different mineral-amino acid compounds / polysaccharide complexes, wherein each mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex includes one or more mineral-amino acid compounds conjugated to one or more polysaccharides. For example, the composition can include a first complex containing a first mineral-first amino acid compound conjugated to a first polysaccharide, and a second complex containing a second mineral-second amino acid compound conjugated to a second polysaccharide. It should be noted that various combinations of minerals, amino acids, and polysaccharides can be used in different complexes, and the same type of amino acids and / or polysaccharides can be combined with different minerals.

[0025] Therefore, in some cases, the compositions provided herein include one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, or six or more) mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes. For example, the composition may include two or more of the following: calcium-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, iron-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, iodine-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, magnesium-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, zinc-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, selenium-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, copper-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, manganese-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, molybdenum-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, chromium-amino acid polysaccharide complexes, and boron-amino acid polysaccharide complexes. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complexes may include a mineral-amino acid compound containing 75% aspartate and 25% glycine. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complexes may include polyfructose. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complexes may include inulin having a degree of polymerization in the range of about 2 to about 100. For example, in some cases, the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complexes may include inulin having a degree of polymerization of about 12-15.

[0026] Compositions provided herein containing mineral-amino acid compounds can include combinations of different mineral-amino acid compounds, wherein each mineral-amino acid compound includes more than one mineral coupled to more than one amino acid. For example, a composition can include a first compound containing a first mineral coupled to a first amino acid, and a second compound containing a second mineral coupled to a second amino acid. It should be noted that various combinations of minerals and amino acids can be used in different compounds, and the same type of amino acid can be combined with different minerals, or the same type of mineral can be combined with different amino acids.

[0027] Therefore, in some cases, the compositions provided herein include one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, or six or more) mineral-amino acid compounds. For example, the composition may include two or more of the following: calcium-amino acid compounds, iron-amino acid compounds, iodine-amino acid compounds, magnesium-amino acid compounds, zinc-amino acid compounds, selenium-amino acid compounds, copper-amino acid compounds, manganese-amino acid compounds, molybdenum-amino acid compounds, chromium-amino acid compounds, and boron-amino acid compounds. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid compound may include a mineral-amino acid compound containing about 75% aspartate and about 25% glycine.

[0028] In some cases, provided herein are compositions containing minerals or mineral salts that are not chelated to amino acids and not complexed to polysaccharides. Any mineral with dietary or health benefits may be included. Non-limiting examples of non-chelated, uncomplexed minerals and mineral salts that can be used include calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium citrate, magnesium lactate, chromium chloride, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and any combination thereof.

[0029] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may consist of, or consist essentially of, more than one listed ingredient. "Consisting essentially of" with respect to a composition means that the composition includes the specified ingredients, and may include additional ingredients that do not substantially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition.

[0030] In each composition provided herein, at least one of a mineral or mineral salt, a mineral-amino acid compound, or a mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex has a slow-release coating that can control and / or delay the release of a mineral from the complex, thereby preventing or delaying the dissolution or disintegration of at least one mineral, compound, or complex in the stomach. In some cases, at least one of other minerals or mineral salts, mineral-amino acid compounds, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes in the same composition lacks a slow-release coating. Including a slow-release coating on a mineral or mineral salt, a mineral-amino acid complex, or a mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex can reduce the possibility that a mineral, mineral salt, mineral-amino acid compound, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex will cause stomach discomfort after being applied to a mammal. This can be useful because some minerals are more likely to cause stomach discomfort than other minerals. For example, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron are more likely to cause stomach discomfort after ingestion than some other minerals. Therefore, including a slow-release coating on a compound or complex containing more than one of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron can reduce the possibility that the complex will cause stomach discomfort. The composite without coating can contain other minerals, such as magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, and / or molybdenum. Similarly, including a slow-release coating on one or more minerals or mineral salts including zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium and iron can reduce the possibility that minerals or mineral salts will cause stomach discomfort. Other minerals or mineral salts without coating can also be included, such as magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, molybdenum, sodium, its salts, and any combination thereof. Therefore, in some cases, provided herein is a composition that can include one or more coated minerals selected from zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, iron, and its salts (e.g., chromium, copper, manganese, zinc, and iron, or its salts), and one or more uncoated minerals selected from magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, molybdenum, sodium, and its salts (e.g., sodium, magnesium, and calcium, or its salts).

[0031] Any suitable material can be used in the coating. In some cases, for example, the composites described herein can have a coating including, but not limited to, stearic acid, sodium alginate, carbomer copolymers, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oils, monoglycerides and / or diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

[0032] The compositions provided herein may include more than one coated mineral-amino acid complex or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex. The coated complex in the composition may include a zinc-containing complex, a copper-containing complex, a selenium-containing complex, a manganese-containing complex, a chromium-containing complex, an iron-containing complex, or any combination thereof (e.g., any two, three, four, five, or all six of a zinc-containing complex, a copper-containing complex, a selenium-containing complex, a manganese-containing complex, a chromium-containing complex, and an iron-containing complex). For example, the composition may contain a combination of the following coated complexes: a zinc-containing complex and a copper-containing complex; a zinc-containing complex and a selenium-containing complex; a zinc-containing complex and a manganese-containing complex; a zinc-containing complex and a chromium-containing complex; a zinc-containing complex and an iron-containing complex; a copper-containing complex and a selenium-containing complex; a copper-containing complex and a manganese-containing complex; a copper-containing complex and a chromium-containing complex; a copper-containing complex and an iron-containing complex; a selenium-containing complex and a manganese-containing complex; a selenium-containing complex and a chromium-containing complex; a selenium-containing complex and an iron-containing complex; a manganese-containing complex and a chromium-containing complex; a manganese-containing complex and an iron-containing complex; a chromium-containing complex and an iron-containing complex; Zinc complexes, copper complexes and selenium complexes; zinc complexes, copper complexes and manganese complexes; zinc complexes, copper complexes and chromium complexes; zinc complexes, copper complexes and iron complexes; zinc complexes, selenium complexes and manganese complexes; zinc complexes, selenium complexes and chromium complexes; zinc complexes, selenium complexes and iron complexes; zinc complexes, manganese complexes and chromium complexes; zinc complexes, manganese complexes and iron complexes; zinc complexes, chromium complexes and iron complexes; copper complexes, selenium complexes and manganese complexes; copper complexes, selenium complexes and chromium-containing complexes; copper-containing complexes, selenium-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; copper-containing complexes, manganese-containing complexes, and chromium-containing complexes; copper-containing complexes, manganese-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; copper-containing complexes, chromium-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; selenium-containing complexes, manganese-containing complexes, and chromium-containing complexes; selenium-containing complexes, manganese-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; selenium-containing complexes, chromium-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; manganese-containing complexes, chromium-containing complexes, and iron-containing complexes; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, and manganese-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, and chromium-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, Compounds, selenium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and chromium-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and chromium-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and chromium-containing compounds;Copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; copper-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and chromium-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; zinc-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds; or zinc-containing compounds, copper-containing compounds, selenium-containing compounds, manganese-containing compounds, chromium-containing compounds and iron-containing compounds. ;

[0033] The mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex in the composition provided herein can include any suitable mineral-amino acid compound to polysaccharide ratio. For example, the ratio of mineral-amino acid compound to polysaccharide (by weight) in the complex can be in the range of 10:1 to 1:10 (e.g., 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, or 1:10). In some cases, the complex can have a mineral-amino acid compound to polysaccharide ratio of 5:1 or a mineral-amino acid compound to polysaccharide ratio of 1:1. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex can be zinc aspartate: zinc glycine: inulin (degree of polymerization of 12-15) with a ratio of 50:30:20 by weight. In some cases, the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complex may be iron aspartate:iron glycinate:inulin (degree of polymerization 2-10) having a ratio of 25:25:50 by weight.

[0034] The coated complex in the composition can include any appropriate amount of coating, any appropriate coating to complex ratio and any appropriate coating to mineral-amino acid compound and polysaccharide ratio. For example, the amount of coating in the coated complex can be in the range of about 1 wt % to about 70 wt % (for example, about 1 wt % to 3 wt %, about 3 wt % to 5 wt %, about 5 wt % to 10 wt %, about 10 wt % to 20 wt %, about 20 wt % to 30 wt %, about 30 wt % to 40 wt %, about 40 wt % to 50 wt %, about 50 wt % to 60 wt %, or about 60 wt % to 70 wt %). The ratio of coating to mineral-amino acid compound to polysaccharide can be in the range of 1:100 to 7:10 (e.g., 1:100, 1:50, 3:100, 1:25, 1:20, 3:50, 7:100, 2:25, 9:100, 1:10, 1:5, 3:10, 2:5, 1:2, 3:5, or 7:10). In some cases, for example, the coated complex can include a 6:1:1 ratio of chelated or semi-chelated minerals: polysaccharide: coating by weight.

[0035] The complexes described herein can have properties that distinguish them from simple mixtures of the same mineral-amino acid compound and polysaccharide. For example, a complex of a mineral-amino acid compound and a polysaccharide can diffuse across a 3500 mw cutoff dialysis membrane more slowly than an uncomplexed mixture of the same mineral-amino acid compound and polysaccharide. In addition, the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex can exhibit a Fourier transform near IR (FT-NIR) spectrum different from an uncomplexed mixture of the same mineral-amino acid compound and polysaccharide as determined by industry standard correlation factors.

[0036] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include one or more ingredients in addition to the mineral-amino acid complex or the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex. For example, the composition can include one or more of the following: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus, with or without other botanical and / or dietary ingredients (e.g., fish oil, phosphatidylserine, Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus, Aronia melanocopa, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, Curcuma longa, Bacopa moniera, grape extract, olive extract, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilus), Ginko biloba, or herbs with polyphenols and flavonoids).

[0037] As used herein, the phrase "total daily dose" refers to the amount of active ingredient administered over a 24-hour period. For example, the amount of zinc amino acid polysaccharide complex in the total daily dose is calculated based on the amount of zinc administered over 24 hours, rather than the amount of zinc amino acid polysaccharide complex administered over 24 hours. The total daily dose can be prepared for administration in the form of more than one dosage unit (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 tablets, capsules, gelcaps, sofgels, or gummies). In some cases, more than one dosage unit can be administered in more than one dose (e.g., one, two, three, four, five or six doses) over a 24-hour period, wherein the total amount of active ingredient in more than one dose does not exceed the total daily dose.

[0038] In some cases, the compositions provided herein can be formulated for oral administration and can include suitable excipients, flavoring agents, coloring agents and other ingredients. For oral administration, tablets, capsules, gelatin capsules, soft capsules, or soft candies can be prepared with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients or carriers such as adhesives, fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, or wetting agents. In some cases, for example, the compositions provided herein can include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for administration to a mammal.

[0039] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include pantothenic acid (e.g., as calcium pantothenate). Pantothenic acid can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the compositions may contain pantothenic acid in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 10 mg to about 200 mg (e.g., about 10 to about 25 mg, about 25 to about 50 mg, about 50 to about 100 mg, about 100 to about 150 mg, or about 150 to about 200 mg).

[0040] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include calcium (e.g., as calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium amino acid polysaccharide complex). Calcium can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain calcium in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 200 mg to about 1000 mg (e.g., about 200 to about 250 mg, about 250 to about 500 mg, about 500 to about 750 mg, or about 750 to about 1000 mg).

[0041] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include iron (e.g., as an iron amino acid polysaccharide complex). Iron can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain enough iron to provide a daily dose of about 0.01 mg to about 18 mg (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 mg, about 0.1 to about 0.5 mg, about 0.5 to about 1 mg, about 1 to about 3 mg, about 3 to about 5 mg, about 5 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 15 mg, or about 15 to about 18 mg).

[0042] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include phosphorus (e.g., as dicalcium phosphate). Phosphorus can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the compositions may contain phosphorus in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 0.01 mg to about 300 mg (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 mg, about 0.1 to about 1 mg, about 1 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 50 mg, about 50 to about 100 mg, about 100 to about 200 mg, or about 200 to about 300 mg).

[0043] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include iodine (e.g., as an iodine amino acid polysaccharide complex). Iodine can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain iodine in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 100 μg to about 300 μg (e.g., about 100 to about 150 μg, about 150 to about 200 μg, about 200 to about 250 μg, or about 250 to about 300 μg).

[0044] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include magnesium (e.g., as magnesium oxide, magnesium lactate, magnesium citrate, magnesium amino acid polysaccharide complex). Magnesium can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain magnesium in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 100 to about 400 mg (e.g., about 100 to about 150 mg, about 150 to about 200 mg, about 200 to about 250 mg, about 250 to about 300 mg, or about 300 to about 400 mg).

[0045] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include zinc (e.g., as a zinc amino acid polysaccharide complex). Zinc can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain zinc in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 5 mg to about 30 mg (e.g., about 5 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 15 mg, about 15 to about 20 mg, about 20 to about 25 mg, or about 25 to about 30 mg).

[0046] In some cases, compositions provided herein may include selenium (e.g., as a selenoamino acid polysaccharide complex). Selenium can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, compositions may contain selenium in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 35 μg to about 150 μg (e.g., about 35 to about 50 μg, about 50 to about 75 μg, about 75 to about 100 μg, about 100 to about 125 μg, or about 125 to about 150 μg).

[0047] In some cases, the compositions provided herein can include copper (e.g., as a copper amino acid polysaccharide complex). Copper can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition can contain an amount of ketone sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1 mg to about 5 mg (e.g., about 1 to about 2 mg, about 2 to about 3 mg, about 3 to about 4 mg, or about 4 to about 5 mg).

[0048] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include manganese (e.g., as a manganese amino acid polysaccharide complex). Manganese can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain manganese in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1 mg to about 5 mg (e.g., about 1 to about 2 mg, about 2 to about 3 mg, about 3 to about 4 mg, or about 4 to about 5 mg).

[0049] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include chromium (e.g., as a chromium amino acid polysaccharide complex). Chromium can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain chromium in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 60 μg to about 360 μg (e.g., about 60 to about 100 μg, about 100 to about 150 μg, about 150 to about 200 μg, about 200 to about 250 μg, about 250 to about 300 μg, or about 300 to about 360 μg).

[0050] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include platinum (e.g., as a platinum amino acid polysaccharide complex). Platinum can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain platinum in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 50 μg to about 150 μg (e.g., about 50 to about 75 μg, about 75 to about 100 μg, about 100 to about 125 μg, or about 125 to about 150 μg).

[0051] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include boron (e.g., as a boron amino acid polysaccharide complex). Boron can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain boron in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 0.01 μg to about 300 μg (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 μg, about 0.1 to about 1 μg, about 1 to about 10 μg, about 10 to about 50 μg, about 50 to about 100 μg, about 100 to about 200 μg, or about 200 to about 300 μg).

[0052] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin A (e.g., as beta-carotene). Vitamin A can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin A in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1 IU to about 5000 IU (e.g., about 1 to about 10 IU, about 10 to about 100 IU, about 100 to about 500 IU, about 500 to about 1000 IU, about 1000 to about 2500 IU, or about 2500 to about 5000 IU).

[0053] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin C (e.g., as ascorbic acid). Vitamin C can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin C in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 5 mg to about 1000 mg (e.g., about 5 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 50 mg, about 50 to about 100 mg, about 100 to about 250 mg, about 250 to about 500 mg, or about 500 to about 1000 mg).

[0054] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin D (e.g., as cholecalciferol). Vitamin D can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin D in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1 IU to about 4000 IU (e.g., about 1 to about 10 IU, about 10 to about 100 IU, about 100 to about 500 IU, about 500 to about 1000 IU, about 1000 to about 2000 IU, about 2000 to about 3000 IU, or about 3000 to about 4000 IU).

[0055] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin E (e.g., as d-alpha tocopheryl succinate). Vitamin E can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin E in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 5 IU to about 60 IU (e.g., about 5 to about 10 IU, about 10 to about 20 IU, about 20 to about 30 IU, about 30 to about 40 IU, about 40 to about 50 IU, or about 50 to about 60 IU).

[0056] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin K (e.g., as phytonadione). Vitamin K can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin K in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 0.01 μg to about 56 μg (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1 μg, about 0.1 to about 1 μg, about 1 to about 10 μg, about 10 to about 20 μg, about 20 to about 30 μg, about 30 to about 40 μg, about 40 to about 50 μg, or about 50 to about 56 μg).

[0057] In some cases, the compositions provided herein can include thiamine (e.g., as thiamine hydrochloride (thiaminHCl)). Thiamine can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition can contain thiamine in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1.5 mg to about 15 mg (e.g., about 1.5 to about 2.5 mg, about 2.5 to about 5 mg, about 5 to about 8 mg, about 8 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 12 mg, or about 12 to about 15 mg).

[0058] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include riboflavin. Riboflavin can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain riboflavin in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 1.7 mg to about 17 mg (e.g., about 1.7 to about 2.5 mg, about 2.5 to about 5 mg, about 5 to about 7.5 mg, about 7.5 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 12.5 mg, or about 12.5 to about 15 mg).

[0059] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include niacin (e.g., as niacinamide). Nicotinic acid can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain niacin in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 2 mg to about 100 mg (e.g., about 2 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 25 mg, about 25 to about 50 mg, about 50 to about 100 mg, about 100 to about 150 mg, or about 150 to about 200 mg).

[0060] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin B6 (e.g., as pyridoxine HCl). Vitamin B6 can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin B6 in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 2 mg to about 20 mg (e.g., about 2 to about 5 mg, about 5 to about 8 mg, about 8 to about 10 mg, about 10 to about 15 mg, or about 15 to about 20 mg).

[0061] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include folate (e.g., as folic acid or methyl folate). Folate can be included in any appropriate amount. For example, the composition may contain folate in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 200 μg to about 1200 μg (e.g., about 200 to about 400 μg, about 400 to about 600 μg, about 600 to about 800 μg, about 800 to about 1000 μg, or about 1000 to about 1200 μg).

[0062] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include vitamin B12 (e.g., as cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin). Vitamin B12 can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain vitamin B12 in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 6 μg to about 18 μg (e.g., about 6 to about 8 μg, about 8 to about 10 μg, about 10 to about 12 μg, about 12 to about 14 μg, about 14 to about 16 μg, or about 16 to about 18 μg).

[0063] In some cases, the compositions provided herein may include biotin (e.g., as d-biotin). Biotin can be included in any suitable amount. For example, the composition may contain biotin in an amount sufficient to provide a daily dose of about 20 μg to about 400 μg (e.g., about 20 to about 50 μg, about 50 to about 100 μg, about 100 to about 200 μg, about 200 to about 300 μg, or about 300 to about 400 μg).

[0064] In some cases, the composition may include ingredients as listed in Table 1, or as listed in any of Tables 2-12 (excluding excipients, carriers, or coatings).

[0065] Table 1

[0066]

[0067] Table 2

[0068]

[0069] Table 3

[0070]

[0071] Table 4

[0072]

[0073] Table 5

[0074]

[0075] Table 6

[0076]

[0077] Table 7

[0078]

[0079] Table 8

[0080]

[0081] Table 9

[0082]

[0083] Table 10

[0084]

[0085] Table 11

[0086]

[0087] Table 12

[0088] Calcium carbonate 200-300mg Calcium Citrate 5-10 mg Calcium Gluconate 10-15 mg Calcium lactate 10-20 mg Magnesium carbonate 150-250mg Magnesium Citrate 50-100 mg Magnesium lactate 50-100 mg Chromium chloride 0.1-0.5mg Copper sulfate 1-5 mg Manganese sulfate 2-5 mg Sodium selenite 0.01-0.05mg Zinc sulfate 10-15 mg Ferrous Sulfate 15-20 mg

[0089] Also provided herein are methods for making the compounds and compositions described herein. In some cases, the methods provided herein may consist essentially of the specified steps. "Essentially consisting of" with respect to a method means that the method includes more than one of the specified steps and may contain additional steps that do not substantially affect the basic and novel features of the method.

[0090] In some cases, the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes described herein can be prepared by heating a mixture of water, one or more mineral-amino acid compounds, and one or more polysaccharides at a temperature of about 22°C to about 82°C (e.g., about 22°C, about 27°C, about 32°C, about 37°C, about 42°C, about 47°C, about 47°C, about 52°C, about 57°C, about 62°C, about 67°C, about 72°C, about 77°C, about 82°C, about 22°C to about 27°C, about 27°C to about 32°C, about 32°C to about 37°C, about 37°C to about 42°C, about 42°C to about 47°C, about 47°C to about 52°C, about 52°C to about 57°C, or about 57°C to about 62°C, about 62°C to about 67°C, about 67°C to about 72°C, about 72°C to about 77°C, or about 77°C to about 82°C). The mixture of water, one or more mineral-amino acid compounds and one or more polysaccharides can be heated for any suitable length of time. For example, the mixture of water, one or more mineral-amino acid compounds and one or more polysaccharides can be heated for about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes (for example, about 5 minutes to about 10 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 20 minutes to about 25 minutes or about 25 minutes to about 30 minutes). In some cases, after the heating step, the resulting composite can be dried to reduce the moisture content. For example, the composite can be dried to a moisture content of less than about 15% (for example, less than about 14%, less than about 12%, less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 5% or less than about 2%). Any suitable method can be used for drying the composite. It should be noted that the drying time and temperature can vary according to the mineral in the composite dried. For example, the composite containing zinc can be dried at a higher temperature and / or last longer than the composite containing other minerals.

[0091] In some cases, a combination of water, one or more mineral amino acid compounds, and one or more polysaccharides can be mixed at room temperature (e.g., in a high shear mixer) and then heated in a drying oven to achieve a moisture content of less than about 15% (e.g., less than about 14%, less than about 12%, less than about 10%, less than about 8%, less than about 5%, or less than about 2%). The mixture can be heated for any suitable length of time to achieve the desired moisture content. For example, a mixture of water, one or more mineral-amino acid compounds, and one or more polysaccharides can be heated for about 30 minutes to about 8 hours (e.g., about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 4 hours to about 6 hours, or about 6 hours to about 8 hours).

[0092] In some cases, the methods provided herein for making the coated minerals or composites described herein can include more than one of the following steps.

[0093] Initially, one or more minerals such as zinc, manganese, iron, copper, selenium and chromium can be independently chelated with an amino acid (e.g., glycine or aspartic acid) in the presence of sodium hydroxide via granulation with water at a temperature of about 65° C. to about 85° C. (e.g., about 65° C. to about 70° C., about 70° C. to about 75° C., about 75° C. to about 80° C., or about 80° C. to about 85° C.). Once the reaction process is complete, the mineral-amino acid compound can be dried at a temperature between 40° C. and 80° C., and can then be ground to a particle size of about 10 to 200 mesh (e.g., 10 to 30 mesh, 30 to 50 mesh, 50 to 70 mesh, 70 to 80 mesh, 80 to 90 mesh, 90 to 100 mesh, 100 to 120 mesh, 120 to 140 mesh, 140 to 160 mesh, 160 to 180 mesh, or 180 to 200 mesh).

[0094] In some cases, the mineral-amino acid compounds produced as described above (or commercially available mineral-amino acid materials that are fully or partially chelated and meet the 10 to 200 mesh particle size standard) can be combined with a polysaccharide (e.g., polyfructose and / or inulin) and a coating material (e.g., stearic acid, sodium alginate, or any other suitable coating material).

[0095] In some cases, the combined mineral-amino acid compound and (when included) polysaccharide, with or without a coating material, may be mixed using a method that produces a homogenous mixture of the two ingredients (e.g., dry blending). It should be noted that in some cases, the coating material may be included in the blend, while in other cases, the coating material may be dissolved in the granulation solvent and introduced after this step. Generally, the more vigorously the ingredients are agitated, the better they will bind together.

[0096] The mixed material can then be granulated (e.g., in a high shear granulator), which can provide additional high intensity mixing of the components of the composite. In some cases, the materials can be mixed (e.g., dry mixed) and granulated in a fluidized bed using either a top spray or bottom spray configuration. In such cases, the coating material can be added during the mixing stage (e.g., during the dry mixing stage), added to the granulation solution, or both.

[0097] The granulated material can then be subjected to wet milling to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh (e.g., 10 to 20 mesh, 20 to 30 mesh, 30 to 40 mesh, 40 to 50 mesh, 50 to 60 mesh, 60 to 70 mesh, 70 to 80 mesh, 80 to 90 mesh, 90 to 100 mesh, or less than 100 mesh). Wet milling can be performed, for example, with a conical mill.

[0098] The ground material can then be dried. In some cases, for example, the ground material can be dried in a fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of about 20°C to about 100°C (for example, about 20°C to about 40°C, about 40°C to about 60°C, about 60°C to about 80°C or about 80°C to about 100°C) for about 30 minutes to about 8 hours (for example, about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 4 hours to about 6 hours or about 6 hours to about 8 hours), this can achieve the drying of material in a relatively gentle manner, and can avoid needing further grinding steps at the end of the process, therefore maintaining the integrity of the coated particles. In some cases, the dried granules can be screened through a vibrating or centrifugal screen using a screen size between 10 and 200 mesh (e.g., 10 to 30 mesh, 30 to 50 mesh, 50 to 70 mesh, 70 to 80 mesh, 80 to 90 mesh, 90 to 100 mesh, or 100 to 120 mesh, 120 to 140 mesh, 140 to 160 mesh, 160 to 180 mesh, or 180 to 200 mesh).

[0099] When non-chelated minerals or mineral salts are used, the minerals or mineral salts may be optionally ground to a particle size of about 10 to 200 meshes (e.g., 10 to 30 meshes, 30 to 50 meshes, 50 to 70 meshes, 70 to 80 meshes, 80 to 90 meshes, 90 to 100 meshes, 100 to 120 meshes, 120 to 140 meshes, 140 to 160 meshes, 160 to 180 meshes, or 180 to 200 meshes). Particles of more than one mineral or mineral salt (e.g., more than one of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, iron, and salts thereof) may be combined with a coating material (e.g., stearic acid, sodium alginate, or any other suitable coating material). In some cases, the minerals or mineral salts may be mixed with or without a coating material using a method (e.g., dry mixing) that produces a homogenous mixture. It should be noted that in some cases the coating material may be included in the mixture, while in other cases the coating material may be dissolved in the granulation solvent and introduced after this step. Generally, the more vigorously the ingredients are agitated, the better they will bind together.

[0100] The mixed mineral or mineral salt material can then be granulated (e.g., in a high shear granulator), which can provide additional high intensity mixing of the components of the composite. In some cases, the material can be mixed (e.g., dry mixed) and granulated in a fluidized bed using either a top spray or bottom spray configuration. In such cases, the coating material can be added during the mixing stage (e.g., during the dry mixing stage), added to the granulation solution, or both.

[0101] The granulated material can then be subjected to wet milling to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh (e.g., 10 to 20 mesh, 20 to 30 mesh, 30 to 40 mesh, 40 to 50 mesh, 50 to 60 mesh, 60 to 70 mesh, 70 to 80 mesh, 80 to 90 mesh, 90 to 100 mesh, or less than 100 mesh). Wet milling can be performed, for example, with a conical mill.

[0102] The ground material can then be dried. In some cases, for example, the ground material can be dried in a fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of about 20°C to about 100°C (for example, about 20°C to about 40°C, about 40°C to about 60°C, about 60°C to about 80°C or about 80°C to about 100°C) for about 30 minutes to about 8 hours (for example, about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 2 hours to about 4 hours, about 4 hours to about 6 hours or about 6 hours to about 8 hours), this can achieve the drying of material in a relatively gentle manner, and can avoid needing further grinding steps at the end of the process, therefore maintaining the integrity of the coated particles. In some cases, the dried granules can be screened through a vibrating or centrifugal screen using a screen size between 10 and 200 mesh (e.g., 10 to 30 mesh, 30 to 50 mesh, 50 to 70 mesh, 70 to 80 mesh, 80 to 90 mesh, 90 to 100 mesh, or 100 to 120 mesh, 120 to 140 mesh, 140 to 160 mesh, 160 to 180 mesh, or 180 to 200 mesh).

[0103] Compared with uncompounded minerals (for example, mineral sulfate, chloride, citrate or gluconate), mineral-amino acid compounds and mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes described herein can reduce the formation of free radicals in the intestinal tract. In some cases, mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes can be iron-amino acid / polyfructose complexes or copper-amino acid / polyfructose complexes, or iron-glycinate / inulin, iron-aspartic acid / inulin or copper-glycinate / inulin complexes. In some cases, uncompounded minerals can be inorganic salts (for example, mineral sulfate, chloride or oxide). The reduction of the formation of free radicals can include, for example, the reduction of the formation of reactive oxygen species (reactive oxygen species, ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, peroxides and superoxide radicals. ROS can initiate a free radical chain reaction in vivo. For example, uncompounded minerals provided in dietary supplements can catalyze the formation of ROS, which can oxidize one or more antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid, tocopherols, carotenoids, lipoic acid, natural plant phenols and flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) from dietary supplements. Without being bound by theory, compounded minerals can be protected by amino acids and / or polysaccharides and are therefore less able to catalyze free radical formation. When compounded minerals are administered in the form of dietary supplements, the reduction in the formation of free radicals can reduce the oxidation of any antioxidants also present in the dietary supplement.

[0104] Therefore, further provided herein is a method for providing a mixture of minerals and antioxidants with reduced mineral-catalyzed oxidation to mammals. In some cases, the method may include administering a composition containing minerals and antioxidants to a mammal, wherein the mineral is in the form of a mineral-amino acid complex or a mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex as described herein; and, wherein the mineral-amino acid complex or the mineral-amino acid polysaccharide complex exhibits a reduced antioxidant mineral-catalyzed oxidation compared to the corresponding uncompounded mineral or the mineral administered as an inorganic salt. For example, compared to the level of oxidation that would occur using the corresponding uncompounded mineral or the mineral administered as an inorganic salt, the reduced oxidation may be, for example, at least 10% reduction (e.g., at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% reduction) of oxidation.

[0105] In addition to the stabilization of antioxidants present in dietary supplements, the reduction in the formation of free radicals can also reduce the oxidation of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. In some cases, oxidative damage to biomolecules can lead to the formation of many different intermediate free radicals, including toxic and / or pathogenic products. Such free radical species can alter the structure and / or function of biomolecules and can cause, for example, degenerative diseases, inflammation, cancer, and atherosclerosis.

[0106] The present disclosure provides methods for reducing the formation of free radicals, reducing the amount of free radicals, and reducing antioxidant oxidation in mammals or cells using one or more minerals or mineral salts, mineral-amino acid complexes, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes as described herein. For example, complexes such as iron-amino acid / polysaccharide or copper-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes can be used to reduce the formation and / or amount of free radicals, and to reduce antioxidant oxidation in mammals or cells (e.g., intestinal cells). In some cases, after ingesting a composition provided herein containing one or more mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes, reduced free radical formation and / or amount and reduced antioxidant oxidation may occur in the intestine of a mammal.

[0107] In some cases, the methods provided herein may include contacting cells in vitro with a composition containing a mineral or mineral salt as described herein, a mineral-amino acid complex, or a mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex, wherein contacting results in reduced free radical formation, reduced free radical amount, and / or reduced antioxidants (e.g., selected from ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, lipoic acid, natural plant phenols and flavonoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) oxidation in the cell. For example, contacting can be performed using cells in which there are free radicals or antioxidants. In some cases, in vitro methods can be performed in cell-free culture media. The purposes of such in vitro methods for reducing the formation of free radicals include, but are not limited to, purposes in screening tests (e.g., wherein mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes are used as positive controls or standards for comparing compounds with unknown activity or efficacy in reducing free radical formation).

[0108] In some cases, the method can be used in vivo, for example, to reduce free radical formation, reduce the amount of free radicals, and / or reduce antioxidant oxidation. Such methods can be carried out by, for example, contacting cells in vivo (for example, in mammals) with two or more minerals or mineral salts, mineral-amino acid complexes, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes as described herein, wherein at least one of the mineral or mineral salt, mineral-amino acid complex, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex has a sustained-release coating. In some cases, the method can include administering to mammals a composition containing two or more mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes, wherein at least one of the mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes has a sustained-release coating, and wherein the composition is administered in an effective amount to, for example, reduce free radical formation. The complex applied to cells or mammals can also include a mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex without a sustained-release coating.

[0109] In some cases, the methods provided herein can be used to treat diseases or clinical conditions (e.g., degenerative diseases, inflammation, cancer, or arteriosclerosis) in mammals or reduce their possibility by reducing free radical formation and / or free radical amount in mammals. The method can include administering an effective amount of a composition provided herein to a mammal, wherein the composition includes two or more minerals or mineral salts, mineral-amino acid complexes, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes, and wherein at least one of the minerals or mineral salts, mineral-amino acid complexes, or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes has a sustained-release coating, and at least one of the mineral-amino acid complexes or mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complexes does not have a sustained-release coating. The effective amount of the composition or complex can be, for example, a daily dose as described in the table herein.

[0110] Exemplary embodiments

[0111] Embodiment 1 is a composition comprising a first complex comprising a first compound conjugated to a first polysaccharide, wherein the first compound comprises a first mineral and a first amino acid, and wherein the first complex is coated with a sustained release coating.

[0112] Embodiment 2 is the composition of embodiment 1, wherein the first mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron.

[0113] Embodiment 3 is the composition of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine.

[0114] Embodiment 4 is the composition of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

[0115] Embodiment 5 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the first polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hexose, pentosan, polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof.

[0116] Embodiment 6 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the first polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin and polydextrose.

[0117] Embodiment 7 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglyceride, diglyceride, or any combination thereof.

[0118] Embodiment 8 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the first complex is selected from the group consisting of: zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex and iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex.

[0119] Embodiment 9 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0120] Embodiment 10 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, further comprising a second complex comprising a second compound conjugated to a second polysaccharide, wherein the second compound comprises a second mineral and a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second complex is not coated with a sustained release coating.

[0121] Embodiment 11 is the composition of embodiment 10, wherein the second mineral is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, and molybdenum.

[0122] Embodiment 12 is the composition of embodiment 10 or embodiment 11, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine.

[0123] Embodiment 13 is the composition of embodiment 10 or embodiment 11, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

[0124] Embodiment 14 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 13, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are the same.

[0125] Embodiment 15 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 13, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are different.

[0126] Embodiment 16 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 15, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hexose, pentosan, polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof.

[0127] Embodiment 17 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 16, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are the same.

[0128] Embodiment 18 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 16, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are different.

[0129] Embodiment 19 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 18, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin and polydextrose.

[0130] Embodiment 20 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 19, wherein the first complex is selected from the group consisting of: zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex and iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and wherein the second complex is selected from the group consisting of: calcium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, iodine-amino acid / polyfructose complex, magnesium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, potassium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, molybdenum-amino acid / polyfructose complex and boron-amino acid / polyfructose complex.

[0131] Embodiment 21 is the composition of any one of embodiments 10 to 20, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0132] Embodiment 22 is a method for manufacturing a coated mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing a combination of (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh with (b) a polysaccharide and (c) a sustained-release coating material; granulating the dry-mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and drying the granulated material.

[0133] Embodiment 23 is the method of embodiment 22, wherein the drying comprises using a fluidized bed dryer.

[0134] Embodiment 24 is the method of embodiment 22 or embodiment 23, further comprising wet grinding the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh.

[0135] Embodiment 25 is a composition comprising a first compound comprising a first mineral coupled to a first amino acid, wherein the first compound is coated with a sustained release coating.

[0136] Embodiment 26 is the composition of embodiment 25, wherein the first mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron.

[0137] Embodiment 27 is the composition of embodiment 25 or embodiment 26, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine.

[0138] Embodiment 28 is the composition of embodiment 25 or embodiment 26, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

[0139] Embodiment 29 is the composition of any one of embodiments 25 to 28, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

[0140] Embodiment 30 is the composition of any one of embodiments 25 to 29, wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acids, copper-amino acids, selenium-amino acids, manganese-amino acids, chromium-amino acids, and iron-amino acids.

[0141] Embodiment 31 is the composition of any one of embodiments 25 to 30, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0142] Embodiment 32 is the composition of any one of embodiments 25 to 31, further comprising a second compound comprising a second mineral coupled to a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second compound is not coated with a sustained release coating.

[0143] Embodiment 33 is the composition of embodiment 32, wherein the second mineral is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, and molybdenum.

[0144] Embodiment 34 is the composition of embodiment 32 or embodiment 33, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-valine.

[0145] Embodiment 35 is the composition of embodiment 32 or embodiment 33, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

[0146] Embodiment 36 is the composition of any one of embodiments 32 to 35, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are the same.

[0147] Embodiment 37 is the composition of any one of embodiments 32 to 35, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are different.

[0148] Embodiment 38 is the composition of any one of embodiments 32 to 37, wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of zinc-amino acids, copper-amino acids, selenium-amino acids, manganese-amino acids, chromium-amino acids, and iron-amino acids, and wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of calcium-amino acids, iodine-amino acids, magnesium-amino acids, potassium-amino acids, molybdenum-amino acids, and boron-amino acids.

[0149] Embodiment 39 is the composition of any one of embodiments 32 to 38, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

[0150] Embodiment 40 is a method for manufacturing a coated mineral-amino acid compound, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing a combination of (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh and (b) a sustained-release coating material; granulating the dry-mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and drying the granulated material.

[0151] Embodiment 41 is the method of embodiment 40, wherein the drying comprises using a fluidized bed dryer.

[0152] Embodiment 42 is the method of embodiment 40 or embodiment 41, further comprising wet grinding the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh.

[0153] Embodiment 43 is a method for making a coated mineral-amino acid compound, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh in a fluidized bed; granulating the dry mixed compounds in a fluidized bed; and adding a sustained release coating material to the mineral-amino acid compound during the dry mixing step, during the granulation step, or during the dry mixing step and the granulation step.

[0154] Embodiment 44 is the method of embodiment 43, further comprising drying the granulated material.

[0155] Embodiment 45 is the method of Embodiment 43 or Embodiment 44, wherein the fluidized bed is in a top spray configuration.

[0156] Embodiment 46 is the method of Embodiment 43 or Embodiment 44, wherein the fluidized bed is in a bottom spray configuration.

[0157] Embodiment 47 is a composition comprising particles of one or more minerals or mineral salts, wherein the particles are coated with a sustained release coating.

[0158] Embodiment 48 is the composition of embodiment 47, wherein the one or more minerals or mineral salts comprise one or more of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, iron, zinc salts, copper salts, selenium salts, manganese salts, chromium salts, and iron salts.

[0159] Embodiment 49 is the composition of embodiment 47 or embodiment 48, further comprising particles of one or more minerals or mineral salts, the particles not being coated with a sustained release coating.

[0160] Embodiment 50 is the composition of embodiment 49, wherein the uncoated particles comprise one or more of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, molybdenum, sodium, magnesium salts, calcium salts, boron salts, iodine salts, potassium salts, molybdenum salts, and sodium salts.

[0161] Embodiment 51 is the composition of embodiment 49 or embodiment 50, wherein the composition comprises: chromium salts, copper salts, manganese salts, zinc salts, iron salts, sodium salts, magnesium salts, and calcium salts.

[0162] Embodiment 52 is the composition of any one of embodiments 47 to 51, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

[0163] The present invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.

[0164] Example

[0165] The coated magnesium-amino acid / polysaccharide samples were prepared in a top spray fluidized bed using sodium alginate as the film-forming polymer. The process included a high shear granulation step followed by a fluidized bed coating step.

[0166] The high shear granulation step was carried out in a Kitchen Aid mixer, where 500 grams of magnesium bisglycinate was granulated using 40°C water and a 2% solution of sodium alginate. The amount of granulation solution used was 125 grams, resulting in 2.5 grams, or 0.5% by weight, of sodium alginate input to the granulation. The granulation was then dried at 65°C for 12 hours. After drying, the material was passed through a 20 mesh screen to remove any lumps.

[0167] For the coating step, the material was then transferred to a Freund-Vector fluidized bed (Model # FL-Multi-1; Freund-Vector Corp., Marion, IA) and spray coated using the following process parameters:

[0168] Spray coating solution: 750g water and 10g sodium alginate

[0169] Inlet air temperature: 70℃

[0170] Product temperature: 45℃

[0171] Airflow setting: 1.25CFU / m

[0172] Injection pump RPM 6.3

[0173] Nozzle air pressure 9.5psi

[0174] Spraying was continued for 9.2 hours, at which time spraying was stopped and drying was continued for 30 minutes at an inlet temperature of 70°C. The material was allowed to cool for 45 minutes and then passed through a 12 mesh screen to remove lumps. The total sodium alginate content in the finished product was 2.5% by weight.

[0175] Images of the coated material relative to the uncoated material are shown in Figure 1When 25 g of coated or uncoated material was mixed with 450 mL of 37°C water, the uncoated material substantially dissolved in about 20 minutes, while the coated material was largely undissolved in the same period of time. Thus, granulation and coating delayed the release of highly soluble magnesium chelate into solution.

[0176] Other Implementations

[0177] It should be understood that although the present invention has been described in conjunction with its detailed description, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages and modifications are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition comprising a first complex comprising a first compound conjugated to a first polysaccharide, wherein the first compound comprises a first mineral and a first amino acid, and wherein the first complex is coated with a sustained-release coating.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium and iron.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hexose, pentosan, polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin and polydextrose.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

8. The composition according to claim 1, Wherein the first complex is selected from the group consisting of: Zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and Iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex.

9. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and phosphorus.

10. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a second complex comprising a second compound conjugated to a second polysaccharide, wherein the second compound comprises a second mineral and a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second complex is not coated with a sustained release coating.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the second mineral is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium and molybdenum.

12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine.

13. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

14. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are the same.

15. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are different.

16. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hexose, pentosan, polydextrose, starch, polygalactose, polymannan, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin, polyfructose, inulin, pectin, and derivatives thereof.

17. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are the same.

18. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are different.

19. The composition of claim 10, wherein the first polysaccharide and the second polysaccharide are selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, polyfructose, inulin and polydextrose.

20. The composition according to claim 10, Wherein the first complex is selected from the group consisting of: Zinc-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Copper-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Selenium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Manganese-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Chromium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and Iron-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and wherein the second complex is selected from the group consisting of: Calcium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Iodine-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Magnesium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Potassium-amino acid / polyfructose complex, Molybdenum-amino acid / polyfructose complex, and Boron-amino acid / polyfructose complex.

21. The composition according to claim 10, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and phosphorus.

22. A method for producing a coated mineral-amino acid / polysaccharide complex, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh with a combination of (b) a polysaccharide and (c) a sustained release coating material; granulating the dry mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and The granulated material is dried.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the drying comprises using a fluidized bed dryer.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising wet grinding the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh.

25. A composition comprising a first compound comprising a first mineral coupled to a first amino acid, wherein the first compound is coated with a sustained release coating.

26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the first mineral is selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, and iron.

27. The composition of claim 25, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine.

28. The composition of claim 25, wherein the first amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

29. The composition of claim 25, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

30. The composition according to claim 25, Wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of: Zinc-amino acid, Copper-amino acid, Selenium-amino acids, Manganese-amino acid, Chromium-amino acids, and Iron-amino acids.

31. The composition of claim 25, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

32. The composition of claim 25, further comprising a second compound comprising a second mineral coupled to a second amino acid, wherein the second mineral is different from the first mineral, and wherein the second compound is not coated with a sustained release coating.

33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the second mineral is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium and molybdenum.

34. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine.

35. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are selected from the group consisting of L-glycine and L-aspartic acid.

36. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are the same.

37. The composition of claim 32, wherein the first amino acid and the second amino acid are different.

38. The composition according to claim 32, Wherein the first compound is selected from the group consisting of: Zinc-amino acid, Copper-amino acid, Selenium-amino acids, Manganese-amino acid, Chromium-amino acids, and Iron-amino acids, And wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of: Calcium-amino acids, Iodine-amino acid, Magnesium-amino acid, Potassium - amino acids, Molybdenum-amino acids, and Boron-amino acid.

39. The composition of claim 32, further comprising one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid, and phosphorus.

40. A method for producing a coated mineral-amino acid compound, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing a combination of (a) one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh and (b) a sustained release coating material; granulating the dry mixed combination to produce a granulated material; and The granulated material is dried.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the drying comprises using a fluidized bed dryer.

42. The method of claim 40, further comprising wet grinding the granulated material to reduce the particle size of the material to less than 10 mesh.

43. A method for producing a coated mineral-amino acid compound, wherein the method comprises: dry mixing one or more mineral-amino acid compounds having a particle size of less than about 80 mesh in a fluidized bed; granulating the dry mixed compound in a fluidized bed; and The sustained release coating material is added to the mineral-amino acid compound during the dry mixing step, during the granulation step, or during the dry mixing step and the granulation step.

44. The method of claim 43, further comprising drying the granulated material.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein the fluidized bed is in a top spray configuration.

46. ​​The method of claim 43, wherein the fluidized bed is in a bottom spray configuration.

47. A composition comprising particles of one or more minerals or mineral salts, wherein the particles are coated with a sustained release coating.

48. The composition of claim 47, wherein the one or more minerals or mineral salts comprise one or more of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, chromium, iron, zinc salts, copper salts, selenium salts, manganese salts, chromium salts, and iron salts.

49. The composition of claim 47, further comprising particles of one or more minerals or mineral salts, said particles not being coated with a sustained release coating.

50. The composition of claim 49, wherein the uncoated particles comprise one or more of magnesium, calcium, boron, iodine, potassium, molybdenum, sodium, magnesium salts, calcium salts, boron salts, iodine salts, potassium salts, molybdenum salts, and sodium salts.

51. The composition of claim 49, wherein the composition comprises: Chromium salts, Copper salts, Manganese salts, Zinc salts, Iron salts, Sodium salt, Magnesium salts, and Calcium salt.

52. The composition of claim 47, wherein the sustained release coating comprises sodium alginate, stearic acid, carbomer copolymer, shellac, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, glyceryl monooleate, pregelatinized modified starch, glyceryl monostearate, guar gum, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate dispersion, pregelatinized starch, xanthan gum, alginic acid, locust bean gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, monoglycerides, diglycerides, or any combination thereof.

Images