Reconfigurable webs and embodiments thereof

Abstract

A reconfigurable web having opposing webs includes direction sensitive displacement promoting elements to displace the web in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally rigid and flat surface, and force transmitting elements to allow the web to be curled or folded in at least one direction when the web is flat, and is rigid in at least one other direction to simulate a rigid monolithic board. In some embodiments, the main web is continuous or semi-continuous. The webs can be implemented in many ways, including for covering solid uneven base surfaces and reconstructing surfaces, and in combination with coupling panel connection systems, parquet systems, chaining material leveling systems, and hinges for uninterrupted surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reconfigurable elements. More specifically, this invention relates to reconfigurable webs and their implementations, including unrollable coupling panel connection systems, which can be embodied by unrollable tenon and groove connection systems. Background Technology

[0002] Rollable webs are known for covering large, flat surfaces (including walls and ceilings), and when slowly unrolled, these webs can be several meters (e.g., 10 meters or more) long. Typical surface-coverable rollable webs include wallpaper, bitumen waterproofing for roofs, and PVC sheets for wall coverings. While these rollable webs effectively cover surfaces, they are practically only suitable for flat surfaces. If a conventional rollable web is applied to an uneven surface, the cover will take on an uneven shape and become unsightly. When a thick layer of bonding material is applied between the web and the surface, it often results in an amorphous web shape because the web cannot be flattened on a predefined surface.

[0003] Rigid veneers, such as those in standard sizes (e.g., 260x120cm) of drywall, can be applied to uneven substrates while maintaining their planar shape and providing an aesthetically pleasing appearance. However, there are several disadvantages associated with using veneers to cover substrates. First, veneers are smaller than rollable webs and must be applied individually to the substrate through a time-consuming process, especially when the veneer is fully attached. Second, another time-consuming process is required to conceal the joints formed between each adjacent veneer. Third, the veneer is less portable on construction sites due to the limited visibility of workers transporting such relatively large standard-sized veneers and the difficulty in maneuvering it across obstacles and through small openings and gaps. Fourth, transporting large veneers on scaffolding poses safety risks. Workers transporting large veneers outdoors (such as on scaffolding or on sloping building roofs) and having to contend with gusts of wind attempting to overturn the veneer also face safety risks.

[0004] It is desirable to provide a web that combines a foldable or rollable web with a monolithic surface to benefit from the advantages of both types of surfaces.

[0005] It is desirable to provide a reconfigurable web that can flatten both flat and uneven surfaces to produce an aesthetically pleasing appearance. The web of the present invention possesses this capability, and thus paves the way for numerous useful applications, as will become apparent as the description proceeds.

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel web having predefined features that allow scaling between foldable or rollable webs and monolithic surfaces.

[0007] The object of this invention is to provide a reconfigurable web that can reliably flatten on both flat and uneven surfaces. An additional object of this invention is to provide a reconfigurable web that combines the advantages of rollable webs and rigid monolithic sheets. An additional object of this invention is to provide a versatile reconfigurable web that can be implemented in many different ways. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention relates to a reconfigurable web that possesses both the characteristics of a reconfigurable web that is not resistant to shape changes and the characteristics of a monolithic sheet that resists shape changes in at least one construction range and at least one direction. In many embodiments, these two characteristics can be achieved using an interactive component designed to mimic the appearance and function of both the reconfigurable web and the monolithic sheet.

[0009] A reconfigurable web having opposing widths, the opposing widths including a master width, the web including a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator disposed within the thickness of the web for facilitating at least one portion of the web to curl or fold in at least one direction to form a unidirectional rigid and flat surface; and a force transmission device adapted to configure the web with a predetermined structure by which the web, when flat, is curlable or foldable in at least one direction and rigid in at least one other direction to simulate a rigid monolithic sheet, wherein the web is endowed with the following characteristics:

[0010] a. The main layout is continuous or semi-continuous;

[0011] b. A continuous or semi-continuous main web can be attached to a common sheet optionally configured with additional force transmission devices or to a laminate, while the common sheet or laminate remains undamaged and undetached at any attachment point and for any construction of the web, wherein, when using a common sheet or laminate, the common sheet or laminate provides the illusion of a rigid veneer.

[0012] c. When the sheet is flat, its load-bearing capacity and resistance to deformation in at least one direction are similar to those of a rigid monolithic sheet;

[0013] d. The orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator is configured to prevent the transmission of shear and axial forces when the web is uneven;

[0014] e. The force transmission device is configured to prevent force transmission to the common sheet and laminate when in use and when the web is flat;

[0015] as well as

[0016] f. When the web is flattened and loaded during use, the stress within the web is dispersed in more than one direction.

[0017] Webs endowed with the characteristic 'af' will be called 'reinforced webs'.

[0018] The following definitions are provided to help readers practice this invention:

[0019] 1) The term "web" means a flexible, foldable, rollable, or rigid repositionable element, segmented or unsegmented, wherein at least one of its absolute dimensions is changed when reset from an uneven state to a flat state, and vice versa. Web thickness can range from millimeters to meters. Any conventional sheet (such as carpet, wallpaper, and flexible sheets used for surface covering) is also considered a web.

[0020] 2) The term “main sheet” means a functional sheet that interacts with another surface, is directed at the user, and is sometimes composed of a common sheet or laminate.

[0021] 3) The term “direction” means the direction in which at least one point of the web is oriented when it undergoes translational or rotational displacement, for example, forward or backward relative to translational displacement, and clockwise or counterclockwise relative to rotational displacement.

[0022] 4) The term "direction-sensitive displacement amplification device" means one or more elements that collectively define the relative displacement of different portions of the web. In some embodiments, the direction-sensitive displacement amplification device functions as a stop to limit the range of displacement of the web in a particular direction. In some embodiments, the direction-sensitive displacement amplification device also functions as a force transmission device.

[0023] 5) The term “force transmission device” means one or more elements that transmit all the forces generated within a web when it is flattened and subsequently rolled or folded in at least one direction in which the web is presented as a single sheet.

[0024] 6) The terms "foldable" or "rollable" refer to a change in the angular distribution of the first web portion relative to the second web portion, where the web offers no significant resistance to folding or rolling operations, whether due to a sufficiently small internal torque that can be overcome by hand force or due to the lack of such internal torque. Folding is possible even without producing a distinctive fold line. Conversely, "flexible web" is elastically deformable by overcoming significant resistance to the web, while generally maintaining a continuous curvature. Furthermore, elements that can be rolled or folded by definition are not necessarily foldable or rollable, and may require overcoming significant resistance to folding or rolling operations.

[0025] 7) The term “flat” means a predetermined construction of a single design, which is usually planar, but can also be other shapes, thereby instantly transforming the web into a web with monolithic panel characteristics. “Flat” can be a specific feature of the web that is a result of the web structure in order to achieve a flat construction, but it can also simply be the desired construction of the web, rather than a result of a specific web structure.

[0026] 8) The term “rigid” means including the characteristics of a single plate with resistance to deformation.

[0027] 9) The term "unidirectional rigid" means a state in which at least one direction of the flat web behaves as a single sheet and has resistance to deformation (including bending deformation), and at least one other direction of the flat web can be rolled or folded without constraint. When muscular forces are applied, a unidirectional rigid and flat web is not plastically deformable or damaged unless the web is weakened due to economic and implementation considerations.

[0028] 10) "Continuous web" means that any line within the main web has a constant length for all constructions of the web. "Semi-continuous web" means that the axis of rotation is spaced from the main web in a manner that does not cause any damage to the attached laminations or other types of fine coverings.

[0029] 11) The term “segmented” means that a web comprises a series of discrete members connected in series and internal web surfaces, such that during folding or rolling, at least one internal web surface contact is intermittently established and terminated, or corresponding internal web surfaces slide along each other. Conversely, the term “unsegmented” means that a web lacks any internal web surfaces that intermittently establish and terminate contact during folding or rolling, or corresponding internal web surfaces that slide along each other.

[0030] 12) The term “common sheet” means a force-transferring element that is used during folding or rolling or, in certain situations, when the web is stretched, and that, when applied, the element is able to transfer force between different sections of the segmented web.

[0031] 13) The terms “laminated sheet,” “laminated layer,” and “laminated” are interchangeable and mean a sheet that, when applied, has aesthetic value and is not a force-transmitting element. A common sheet can be used as a laminate. When a laminate is bonded to a bonded common sheet, the common sheet constitutes the master sheet.

[0032] 14) The term “or” includes the meaning of “and / or”.

[0033] The orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator is configured to prevent the transmission of shear and axial forces to the laminate or common sheet when the reinforcing web is uneven. When the common sheet constitutes the orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator, the common sheet absorbs the transmitted shear and axial forces. In some embodiments employing a common sheet and an additional orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator, the transmission of shear and axial forces to the common sheet is generally prevented.

[0034] By using a reinforcing web to form a unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface, a new method can be introduced for performing countless operations that have been performed in various ways to date. Numerous applications can also be advantageously implemented using a reinforcing web. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, reinforcing webs offer at least the following advantages:

[0035] Depending on the implementation method, products that replace existing rollable webs and existing rigid veneers.

[0036] • Applications to the base surface are faster, more efficient, and often more aesthetically pleasing.

[0037] • Webs of different sizes and strength grades

[0038] • The force transmission device can operate independently of the displacement facilitator, thus improving the performance of both the force transmission and displacement facilitators, and achieving high-strength flatness and minimal deformation when the web is flat.

[0039] Different constructions can be specified.

[0040] • Web-based products are mass-producible, allowing each user to customize their desired mass-producible implementation.

[0041] • Capable of applying all types of lamination and spray coating without causing any tearing or folding to any web fabric.

[0042] • The strength of a flat sheet material simulates that of a rigid, non-deformable single sheet.

[0043] • The axis of rotation can be precisely positioned to coincide with any location near the main frame, including the main frame itself.

[0044] ● Stiffness elements that do not protrude from the surface of the web

[0045] • The web can be rolled or folded without any noticeable resistance.

[0046] • When temporary or permanent locking is required, the web includes locking elements.

[0047] • A pivoting generating element loaded only during coiling to achieve the reliable rigid web required for flattening.

[0048] • The pivoting generating element is subjected to only a negligible load during curling or folding, and is completely unloaded when the web is flattened.

[0049] Suitable for bonding with external rigid layers

[0050] Multiple webs can form a frame.

[0051] • The web can be cut to the desired size and design while retaining all its features without any loss in appearance or function.

[0052] • Versatility, thus the material is suitable for a wide range of implementation methods.

[0053] In one aspect, reinforced webs can be cut across opposite widths while retaining all features.

[0054] In one embodiment, the reinforcing web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented web, each configured with a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator and a force transmission device, are suitably joined together to facilitate foldable displacement in a first or second direction.

[0055] In one embodiment, the reinforcing web has a maximum longitudinal dimension and a maximum axial dimension, and includes a direction-sensitive angular displacement facilitator and an angular force transmission device for facilitating angular displacement of the reinforcing web about the axis of the roll defined by the web in a first rotational direction to maintain the roll form, and angular displacement of the reinforcing web about the axis of the roll defined by the web in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction to form a unidirectional rigid and flat surface with a desired longitudinal dimension less than or equal to the maximum longitudinal dimension when the roll form is maintained unfolded relative to a portion of the reinforcing web.

[0056] In one aspect, the reinforcing web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented reinforcing web, each equipped with a direction-sensitive angular displacement promoting device, are appropriately joined together to promote angular displacement in a first rotational direction or a second rotational direction.

[0057] In one aspect, the first of the two longitudinally interlocked portions is angularly displaceable relative to the second of the two longitudinally interlocked portions about a corresponding axis of rotation that coincides with or is spaced apart from the main surface of the reinforcing web, wherein each of the plurality of longitudinally interlocked portions is angularly displaceable relative to the adjacent longitudinally interlocked portion about the axis of the roll in a first rotational direction, and is prevented from angularly displaced in a second rotational direction to simulate a rigid monolith.

[0058] In one aspect, the reinforcing web is additionally constructed with a plurality of axially interlocking portions, which are disposed in at least one of a plurality of longitudinally interlocking portions and engage with another of the plurality of longitudinally interlocking portions, wherein a direction-sensitive angular displacement promoting device disposed between every two of the axially interlocking portions promotes a unidirectional angular displacement of the first of the two axially interlocking portions about a corresponding longitudinal rotation axis coinciding with the main surface of the reinforcing web relative to the second of the two axially interlocking portions.

[0059] In one aspect, the reinforcing web also includes a common sheet applied to the segments of the web. When a first adjacent portion of the segmented web is angularly displaced with respect to a second adjacent portion of the segmented web, the strain formed within the common sheet and covering the local axis of rotation between the first and second portions is in an elastic state.

[0060] In one embodiment, the reinforced web is unsegmented and flexible, and the orientation-sensitive angular displacement facilitator includes a non-extendable device disposed along the cross-section of the reinforced web, which influences the facilitation of orientation-sensitive angular displacement when the roll is unrolled in a second rotational direction, wherein the web is angularly displaceable about the axis of the roll in a first rotational direction when the web is flat, and angular displacement is prevented in the second rotational direction.

[0061] In one aspect, a unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface contacts the substrate.

[0062] In one aspect, for each construction of the web, the continuous main web can be bonded, chemically or mechanically attached to the common sheet while retaining the attractive appearance and function of the common sheet.

[0063] In one aspect, direction-sensitive displacement includes force transmission devices.

[0064] In one aspect, the reinforced web includes at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the curling direction of the first portion is opposite to that of the second portion, and the main surfaces of the first portion and the second portion are located on the same side of the reinforced web.

[0065] A deployable link material leveling system for covering flat and uneven surfaces, comprising:

[0066] i. A device for applying bonding material to an exposed construction surface;

[0067] ii. An elongated sheet, at least a portion of which is positioned in a force-applied relationship with the construction surface; and

[0068] iii. A means for differentially applying force to an elongated sheet, the elongated sheet comprising at least one of a web-defined roll, such that the applied linking material becomes compressed after the force is applied to the elongated sheet, and such that the inner surface of the elongated sheet becomes uniformly flat after the compressed linking material has solidified.

[0069] As described in this article, “linked material” means a material that becomes linked to another material or a material that links two or more elements together.

[0070] In one aspect, the elongated sheet is constructed with an uninterrupted inward-facing surface, multiple vertically extending outward-facing cavities, inter-cavity protrusions disposed between adjacent pairs of cavities, and multiple vertically spaced and longitudinally extending recesses.

[0071] Among them, the device for applying differential force to the slender sheet is a roll structure of the sheet. Through the roll structure, the differentially bent portions of the sheet are pushed in a compressive relationship with the construction surface and can be horizontally flattened by rolls defined by multiple webs.

[0072] Each of the rolls defined by the web is inserted into a corresponding recess and attached to an inward-facing surface to form a reinforcing strip of sheet. After an unfolding force is applied to the roll of the elongated sheet with a vertical axis and the attached reinforcing strip, a uniform volume of uncured bonding material applied to the construction surface is forced into each cavity in fluid communication with the uncured bonding material, ensuring that the inward-facing surface will be flat while being fixed to the building wall after the bonding material has cured.

[0073] In one aspect, each of the intercavitary protrusions is a circular T-shaped intercavitary protrusion.

[0074] In one aspect, the planarization system also includes a sheet-retaining structure for maintaining a uniform volume of uncured bonding material flowing into each cavity while elongated sheets are being unfolded.

[0075] In one aspect, a first component of the retaining structure is configured to compress and flatten the elongated sheet relative to the linking material already applied to the building wall, and a second component of the retaining structure is configured to maintain the vertical stiffness of the retaining structure to ensure the flatness of the elongated sheet relative to the wall.

[0076] In one aspect, the retaining structure comprises multiple web-defined rolls arranged in a wound manner, such that an outer loop surrounds an inner loop adjacent to the outer loop to provide a gap between each pair of adjacent loops, within which the elongated sheet is accommodated before being applied to the building wall.

[0077] In one aspect, each of the web-defined rolls includes a plurality of coupling panels, each coupling panel being coupled to an adjacent panel, and two coupling panels that are peripherally adjacent to each other are interconnected by pivoting elements that extend through a vertical orientation to maintain the height of the structure.

[0078] A mosaic panel system includes a plurality of rollable or foldable mosaic panel segments, wherein each of the mosaic panel segments includes a reinforcing web and is interconnectable with adjacent mosaic panel segments when unfolded or folded.

[0079] A system for applying paneling material to an existing construction surface includes: a rollable or foldable paneling material unit comprising a reinforcing web; a fixing member associated with the construction surface; and a plurality of spaced-apart connecting devices disposed of one or both of the paneling material unit and the fixing member, wherein each of the connecting devices is configured such that, after the paneling material unit is unfolded or unfolded, a region of the paneling material unit is connected to a corresponding region of the fixing member until the unfolded paneling material unit is flat. In one embodiment, the connecting device includes a plurality of longitudinally separated protruding pins; and a plurality of longitudinally separated pin receiving holes, wherein one of the plurality of pins and the plurality of pin receiving holes is disposed of a paneling material unit, and the other is disposed of a fixing member, wherein the length of each of the plurality of pins is less than the depth of each of the plurality of holes, and after the paneling material unit is unfolded, a corresponding pin in each hole can be securely received until the unfolded paneling material unit is flat.

[0080] In one aspect, when the panel material unit is provided with multiple pins, each pin can be released from it after being received in a corresponding hole formed in a component associated with the existing wall.

[0081] In one aspect, the connecting device includes an adhesively connectable element or a chemically connectable device disposed in one or both of the panel material unit and the fixing member.

[0082] A hinge for a continuous and uninterrupted surface, the hinge being a reinforced web, wherein the reinforced hinge comprises two separate components, one of which is pivotally displaceable relative to the other about an axis of rotation, and each of the components includes a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator and a force transmission mechanism, wherein each of the two components is connectable to a corresponding planar plate so as to create a fully coplanar surface comprising the two components and two plates when the hinge is set to a non-pivoting position and the axis of rotation of the hinge coincides with or is spaced apart from the main web surfaces of the two components.

[0083] A coupling panel connection system includes a reinforced web, wherein each of a plurality of interlocking portions of the reinforced segmented web is a coupling panel interlocked with an adjacent coupling panel, such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable with respect to the adjacent coupling panel, and each pair of the plurality of coupling panels is lockably interlocked when flat and prevents displacement in a second direction to form a unidirectional rigid and flat composite surface.

[0084] In one aspect, each of the plurality of interlocking parts is a longitudinally interlocking part, and the interlocking of the longitudinally interlocking parts is such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is angularly displaceable about a corresponding axis of rotation about an adjacent coupling panel, the corresponding axis of rotation being either coincident with or spaced apart from the common edge of two adjacent coupling panels.

[0085] In one aspect, each of the plurality of coupling panels is configured with a first planar surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface. In another aspect, the coupling panel connection system is a tongue and groove connection system, wherein each or most of the plurality of coupling panels is configured with a tongue and an opposing groove.

[0086] In one aspect, the coupling panel connection system further includes a common sheet attached to a first surface of each of the plurality of coupling panels, wherein each of the plurality of coupling panels coincides with or is spaced apart from a visible surface of the common sheet about its angularly displaceable corresponding axis of rotation, and each pair of the plurality of coupling panels is lockably joined together after the tenon of the first coupling panel is fully inserted into a groove of the second coupling panel.

[0087] In one aspect, multiple coupling panels can be stored in roll or fold form and can be unfolded or folded in one direction, for example when in contact with a base surface.

[0088] In one aspect, each of the plurality of coupling panels is additionally configured with a plurality of pairs of orthogonal surfaces, the plurality of pairs of orthogonal surfaces being arranged such that each of the orthogonal surface pairs of the first coupling panel is positionable in abutment relationship with a corresponding orthogonal surface pair of the second coupling panel, the corresponding orthogonal surface pair of the second coupling panel being complementary to the orthogonal surface pair of the first coupling panel to assist in locking the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel together.

[0089] In one aspect, in a flat structure, the rotation of the first coupling panel in the second rotational direction is restricted by the abutment relationship of the complementary orthogonal surface pair of the first and second coupling panels, and is unrestricted in the first rotational direction.

[0090] In one aspect, in an uneven construction, when the first coupling panel is angularly displaced about the second coupling panel, the tenon of the first coupling panel undergoes undisturbed rotation within the groove of the second coupling panel.

[0091] In one aspect, a groove is formed between a first surface and a second surface to define a first wall that coincides with the first surface and a second wall that coincides with the second surface, and the groove is delimited by a planar third surface that coincides with the first wall and is parallel to the first surface, a planar fourth surface that coincides with the second wall and is parallel to the second surface, and a fifth surface extending between the first wall and the second wall.

[0092] In one aspect, the tenon structure has a coplanar sixth and seventh surface, such that when the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel are locked together, the sixth surface of the first coupling panel can fully abut against the third surface of the second coupling panel, and the seventh surface of the first coupling panel can fully abut against the fourth surface of the second coupling panel.

[0093] In one aspect, interference-free rotation is facilitated when the length of the sixth surface of the first coupling panel is less than the length of the third surface of the second coupling panel.

[0094] In one aspect, the distance between the intersection of the third and fifth surfaces of the second coupling panel and the corresponding axis of rotation is equal to or greater than the length from the corresponding axis of rotation to the seventh surface of the first coupling panel.

[0095] In one aspect, interference-free rotation is also facilitated when the distance between any point on the eighth surface of the first coupling panel extending between the sixth and seventh surfaces or between the ninth and seventh surfaces and the corresponding axis of rotation is less than the length from the corresponding axis of rotation to the seventh surface of the first coupling panel, wherein the ninth surface is a surface perpendicular to the sixth surface and is a truncation at the intersection of the sixth and eighth surfaces.

[0096] In one aspect, both the tenon and the groove are arc-shaped, and the tenon of the first coupling panel is displaceable along the arc-shaped path within the groove of the second coupling panel.

[0097] In one aspect, each of the plurality of coupling panels is additionally configured with a stop element that can engage with a coupling panel region at the end of an arcuate groove, wherein rotation of the first coupling panel is restricted in a second rotational direction and is unrestricted in the first rotational direction when the tenon abuts against the stop element.

[0098] In one aspect, the coupling panel connection system further includes two semi-circular end plates and a middle semi-circular plate. The two semi-circular end plates are respectively attached to opposite walls of a first cavity formed within a first coupling panel, and the middle semi-circular plate is located between the end plates and attached to the wall of a second cavity formed within a second coupling panel adjacent to the first coupling panel.

[0099] Each component in the end plate has a corresponding inwardly protruding semi-circular protrusion, and each surface of the intermediate plate forms a semi-circular recess. Within the semi-circular recess, the corresponding protrusion is accommodating and rotatable.

[0100] In this process, after rotating around the axis of rotation, the intermediate plate forces the second coupling panel to pivot relative to the first coupling panel.

[0101] In one aspect, the coupling panel connection system further includes a continuous joint comprising an elastic elongated strip interconnected to corresponding walls of a first coupling panel and a second coupling panel in a plurality of coupling panels, wherein the surface of the strip forms a continuous curvature as the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel undergo relative angular displacement.

[0102] In one aspect, the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel have a completely solid rectangular cross-section.

[0103] An apparatus comprising a reconfigurable reinforced web, the apparatus being selected from the group consisting of:

[0104] i. A bidirectional rigid and displaceable surface;

[0105] ii. An extendable table or shelf that can be stored in the wall;

[0106] iii. Foldable partitions;

[0107] iv. A door that can be folded;

[0108] v. A one-way sliding door that can slide to the lateral end of the retaining structure;

[0109] vi. A storage structure with shelves that can be folded to redefine the internal storage space;

[0110] vii. A foldable wire frame;

[0111] viii. Fully coplanar hinges that can be folded up to 180 degrees;

[0112] ix. A unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface used for fence covering;

[0113] x. A unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface used for roof covering;

[0114] xi. A television or screen that can be rolled or folded, and which can be mounted on a surface area, such as greater than 4cm for a mobile phone screen, when flat. 2 And for television screens that can be mounted on a wall without any external support (except for anchoring elements), the range is up to approximately 16m. 2 ;

[0115] xii. Surfaces that can be rolled or folded, such as temporary floors, walls, advertising spaces, bridges, and additional applications, without requiring discrete components to rebuild and disassemble the surface, for example, up to approximately 400m² when flat. 2 Surface area, and when uneven, it can be transported in transport vehicles (such as, for example, medium-sized trucks with a width of 2m) (the size of the uneven reinforced web is 10m x 20m);

[0116] xiii. Protective clothing; and

[0117] xiv. A chair, table, or bed that can be rolled up and includes a reinforced web and legs, wherein the legs can be stored in the core of the reinforced web when rolled up.

[0118] In one aspect, the reinforced web is provided with a permanently applied or releasable laminate.

[0119] In one respect, the bidirectional rigid and displaceable surface is prestressed.

[0120] In one aspect, a unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface is applied to a fence or metal enclosure.

[0121] In one aspect, a unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface is applied to a fence made of concrete slabs.

[0122] In one aspect, when not unfolded, it maintains a unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface for roofing in roll form.

[0123] In one aspect, when not unfolded, a unidirectional rigid and flat surface used for roofing is folded or stacked.

[0124] In one aspect, the unidirectional rigid and flat surface used for roof covering includes multiple photovoltaic cells.

[0125] In one aspect, a plastic cover separate from the common sheet or laminate is applied to the main web to protect the web and enhance its durability and accuracy in terms of relative displacement between adjacent web sections.

[0126] In one aspect, a rollable display device (such as a rollable television, screen, artwork, and advertising sign) is permanently attached to a retaining structure while being protected within the gap between its adjacent loops.

[0127] In one aspect, the rollable display device is detachable from the retaining structure.

[0128] A reconfigurable web having opposing widths, the opposing widths including a master width, the web including a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator disposed within the thickness of the web for facilitating at least one portion of the web to curl or fold in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally flat surface; and a force transmission device adapted to configure the web with a predetermined structure by which the web, when flat, is curlable or foldable in at least one direction and unidirectionally rigid in at least one other direction, wherein the web is endowed with the following characteristics:

[0129] a. Load-bearing capacity in at least one direction, sufficient to promote flatness of the web; and

[0130] b. When the web is flattened and loaded during use, the stress within the force transmission device is dispersed in at least one direction.

[0131] The web with the characteristic ab will be referred to as a "weak web". The load-bearing capacity of a weakened web may be lower than that of a reinforced web, and the rotation center of each adjacent coupled panel may not be coplanar with the upper or lower surface of the weakened web.

[0132] For example, regarding the linking material, when rolled from a flat distribution in at least one other direction, the weakened web can be designed to have less resistance than the reinforcing web. Since the distributed force of the linking material applied to the sheet corresponds to the force exerted when the sheet is pressed against a surface such as a wall, the bending resistance of the flat sheet is reduced. In this case, for a given embodiment, the weakened web applied to the sheet is sufficient.

[0133] When reinforced or weakened webs are available in standard sizes and with diverse or decorative appearances, regardless of their internal structure, they can be mass-produced as an additional alternative to monosheets such as cement, wood, PVC and gypsum board, and are readily available at any sales location accessible to any private buyer.

[0134] The descriptions of segmented weakened webs and unsegmented weakened webs, which do not require web flexibility during flattening, are applicable to reinforced webs.

[0135] In one aspect, the weakened web is unsegmented and flexible, and includes a first layer and a second layer attached together to form a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator. The first layer is longitudinally deformable under tension and substantially indeformable under compression, and the second layer is longitudinally deformable under compression and substantially indeformable under tension, such that the unsegmented web, when subjected to a first amplitude force, can bend only in a first rotational direction, but cannot bend in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction, unless the unsegmented web is subjected to a second amplitude force greater than the first amplitude force when it is flat.

[0136] In one aspect, the weakened web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented web are appropriately joined together to facilitate rollable or foldable displacement in a first or second direction.

[0137] In one aspect, the orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator includes one or more devices selected from continuous joints, inner axes, folded tongue and groove coupling panels connected to continuous joints or inner axes, reverse folded tongue and groove coupling panels, reverse folded tongue and groove coupling panels connected to continuous joints or inner axes, polygonal centerline coupling panels, and composite coupling panels.

[0138] In one aspect, weakened webs can be cut across opposite widths while preserving all features a and b.

[0139] In one aspect, the device for facilitating the directional displacement of the web includes a force transmission device.

[0140] In one aspect, the weakened web includes at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the curling direction of the first portion is opposite to that of the second portion, and the main surfaces of the first portion and the second portion are located on the same side of the weakened web.

[0141] A deployable link material leveling system for covering flat and uneven surfaces, comprising:

[0142] i. A device for applying bonding material to an exposed construction surface;

[0143] ii. An elongated sheet, at least a portion of which is positioned in a force-applied relationship with the construction surface; and

[0144] iii. A device for differentially applying force to an elongated sheet, the elongated sheet comprising at least one roll defined by a weakened web, such that the applied linking material becomes compressed after the force is applied to the elongated sheet, and such that the inner surface of the elongated sheet becomes uniformly flat after the compressed linking material has solidified.

[0145] A mosaic panel system includes a plurality of rollable and foldable mosaic panel segments, wherein each of the mosaic panel segments includes a weakened web and is interconnectable with adjacent mosaic panel segments when unfolded.

[0146] A system for applying paneling material to an existing construction surface includes: a rollable or foldable paneling material unit including a weakened web; a fixing member associated with the construction surface; and a plurality of spaced-apart connecting devices provided with one or both of the paneling material unit and the fixing member, wherein each of the connecting devices is configured such that, after the paneling material unit is unfolded or unfolded, a region of the paneling material unit is connected to a corresponding region of the fixing member until the unfolded or unfolded paneling material unit is flat.

[0147] A hinge for a continuous and uninterrupted surface, the hinge being a weakened web, wherein the hinge comprises two separate components, one of which is pivotally displaceable relative to the other about an axis of rotation, and each of the components includes a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator and a force transmission mechanism, wherein each of the two components is connectable to a corresponding planar plate so as to create a fully coplanar surface comprising the two components and two plates when the hinge is set to a non-pivoting position and the axis of rotation of the hinge coincides with or is spaced apart from the main web surfaces of the two components.

[0148] A coupling panel connection system includes segmented weakened webs, wherein each of a plurality of interlocking portions of the segmented webs is a coupling panel interlocked with an adjacent coupling panel, such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable with respect to the adjacent coupling panels in a first direction and a second direction, wherein when the coupling panel connection system is flat, each pair of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable in the first direction and locked together to resist displacement in the second direction.

[0149] An apparatus comprising a reconfigurable weakening web, the apparatus being selected from the group consisting of:

[0150] i. A bidirectional rigid and displaceable surface;

[0151] ii. An extendable table or shelf that can be stored in the wall;

[0152] iii. Foldable partitions;

[0153] iv. A door that can be folded;

[0154] v. A one-way sliding door that can slide to the lateral end of the retaining structure;

[0155] vi. A storage structure with shelves that can be folded to redefine the internal storage space;

[0156] vii. A foldable wire frame;

[0157] viii. Fully coplanar hinges that can be folded up to 180 degrees;

[0158] ix. A unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface used for fence covering;

[0159] x. A unidirectional, rigid, and flat surface used for roof covering;

[0160] xi. A television or screen that can be rolled up or folded;

[0161] xii. A surface that can be rolled or folded without discrete components to rebuild and disassemble the surface, and that can be transported in a transport vehicle when uneven;

[0162] xiii. Protective clothing; and

[0163] xiv. A chair, table, or bed that can be rolled up or folded and includes a web and legs, wherein the legs can be stored in the core of the web when rolled up.

[0164] A method for covering a solid uneven substrate involves either reconstructing a web that can be rolled or folded until the web is flattened and applied to the solid uneven substrate, or using a material that can be rolled or folded to flatten the solid uneven substrate, thereby covering the solid uneven substrate.

[0165] The web can be a reinforced web, a weakened web, or any other suitable web. The structure is preferably reusable.

[0166] In one aspect, the method also includes covering the solid flat datum by reconstructing the web until the web is flattened and applied to the solid flat datum, or by using a material to which structural flattening is applied to the solid flat datum.

[0167] In one embodiment, the reconstructed web is a weakened web, which includes a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator disposed within the thickness of the weakened web for facilitating at least one portion of the weakened web to curl or fold in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally flat surface; and a force transmission device adapted to configure the weakened web with a predetermined structure by which the weakened web, when flat, is curlable or foldable in at least one direction and unidirectionally rigid in at least one other direction.

[0168] The weakened web is endowed with the following characteristics:

[0169] a. Load-bearing capacity in at least one direction, sufficient to promote flatness of the weakened web; and

[0170] b. When the web is flattened and subjected to load weakening during use, the stress within the force transmission device is dispersed in at least one direction.

[0171] In one embodiment, the reconstructed web is a reinforced web, which includes a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator disposed within the thickness of the reinforced web for facilitating at least one portion of the reinforced web to curl or fold in at least one direction to form a unidirectional rigid and flat surface; and a force transmission device adapted to configure the web with a predetermined structure by which the web, when flat, can curl or fold in at least one direction and is rigid in at least one other direction to simulate a rigid monolithic sheet.

[0172] The reinforced web is endowed with the following characteristics:

[0173] a. The main layout is continuous or semi-continuous;

[0174] b. The continuous main web can be attached to a common sheet optionally configured with additional force transmission devices or to a laminate, while the common sheet or laminate remains undamaged and undetached at any attachment point and for any construction of the web, wherein, when using a common sheet or laminate, the common sheet or laminate provides the illusion of a rigid veneer.

[0175] c. When the sheet is flat, its load-bearing capacity and resistance to deformation in at least one direction are similar to those of a rigid monolithic sheet;

[0176] d. When the orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator is not composed of a common sheet, the orientation-sensitive displacement facilitator is configured to prevent shear forces and axial forces from being transmitted to the common sheet and the laminate when used in any configuration of the web;

[0177] e. The force transmission device is configured to prevent force transmission to the common sheet and laminate when in use and when the web is flat; and

[0178] f. When the web is flattened and loaded during use, the stress within the web is dispersed in more than one direction.

[0179] In one aspect, the method also includes the step of inserting a web (such as an elongated sheet) into a structure, the structure being a retaining structure consisting of an additional web, which is either a reinforcing web or a weakening web.

[0180] In one aspect, the material applied to a solid flat base or a solid non-flat base comprises an elongated sheet, and the structure applies a force to the sheet when multiple external supports are anchored to the solid flat base or the solid non-flat base.

[0181] In one aspect, additional material is applied to the sheet, and the sheet forms an adhesive or chemical bond with the linking material applied to the base surface.

[0182] In one aspect, the method also includes the following steps:

[0183] a) Apply the linking material to a solid flat base or a solid uneven base;

[0184] b) Position at least a portion of the elongated sheet by applying force to a solid flat or non-flat datum surface;

[0185] c) At least one of the webs applies differential forces to the elongated sheet, such that the applied linking material becomes compressed after the forces are applied to the elongated sheet; and

[0186] d) After the compressed linking material has cured, a uniform, flat, elongated sheet with a thin inner surface is produced.

[0187] In one aspect, a solid flat substrate or a solid uneven substrate is covered by unfolding multiple webs, each of which can be rolled or folded and is a separate mosaic panel segment, such that the first mosaic panel segment becomes interconnected with the second mosaic panel segment after being unfolded.

[0188] In one aspect, the solid flat base or the solid uneven base is a vertical wall, the vertical wall being constructed with a plurality of spaced-apart connecting devices, or the column connected to the vertical wall being constructed with a plurality of spaced-apart connecting devices, and wherein the web can be rolled or folded and is a panel material unit, the panel material unit having adjacent areas designed to be connected to one or more of the connecting devices, the method further comprising the following steps:

[0189] Unroll the web so that one or more of the connecting devices will be connected to the corresponding area of ​​a portion of the unrolled web, and the portion of the unrolled web will be pushed to be flattened.

[0190] In one aspect, the method also includes the following steps:

[0191] a) Apply the linking material to a solid flat base or a solid uneven base;

[0192] b) Using structural flatness applied to a solid flat surface or a solid uneven surface as a connecting material; and

[0193] c) After the applied bonding material has cured, the sheet is mounted onto the flat and cured bonding material.

[0194] In one respect, materials are linking materials.

[0195] In one aspect, the solid flat base or the solid uneven base is the roof surface, and the base roof surface is covered by unrolling a roll of web material, the roll of web material being strong enough to withstand the trampling force applied to the web material, wherein the covering material for the base roof surface consists of elements of web material or layers of web material, the layers of web material being multi-layered web material.

[0196] In one aspect, the capping material includes multiple photovoltaic cells.

[0197] A monolithic construction component that can be integrated with a bonding material applied to a substrate includes an uninterrupted inward-facing surface and an outward-facing component inseparable from the inward-facing surface, wherein the outward-facing component is provided with a reinforcing device that can be anchored or connected to the applied bonding material, and wherein the weight of the construction component is less than the adhesive strength of the applied bonding material with respect to the substrate or the construction component before and after the bonding material has cured.

[0198] In one aspect, the externally oriented component includes multiple spacer frame elements, each of which is anchorable to an applied linking material.

[0199] In one aspect, the inward-facing surface is a flexible sheet.

[0200] In one aspect, the anchorable reinforcement includes a plurality of outwardly facing protrusions that project from an inwardly facing surface and extend in a common direction, wherein a cavity is defined between each pair of protrusions, and a uniform volume of uncured linking material can be accommodated within the cavity to ensure that the inwardly facing surface will be flattened and anchored after the linking material has cured.

[0201] In one aspect, the connectable reinforcing device is a mechanical or chemical device.

[0202] A method for reconstructing a surface includes providing a continuous and uninterrupted main surface, the main surface being the surface of a unidirectional rigid and continuous or semi-continuous segmented web; constructing the main surface to have a first length such that all segments of the main surface are rigid, continuous or semi-continuous and coplanar, and have a rotation center coinciding with or separate from the main surface; and reconstructing the main surface by angularly displacing at least one of the segments in the longitudinal direction until the un-angularly displaced coplanar segments of the main surface define a second length shorter than the first length and are rigid and coplanar; or the coplanar segments of the main surface define a third length longer than the first length and are rigid and coplanar.

[0203] In one aspect, a single laminate or common sheet is applied to the main surface to simulate the appearance of a monolithic plate.

[0204] In one aspect, the method further includes the step of reconstructing the main surface by at least one of the angular displacement segments in the lateral direction until the main surface has a second width that is greater than or less than the first width. Attached Figure Description

[0205] In the attached figure:

[0206] - Figure 1 This is a side view of a prior art coupling panel, schematically indicating the forces applied to it when coupling with an adjacent panel; Figure 2 and Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A side view of the existing technology coupling panel shows two drawbacks related to its use;

[0207] - Figure 4 This is a side view of the coupling panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0208] - Figure 4A It includes Figure 4 A top view of the coupled panel system, schematically illustrating its advantageous multi-directional load distribution capability;

[0209] - Figure 4B It includes Figure 1 A top view of the coupled panel system, schematically illustrating its limited unidirectional load distribution capability;

[0210] - Figure 5A and Figure 5B They have each been modified using interlocking components. Figure 4 A side view of the coupling panel and the coupling system using two modified coupling panels;

[0211] - Figure 6 It is multiple Figure 4 A perspective view of the coupled panel when stored in volume format;

[0212] - Figure 7 and Figure 8 There are two Figure 6 A perspective view of the unfolded sections of the roll, showing them covered and uncovered by a common sheet, respectively;

[0213] - Figures 9A to 9C It is a side view of a connection system constructed with prestressed steel wires, showing loading before prestressing, after prestressing, and according to the prestressing process without any vertical deformation.

[0214] - Figure 10 When they are locked together, they include two Figure 4 Side view of the tongue and groove connection system of the coupling panel;

[0215] - Figure 11A yes Figure 10 A side view of the two coupled panels, schematically illustrating the absorption of torque and force when locked together;

[0216] - Figure 11B yes Figure 10 A side view of the two coupled panels, schematically showing the longitudinal stress distribution formed within the common sheet when they are locked together;

[0217] - Figure 11C shows Figure 11B Detail 1 schematically illustrates the longitudinal elastic strain that has already formed;

[0218] - Figure 12A This is a side view of two coupled panels of a prior art tenon and groove connection system, schematically showing the position of the axis of rotation between them;

[0219] - Figure 12B and Figure 12C yes Figure 12A The side views of two prior art coupled panels when one is angularly displaced with respect to the other schematically show two different damage conditions that are prone to form in a common sheet attached to the two coupled panels;

[0220] - Figure 13A yes Figure 10 A side view of two coupled panels when one is angularly displaced with respect to the other.

[0221] - Figure 13B is Figure 13A The stress distribution diagram of the crease formed within the common sheet during the angular displacement is shown as being in a linear elastic state;

[0222] - Figure 14 yes Figure 10 The side view of the two coupled panels shows the geometric considerations related to the unfolding operation;

[0223] - Figure 15 It consists of multiple Figure 4 A perspective view of the roll formed by the coupling panels, each coupling panel shown at a different angle; Figures 16A to 16B It includes Figure 4 Side view of the tongue and groove connection system of the coupling panel. Figure 16A The diagram schematically illustrates the internal forces interacting between each adjacent coupled panel in response to a downward-pointing concentrated load, and Figure 16B It shows more clearly which internal forces act on each of the adjacent coupled panels;

[0224] - Figure 17This is a side view of another embodiment of the coupling panel;

[0225] - Figure 18 This is a side view of another embodiment of the coupling panel;

[0226] - Figure 19 It includes three Figure 18 A side view of the coupling panel connection system, schematically illustrating its ability to resist axial forces and bending when locked together;

[0227] - Figure 20A and Figure 20B Is from Figure 18 Perspective views of the side and top surfaces of the coupling panel, shown in solid and partially transparent forms, respectively;

[0228] - Figure 21A These are perspective views of the side and top surfaces from another embodiment of the coupling panel;

[0229] - Figure 21B yes Figure 21A Top view of the coupling panel;

[0230] - Figure 22 It is cut along plane AA Figure 21A A cross-sectional view of the coupling panel;

[0231] - Figure 23 It is cut along plane BB. Figure 21A A cross-sectional view of the coupling panel;

[0232] - Figure 24 It includes two when cutting along plane AA. Figure 21A A side view of the coupling panel connection system, schematically showing the forces transmitted between adjacent coupling panels;

[0233] - Figure 25 It includes two when cutting along plane BB. Figure 21A A side view of the coupling panel connection system, schematically showing the forces transmitted between adjacent coupling panels;

[0234] - Figure 26A It is a perspective assembly view of the inner axis unit;

[0235] - Figure 26B yes Figure 26A Exploded view of the inner axis unit;

[0236] - Figure 26C yes Figure 26A A perspective view of the inner axis element when it is angularly displaced to the pivot position;

[0237] - Figure 27A yes Figure 26A A side view and partially hidden view of the end plate of the inner axis unit when it is connected to the first coupling panel, and Figure 26A A side view and partially hidden view of the inner axis unit when the middle plate is connected to a second coupling panel that is spaced apart from and not coupled to the first coupling panel.

[0238] - Figure 27B It includes Figure 27A A side view of the connection system of the first and second coupling panels, showing the end plates and intermediate plates when they are joined together in a non-pivoting position;

[0239] - Figure 27C yes Figure 27B A side view of the first and second coupling panels, showing the end plate and intermediate plate joined together at the pivot position;

[0240] - Figure 28A yes Figure 27B An exploded view of the connection system, and a partially hidden view of the first and second coupling panels, showing each cavity into which the inner axis unit can be introduced;

[0241] - Figure 28B yes Figure 27A Perspective view of the first and second coupling panels assembled with the inner axis unit;

[0242] - Figure 29A and Figure 29B yes Figure 27A Another perspective view of the first and second coupling panels shows the inner axis unit in a non-pivot position and a pivot position, respectively;

[0243] - Figure 30A and Figure 30B It is with multiple Figure 26A A perspective view of two slender coupled panels that are connected to each other by the inner axis units, shown in the non-pivot position and the pivot position, respectively;

[0244] - Figure 30C This is a perspective view of the connection system, which includes multiple IAU coupling panel strips embedded perpendicular to the FTG coupling panel;

[0245] - Figure 31 It is a side view of the connection system including the FTG coupling panel and the inner axis unit, schematically showing the longitudinal transmission of force between the end plate and the middle plate of the inner axis unit;

[0246] - Figure 32A and Figure 32B It is a perspective view of the connection system including the continuous joints, shown in exploded view and perspective assembly view respectively;

[0247] - Figures 33A to 33C It is a side view of a connection system that includes a common thin-sheet junction, an inner axis junction, and a continuous junction, schematically showing the relative positions of the corresponding rotation axes;

[0248] - Figure 34A and Figure 34B This is a side view of a connection system that includes a common sheet junction and a continuous junction, showing the corresponding common sheet thicknesses that can be used;

[0249] - Figures 34C to 34E These are perspective views of the top surfaces of three embodiments of continuous joints anchored within two adjacent coupling panels.

[0250] - Figure 35A and Figure 35B This is a side view of a pair of coupled FTG and ITG panels set to pivot positions, showing their different angular displacement directions;

[0251] - Figure 36A This is a side view of an IFTG coupling panel according to one embodiment;

[0252] - Figure 36B It comes from the front and the side. Figure 36A A perspective view of the coupled panel;

[0253] - Figure 36C It came from the back and the side. Figure 36A A perspective view of the coupled panel;

[0254] - Figure 37A It includes two Figure 36A A side view of the coupling panel connection system, shown in a non-pivoting position;

[0255] - Figure 37B and Figure 37C It includes two Figure 36A The side view of the coupling panel connection system is shown in two pivot positions;

[0256] Figures 38A and 38B are side views of a connection system comprising multiple IFTG and FTG coupling panels, respectively, showing different directions of angular displacement with respect to a common sheet during roll-up;

[0257] - Figure 38C This is a perspective view of one embodiment of a multi-directional coupling panel;

[0258] - Figure 38D This is a perspective view of another embodiment of the multi-directional coupling panel, shown in assembled and disassembled form;

[0259] - Figure 38EThis is a perspective view of another embodiment of the multi-directional coupling panel, shown in assembled and disassembled form;

[0260] - Figure 38F A perspective view showing including Figure 38C A multi-directional coupling panel connection system, which in Figure 38F Image a shows a flat structure, where details 2 and 3 are respectively located in... Figure 38F a-1 and Figure 38F Enlarged in a-2, and Figure 38F b is shown curled in the first direction, wherein details 4 and 5 are respectively in Figure 38F b-1 and Figure 38F Enlarged in b-2, and Figure 38F c is shown curled in the second direction, wherein details 6 to 8 are respectively in Figure 38F Magnified in c-1, 38Fc-2 and 38Fc-3;

[0261] - Figure 38G A perspective view showing including Figure 38D A multi-directional coupling panel connection system, which in Figure 38G Image a shows a flat structure, in which detail 9 is shown. Figure 38G Magnified in a-1, and Figure 38G b is shown curled in the first direction, wherein details 10 and 11 are respectively in Figure 38G b-1 and Figure 38G Enlarged in b-2, Figure 38G c is shown curled in the second direction, wherein details 12 and 13 are respectively in Figure 38G c-1 and Figure 38G Enlarged in c-2, Figure 38G d is shown folded upwards on a third side, where details 14 and 15 are respectively in Figure 38G d-1 and Figure 38G Magnified in d-2, and Figure 38G e is shown curled up in the first direction and folded upwards in the third direction, wherein its detail 16 is shown in Figure 38G Magnified in e-1;

[0262] - Figure 38H A perspective view showing including Figure 38E A multi-directional coupling panel connection system, which in Figure 38H a is shown in a flat construction, in which detail 17 is shown. Figure 38H Magnified in a-1, and Figure 38H b is shown curled in the first direction, wherein details 18 to 20 are respectively in Figure 38H b-1 Figure 38H b-2 and Figure 38H Enlarged in b-3, Figure 38H c is shown curled in the second direction, wherein its detail 21 is shown in Figure 38H Enlarged in c-1, Figure 38H d is shown folded in the third and fourth directions, where details 22 and 23 are respectively in Figure 38H d-1 and Figure 38H Magnified in d-2, and Figure 38H e is shown curled in the second direction and folded upwards in the third direction, wherein its detail 24 is shown in Figure 38H Magnified in e-1;

[0263] - Figure 38I This is a perspective exploded view of an embodiment of the composite coupling panel;

[0264] - Figure 38J yes Figure 38I A perspective view of the composite coupling panel, showing the constituent coupling panels positioned abutting against each other;

[0265] - Figure 38K yes Figure 38I A perspective assembly view of the composite coupling panel, showing the state of the components of the coupling panel when cast together; Figure 38L This is a perspective view of two sub-coupled panels suitable for use on the corresponding free side of a composite coupling panel, showing a protective circular inner edge that is typically smaller than the size of a normal finger.

[0266] - Figure 38M and Figure 38N These are perspective views of two embodiments of the composite coupling panel system for assembly and angular displacement during four different stages;

[0267] - Figure 38O It utilizes multiple Figure 38K A perspective view of an elongated composite coupling panel cast from a composite coupling panel, and Figure 38O-1 yes Figure 38O Detail magnification of 25;

[0268] - Figure 38P and Figure 38Q Is it separate from Figure 38O A perspective view of two cast-end slender composite coupling panels that can be joined together, and... Figure 38P-1 and Figure 38Q-1 These are magnified versions of details 26 and 27, respectively;

[0269] - Figure 38R , Figure 38S and Figure 38T It includes multiple Figure 38OA perspective view of the connection system of the slender coupling panels, shown in a flat structure, a first part of the curled structure, and a second part of the curled structure, and respectively in... Figure 38R-1 , Figure 38S-1 and Figure 38T-1 Enlarged views of details 28 to 30 are shown;

[0270] - Figure 38U These are perspective views of six types of composite coupling panels, each shown in both exploded and assembled form;

[0271] - Figure 38V This is a perspective view of another embodiment of the composite coupling panel, wherein, Figure 38V a is an exploded view of its sub-coupled panels. Figure 38V b is Figure 38V The assembly diagram of the sub-coupled panels of a when they are positioned to abut each other, and Figure 38V c is Figure 38V An assembled view of the sub-coupled panels of a when they are cast together;

[0272] - Figure 38W This is a perspective view of another embodiment of the elongated composite coupling panel, wherein, Figure 38W b is a thin, elongated composite coupling panel in the middle, comprising multiple 38Vc composite coupling panels, and Figure 38W b-1 is Figure 38W The details of b are magnified by 32, and Figure 38W a and Figure 38W c is the same as Figure 38W The middle panel of b can be coupled to two slender composite coupling panels at their ends, while Figure 38W a-1 and Figure 38W c-1 are respectively Figure 38W a and Figure 38W Enlarged details of c 31 and 33;

[0273] - Figure 38X It includes Figure 38W A perspective view of the connection system of a slender composite coupling panel, in Figure 38X a. Figure 38X b and Figure 38X c is shown in terms of curled structure, partially unfolded structure, and flat structure, while Figure 38X a-1、 Figure 38X b-1 and Figure 38X c are respectively Figure 38X Enlarged detail of AC from 34 to 36;

[0274] - Figure 38Y This is a perspective view of a semi-concealed sealing unit. Figure 38Y a and Figure 38Y b is shown in terms of both curled and flat structures, while Figure 38Y a-1 and Figure 38Y b-1 are magnifications of details 37 to 38, respectively. Figure 38Y c illustrates the 38Xc connection system, and Figure 38Y Figure d illustrates the frame unit of a pluggable connection system, while Figure 38Y c-1 and Figure 38Y d-1 are magnifications of details 39 to 40 respectively;

[0275] - Figure 38Z This is a perspective view of a fully concealed sealing unit, where the concealment-enhancing envelope is rendered transparent. Figure 38Z a and Figure 38Z b is shown in terms of both curled and flat structures, while Figure 38Z a-1 and Figure 38Z b-1 are magnifications of details 41 to 42, respectively. Figure 38Z c illustrates the 38Xc connection system, and Figure 38Z d shows a transparent rendering envelope for a pluggable connection system, while Figure 38Z c-1 and Figure 38Z d-1 are magnifications of details 43 to 44 respectively;

[0276] - Figure 39 It is a method used to apply bonding material evenly to the walls of a building;

[0277] - Figure 40 It is a perspective view of a roll constructed as a system of linked material flattening;

[0278] - Figure 40A yes Figure 40 45x magnification of the details;

[0279] - Figure 41 yes Figure 40 A plan view of the roll shows its inward-facing surface flattened onto the wall, and Figure 41A and Figure 42B These are magnifications of details 46 to 47, respectively;

[0280] - Figure 42A is with Figure 40 An external view of a portion of the roll-related sheet, showing its longitudinal recess when unfolded;

[0281] - Figure 42B is with Figure 40 An external view of a portion of the roll-associated sheet when unfolded and when the reinforcing strip is inserted into its corresponding recess;

[0282] - Figure 43 It is equipped with multiple reinforcing bands and Figure 40 The perspective exterior view of a fully opened sheet associated with the roll;

[0283] - Figure 44A and Figure 44B Is it separate from Figure 40 The perspective interior and exterior views of a portion of a fully opened sheet associated with a roll;

[0284] - Figure 45 It is suitable for and Figure 40 The side view of the two coupling panels used in the material leveling system is shown when one coupling panel is angularly displaced about the other, and a third coupling panel is further shown locked into the fourth coupling panel.

[0285] - Figure 45A This is a perspective view of another embodiment of a deployable link material flattening system shown when a sheet is partially applied to a building wall, and Figure 45B It is a magnified view of its details (48);

[0286] - Figures 46A to 46B These are plan views of a deployable link material flattening system according to another embodiment, shown respectively when the sheet is in a rolled-up form and when it is being applied to a building wall;

[0287] - Figure 47 According to one embodiment and Figure 46A An external perspective view of a portion of a sheet that can be used in an expandable link material flattening system;

[0288] - Figure 47A This is a perspective view of the outer and inner surfaces of another embodiment of a wall-mountable sheet, and Figure 47B It is an enlarged version of detail 49;

[0289] - Figure 48 It is a plan view of a retaining structure that can be used in conjunction with the unfoldable link material flattening system of Figure 46, and is constructed with multiple series-connected coupling panels arranged in a coiled form, the sheets not shown.

[0290] - Figure 49 is with Figure 48 The retaining structure combines multiple separate coupling panels in a plan view, each of which consists of two side elements;

[0291] - Figure 50A is with Figure 48 The retaining structure is combined with a plan view of the PMA coupling panel that can be used;

[0292] - Figure 50B yes Figure 50A A perspective view of the coupled panel, and Figure 50C It is a magnified view of its details;

[0293] - Figure 51A is with Figure 48 The retaining structure is combined with a perspective view of two pairs of adjacent peripheral PMA coupling panels, shown when separated from each other;

[0294] - Figure 51B yes Figure 51A A perspective view of two pairs of peripherally adjacent PMA coupling panels, shown when they are connected to each other by their built-in inner axes;

[0295] - Figure 51C yes Figure 51B A perspective view of two pairs of interconnected peripheral PMA coupling panels, shown when each pair of coupling panels can be releasably coupled to each other.

[0296] - Figure 52A and Figure 52B yes Figure 50A A plan view of the two PMA coupling panels, connected by an internal axis, shown in both expanded and retracted states;

[0297] - Figure 53 yes Figure 46B A plan view of the unfolded area of ​​the retaining structure, schematically showing the device used to increase the vertical stiffness of the PMA coupling panel;

[0298] - Figures 54A to 54D These are used to insert thin sheets. Figure 48 A perspective view of the four stages of the process of maintaining the inter-ring gap in the structure, wherein, Figures 54A-1 to 54D-1 These are magnifications of details 51 to 54, respectively;

[0299] - Figure 55 yes Figure 48 A plan view of the retaining structure, showing the sheet after it has been inserted into the inter-ring gap;

[0300] - Figure 56 This is a plan view of a coiled retaining structure according to another embodiment, showing when the sheet is inserted into its inter-coil gap;

[0301] - Figure 57 yes Figure 56 An exploded view of the retaining structure, showing only the coupling panel with reinforced components in the plan view;

[0302] - Figures 58A to 58B yes Figure 56 The plan view of the retaining structure is shown separately when it is applied to the building walls in a curled form and partially;

[0303] - Figure 58CThis is a perspective view of one embodiment of a rigid sheet that can be integrated with connecting materials, showing its inner and outer surfaces; Figure 58D yes Figure 58C A perspective view of the outer surface of the rigid plate, and Figure 58D-1 It is a magnified view of its details;

[0304] - Figure 58E This is a perspective view of the outer surface of another embodiment of the rigid plate, and Figure 58E-1 It is a magnified view of its details 56;

[0305] - Figure 58F This is a perspective view of the inner and outer surfaces of another embodiment of an integrally linked material sheet, and Figure 58G It is an enlarged view of detail 57, which shows the holes introduced into the linking material when the sheet becomes transparent;

[0306] - Figure 58H This is a perspective view of the inner and outer surfaces of another embodiment of an integrally linked material sheet, and Figure 58I It is a magnified view of detail 58, showing what happens when the sheet becomes transparent;

[0307] - Figure 59 It is a cross-sectional view of the vertical wall and the frame elements attached thereto, showing the roll of the coupling panel of the paneling system mounted thereon, wherein, Figure 59A and Figure 59B These are magnified versions of details 59 and 60, respectively;

[0308] - Figure 60A yes Figure 59 A front view of the paneling system, in which, Figure 60A-1 , Figure 60A-2 and Figure 60A-3 These are magnifications of details 61 to 63, respectively.

[0309] - Figure 60B yes Figure 59 The front view of the panel system shows the roll of the coupling panel.

[0310] - Figure 61A is with Figure 59 A perspective view of the paneling system combined with the coupling panel shows the protruding pins embedded therein, where... Figure 61A-1 It is a magnified view of its details (64);

[0311] - Figures 61B to 61D It is used to Figure 61A A side sectional view of the device in which the protruding pin is connected to the coupling panel, wherein, Figure 61B The cover plate is shown. Figure 61C The pin is shown, and Figure 61DThe combination of cover plate and pin is shown, while protruding from the cover plate;

[0312] - Figure 61E and Figure 61F yes Figure 61A-1 A cross-sectional view of the coupling panel, along Figure 61A-1 When the CC plane is cut, hidden lines indicating the serrated holes formed therein are shown, respectively when not connected and when connected to the pin;

[0313] - Figure 62A is with Figure 59 The panel system is combined with the guide rails used in the front perspective view, in which... Figure 62A-1 It's a 65-fold magnification of the details;

[0314] - Figure 62B It is able to Figure 62A A perspective view of the front portion of the guide rail-coupled slotted profile, wherein... Figure 62B-1 It is a magnified view of its details 66;

[0315] - Figure 62C It is from Figure 62B A perspective view of the front portion of the frame components assembled with slotted profiles and the corresponding guide rails, wherein... Figure 62C-1 It is an enlarged version of detail 67;

[0316] - Figure 63A It involves Figure 59 A schematic diagram of the roll unfolding operation in the side view, wherein, Figure 63A-1 It is a magnified version of its details 68;

[0317] - Figure 63B It involves Figure 59 A schematic diagram in the side view of the coiling operation, wherein, Figure 63B-1 It is an enlarged version of its detail 69;

[0318] - Figure 63C This is a perspective view of the top and front of a mating connectable component in a panel system according to another embodiment, wherein, Figure 63C-1 This is a diagram of the coupling panel. Figure 63C-2 and Figure 63C-3 These are illustrations of two different types of studs, and Figure 63C-4 , Figure 63C -5 and Figure 63C-6 These are magnifications of details 70 to 72, respectively;

[0319] - Figure 63D This is a perspective view of the inner and outer surfaces of a single-piece plate according to one embodiment, wherein, Figure 63D-1 It is an enlarged version of its detail 73;

[0320] - Figure 63EThis is a perspective view of the inner and outer surfaces of a monolithic plate according to another embodiment, wherein, Figure 63E-1 It is a magnified version of its details 74;

[0321] - Figure 63F It is installed on a horizontal stud. Figure 63D A perspective view of a single-piece board, in which, Figure 63G-1 and Figure 63G-2 These are magnified views of details 75 and 76, respectively.

[0322] - Figure 63H It is installed on a vertical stud. Figure 63E A perspective view of a single-piece board, in which, Figures 63I to 63K These are magnifications of details 77 to 79, respectively.

[0323] - Figure 63L yes Figure 63D A perspective view of a single-piece panel, where the linking material is applied directly to specific discrete points on the exposed wall, wherein... Figure 63M-1 and Figure 63M-2 These are magnifications from above and the side of the single-chip microcontroller, respectively.

[0324] - Figure 63N yes Figure 63D A perspective view of a single-panel structure, with the connecting material fully applied to the exposed wall, in which... Figure 630 It's a magnified view from above the panel;

[0325] - Figure 64 This is a top perspective view of the four unconnected structures of the mosaic panel system when unfolded at the top of the base surface;

[0326] - Figure 65 When fully unfolded on the base surface, Figure 64 Top perspective view of four unconnected structures in a mosaic panel system;

[0327] - Figure 66 It is when the four structures are joined together and fully unfolded on the base plane. Figure 64 A plan view of the mosaic panel system, schematically illustrating the method used to combine the structures together;

[0328] - Figure 67A This is a perspective view above two interlocking, coupled panel segments, showing the absence of laminated layers, where... Figure 67A-1 It is an 80-degree magnification of its details;

[0329] - Figure 67B yes Figure 67A A perspective view above the mosaic panel segment, showing what happens when a laminate layer is applied. Figure 67B-1 , Figure 67B-2 , Figure 67B-3 and Figure 67B-4 These are enlarged details 81-4, showing an exemplary arrangement of the profile portion;

[0330] - Figure 68 yes Figure 67B A perspective view above the mosaic panel segment, shown in both non-pivoted and pivoted forms;

[0331] - Figure 69 It is used for Figure 64 A perspective view above a partially unfolded structure comprising multiple interlocking coupled panels in a mosaic panel system, showing the absence of laminates and removable common sheets;

[0332] - Figure 70 yes Figure 69 A perspective view above the partially unfolded structure, showing a common thin film with laminated layers but no removable ones, while also showing various mosaic panel segments;

[0333] - Figure 71 yes Figure 69 A perspective view above the partially unfolded structure, showing the laminated layers and removable common sheet;

[0334] - Figure 72A yes Figure 71 A side view of the partially unfolded structure;

[0335] - Figure 72B It is when fully unfolded Figure 72A A side view of part of the structure;

[0336] - Figure 72C When fully unfolded and the common sheet is partially removed Figure 72A A side view of a part of the structure;

[0337] - Figure 72D It is when fully unfolded and the common sheet is completely removed. Figure 72A A side view of a part of the structure;

[0338] - Figure 73 yes Figure 69 A top view of the structure, showing the coupled panels and corresponding mosaic panel segments;

[0339] - Figures 74 to 76 These are top views of three other structures, each showing the coupled panels and corresponding mosaic panel segments that are connected to each other;

[0340] - Figure 77 It is a combination Figures 73 to 76 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the coupling panel type used in the structure;

[0341] - Figure 78It is a perspective view of multiple profile sections, in which... Figure 66 The coupled panels used in the mosaic panel system can be constructed;

[0342] - Figure 80A and Figure 80B These are enlarged perspective views of the two profile sections shown in Figure 79.

[0343] Figure 80C is a perspective view of two profile sections, including... Figure 80A The profile components, when assembled together;

[0344] - Figures 80A to 80B and Figure 81 The diagrams illustrate the relationship between the two. Figure 66 The mosaic panel system combines three coupled panel types;

[0345] - Figures 82 to 85 These are top views of four different structures, each schematically illustrating the arrangement of the coupling type used.

[0346] - Figures 86A to 86C These are perspective views above two laterally spaced coupling panels shown in the three stages of the method for interconnecting the I-connecting mosaic panel segments. Figure 86B-1 yes Figure 86B The details are magnified to 85, and Figure 86C-1 yes Figure 86C 86% magnification of the details;

[0347] - Figures 87A to 87C These are perspective views above multiple coupled panels shown in the three stages of the method for interconnecting the r-connected mosaic panel segments, where... Figure 87B-1 , Figure 87B-2 and Figure 87B-3 They are Figure 87B Enlarged details 87 to 89; Figures 88A to 88C These are perspective views above multiple coupled panels shown in the three stages of the U-connected mosaic panel segment interconnection method, where... Figure 88B-1 , Figure 88B-2 , Figure 88B-3 and Figure 88B-4 They are Figure 88B Enlarged details from 88 to 91;

[0348] - Figures 89A to 89C These are perspective views above multiple coupled panels shown in the four stages of the L-connection mosaic panel segment interconnection method, wherein Figure 897B-1 and Figure 89B-2 They are Figure 89B Enlarged details 92 to 93;

[0349] - Figure 90This is a perspective view above the first and second deployable components, showing how the second component becomes interlocked with the first component when deployed;

[0350] - Figure 91 This includes when they are combined. Figure 90 A top view of the first and second component mosaic panel system, schematically illustrating the various methods of interlocking used;

[0351] - Figure 92 It includes when they are combined. Figure 90 A top view of the mosaic panel system of the first and second components, schematically showing the locations where the horizontal FTGs are interconnected in thick lines;

[0352] - Figure 93A and Figure 93B It is when they are angularly displaced Figure 67A A side view of two coupled panels that are joined together, showing when they are joined together by laminates and continuous joints, respectively;

[0353] - Figures 94A to 94C and Figures 95A to 95B These are side views of five structural volumes, showing the relationship between the diameter of the structural volume and the length of the corresponding structure when unfolded;

[0354] - Figure 96A It is a perspective view of a continuous appearance element defined by two continuous plates and two fully coplanar hinges, showing the absence of laminates;

[0355] - Figure 96B yes Figure 96A A perspective view of the components, showing the effect when the two plates are angularly displaced relative to each other;

[0356] - Figure 96C and Figure 96D When a laminated layer is installed Figure 96A A perspective view of the components, showing when the two plates are set to coplanar and angular displacement relationships, respectively;

[0357] - Figure 97A When transparent Figure 96A A perspective view of two separate and unconnected parts of the hinge;

[0358] - Figure 97B This includes interconnected elements that are set to coplanar. Figure 97A A perspective view of the fully coplanar hinge of the two components; Figure 97C It is when they are interconnected and set to angular displacement relationship. Figure 97A A perspective view of the two components;

[0359] - Figure 98A yes Figure 97B A perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, showing the absence of a first pivot-generating element;

[0360] - Figure 98B yes Figure 97B A perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, showing the absence of a second pivot-generating element;

[0361] - Figure 98C yes Figure 97B A perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, showing a first pivot generating element and a second pivot generating element;

[0362] - Figure 99 yes Figure 97B A perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, showing the central straight line region that forms the connection between the two coupling panels;

[0363] - Figure 100 It is a combination Figure 97B A perspective view of the first pivoting element used in the hinge;

[0364] - Figure 101 It is a combination Figure 97B A perspective view of the second pivoting element used in the hinge;

[0365] - Figure 102A yes Figure 97B Another perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, shows the first and second interconnected pivot generating elements in the coplanar configuration;

[0366] - Figure 102B yes Figure 97B Another perspective cross-sectional view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, shows the first interconnected pivot generating element and the second interconnected pivot generating element in an angular displacement relationship;

[0367] - Figures 103A to 103C It is transparent. Figure 97B The perspective view of the hinge is shown in coplanar, first pivot configuration and second pivot configuration respectively;

[0368] - Figures 104A to 104C It is transparent. Figure 97B A side view of the hinge to show the protrusion of the toothed groove of the FTG connection relative to the arcuate arm, shown in coplanar, first pivot configuration and second pivot configuration respectively;

[0369] - Figures 105A to 105B yes Figure 97BThe rear perspective view of the hinge is shown with the first pivot configuration and the second pivot configuration respectively;

[0370] - Figures 106A to 106B yes Figure 97B The perspective view of the hinge schematically illustrates its ability to withstand two different time types;

[0371] - Figure 107A yes Figure 99 A perspective view of two cross-sectional coupled panels, which are separated from each other;

[0372] - Figure 107B It is already relative to Figure 107A The perspective view of the two cross-sectional coupling panels has been modified, showing them simultaneously separated from each other;

[0373] - Figure 107C yes Figure 107B A perspective view of two modified coupled panels, showing that they are simultaneously connected to each other and configured as coplanar;

[0374] - Figure 107D yes Figure 107B A perspective view of two modified coupled panels, showing them simultaneously connected to each other and set to an angle-restricted pivot position;

[0375] - Figure 108A This is a perspective view of another embodiment of a fully coplanar hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, and showing two separate pivot-generating elements.

[0376] - Figures 108B to 108C yes Figure 108A A perspective view of the hinge, cut along a plane parallel to its upper surface, showing two interconnected pivot generating elements at coplanar and angularly restricted pivot positions.

[0377] - Figure 109 and Figure 110 It is a side view of two connecting systems that are connected to each other during and after the unfolding operation to produce a two-way rigid plate;

[0378] - Figures 111A to 111B These are side views of the connection system before and after the prestressing operation;

[0379] - Figures 111C to 111D These are side views of the two connection systems before and after the prestressing operation;

[0380] - Figure 112A and Figure 112B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface contracting and extending, respectively.Figure 112A-1 and Figure 112B-1 These are magnifications of details 94 to 95 respectively;

[0381] - Figure 113A and Figure 113B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface contracting and extending, respectively, wherein... Figure 113A-1 and Figure 113B-1 These are magnifications of details 96 to 97 respectively;

[0382] - Figure 114A and Figure 114B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface contracting and extending, respectively, wherein... Figure 114A-1 and Figure 114B-1 These are magnifications of details 98 to 99 respectively;

[0383] - Figure 115A and Figure 115B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface contracting and extending, respectively, wherein... Figure 115C and Figure 115D These are magnifications of details 100 to 101, respectively.

[0384] - Figure 116A and Figure 116B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface extending and contracting, wherein... Figure 116A-1 and Figure 116B-1 These are magnifications of details 102 to 103, respectively;

[0385] - Figure 117A and Figure 117B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out support surface system, showing the support surface extending and contracting, wherein... Figure 117A-1 and Figure 117B-1 These are magnifications of details 104 to 105, respectively.

[0386] - Figure 118A and Figure 118B This is a top view of the post-extension partition unit, with the upper outer shell wall removed, showing the partition in both retracted and extended states. Figure 118A-1 , Figure 118B-1 and Figure 118B-2 These are magnifications of details 106 to 108, respectively.

[0387] - Figures 119A to 119D This is a top view of the wall opening, showing it completely unobstructed. Figure 118AWhen the partition unit is attached to the wall surface adjacent to the opening, when the partition is partially extended, and when the partition is fully extended;

[0388] - Figures 120A to 120C yes Figure 118A A top view of the wall to which the partition unit is pivotally attached, showing the partition extended when the housing is in a first pivot position, the housing is in a second pivot position, and the partition is extended when the housing is in the second pivot position;

[0389] - Figures 121A to 121D yes Figure 118A A horizontal cross-sectional view of the wall to which the partition unit is pivotally attached is shown, respectively, when the housing is positioned in a first pivot position and accommodated in a cavity formed in the wall, the housing is pulled out of the cavity, the housing is positioned in a second pivot position, and the partition is extended when the housing is positioned in the second pivot position;

[0390] - Figures 122A to 122B It includes three interconnected series. Figure 118A A top view of the wall to which the partition unit is pivotally attached, showing the system when it is set in two different pivot positions;

[0391] - Figures 123A to 123C It includes three interconnected series. Figure 118A A top view of the walls to which the partition unit system is pivotally attached is shown in three different arrangements;

[0392] - Figures 124A to 124C yes Figure 122A The system is pivotally attached to a horizontal cross-sectional view of the wall, showing the system in a first pivot position and accommodated in a cavity formed within the wall, pulled out of the cavity, and in a second pivot position; Figure 125A and Figure 125B This is a top view of another embodiment of the pull-out partition unit, with the upper outer shell wall removed, showing the partition retracting and extending, respectively. Figure 125B-1 yes Figure 125B A magnified view of the details in 109;

[0393] - Figure 126A and Figure 126B yes Figure 125A A horizontal cross-sectional view of the pulled-out partition unit, which is also housed in a cavity formed within the wall, showing the partition as it contracts and expands, respectively;

[0394] - Figure 127A and Figure 127B This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pull-out partition unit, housed within a cavity formed in the wall, showing the partition as it contracts and expands, respectively. Figure 127A-1 and Figure 127B-1It is an enlargement of details 110 to 111;

[0395] - Figures 128A to 128B This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the sliding door cabinet, showing it when closed and open. Figure 128A-1 , Figure 128A-2 , Figure 128B-1 and Figure 128B-2 These are magnifications of details 112 to 114, respectively;

[0396] - Figures 129A to 129B This is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cabinet with pull-out shelves, showing the shelves when extended and retracted, respectively. Figure 129A-1 , Figure 129A-2 and Figure 129B-1 These are magnifications of details 116 to 118, respectively;

[0397] - Figure 130 is with Figure 129A A perspective view of an embodiment of a rack used together with a server rack, wherein, Figure 130A It is an enlarged version of its detail 119;

[0398] - Figure 130A-1 and Figure 130B These are perspective views of a reconfigurable bed system shown in both coiled and unfolded configurations, respectively. Figure 130C and Figure 130D These are magnifications of details 120 to 121, respectively;

[0399] - Figure 130E yes Figure 130B An exploded view of the bed system, in which, Figures 130F to 130H These are magnifications of details 122 to 124, respectively;

[0400] - Figure 130I yes Figure 130B A perspective view of the lower side of the bed system, in which, Figures 130J to 130L These are enlargements of details 125 to 127, such that each enlargement shows an exploded and assembled view of a given support element;

[0401] - Figure 130M yes Figure 130B A perspective view of the lower side of the bed system, showing the bed when the legs are pivoted to the closed position. Figures 130N to 130P and Figure 130P-1 These are magnifications of details 128 to 131, respectively;

[0402] - Figure 130Q yes Figure 130B A perspective view of the bed system, showing the bed when the legs are pivoted to the extended position, in which... Figure 130R to Figure 130T These are magnifications of details 132 to 134, respectively;

[0403] - Figure 130U yes Figure 130J Another perspective view of the support element shows the legs when pivoted to the unextended position;

[0404] - Figure 130V to Figure 130X yes Figure 130J The perspective view of the supporting elements shows the construction pivoting to the deployed position via three different pivots;

[0405] - Figures 131A to 131F These are perspective views of six different arc-shaped arm configurations, in one embodiment of a fully coplanar hinge, each shown in a front view and a rear view of the different configurations;

[0406] - Figure 132A This is a perspective view of two cubes positioned at a pivot point where a fully coplanar hinge can be inserted, according to an embodiment, showing an arcuate arm that does not have faces connected to each other.

[0407] - Figure 132B This is a perspective view of the two sets of interconnected arc arms when set at the pivot position, showing a cube without a cube.

[0408] - Figure 132C This is a perspective view of the pivot generating element, including... Figure 132B The interconnected arc arms and cube, when set at the first pivot position;

[0409] - Figure 132D This is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fully coplanar hinge located at a first pivot position, showing a hinge with... Figure 132C Pivoting generating element;

[0410] - Figure 132E When it is set at the second pivot position Figure 132D A perspective view of a fully coplanar hinge;

[0411] - Figure 133A This is a perspective view of two cubes positioned at a pivot point where a fully coplanar hinge can be inserted, according to another embodiment, showing an arcuate arm without face-to-face connections.

[0412] - Figure 133B This is a perspective view of the two sets of interconnected arc arms when set at the pivot position, showing a cube without a cube.

[0413] - Figure 133C This is a perspective view of the pivot generating element, including... Figure 133B The interconnected arc arms and cube, when set at the first pivot position;

[0414] - Figure 133D This is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fully coplanar hinge located at a first pivot position, showing a hinge with... Figure 133C Pivoting generating element;

[0415] - Figure 133E When it is set at the second pivot position Figure 133D A perspective view of a fully coplanar hinge;

[0416] - Figure 133F (a) to Figure 133F (b) is a perspective view of the board used in the rollable table, shown in both rolled-up and unfolded configurations;

[0417] - Figure 133G (a) to Figure 133G (b) is a perspective view of a board covered with a protective cover for use in a rollable table, shown in both rolled-up and unfolded configurations.

[0418] - Figure 133H (a) to Figure 133H (d) are respectively used for assembly and Figure 133F (b) A perspective view of the four stages of a rollable table with integrated panels;

[0419] - Figure 133I (a) to Figure 133I (d) are respectively used for assembly and Figure 133F (b) A perspective view of the four stages of a plate-jointed rollable stool;

[0420] - Figure 133J (a) to Figure 133J (c) is a perspective view of the reinforced square pool, showing the pool assembly, the reinforced external band connection system, and the assembled pool;

[0421] - Figure 133K (a) to Figure 133K (c) is a perspective view of the reinforced circular pool, showing the pool assembly, the reinforced external band connection system, and the assembled pool;

[0422] - Figure 133L (a) to Figure 133L (b) is a perspective view of a rollable plate system for mixing materials according to one embodiment, shown in both unfolded and rolled configurations;

[0423] - Figure 133L (c) to Figure 133L (d) is a perspective view of a rollable plate system for mixing materials according to another embodiment, shown in unfolded and rolled configurations, respectively;

[0424] - Figure 133M (a) to Figure 133M(c) are perspective views of three stages for assembling a rollable linear container constructed according to one embodiment;

[0425] - Figure 133M (d) to Figure 133M (f) are perspective views of the three stages used to assemble the rollable straight container. Figure 133M (a) The device is covered with a protective cover;

[0426] - Figure 133N (a) to Figure 133N (c) are respectively used for curling Figure 133M (a) A perspective view of the three stages of the device;

[0427] - Figure 133O yes Figure 133M (a) is a perspective view of a strip of coupling panels included in the device, shown in an unpivoted assembled and disassembled configuration, wherein, Figure 133O-1 , Figure 133O-2 and Figure 133O-3 These are magnifications of details 135 to 137, respectively;

[0428] - Figure 133P yes Figure 133M (a) The device includes a perspective view of a strip of coupling panels of the device, shown in a pivoting assembly and disassembly configuration, wherein, Figure 133P-1 , Figure 133P-2 , Figure 133P-3 and Figure 133P-4 These are magnifications of details 138 to 141, respectively.

[0429] - Figure 133Q (a) to Figure 133Q (c) are perspective views of three stages for assembling a rollable linear container constructed according to another embodiment, wherein, Figure 133Q (a)-1、 Figure 133Q (b)-1 and Figure 133Q (c)-1 are magnifications of details 142 to 144, respectively;

[0430] - Figure 133R (a) to Figure 133R (b) is a perspective view of a rollable tubular container system according to an embodiment, shown in both rolled-up and unfolded configurations;

[0431] - Figure 133R (c) to Figure 133R (d) is a perspective view of the rollable tubular container system when the device of 133R(a) is covered with a protective cover, shown in both rolled-up and unfolded configurations.

[0432] - Figure 133S (a) to Figure 133S (c) is related to Figure 133R (b) A perspective view of the substrate used in conjunction with the container, showing the container when uncovered, when covered by a protective sleeve, and when the sleeve is transparent;

[0433] - Figure 133T (a) to Figure 133T (d) are for assembly Figure 133R (b) A perspective view of the four stages of the container, wherein, Figure 133T (a)-1、 Figure 133T (b)-1、 Figure 133T (c)-1 and Figure 133T (d)-1 are magnifications of details 145 to 148, respectively;

[0434] - Figure 133U (a) to Figure 133U (c) is a perspective view of a rollable tubular container system according to another embodiment, shown in assembled, disassembled and rolled configurations, respectively;

[0435] - Figure 133V (a) to Figure 133V (d) are for assembly Figure 133U (a) A perspective view of the four stages of the container, where, Figure 133V (a)-1、 Figure 133V (a)-2、 Figure 133V (b)-1、 Figure 133V (c)-1 and Figure 133V (d)-1 are magnifications of details 149 to 153, respectively;

[0436] - Figure 133W (a) to Figure 133W (f) is a perspective view of a rigid circular bag according to one embodiment, showing the assembly structure and five disassembly stages respectively;

[0437] - Figure 133X (a) to Figure 133X (d) is a perspective view of an uncovered liner in a rigid circular bag according to one embodiment, showing the liner when flat, uneven, partially curled, and fully curled, respectively. Figure 133X (a)-1、 Figure 133X (b)-1 and Figure 133X (d)-1 are magnifications of details 154 to 156, respectively;

[0438] - Figure 133X (e) to Figure 133X (h) is when covered by a protective cover. Figure 133X (a) A perspective view of the padding, showing when it is flat, uneven, partially curled and completely curled;

[0439] - Figure 133Y (a) to Figure 133Y (d) is a perspective view of the bag system, showing a flexible bag, a connection system for a rigid bag, two separate sidewalls of the connection system, and its curling or folding components;

[0440] - Figures 134A to 134C This is a perspective view of the fence application system, showing three different volumes of the connection system when applied to the fence frame;

[0441] - Figures 135A to 135C This is a perspective view of the fence application system, showing three different volumes of the connection system when applied to a construction wall;

[0442] - Figures 136A to 136D This is a perspective view of the roof application system, showing four different rolls of the connection system when applied to the roof surface;

[0443] - Figure 137 This is a perspective view of the solar cell sheet application system when applied to a roof surface;

[0444] - Figures 137A to 137D This is a perspective view of the safety vest, showing what it looks like when worn by a user. Figure 17 Unevenness in A and 137C and in Figure 137B and 137D Leveling;

[0445] - Figures 137E to 137J This is a perspective view of the safety suit, showing the uneven elbow sleeve, the flat elbow sleeve, the uneven knee sleeve, the flat knee sleeve, the uneven ankle support, and the flat knee support when worn by the user.

[0446] - Figures 137K to 137M This is a perspective view of the rollable screen system, showing it not installed, partially installed, and fully installed on the wall. Figures 137N to 137P It is an enlargement of details 157 to 159;

[0447] - Figures 137Q to 137S They are respectively with Figure 137K The screen system combines perspective views of three coupled panels, each shown in exploded and assembled views, wherein, Figures 137T to 137V It is an enlargement of its details 160 to 162;

[0448] - Figure 137W (a) to Figure 137W (b) is a perspective view of the assembled structure, showing both the covered and uncovered states; Figure 137X (a) to Figure 137X (b) is a flat structure. Figure 137W(a) is a perspective view of the structure, showing it when covered by a protective cover and when uncovered;

[0449] - Figures 138A to 138C It is a perspective view of two thin sheets used as unsegmented webs;

[0450] - Figures 139A to 139B This is a perspective view of a four-layer sheet used as a non-segmented web;

[0451] - Figures 140A to 140B yes Figure 139A A perspective view of the thin sheet, showing its unidirectional bending capability;

[0452] - Figure 141 and Figure 142 This is a perspective view of another embodiment of a transparent, unsegmented sheet of material, showing its unidirectional bending capability;

[0453] - Figure 143 This is a side view of another embodiment of the coupling panel, wherein its two coupled coupling panels are in... Figure 143A The flat structure is shown in the middle and in Figure 143B The non-flat structure is shown in the middle;

[0454] - Figure 144 This is a side view of another embodiment of the coupling panel, wherein its two coupled coupling panels are in... Figure 144A The flat structure is shown in the middle and in Figure 144B The non-flat structure is shown in the middle;

[0455] - Figures 145A to 145C It includes Figure 143 The perspective views of the composite coupling panel of the coupling panel are shown in exploded view, adjacent view and cast view respectively;

[0456] - Figures 146A to 146C It includes Figure 145C The perspective views of the composite coupling panel are shown in exploded view, adjacent view and cast view, respectively.

[0457] - Figures 147A to 147B It includes multiple Figure 146C A perspective view of the elongated coupling panel of the composite coupling panel, shown in adjacent view and casting view respectively;

[0458] - Figures 147C to 147D It is two things that are combined. Figure 147B Perspective views of the elongated coupling panels, shown in both flat and non-flat configurations; and

[0459] - Figures 148A to 148CThis is a side view of a smartphone including a connection system according to an embodiment, shown in configurations that are fully closed, partially closed, and fully open. Detailed Implementation

[0460] The reconfigurable web, whether segmented or unsegmented, includes a direction-sensitive displacement facilitator for promoting curling or folding of the web in a first direction to maintain it in a non-flat state and in a second direction to form a unidirectional rigid and flat surface. The second direction is typically opposite to the first direction, but not necessarily. The web also includes force transmission devices for enhancing web strength, such that when the web is flat, it will mimic the behavior and strength of various monolithic surfaces. The reinforced web exhibits a rigid monolithic surface, while the weakened web exhibits a flexible monolithic surface.

[0461] The aim is to provide a reconfigurable web with unidirectional flatness and unidirectional stiffness to create an illustrative appearance and provide the strength of a monolithic surface when flat. However, webs tend to curl or unroll when uneven and remain in the curled or unrolled configuration, showing no tendency to revert to a flat configuration compared to an elastic monolithic surface. Similar to a monolithic elastic surface with a wide range of rigidity and flexibility, the web of the present invention can be designed with customized levels of rigidity or flexibility. A web with significantly high load-bearing capacity and high resistance to deformation, especially flexural deformation, in the flat position, and a smooth appearance similar to a monolithic surface, is called a "reinforced web." A web with weaker load-bearing capacity, lower resistance to deformation in the horizontal position, and a less necessarily smooth appearance is called a "weakened web." Definitions distinguishing between reinforced and weakened webs have been previously proposed. The web of the present invention aims to combine these properties, thereby paving the way for numerous useful applications, as will become apparent as the description proceeds.

[0462] The following description primarily concerns segmented webs arranged such that their adjacent portions are appropriately interconnected as a connecting system to facilitate displacement in a first or second direction, and various implementations for using segmented webs. It should be understood that these implementations are equally applicable to modified, unsegmented webs.

[0463] The deployable unidirectional rigid and flat coupling system (UUSL CS) comprises multiple coupling panels, each interconnected with an adjacent panel, such that at a first angular position, all coupling panels can be arranged in a rolled-up or other manner for subsequent deployment, and at a second angular position, they are locked together after being unrolled to form a rigid and flat surface. While this description relates to a planar UUSL CS at the second angular position, it should be understood that the UUSL CS, once deployed at the second angular position, can also be designed such that the coupling panels will create any other rigid surface, such as an arcuate surface, as required. The five different types of coupling panels described herein are components of the UUSL CS and their implementations: folded tongue and slot (FTG) coupling panel, inner axis unit (IAU) coupling panel, reverse folded tongue and slot (IFTG) coupling panel, continuous joint (CJ) coupling panel, and polygonal central axis (PMA) coupling panel; each coupling panel is equipped with corresponding components. Combinations with other types of coupling panels are also within the scope of this invention.

[0464] Regarding the FTG type, a common sheet is attached to the normally visible upper surface of each of the multiple coupling panels. Through the interaction of the common sheet, each coupling panel can be angularly displaced relative to its adjacent coupling panels, such that its axis of rotation coincides with or is located near the upper surfaces of the multiple coupling panels when flat. In this way, the multiple coupling panels can be in a rolled-up form, for example... Figure 6 Volume 34, as shown, can also be stored compactly in a flat form when not in use, and can be rolled up or unfolded in one direction, as... Figure 7-8 As shown. When covered by an aesthetically pleasing common sheet, a coplanar, rigid, and horizontal continuous surface 42 is created, or when not covered by a common sheet, a composite surface 42a is created, although the uncurved coupling panel can have other configurations, such as curved configurations, depending on the desired shape of the surface. This prevents tears and wrinkles from occurring in the common sheet, as... Figure 4 , 17 Multiple FTG coupled panels are shown in any of 18 and 21A. They are constructed to transfer forces to a common sheet when subjected to large bending, shear, and axial forces. Although they can withstand angular displacement, when deployed, two adjacent reinforcing web coupled panels are connected strongly enough to ensure structural stability and minimal deformation under load.

[0465] like Figure 9A-CAs shown, the unfolded coupling panel can be designed with a curved structure, prestressed during unfolding, to almost completely avoid bending deformation at one edge under support and loading due to the initial strain of the preload and the corresponding stress generated within the CS. When prestressed, the CS exhibits low deformation even under high loads, while maintaining a low thickness of the coupling panel. Furthermore, when supported, the prestressed CS significantly reduces the size of the required support element due to its high self-contained load-bearing capacity under low deformation.

[0466] The IAU (Inner Axis Unit) coupled panel structure is as follows: Figures 26A-26B The inner axis elements shown in 27A-27C, 28A-28B, and 29A-29B provide an axis of rotation that coincides with or is slightly spaced from the generally visible main plane of the coupling panel (not necessarily the FTG coupling panel) to interconnect adjacent coupling panels and achieve their relative angular displacement, whether the UUSL-CS is rolled up or not, without using or except using a common sheet. When a common sheet is used, the inner axis elements serve as a means of almost completely avoiding the transfer of forces to the common sheet, excluding the significantly low and negligible stresses resulting from their own deformation.

[0467] IFTG (Inverted Tenon and Groove) coupling panels have different tenon and groove structures compared to FTG coupling panels, such as Figure 35B-3 As shown in 5C, 36A-36C, 37A-37B, and 38A, each adjacent FTG coupling panel rotates at an angle in the opposite direction relative to its corresponding FTG coupling panel when unfolded, as follows: Figures 37A-37B As shown. Therefore, using the IFTG coupling panel, it is possible to create UUSL CSs that generate the rotation axis of the coupling panel upon unfolding, thereby creating continuous surfaces relative to the FTG coupling panel located on opposite surfaces of the coupling panel. Figure 35B As shown in 38A, instead of Figure 35A With 38B, this property allows the common sheet to be rolled up when connected to the IFTG panel in a counter-clockwise direction as shown in the diagram, while when connected to the FTG coupling panel, the common sheet will rotate clockwise. Conversely, if the FTG and IFTG panels are configured to rotate in the same direction, the common sheet will be located at the opposite edges of the FTG and IFTG panels.

[0468] Figures 32A-32B The CJ (continuous joint) coupling panels shown in 33C and 34A-34D introduce an elastic element between two adjacent coupling panels, creating a smooth, curved joint surface when they undergo relative angular movement. The two adjacent coupling panels are connected to the CJ, and if used, forces are not transmitted to the common sheet, thus preventing damage to the easily torn common sheet.

[0469] Figure 50A-53 The polygonal central axis (PMA) coupling panels shown are all angular elements with two integrally formed side portions, such that when multiple PMA coupling panels are connected in series and are partially detachable, they produce... Figure 48 The diagram shows a polygonal retaining structure capable of rotating about a vertical axis. Two circumferentially adjacent PMA coupling panels are interconnected via a circumferentially connectable inner shaft (PIIA), a unidirectional pivot element that allows each adjacent PMA coupling panel of the roll to have a relative angular distribution during winding and curling, such that when the roll is flush with the wall, each PMA coupling panel has a first portion aligned with the wall and a second portion projecting inwards.

[0470] All of the above-mentioned components can function as both direction-sensitive displacement amplification elements and force transmission elements, although some components are better suited for force transmission than direction-sensitive displacement amplification elements, and vice versa. For example, FTG and IFTG coupling panels are primarily used as force transmitters, but also as direction-sensitive displacement amplification elements. IAU coupling panels are primarily used as direction-sensitive displacement amplification elements, but also as force transmitters. A web or coupling panel in which FTG and IAU elements interact with each other, possessing superior direction-sensitive displacement, facilitating and forcibly transmitting capabilities.

[0471] Although the specification associates UUSL CS with connection systems that include multiple coupling panels, it should be understood that connection systems can also include one or more unsegmented webs. Many implementations of UUSL CS are also applicable to modified unsegmented webs.

[0472] UUSL CS

[0473] UUSL CS supports applications that were previously impossible, including deployable tiling systems, deployable plaster slab systems, deployable roofing systems, deployable shelving systems, deployable table or bed systems, and systems that can be flipped from carpet or wallpaper rolls to unidirectional deployable rigid surfaces. It also includes plaster elements for decorative corners and arches, coplanar hinges, fishing rods that can be folded and stored in a very small, compact size, and, in some configurations, deployable bidirectional rigid systems used as doors or partitions. Coupling panels for UUSL CS components can be available in various sizes, such as 2*5*120cm for tiling systems and 0.5*1*10m for the concrete construction industry in bridge construction. Coupling panels can also be made from various materials, such as wood veneer, polymer materials, and metals that exhibit elastic behavior when loaded, as well as steel or reinforced concrete elements for architectural construction to regulate fracture strength. To ensure that the coupling panels can achieve satisfactory angular displacement when unfolded, but also to provide sufficient strength to withstand applied shear forces, bending moments, and axial forces if necessary, each coupling panel is preferably manufactured with high precision, for example by casting, injection, molding, CNC machining, or any other suitable manufacturing process.

[0474] The common sheet on the upper surface of the coupling panel is a structural element used only during deployment and does not need to bear high loads. When the coupling panels are locked together, the common sheet or inner shaft is designed not to transmit applied forces; in some embodiments, the common sheet can be disposed of after the multiple coupling elements have been deployed. In a system including a common sheet and an inner shaft (which can be an inner axis unit (IAU) or any of the aforementioned coupling panels, where the inner shaft is an integral part of the coupling panels, as shown below), when the coupling panels are not locked together, the common sheet will be permanently unloaded due to the force being transmitted to the inner shaft. The common sheet can be made of sheet, polymer fabrics such as PVC and polyethylene, fiberglass, PTFE, laminate, carbon fiber sheet, canvas, flexible iron or steel, or flexible steel mesh for rapid, high-load construction applications where aesthetic appearance is less important. The common sheet can be applied to the upper surface of the coupling panel by adhesive, assimilation, fusion, integration, or any other suitable attachment process.

[0475] FTG panel

[0476] A useful connection system is the Folding Tongue and Groove (FTG) coupling panel system. The FTG system is used to connect two or more independent coupling members by a tongue projecting outward from one member and a groove formed in adjacent members, such that the tongue is received in the groove, thus providing a locking connection after pivoting movement of adjacent members. Although each adjacent member is strongly connected together by such an arrangement, connecting a large number of members together is a time-consuming operation, especially when, for example, assembling a floor from members.

[0477] like Figure 7 As shown, it is desirable to provide an FTG-based connection system 42 that attaches a common sheet to the same surface of multiple connecting members. When not in use, this connection system would allow multiple coupling panels to be stored as deployable or rollable plates and to unfold unidirectionally upon contact with a base surface or when supported at one or more edges, to produce a rigid and aesthetically pleasing continuous surface in a shorter time than would be required to individually connect multiple separate plates. When the aesthetically pleasing surface needs to be removed, the multiple coupling panels can be configured to form a roll by rapidly displacing the roll in a second direction opposite to the first direction, thereby disengaging adjacent coupling members from each other and displacing them at an angle.

[0478] Various tenon and groove connection systems are known in the prior art; however, Figure 1 None of the common sheets connecting the same surface of the coupling panels shown are known, which is required to produce the desired stress dispersion, rigidity, and unidirectional level of the system. Even when the common sheet is attached to the same surface of multiple prior art coupling members, it does not maintain aesthetic appeal because the forces transmitted to it can cause invisible wrinkles or tears to form in the sheet.

[0479] Figure 1 A typical prior art cover plate 10 is shown, comprising a sheet-shaped tenon and groove, and a core 8 of the plate. The force applied to the plate when interconnected with adjacent prior art plates 5 and 25 is illustrated in the figure, where the plate is partially indicated by dashed lines and applied as a common sheet. The front tongue 15 of the panel 10 has a planar upper surface 16 and a convex lower surface 17, the planar upper surface 16 extending between points C and D, and the convex lower surface 17 extending from the extremely protruding point D to the adjacent core 8 at point F. The rear groove 22 of the panel 10 is defined by a planar upper surface 23 extending between points K and L of the upper horizontal wall 18, and a recessed lower surface 24 extending from point K to point I, coinciding with the extremely rear vertical surface 13 adjacent to the lower horizontal wall 19. The extreme rear vertical surface 13 is parallel to and positioned rearward from the intermediate rear surface 14, which extends between points A and L. The intermediate front surface 4 extends between points F and G. The extreme front surface 7 extends between points B and C and is positioned forward to the intermediate front surface 4. The planar upper surface 2 extends between points A and B, and the planar bottom surface 3 extends between points G and H.

[0480] like Figure 2As shown, when panels 5 and 10 of the prior art are bent and coupled together to prevent relative movement, after one panel rotates relative to the edge of the other panel, forces are transmitted through the corresponding tongue 15, lower wall 19, and upper wall 18. Due to the presence of the convex lower surface 17 of the tongue 15 of panel 10, which rests on the concave surface of the lower wall 19 of panel 5, a downwardly angled force F1 is generated acting on the lower wall 19 in the middle region of the arcuate JI of panel 5, with its opposing force F'1 acting on the lower surface 17 of the tongue of panel 10. Since force F1 has a horizontal component F1x, from an equilibrium perspective, the tensile horizontal force Fs must develop in the common sheet; therefore, longitudinal stress and deformation will develop in the common sheet, primarily in the region at point A, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this deformation causes panel 10 to rotate clockwise by an angle θ in the direction illustrated. The angular deformation i is cumulative, preventing the surface to which the common sheet is attached from becoming horizontal. Furthermore, due to the applied tensile stress, the common sheet will be stretched, and due to the high strain between the common sheet and the upper surface 2 of the panel, this typically leads to tearing and detachment of the common sheet. This high strain often results in plastic deformation of the common sheet, thereby reducing the appearance of the common sheet due to wrinkles after deformation.

[0481] like Figure 3 As shown, another drawback of the prior art panel 10 is the relative vertical movement between two adjacent panels under tension. When two adjacent panels are subjected to tension, the tension is suitable for horizontally moving point E of the tenon 15 to point F of the lower wall 26. However, since points E and F are at different heights, an inclined resultant force F6 is formed in the arc EF region resisting the horizontal displacement, and its vertical component F6Y pushes the tenon 15 of the panel 10 counterclockwise upward. Due to the relative vertical movement and shear force, the common sheet is prone to plastic deformation and peeling in the area closest to point A. Therefore, due to plastic deformation that occurs especially under cyclic loading, folds or even tears can be seen in the common sheet of the prior art panel 10, reducing the attractive appearance of the common sheet.

[0482] Despite the aforementioned disadvantages of UUSL CS including the prior art FTG coupling panel 10, UUSL CS including the FTG coupling panel 10 is satisfactory in some applications and is also within the scope of this invention.

[0483] Now for reference Figure 4 This illustrates an embodiment of a coupling panel 40 for a tongue and groove connection system. Orientational terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “front,” and “rear” refer to the relative orientation of the coupling panel 40, which is located on top of a horizontal bottom surface or supported by one or more horizontally placed edges. However, it should be understood that the invention is also applicable to the coupling panel 40 or any other coupling panel located in other orientations.

[0484] The coupling panel 40 has a parallel upper surface 46 and a lower surface 47, as well as a straight upper horizontal wall 48 and a lower horizontal wall 49, between which are defined a planar lower surface 41 of the upper horizontal wall 48, a planar upper surface 43 of the lower horizontal wall 49, and a vertical wall 44 extending between the upper wall 48 and the lower wall 49. The lower wall 49 protrudes rearward from the upper wall 48, which facilitates the transmission of shear force.

[0485] The front tenon 35, located between surfaces 46 and 47, has a planar upper surface 36 extending forward from the extreme front surface 31, which may be collinear with surface 41; a beveled edge 37 extending downward from the slightly truncated forward edge 33 of the tenon 35; and a lower surface 38 extending rearward from the beveled edge 37 to the intermediate front surface 39, which may be collinear with surface 43. The core 29 is adjacent to the tenon 35, the upper wall 48, and the lower wall 49. The intermediate front surface 39 is positioned rearward from the extreme front surface 31, which is substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 36 and the upper surface 46 of the tenon 35. A middle rear wall 53, parallel to the vertical wall 44, extends between surfaces 41 and 46, and an extreme rear wall 54, located behind the middle rear wall 53, extends between surfaces 43 and 47.

[0486] like Figure 5A As shown in Figure -B, a protrusion A1 can be added to the tongue-shaped lower surface 38, and a complementary recess A2 can be formed on the upper surface 43 of the lower wall 49 to interlock all coupling panels of the connection system when multiple coupling panels are opened. Although this arrangement of protrusions and recesses is shown in conjunction with coupling panel 40, it should be understood that this arrangement applies to all coupling panels and all applications herein.

[0487] Figure 10 A basic UUSL CS 60 is shown, comprising two coupling panels 40A and 40B locked together, and a common sheet 63 connected to the upper surface 46 of each coupling panel 40A and 40B. With this arrangement, one of the coupling panels can rotate relative to the other, and the axis of rotation P, coinciding with the upper plane 46 of the coupling panels 40A and 40B, also coincides with the common sheet 63, facilitating the curling or unfolding of the multiple coupling panels while preventing unsightly tears or folds from forming within the common sheet.

[0488] When coupling panels 40A and 40B are locked together, the tenon 35 of coupling panel 40B inserts into the groove 32 of coupling panel 40A, such that the upper tongue surface 36 of coupling panel 40B abuts the lower surface 41 of the upper wall of coupling panel 40A, and the tongue surface 38 of coupling panel 40B abuts the upper surface 43 of the lower wall of coupling panel 40A, thereby establishing the relationship between the paired right-angled elements of coupling panels 40A and 40B. This prevents them from disengaging during normal use of system 60 and prevents high forces from being generated in the common sheet or inner shaft during connection.

[0489] With the construction of the FTG coupling panel 40, a component of the UUSL CS 60, having a planar upper surface 43 of the lower wall, a planar lower surface 41 of the upper wall, and a planar upper surface 36 and a planar lower surface 38 of the tongue, although the extreme front surface 31 and the intermediate front surface 39 of the coupling panel 40B are adjacent to the intermediate rear wall 53 and the extreme rear wall 54 respectively, no force occurs in these adjacent surfaces. Therefore, when loaded, forces from a balanced perspective are transmitted from one coupling panel to another, such that they are essentially not transmitted to the common sheet 63. The coupling panels are designed such that surfaces 41 and 43 of the first coupling panel and surfaces 36 and 38 of the second coupling panel form contact with each other before surfaces 31 and 39 contact with surfaces 53 and 54, thereby completely preventing significant force transmission to the common sheet.

[0490] The ability to transfer forces from one coupled panel to another upon deployment is a significant advantage of UUSL CS, including the FTG coupled panel described herein or one of its other coupled panels, because it can distribute the load in all directions and exhibits similar performance upon deployment as... Figure 4A Similar to the monolithic planar structure shown, compared to traditional connection systems, it absorbs load by distributing the load in only one direction along its ribs, such as... Figure 4B As shown. The ability to distribute loads similar to a single plane greatly increases load-bearing capacity and significantly reduces deformation, especially under concentrated forces.

[0491] When unfolded, FTG UUSL CS can satisfactorily simulate continuous monolithic boards, and Figure 17 , 18 One of the FTG coupling panels 90, 120 and 140 shown in 21A is used.

[0492] Based on the spatial structure of the FTG UUSL CS, integral cutting and design similar to that of a continuous plate can be performed during roll-up or unfolding. Additional components can be constructed using the coupling panels, as shown below.

[0493] Also combined Figure 11AThis illustrates that when coupling panels 40A and 40B are locked together, the transmission moment M is absorbed by the vertically distributed forces generated between surfaces 41 and 43 of coupling panel 40A and surfaces 36 and 38 of coupling panel 40B, as shown by the elimination of the concave surface of the tenon 15 and the upper concave surface of the lower wall 19 in the prior art. 1. The vertically distributed forces include resultant couples F1 and F2 and their reaction couples F'1 and F'2. When coupling panels 40A and 40B are locked together, these distributed forces are transmitted between the coupling panels by the shear forces formed in the upper wall 48 and lower wall 49 of coupling panel 40A during bending and by the tenon 35 of plate 40B. As a result of the coupling panel construction, the forces between surface 54 of coupling panel 40A and surface 39 of coupling panel 40B do not interact, thus preventing the transmission of forces to the common sheet or inner shaft during use.

[0494] like Figure 11B As shown, under relatively low tension, in the absence of an inner axial unit, longitudinal stress will be generated in the common sheet 63 of the connecting system 60. Since the upper surface 43 of the lower wall 49 is horizontally adjacent to the lower surface 38 of the tenon 35, the tension will only generate longitudinal force transmission, resulting in longitudinal elastic strain in the upper common sheet. Therefore, when the load is unloaded, the common sheet will return to its initial shape without leaving any folds or tears, thus ensuring the proper operation of the pivoting mechanism.

[0495] Add such as Figures 28A-28B The inner axis units shown in 30A-30B and 31, when in use, almost completely prevent the longitudinal transmission of force to the common sheet and laminate, because... Figure 31 As shown, the inner shaft absorbs tensile forces, thereby resisting the transmission of forces to the common sheet and laminates during use, resulting in a more reliable connection system. In some implementations, the tensile strength absorption capacity of the inner shaft can be used to handle the common sheet. To further enhance tensile strength resistance, another type of coupling panel, such as... Figure 18-19 As shown in 21A, it can be used.

[0496] Ultimately, the torque and shear force are fully transferred from the core 29 to the tenon 35 of the coupling panel 40B, and from the tenon 35 of the coupling panel 40B to the walls 48 and 49 of the coupling panel 40A, without transferring any significant tensile force to the common sheet 63, or, if an inner axis unit is used, only negligible tensile force during the movement, storage, and deployment of the multiple coupling members. Therefore, tearing and folding are prevented in the common sheet 63 during connection, and proper operation of the pivoting mechanism is ensured by the common sheet or inner axis.

[0497] As shown above, the axis of rotation coincides with the upper plane of the coupling panel. If the axis of rotation P' between the coupling panels is located below the common sheet 63, for example... Figure 12A The rear middle wall of the coupling panel 70 with different configurations shown is concave, unlike the coupling panel configuration of the present invention, and the front end wall is convex, so as to allow rotation along the concave surface of the adjacent coupling panel, as... Figure 12B As shown, the common sheet 63 easily forms a fold 72 and folds upwards above the rotation axis P', separating from the upper surface of the coupling panel, or forms a permanent crease 74 and folds inwards towards the region of the rotation axis P', as shown. Figure 12C As shown, it deforms and detaches from the upper surface of the coupling panel. Therefore, the appearance of the common sheet 63 becomes compromised, and users are generally discouraged from displaying tongue and groove connection systems.

[0498] Conversely, as shown above, such as Figure 13A As shown, the axis of rotation P between coupling panels 40A and 40B coincides with the upper surface of the coupling panels and the lower surface of the common sheet 63. Therefore, when coupling panels 40A and 40B are angularly displaced, a crease Q is formed within the common sheet 63, while the crease Q on the axis of rotation P remains connected to coupling panels 40A and 40B without overworking. This is because the strain generated within the crease Q remains as... Figure 13B As shown in the linear elastic state, when the connecting panels 40A and 40B are locked together again, the portion of the common sheet 63 corresponding to the crease Q will return to its original shape without changing its appearance or function.

[0499] When the inner axis element is applied, the center of rotation will remain at point P, and the stress formed in the common sheet will be significantly more negligible and will be derived only from the strain caused by angular displacement.

[0500] Figure 14 The geometric considerations related to FTG deployment operation are shown. Even though coupling panels 40A and 40B are locked together to resist their disengagement during normal use, as described above... Figure 10 and 11A As described, one coupled panel can advantageously be angularly displaced relative to another about the axis of rotation P.

[0501] As indicated by arrows 69 and 70, this arrangement of the locked coupling panels 40A and 40B allows the coupling panels to make angular displacement about the rotation axis P in the indicated direction. The movement of the tenon 35 of coupling panel 40B relative to the upper wall 48 and lower wall 49 of coupling panel 40A is not restricted in direction 70 by the action of the radius PW of the tracking arc WT. Similarly, the movement of the tenon 35 of coupling panel 40A relative to coupling panel 40B is unrestricted in direction 69. In the direction opposite to arrows 69 and 70, the angular displacement of the tongue 35 of coupling panel 40B is restricted due to the contact between the upper tongue 36 of coupling panel 40B and the lower surface of the upper wall 48 of coupling panel 40A, and between the tongue 38 of coupling panel 40B and the upper surface 43 of the lower wall 49 of coupling panel 40A. Figure 17 , 18 The FTG coupling panel shown in 21A has improved capabilities to limit angular displacement due to the additional structure described below. Therefore, the FTG connection system is unidirectionally deployable because, when horizontal, the coupling panel can readily undergo angular displacement in one rotational direction and behaves as a monolithic plate with deformation resistance in the opposite direction.

[0502] The length PT defines the minimum radius of rotation R between the tenon of the coupling panel 40B and the upper surface 43 of the lower wall 49 of the coupling panel 40A when the coupling panel 40B rotates about the rotation axis P. To prevent this contact, the distance between the end of the upper surface 36 of the tenon and the rotation axis P is less than R, while the intersection point W of the lower surface of the upper wall 48 and the vertical wall 44 of the groove; in the case of the tongue, the distance between the tenon and the rotation axis P is equal to or greater than the radius of rotation R. Interference-free rotation can also be achieved by ensuring that the distance between each point on the inclined surface 37 and the rotation axis P is less than or equal to R, while the distance between the horizontal surface 43 and the rotation axis P is greater than or equal to R.

[0503] Figure 15 A roll 34 formed by multiple coupling panels 40 is shown, each coupling panel 40 constructed at a different angle, thereby providing correspondingly different depths and angles of tenons 35 in the grooves 32 of adjacent coupling panels to achieve a compact roll formation. The overlap of the tenons 35 and grooves 32 on each adjacent pair of the multiple coupling panels ensures the roll's unwinding capability. Figure 15 As shown, to emphasize that each pair of adjacent coupled panels is angularly displaced about a common axis of rotation P, regardless of whether a common plate is attached. If a universal thin plate is not available, an inner axis unit (IAU) or CJ joint must be installed to create the pivoting mechanism.

[0504] Figure 16A-B illustrates an unfolded tongue-and-groove system 80 in which multiple coupling panels 40 are connected to each other in a unidirectional locking manner, fixedly supported at edge AA at the left edge of the connection system, and unconnected at the right edge, such that a downward-oriented concentrated load FL is applied to the first right-side coupling panel. This extreme load combination is intended to demonstrate the load that each coupling panel needs to withstand. The load FL is transmitted through shear force F1 via each target coupling of the multiple coupling panels, the shear force F1 having a constant amplitude equal to the load FL. Furthermore, a moment is formed that increases with the distance of the load FL. The following load analysis of the target coupling panels represents the connection system 80. To keep the connection system 80 in equilibrium, the sum of the moments derived from the external forces acting on the target coupling panels must be equal to the internal forces derived from the mutually canceling couples F1 and F2. Therefore:

[0505] (L1×F2)–(L2×FL)=0 (Equation 1)

[0506] When Equation 1 is rearranged, the following equation is produced:

[0507] F2 = (L2 / L1) × FL (Equation 2)

[0508] Since the sum of the forces acting on system 80 must be the same in order to maintain equilibrium, it is as follows:

[0509] F1 = F2 + FL, (Equation 3)

[0510] Or when equation 2 is replaced:

[0511] F1 = (L2 / L1) × FL + FL

[0512] = (1 + (L2 / L1)) × FL (Equation 4)

[0513] As can be clearly seen from Equation 2, when the load FL is transmitted to the upper surface 36 of the target coupling panel tenon 35, and also derived from Equation 4, when the load FL is transmitted to the lower surface 38 of the target coupling panel tenon 35, the load FL is amplified by 1 + (L2 / L1). Therefore, the tongue is subjected to very large shear force and bending moment, and needs to be strengthened.

[0514] Since L2 >> L1, and L2 / L1 is significantly greater than 1, the resultant forces F1 and F2 are significantly larger, and F1 ≈ F2. Although the relative forces F'1 and F'2 applied to the lower wall 49 and upper wall 48 of the adjacent coupled panels are also basically equal, the lower wall, which is longer than the upper wall, bears a larger band moment, which can easily lead to the failure of the coupled panels. Strengthening the upper wall, especially the lower wall of the coupled panels, will allow it to withstand such a large bending moment.

[0515] The following describes three more FTG coupling panels that help achieve durable connection systems.

[0516] Figure 17 A coupling panel 90 is shown, which is relative to Figure 4 The coupling panel 40 is further reinforced, thus enabling it to resist significantly larger moments while reducing bending deformation. Figure 18 and Figure 21A Coupled panels 120 and 140 are shown, which are further reinforced and have additional mechanisms to enable them to absorb large axial forces in addition to resisting large bending moments and shear forces while reducing bending deformation. Similar to coupled panel 40, the following three coupled panels prevent stress from being generated in the AUs and common sheet during isolation and loading.

[0517] Figure 17 The coupling panel 90 is shown, with its tenon 95, upper wall 98, and lower wall 99 relative to... Figure 4 The counterpart of the coupling panel 40 shown shortens the moment acting on the tenon 95 and significantly reduces the magnitude of stress within the tenon 95 and the lower wall 99. The lower wall 99 gains increased bending moment and shear stiffness through an inclined surface 104 that extends upward from the front edge of its planar upper surface 103 to the groove 92, thereby increasing the thickness and moment of inertia of the lower wall 99. The inclined surface 104 is substantially parallel to the inclined edge 97 of the tongue 95. Compared to the tenon 35 of the coupling panel 40, the shortened tongue 95 is more rigid and capable of generating a smaller bending moment along it, depending on the length of the thin forward portion of the truncated tenon 35.

[0518] Other features of the coupling panel 90 are similar to those of the coupling panel 40, namely (a) the core 99A is adjacent to the tongue 95, the upper wall 98, and the lower wall 99; (b) the groove 92 and the tongue 95 are substantially equal in height to facilitate contact between the tongue surface 116 and the lower surface 96 of the upper wall of the adjacent coupling panel, and between the lower surfaces 97 and 118 of the tongue and the upper surfaces 104 and 103 of the lower wall; and (c) the tongue 95 has the ability to rotate without interference within the groove 92 of the adjacent coupling panel. To ensure interference-free rotation, the length of the planar tongue upper surface 116 is less than the maximum rotation radius R, which is equal to the distance between the planar tongue lower surface 118 and the perpendicular line to the rotation axis P. Furthermore, the distance between each point on the inclined edge 97 and the rotation axis P is less than R. The lower wall upper surface 103 may be collinear with the tongue-shaped lower surface 118.

[0519] Figure 18 The coupling panel 120 is shown, which is coupled with Figure 17The coupling panel 90 is identical to the coupling panel 90 except that a recess 121 is provided in the upper wall 128 and a complementary protrusion 133 is added to the tenon 125. The recess 121 is defined by an inclined surface 123 extending upward relative to the coupling panel 90 from the front edge of the shortened lower surface 126 of the upper wall, a vertical wall 129 extending upward relative to the groove 122 of the coupling panel 90 from the front edge of the inclined surface 104 of the lower wall 99, and a surface 134 perpendicular to the vertical wall 129. The inclined surface 123 extends between the upper edge of the upper wall 126 and the inclined surface 123. To accommodate the protrusion 133, a shortened upper tongue surface 136 relative to the coupling panel 90 is provided, and a bevel 137 extends upward from the surface 136 of the protrusion 133 to the upper horizontal surface 138. Figure 19 Three coupling panels identical to coupling panel 120 are shown, with coupling panel 120A shown in solid lines and its two adjacent coupling panels 120B and 120C shown in dashed lines. By means of the arrangement of protruding recesses, when coupling members 120A and 120B are subjected to bending, four resultant forces F1, F2, F3, and F4, along with their respective opposing forces F1', F2', F3', and F4', interact between the adjacent tongue 125 of coupling panel 120A and the lower wall 99 and upper wall 128 of coupling panel 120B. Figure 11A As shown, similar to the couples F1 and F2 in the connecting system 60, forces F1, F2, and F3Y and their opposing forces resist bending. In addition to the vertical force coupling provided by system 60, the presence of the protruding recesses induces the application of the horizontal force component F3X and its opposing F'3x, and the compressive horizontal force F4 and its opposing F'4. Applying forces F'3x and F4 to surfaces 123 and 119 of the coupling panel 120A generates additional force coupling F'3x and F4 by utilizing the high tensile bearing capacity of the upper wall 128 of the coupling panel 120B and the high compressive bearing capacity of the lower wall 99 of the coupling panel 120A, thereby significantly increasing the bending resistance. The core 99b acts as a monolithic surface, its upper part compressed and its lower part tensioned. Although the lower wall is compressed by force F4, due to the stiffness of the upper wall 128, the upper wall 128 applies the opposing force F'3X required for balancing considerations, while preventing pivoting movement, which would transmit forces to the common sheet, as described above. Figure 2 As shown, another advantage of the coupling panel 120 is that it can resist the axial force of the horizontal component F3 X of the force F3 generated by the adjacent surfaces of the recess 121 and the protrusions 133 of the coupling panels 120B and 120A, respectively.

[0520] like Figure 20A As shown in -B, by utilizing Figure 18The spatial structure of the coupling panel 120 can be enhanced in one embodiment by forming recesses 121 and protrusions 133 in discrete areas of the upper wall 128 and the tenon 125, respectively, to produce the coupling panel 127, rather than providing a single elongated element on the entire upper wall and tenon, while still having the aforementioned advantages.

[0521] The additional mechanism generated by the additional tensile and compressive force couplings F3 and F4 developed in the lower and upper walls of the coupling panel reduces the magnitude of the combined coupling forces F1 and F2 acting perpendicularly to the lower and upper walls of the coupling panel, thereby significantly reducing the bending deformation caused by the cumulative bending deformation of the coupling panel.

[0522] Figures 21A-21B It shows the relationship with Figure 17 The coupling panel 140 is identical to the coupling panel 90, except that it has a plurality of longitudinally spaced, i.e., longitudinally spaced, arcuate wing protrusions 142 and a plurality of longitudinally spaced holes 144 formed on a portion of the upper surface 146 on the upper wall 98. As a result, the coupling panel 140 significantly improves bending and shear resistance because of its... Figure 22 The AA section shown and Figure 23 The BB section shown is constructed with coupling panels 90, characterized by high bending moment and shear resistance due to the aforementioned mechanism of the coupling panels 90. Furthermore, as described below, each wing 142 bends upward from the protrusion of the tongue 95 and can be received in a corresponding hole 144, improving moment and shear resistance, providing high axial force, and preventing force transmission to the common sheet or inner axis unit when the UUSL CS unfolds.

[0523] Figure 23 The cross-section BB of the coupling panel 140 shown illustrates a wing protrusion 142, which is constructed with a concave surface 147 extending from the upper tongue surface 116 and the front surface 111 to the upper wing surface 149. This concave surface may be coplanar with the upper surface 146. Also shown is a convex surface 147A of the wing protrusion extending from the protrusion of the oblique tongue surface 97 at the edge BC to the wing protrusion 149; a lower concave surface 104A of the arcuate groove 144 extending from the intersection E of the oblique groove surface 104 and the wall 102 to the upper plate surface 146; and an upper convex surface 96A of the arcuate groove 144 extending from the intersection F of the lower surface 96 of the upper wall and the intermediate rear wall 93 to the upper surface 146.

[0524] Figure 24 The internal forces transmitted between adjacent coupled panels 140A and 140B, taken along section AA, are shown and are the same as those described with respect to coupled panel 90. Therefore, coupled panels 140A and 140B are designed for high moment and shear force bearing capacity.

[0525] Figure 25The diagram illustrates the internal forces transmitted between adjacent coupled panels 140A and 140B along section BB. When the coupled panels are subjected to bending moment and shear force, the three resultant forces F1, F3, and F4, along with their opposing forces F'1, F'3, and F'4, interact between the adjacent surfaces of the coupled panels and resist loads similar to those of the aforementioned coupled panels 120A and 120B. The winglets have a significant advantage because they can transmit most of force F3 as a horizontal force component F3 X to the upper wall, generating tension without causing upper wall bending similar to that of a single-piece panel. Therefore, the bending load-bearing capacity of the coupled panels is improved, while the vertical deformation caused by bending is significantly reduced. Since the vertical deformation is cumulative, it prevents the UUSL CS from flattening under heavy loads.

[0526] A significant advantage of the coupling panel 140 during loading is its ability to simulate the development of strain and stress in a monolithic plate, such that the upper region experiences tensile stress and the lower region experiences compressive stress.

[0527] Another significant advantage of the coupling panel 140 is that it can resist high axial forces through the construction of curved and interconnected winglets, which can generate the main component F3 X from the resultant force F3 and transmit the axial force to the upper wall of the adjacent coupling panel through tension.

[0528] Furthermore, the construction of the coupling panel 140 facilitates the interconnection of each adjacent coupling panel, as the tongue of the first coupling panel remains coupled to the groove of the second coupling panel over a longer relative angular displacement range, thereby improving the reliability of the UUSL CS's curling and unfolding operations.

[0529] The coupling panel 140 can be optionally modified in several ways, for example:

[0530] a) Modify the structure of wing protrusion 142;

[0531] b) Modify the selected dimensions of each winglet 142 and the spacing between adjacent winglets according to design requirements and constraints; and

[0532] c) Utilize the spatial structure of the coupling panels to provide different combinations of coupling panels and more enhanced coupling panels.

[0533] Inner Axis Unit (IAU)

[0534] Figures 26A-26C The Inner Axis Unit (IAU) structure is shown, which is another strong interconnection method for adjacent coupled panels. Similar to the interconnection of common sheets, as... Figures 27A-27C The rotation axis P shown coincides with the upper plane of multiple coupled panels.

[0535] In both the assembly and exploded perspective views, the inner axis element A1 is as follows: Figures 26A-26C As shown. The inner axis unit includes two semi-circular end plates IN1 and IN2, with a middle semi-circular plate IM inserted between plates IN1 and IN2. Plates IN1 and IN2 are both formed by an outer planar surface IN7, a semi-circular protrusion IN3 protruding inward from the inner surface of the corresponding plate defined by surfaces IN8 and IN9 with a radius significantly smaller than the radius of the plate, and the planar ends IN4 and IN5 of each protrusion IN3 being coplanar and continuous with the upper plate surface IN11. A thin and narrow extension IN6 protrudes inward from the inner surface of the corresponding plate and extends laterally in each direction from the terminal IN4, and an outer semi-circular surface IN10 extending between the inner and outer surfaces.

[0536] The intermediate plate IM has a semi-circular recess IM1, which is recessed from each of the surfaces IM5 and IM6 of the semi-circular recesses IM5 and IM6. The semi-circular recess IM1 is adapted to interact with the corresponding protrusion IN3, the upper surface IM2, the semi-circular recess IM1, and the thin recess IM3. The depth of the semi-circular recess IM1 and the thin recess IM3 from the corresponding intermediate plate surface IM5 or IM6 is significantly less than that of the recess IM1. The semi-circular recess IM1 extends from the upper surface IM2 to at least most of the recess IM1. Recess IM1, curved surface IM7.

[0537] The inner axis unit is assembled by inserting the protrusions IN3 and IN6 of end plates IN1 and IN2 into the corresponding recesses IM1 and IM3 with small gaps. Since the dimensions of each protrusion IN3 and protrusion extension IN6 are angularly displaced within the corresponding recesses IM1 and IM3, end plates IN1 and IN2 can be angularly displaced relative to the intermediate plate IM, such as... Figure 26C As shown. According to the indicated direction, the angular displacement is limited in the counter-clockwise direction due to the presence of the protruding extension IN6. This angular limitation is important when the inner axis unit is embedded within an adjacent coupled panel.

[0538] Figures 28A-28B The assembly of the IAU coupling panel is illustrated by mounting the inner axis unit A1 into cavities H1 and H2, respectively, formed in rectangular cross-section coupling panels C1 and C2. During installation, end plates IN1 and IN2 are both connected to the wall of cavity H1, and the intermediate plate IM is connected to the wall of cavity H2. The connection can be achieved by strong adhesion, mechanical means, fusion, or any other suitable means known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, as... Figures 29A-29B As shown, the IAU coupling panels C1 and C2 can be angularly displaced relative to each other, with the axis of rotation aligned with the upper surface of the coupling panels, as... Figures 27A-27C As shown, the semi-circular protrusion IN3 and the semi-circular recess IM1 form an arc-shaped dive angle of less than 180 degrees. The rotation axis of this arc-shaped dive angle at point P coincides with the visible surface of the coupling panel.

[0539] When the upper surfaces of IAU coupling panels C1 and C2 are coplanar, as follows: Figure 29A As shown, the adjacent plate walls H3 and H4 of the IAU coupling panels C1 and C2 are adjacent to each other, restricting the clockwise angular displacement of one of the plates. In addition, the upper plate surface IN11 of the end plates IN1 and IN2 and the adjacent wall H5 of the cavity H1 are adjacent to each other, restricting the relative angular displacement of the adjacent coupling panels.

[0540] Figure 30A -B shows an IAU CP (Inner Axis Unit) coupling panel comprising two longitudinal straight panels connected to a plurality of equally spaced IAUs embedded therein.

[0541] Figure 30C A UUSL CS is illustrated, comprising a narrow band of IAU coupling panels embedded with multiple adjacent frequency bands perpendicular to the FTG coupling panel. Therefore, a robust and highly mechanically reliable UUSL-CS with the rotation axis aligned with the upper surface of the connection system is provided. Other types of UUSL CSs with embedded IAU frequency bands are applicable and within the scope of this invention.

[0542] Additional components capable of establishing a robust connection between the coupling panel and the IAU are applicable and are also within the scope of this invention.

[0543] Continuous joint (CJ)

[0544] Figures 32A-32B The continuous joint CJ is shown in exploded and assembled perspective views, respectively. As shown, the joint CJ includes an elongated, flexible cubic strip ST, one side ST1 of which is interconnected with the wall 53 of the coupling panel 40A, and a second side ST2 of which is interconnected with the wall 31 of the coupling panel 40B. The interconnection between the strip ST and the coupling panel may include mechanical means, fusion, assimilation, very strong adhesive, or any other suitable process to ensure a strong and durable connection.

[0545] Defined by stripe ST and as Figure 33C The significant advantages of the joint CJ shown are... Figure 33A The common thin-film junction (CSJ) shown or as Figure 33BThe inner joint (IAJ) shown is positioned relative to its axis of rotation CR1. For simplicity, the rotation center CR1 has been labeled as a single point, but in reality, the axis of rotation for each point on the non-circular curve BAC coinciding with the upper CJ surface is different, but close to CR1. The axis of rotation CR1 is significantly separated from and does not coincide with the upper surface of the adjacent coupling panel. In contrast, the axis of rotation CR2 of joint IAJ and the axis of rotation CR3 of joint CSJ coincide with the upper surface of the adjacent coupling panel. As the two coupling panels rotate, the curve BAC generated by the elastic band ST is a curve with continuous curvature, such as a parabola.

[0546] like Figures 33A-33B As shown, when the axis of rotation coincides with the upper surface of the adjacent coupled panel, the relative angular displacement of the adjacent coupled panels will produce a sudden discrete change in the slope of the two coupled panels at the axis of rotation. On the other hand, when the axis of rotation is located above the upper surface of the adjacent coupled panel, as... Figure 33C As shown, the relative angular displacement of adjacent coupled panels will produce a continuous curvature (i.e., a continuous change in slope) with an arc length BAC of the band surface extending between the two upper surfaces 46 of the adjacent coupled panels.

[0547] The use of continuous joints (CJ) is advantageous when used for decorative purposes. They are very thin and gentle, and cannot withstand the relatively low forces formed in the co-sheet during curling and unfolding, or when the co-sheet or laminate lacks sufficient elasticity. Thus, every abrupt, discrete change in slope can easily result in unattractive wrinkles in the co-sheet or laminate. For example... Figures 34A-34B As shown, the use of CJ joints enables a wide range of common sheets and sensitive laminates, almost regardless of the strength or elasticity of the sheets, because it avoids almost complete force transmission to the common sheets and laminates, and due to its continuous curvature. Therefore, continuous CJ joints help maintain the attractive appearance of the common sheets and laminates during use.

[0548] It should be understood that any coupling panel described herein can be used in conjunction with a continuous connector CJ to produce a UUSL CS. Additionally, Figure 34C The linear coupling panels REC1 and REC2 shown are easy to manufacture. Any suitable recesses and complementary strips can be formed, such as the linear recesses and complementary linear CJs shown, or... Figure 34D One or more recesses RC1 shown have a linear central region and multiple longitudinally spaced, uniformly spaced recesses extending laterally from the central recess, providing a simple and reliable connection for the strip ST. Additional grooves RC2 may also be provided to assist in anchoring the strip ST. Figure 34EAs shown, the recess RC2 may have a T-shaped recess extending laterally from the central recess. Alternatively or additionally, the recess RC2 may be configured in various uniform or non-uniform shapes extending toward the depth or toward the sides of the coupling panels REC1 and REC2, for example, a deep recess parallel to the main surface, to enhance the anchoring of the joint CJ to the coupling panels REC1 and REC2. Additional methods for anchoring the strap CJ to the coupling panels REC1 and REC2 are also applicable and within the scope of this invention.

[0549] Inverted Folded Tongue and Groove (IFTG)

[0550] As mentioned above, Figure 35A As shown, the pivot coupling panels of two adjacent FTG coupling panels of UUSL CS can have a relative angular displacement θ1 in one rotational direction and be restricted in the opposite rotational direction so that UUSL CS has a horizontal surface when deployed.

[0551] Figure 35B An inverse folded tongue and slot (IFTG) coupling panel is shown, which facilitates relative angular displacement θ2 in one rotational direction and angular limitation in the opposite rotational direction, allowing a UUSL CS including an IFTG panel to roll up and unfold in the opposite direction to a UUSL CS including a corresponding FTG coupling panel with a common sheet relative to the application, while the upper surface of the coupling panel remains continuous, as shown in Figures 38A-38B.

[0552] Many applications require a relative angular rotational connection between the tongue and the groove; one such application will be described in detail below.

[0553] Figures 36A-36C An embodiment of an inverted tongue and groove (IFTG) coupling panel is shown, which is constructed with a mutually parallel upper surface IF1 and lower surface IF2, side surfaces IF3 and IF4 that may be perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces IF1 and IF2, a front inclined surface IF23, and a rear inclined surface IF17. The rear end surface IF17 has two opposing walls IF15 and IF16, which are adjacent to the side surfaces IF3 and IF4 respectively, and have a cavity with a recess GR in the middle. Each side surface IF3 and IF4 is constructed with a first acute-angled triangular upper wall IF7 that points away from the core IF5 to receive a tenon TN, and a second acute-angled triangular upper wall IF9 that extends between the inner walls IF13 and IF14 and points towards the rear end surface IF17 to receive an element defining the recess GR.

[0554] The tongue TN has a forward-leaning surface IF 23, and opposing tongue sides F21 and F22, preferably not perpendicular to the forward-leaning surface IF 23, with a rear arcuate wall IF 18. The arcuate wall IF 18 extends laterally between the tongue sides F21 and F22, and circumferentially between the lower surface IF6 of the upper wall IF7 of sides IF3 and IF4 and the front surface IF 23, with an inclination angle of approximately 90 degrees. The tongue TN is connected to a solid core IF5, which is typically located between sides IF3 and IF4, on one side of a groove, at the lower inclined surface IF6 of the upper wall IF7, and is connected from the side by a corresponding protrusion IF8, which is adjacent to both the lower surface IF6 of the upper wall IF7 and the inclined surface of side IF3. The tongue sides F21 and F22 have arcuate recesses IF 19 and IF 20, respectively, which also extend circumferentially from the lower surface IF6 of the upper wall IF7 to the front surface IF 23. At the circumferential edge of recesses IF 19 and IF 20, narrow protrusions IF 27 and IF 28, respectively, extend from the surface of the recesses by a dimension significantly smaller than the depth of the recesses, such that one side of the protrusion is coplanar with the face IF 23. If desired, protrusions IF 27 and IF 28 can be produced in other ways, for example, formed in the intermediate regions within recesses IF 19 and IF 20, or not coplanar with the face IF 23.

[0555] The groove GR is a gap that can be received and angularly displaced by the tongue TR of adjacent coupling panels. The groove GR is defined by two opposing arcuate protrusions IF 25 and IF 26, which protrude from the inner surfaces IF 13 and IF 14 of the sides IF 3 and IF 4, respectively, and from and below the adjacent arcuate surface IF 12. The protrusions IF 25 and IF 26 extend circumferentially from the inclined inner surface IF 11 defining the upper wall IF 9 to the outer inclined and hollow surface IF 17, with their circumferential direction opposite to that of the arcuate tongue grooves IF 19 and IF 20 provided on the same coupling panel. The protrusions IF 25 and IF 26 may be constructed with thin upper arcuate surfaces IF 46 and IF 47, lower arcuate surfaces IF 48 and IF 49, respectively, and main surfaces IF 42 and IF 43 substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces. When the tenon TR of adjacent coupling panels is located within the groove GR, the groove protrusions IF 25 and IF 26 can be received within the tenon recesses IF 19 and IF 20, respectively, to facilitate relative angular displacement between them.

[0556] Stopper elements IF 29 and IF 30 are detachably or alternatively permanently fixed and are mounted at the ends of the arcuate protrusions IF 25 and IF 26, respectively. Each of the stopper elements IF 29 and IF 30 may be of a linear construction and is mounted in complementary recesses IF 44 and IF 45 formed in walls IF 15 and IF 16, such that their outer surfaces IF 37 and IF 38 are coplanar with the rearwardly inclined surface IF 17, respectively. The widths of the stopper elements IF 29 and IF 30 may be equal to the widths of the protrusions IF 25 and IF 26, respectively, and the stopper elements may be held within the respective recesses by screws or any other suitable and secure connection. The lower wall IF 10 may be formed by a recess IF 31 temporarily removed from the rear surface IF 17, the recess IF 31 being composed of two parallel surfaces IF 32 and IF 33 extending between the perpendicular surfaces IF 17 and IF 34. Apart from the small gap, the width of the recess IF 31 is basically equal to the width of the protrusion IF8, allowing the protrusion IF8 to pass through the recess IF 31 undisturbed when the tenon TN is angularly displaced relative to the groove GR.

[0557] Figures 37A-37C Two coupled IFTG coupling panels, IT1 and IT2, are shown, which are angularly movable similarly to the coupled FTG coupling panels, but rotate in the opposite direction. To interconnect the two adjacent IFTG coupling panels, the tongue TN2 of coupling panel IT2 is inserted into the slot GR1 of coupling panel IT1 when the tongue TN2 of coupling panel IT2 is similar in size to the slot GR1. When stop elements IF 29 and IF 30 are removed, the tenon and grooves IF 19 and IF 20 of coupling panel IT2 are coupled to the slot protrusions IF 25 and IF 26 of coupling panel IT1, respectively. Then, stop element IF 29 is connected to grooves IF 44 and IF 45, respectively, by screws or any other suitable means, to form a blocking layer preventing the coupling panels from detaching and allowing relative angular rotation in a first direction of the coupling panels. The upper surface IF1 of the panels is coplanar.

[0558] Coupled panels IT1 and IT2 are preferably connected at the axis of rotation C by a strong, non-stretchable, thin, and foldable strip STP, which is anchored and integrated at the depth of the upper surface IF1. Figure 36B Two adjacent connecting panels.

[0559] like Figures 37B-37CAs shown, because the dimensions of the protrusions IF 25 and IF 26 are angularly displaced within the recesses IF 19 and IF 20 respectively, the relative angular displacement θ in the second direction opposite to the first direction can reach an angle of up to θ = 80°. As shown in Figures 38A-38B, a common sheet is added. This allows for angular displacement of the coupling panel in the second direction while preventing almost the entire force from being transmitted to the common sheet, preventing tearing and folding within the sheet, and preventing the sheet from detaching from the upper surface of the coupling panel. This characteristic is a result of the lack of relative displacement between the common sheet and the upper surface of the coupling panel. This prevents tearing and wrinkling on the common sheet and maintains the attractive force of the common sheet.

[0560] A long IFTG coupling panel can be generated by connecting individual IFTG coupling panels IT side-to-side in series, that is, when side IF5 of the first coupling panel is adjacent to side IF4 of the second coupling panel. Figure 36B ).

[0561] Composite Coupling Panel (CCP)

[0562] Figure 38I-38U A composite coupled panel generated using a spatial structure of a coupled panel is shown.

[0563] like Figure 38I As shown, three different types of coupling panels, RCP1, FTG1, and IACP1, each with a thickness of 5 mm, function as sub-units interconnected on their sides to create, for example, Figure 38J and 38K The composite coupling panel SF1 shown is... Figure 38O The long composite coupling panel CCP1 shown is a component of this design. The composite coupling panel offers the advantages of the various types of coupling panels described in detail above, as well as additional types of coupling panels when needed. The composite coupling panel SF1 features high bending resistance achieved through the influence of coupling panel FTG1, an integrated inner shaft achieved through the influence of coupling panels RCP1 and IACP1, high resistance to axial forces and additional bending resistance achieved through the influence of coupling panel RCP1, and an improved side profile achieved through the influence of coupling panel RCP1.

[0564] Figure 38R-38T A UUSL CS is shown, which includes multiple elongated composite coupling panels CCP1. For example... Figure 38S-1As shown in 38T-1, a significant advantage of using the composite coupling panel CCP1 is the extremely small inter-panel gap, which prevents the insertion of fingers or any other part of the body between adjacent coupling panels, while also preventing angular displacement and thus avoiding injury such as broken fingers or cuts. This risk of injury exists with coupling panels constructed with larger cooperative spaces. When multiple adjacent coupling panels are covered by a protective sheath, bodily injury during angular displacement of adjacent coupling panels is also prevented.

[0565] Figure 38L Two identical but oppositely oriented coupling panels, ECP1 and ECP2, are shown, each of which can be used as a free-side coupling panel, for example, added to... Figure 38M-38N The corresponding free sides of the composite coupling panel SF2 are shown. Both have a rectangular cross-section with a curved or inclined groove recessed into the inner surface, and a tenon extending linearly from the rectangular cross-section having a curved lower surface. The tenon of the second coupling panel can be inserted into the groove of the first coupling panel to which it is interconnected, as shown in the figure. Figure 38N As shown in (d). These free-side sub-coupled panels ECP1 and ECP2 are used to provide an attractive appearance of the composite coupled panels on their free sides, and also to prevent damage caused by the gradually decreasing minimum spacing between the two interconnected coupled panels due to the increasing insertion depth of the tenon into the slot. Figure 38M-38N Each of the diagrams illustrates four stages of assembly and angular displacement of two adjacent composite coupling panels, including a free-side coupling panel.

[0566] Figure 38O An elongated composite coupling panel CCP1 is shown, which includes a plurality of adjacent composite coupling panels SF1. Figure 38K ). Figure 38P and 38Q The extended end composite coupling panels EECCP1 and EECCP2 shown in the figure have planar end faces EF that can be interconnected with an elongated plate CCP1 on the corresponding free side.

[0567] Figure 38R-38T Three configurations of system SYS1 are shown. System SYS1 is a UUSL CS, which comprises multiple adjacent elongated composite coupling panels CCP1 and free-side coupling panels EECCP1 or EECCP2. The advantages of system SYS1 lie in its strength, built-in rotation mechanism, and space-minimized, therefore relatively smooth, connection system rear surface SAS1, such as... Figure 38T As shown, this is used to prevent bodily injury. When the composite coupling panel includes only coupling panels RCP1 and IACP1 ( Figure 38I Although the strength and bending resistance of UUSL CS can be reduced, UUSL CS can provide a continuously integrated main face and a relatively smooth and safe integrated back face. Figure 38U af illustrates six additional types of composite coupling panels, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. It is understood that, within the scope of this invention, there are an infinite number of types and combinations of composite coupling panels and corresponding UUSLCS that can be provided.

[0568] Although not mentioned in the descriptions of the various implementations below, it should be understood that when security precautions are required, a suitable composite coupling panel can be used to replace one of the coupling panels.

[0569] UUSL CS requires safe use of numerous applications such as folding tables, folding racks, and folding beds to avoid physical injury. Figure 38V-38X The fully secure coupling panel (CSC) and the fully secure UUSL CS (CSU) are shown and recommended for use when additional precautions are required. Figure 38V a shows two circular coupling panels, IACP1 and RCP1, which are Figure 38V The composite coupling panel CSC shown in b and 38Vc is a component of the fully secure coupling panels CSC1, CSC2, and CSC3, as described above. Figure 38W As shown. Coupled panels CSC2 and CSC3 are free-side composite coupled panels with planar end faces EF, and coupled panel CSC1 is the intermediate composite coupled panel.

[0570] Figure 38X The system CSU is shown, which is composed of Figure 38W The UUSL CS is composed of composite coupling panels CSC1, CSC2, and CSC3 shown in the diagram. Figure 38X As shown in a-38Xb, for every configuration of the system CSU, whether flat or uneven, the rear surface PF of the system, which is connected in parallel with the main surface MF1, is smooth, thereby preventing personal injury when using the system CSU. The rear surface PF of the system CSU is smoothed by coupling panel CSC1, which has a tongue-and-groove curved lower surface and an interface lower wall with minimal thickness extending to the rear surface PF.

[0571] As described in this article, a “smooth surface” refers to a surface with no gaps between adjacent coupled panels during the roll-up and unfolding operations. A “relatively smooth surface” refers to a surface with very small gaps between adjacent coupled panels during the roll-up and unfolding operations, which will not cause bodily injury or damage to web equipment in contact with the surface.

[0572] Figure 38Y Details of the semi-enclosed UUSL CS (HCSU) are shown.

[0573] HCSU unit such as Figure 38YAs shown in ab, when set in both curled and flat structures respectively, and can be achieved by... Figure 38X The CSU insert (e.g., a permanent connection) shown in c and 38Yc is inserted into, for example, a permanent connection. Figure 38Y As shown in d, the CSU is assembled within the corresponding frame unit FU, which includes a surface NCH1 recessed from the elastic frame FR1. Therefore, the free end sides of the CSU and each rear surface, i.e., the surface of each corresponding coupling panel of the CSU parallel to the main face, are completely hidden by the frame unit FU, and even sealed if necessary. Figure 38Y As shown in b-1, only the CSU main face is exposed. HCSU main face MF2 is shown below. Figure 38Y As shown in b, the surface can remain exposed or covered by decorative sheets, laminates, or both to simulate a monolithic surface. The exposed surface of frame FR1 can also be decorative to enhance the appeal of the illusionary overall surface.

[0574] Figure 38Z Details of the fully enclosed UUSL CS (CCSU) are shown.

[0575] CCSU unit such as Figure 38Z As shown in ab, when set with curled and flat structures respectively, it is possible to pass through Figure 38X CSUs shown in c and 38Zc are inserted (e.g., permanent connections) into structures with, for example, those shown in c and 38Zc. Figure 38Z As shown in d, the CSU is assembled within the opening of the resilient sleeve ENV1. Alternatively, the protective sleeve ENV1 can be produced by other suitable means. For illustrative purposes, the sleeve ENV1 is graphically transparent, but as understood, the CSU is located within the cavity nCH2 enclosed and concealed by the sleeve ENV1, optionally allowing the CSU to be sealed. Figure 38Z Each outer surface of the CCSU cell shown in b, the main surface MF3 and the envelope ENV1, can be decorative or laminated to simulate the illusion of a monolithic surface.

[0576] The use of HCSU units or CCSU units or similar webs is advantageous because they have a smooth or relatively smooth back surface that will not damage the surface of the protective sheath ENV1 or the resilient frame FR1 adjacent to the back surface during curling and unfolding operations.

[0577] Although the CSU is shown as consisting of composite coupling panels, it should be understood that it can consist of any coupling panels described herein.

[0578] Composite Improved IFTG Coupled Panel (IIFTG)

[0579] Figures 143-144B Two coupled panels, IFTGC1 and IFTGC2, are shown; they are components of the coupled panel IFTGC, as... Figure 145CAs shown, besides the coupling panel IFTG, it is a component of the coupling panel IIFTG, as... Figure 146C As shown. The IIFTG coupling panel is an improved version of the IFTG coupling panel, which has a better ability to absorb lateral forces and provides a more stable position of the rotation axis. Figure 143 As shown, the coupling panel IFTGC1 has a parallel upper surface 1111 and a lower surface 1122. The tongue 1110 and groove 1115 are integrally formed with the core 1123. The tongue 1110 has a forward-inclined surface 1109 and an inward-inclined circumferential surface 1107. A protrusion 1008 is located at the bottom of the front surface 1109 and has a lower circumferential surface 1105 and a rearward straight surface 1106. The groove 1115 is defined by the downward-inclined surface 1113 of the upper wall 1114 and the upper circumferential surface 1116 of the lower wall 1121. The tongue 1110 and the core 1123 are connected by a narrow neck 1004 having an inclined lower surface 1112. The narrow protrusion 1120 is located at the rear free edge of the lower wall 1121 and has a rear surface 1119, an upper circumferential surface 1118, and a front surface 1117.

[0580] like Figure 144 As shown, the coupling panel IFTGC2 has a parallel upper surface 1131 and a lower surface 1142. The tongue 1130 and groove 1135 are integrally formed with the core 1143. The tongue 1130 has a front arcuate surface 1109, an inward circumferential surface 1127, and a relatively wide protrusion 1125 located at the bottom of the front wall 1129, which has a lower circumferential surface 1125 and a rear straight surface 1126. The groove 1135 is defined by the lower arcuate surface 1133 of the upper wall 1134 and the upper circumferential surface 1136 of the lower wall 1141. The protrusion 1140 is located at the rear free edge of the lower wall 1141 and has a rear surface 1139, an upper circumferential surface 1138, and a front surface 1137. The tongue 1130, core 1123, and upper wall 1134 are not connected; the positioning capability is provided by the interconnection of the coupling panels IFTGC1 and IFTGC2, as described below. Figure 143A and 143B Shown Figure 143A In the flat structure, two adjacent IFTGC1 coupled panels CP 100 and CP 101 have relative angular displacement about axis A. For example... Figure 143A As shown, in the flat structure, the surface 1106 of the protrusion 1108 is adjacent to the surface 1117 of the protrusion 1120, thereby preventing the coupling panel CP 101 from rotating counterclockwise and the coupling panel CP 100 from rotating clockwise. The directions are opposite, as... Figure 143B As shown, the peripheral surface 1107 of the coupling panel CP 101 can slide along the peripheral surface 1116 of the coupling panel CP 100, and relative angular rotation is applicable.

[0581] Figure 144A and144B Shown Figure 143A In the flat structure, two adjacent IFTGC1 coupled panels CP 100 and CP 101, and in Figure 143B It has a relative angular displacement about axis A. For example... Figure 143A As shown, in the flat structure, the surface 1126 of the protrusion 1128 is adjacent to the surface 1137 of the protrusion 1140, thereby preventing the coupling panel CP 101 from rotating counterclockwise and the coupling panel CP 100 from rotating clockwise. The directions are opposite, as... Figure 144B As shown, the peripheral surface 1107 of the coupling panel CP 121 can slide along the peripheral surface 1116 of the coupling panel CP 120, making relative angular displacement possible.

[0582] like Figure 144A As shown, the tenon, tenon 1130 of the coupling panel CP 121 and the lower wall 1141 of the coupling panel CP 120 are adjacent along the length of the large arc CD, as... Figure 145A-14 As shown in 56C, when the coupling panels IFTGC1 and IFTGC2 are integrated with the coupling panel IFTG, a coupling panel IFTGI with a stable axis of rotation is generated.

[0583] like Figure 145A-145C As shown, the tenon 1130, core 1143, and upper wall 1134 of the coupling panel IFTG2 are interconnected according to the integration with the monolithic coupling panel IFTG1, thereby creating a composite monolithic coupling panel IFTGC, as shown. Figures 146A-146C As shown, its integration with the coupling panel IFTG produces a composite coupling panel IIFTG. (As...) Figure 147A As shown in -B, the integration of several coupled-panel IIFTGs produces an elongated coupled-panel IIFTGCP. Figure 147C -D indicates Figure 147C The interconnection of two IIFTGCPs in the CCP surface construction, and in Figure 147D It has relative angular displacement around the pivot axis. The pivot axis is advantageously stable, eliminating the need for thin and collapsible anchoring bands.

[0584] Multi-directional Coupled Panel MDC and Multi-directional UUSL CS MDU

[0585] Figure 38C-38H The multi-directional coupling panels are shown. When these multi-directional coupling panels are selectively interconnected, the UUSLCS system 2DR, 3DR, and 4DR are respectively as follows: Figure 38F , 38G As shown in Figure 38H, it is curlable and unfoldable in two, three, and four directions, respectively. The following description relates to a multi-directional coupling panel for FTG coupling panels, wherein the construction of each tenon and groove can be based on any embodiment described herein, for example... Figure 4The coupling panel 40 is constructed as follows. Since each coupling panel has multiple tongues, the connection system within the coupling panel can be rolled up or unrolled in multiple directions, thus the coupling panel and connection system are considered multidirectional.

[0586] It should be understood that the multi-directional coupling panel can be replaced by any other coupling panel described herein, or in addition to the FTG coupling panel, including composite coupling panels for preventing bodily injury during curling or unfolding operations. The multi-directional coupling panel can also be interconnected by direction-sensitive displacement facilitators, such as inner shafts (IA), common sheets, continuous joints (CJ), or any other rotational facilitator that maintains the axis of rotation in any desired direction, for example, coinciding with or near the main surface of the coupling panel. When other coupling panels or other direction-sensitive displacement facilitators are used, the systems 2DR, 3DR, and 4DR are modified accordingly, as necessary.

[0587] For illustrative purposes, systems 2DR, 3DR, and 4DR are shown as an array of multiple rows of uniformly coupled multidirectional panels, but it should be understood that other suitable connection system arrangements are also within the scope of this invention.

[0588] Figure 38C The coupling panel 2DCN is shown, which is a component of the system 2DR. The multi-directional coupling panel 2DCN, having a square main surface, is constructed with two tenons T1 and T2 protruding from surfaces F1 and F2, respectively, and two grooves G1 and G2 are provided in the middle region of the remaining two surfaces. When the tenons of the first coupling panel 2DCN are connected to the corresponding grooves of the second and third coupling panels 2DCN, the system 2DR is generated. The system 2DR... Figure 38F a is shown as a flat structure, in Figure 38F b is shown as curling in the first direction, and Figure 38F c is shown as curling in the second direction, where the first and second directions are mutually exclusive. Figure 38DThe coupling panel 3DCN, a component of the system 3DR, is shown. The multidirectional coupling panel 3DCN consists of two interconnected sub-coupling panels 3DS1 and 3DS2, each with a triangular main face. While sub-coupling panel 3DS1 is constructed with three tongues T3-T5 protruding from its three faces F3-F5, sub-coupling panel 3DS2 is constructed with three slots G3-G5, located in the middle region of each of its three faces. The multidirectional coupling panel 3DCN is created when the tenon T4 of sub-coupling panel 3DS1 locks into the groove G5 of sub-coupling panel 3DS2, allowing relative angular displacement of sub-coupling panels 3DS1 and 3DS2 relative to the diagonal D1 of the multidirectional coupling panel 3DCN. The multidirectional coupling panel 3DCN can also be connected to up to four other multidirectional coupling panels 3DCN with this tongue and groove arrangement.

[0589] 3DR system in Figure 38G As shown in section a, a flat structure is used. Figure 38G b is shown as curling in the first direction, and Figure 38G c is shown as curling in the second direction. When the system 3DR curls along the first or second direction, all coupled panels 3DCN in a given row or column are set at a uniform angular distribution, such as... Figure 38G As shown in b-1 and 38Gc-2. Figure 38G d illustrates the system 3DR when folded along a third direction, wherein at least one multi-directionally coupled panel 3DCN has two sub-coupled panels 3DS1 and 3DS2 that are angularly displaced from each other, for example in Figure 38G At the two corners shown in d-1 and 38Gd-2. When the system 3DR is rolled up along a third direction, the coupling panels 3DCN in a given row or column are set in a non-uniform angular distribution. The system 3DR is as follows Figure 38G As shown in e, the first direction of several rows is folded upwards and at a third direction at a corner.

[0590] Figure 38EA coupling panel 4DCN, a component of the system 4DR, is shown. The multidirectional coupling panel 4DCN consists of four interconnecting sub-coupling panels 4DS1, 4DS2, 4DS3, and 4DS4, each having a triangular main face. Sub-coupling panel 4DS1 is constructed with three tongues T6-T8 projecting from its three faces, while sub-coupling panel 4DS2 is constructed with two recesses G6 and G7 respectively located in the middle regions of its two faces F6 and F7, and has a narrow tongue T9 projecting from face F8. The recess G7 is accessible from both sides of faces F7 and F8, and a support element 333 extending downward from the main face of face F8 is inserted between the tongue T9 and a portion of the recess G7. Sub-coupling panel 4DS3 has two recesses G8 and G9 in the middle region along the entire length of its two faces. On its third face, a narrow third recess G10 is provided for receiving the tongue T9 of sub-coupling panel 4DS2, and a narrow tongue T10 is provided for inserting a portion of the recess G7 adjacent to the support element 333. The secondary coupling panel 4DS4 has two tenons T11 and T12 on its two sides respectively, and a groove G11 on its third side.

[0591] When the tongue T7 of sub-coupling panel 4DS1 is locked in slot G6 of sub-coupling panel 4DS2, the tongue T8 of sub-coupling panel 4DS1 is locked in slot G11 of sub-coupling panel 4DS4, and the tongue T12 of sub-coupling panel 4DS4 is locked in slot G8 of sub-coupling panel 4DS3, a multi-directional coupling panel 4DCN is generated. The tongue T9 of sub-coupling panel 4DS2 is locked in slot G10 of sub-coupling panel 4DS3, and the tongue T10 of sub-coupling panel 4DS3 is locked in slot G7 of sub-coupling panel 4DS2. As a result, sub-coupling panels 4DS1 and 4DS2 are angularly movable relative to sub-coupling panels 4DS3 and 4DS4 diagonally opposite to the multi-directional coupling panel 4DCN. Alternatively, sub-coupling panels 4DS1 and 4DS4 are angularly movable relative to sub-coupling panels 4DS2 and 4DS3 diagonally opposite to the multi-directional coupling panel 4DCN. The multi-directional coupling panel 4DCN can also be connected to up to four other multi-directional coupling panels 4DCN with the tongue and groove arrangement.

[0592] 4DR system in Figure 38H As shown in section a, a flat structure is used. Figure 38H b is shown as curling in the first direction, and Figure 38H c is shown as curling in the second direction. When the system 3DR curls along the first or second direction, all coupled panels 4DCN in a given row or column are set at a uniform angular distribution, such as... Figure 38H As shown in b-1 and 38Hc-2. Figure 38HFigure d illustrates the system 4DR when folded simultaneously along the third and fourth directions. When one or more multi-directionally coupled panels 4DCN are folded along the third direction, for example at two corners of the system 4DR, the two sub-coupled panels of the multi-directionally coupled panel 4DCN are angularly displaced relative to the diagonal D2, as shown. Figure 38H As shown in d-1 and 38Hd-2. When one or more multi-directional coupling panels 4DCN are folded along the fourth direction, for example at the other two corners of the system 4DR, the two sub-coupled panels of the multi-directional coupling panel 4DCN are angularly displaced relative to the diagonal D3. When the system 4DR is folded along the third or fourth direction, the coupling panels 4DCN in a given row or column are set to a non-uniform angular distribution. The system 4DR is as follows. Figure 38H As shown in e, several rows are folded simultaneously in the second direction, a corner is folded simultaneously upwards in the third direction, and another corner is folded simultaneously in the fourth direction.

[0593] The flat construction of each multi-directional UUSL CS can be designed as various non-planar constructions, as shown in this paper.

[0594] Unsegmented width

[0595] Although the above description pertains to UUSL CS composed of discretely coupled panels, for some implementations, it can be assumed that the following can be used. Figure 138A The single-sheet UUSL sheet 730 shown is illustrated. Sheet 730 may comprise two layers LA and LB, wherein layer LA is made of an elastic material capable of longitudinal deformation under tension and substantially non-longitudinally deformable under compression. Compared to layer LA, layer LB is made of an elastic material capable of longitudinal deformation under compression and substantially non-deformable under tension. As shown, a plate 730 is provided by a strong connection on two adjacent layers, with its axis of rotation located at the interface of the two layers, and correspondingly, since layers LA and LB are capable of deformation under tension and compression respectively, it can bend in only one direction, such as... Figure 138B As shown, to prevent bending in opposite directions due to the relative zero deformation of layers LA and LB under compression and tension, as... Figure 138C As shown. As a result, sheet 730 can be folded or rolled in only one direction and will have a rigid horizontal surface applied in the predetermined structure. A plate comprising multiple folded layers located in a plane parallel to its cross-section can be used for layer LA, while a similar plate comprising additional longitudinal conductors that prevent its expansion but allow it to compress can be used for layer LB. Both plates can contain additional material to achieve a stable structure.

[0596] Figures 139A-139B A semi-monolithic UUSL sheet is shown. Figure 139A The sheet 740 shown comprises four layers 741-744, which are strongly interconnected and as shown in the figure. Figure 139B As shown. Layer 741 is a high-tensile load-bearing mesh that can be folded but deforms relatively zero under tension. Layer 742 is a general elastic sheet that can have longitudinal deformation when exposed to tension or compression. Layer 742 is a high-tensile load-bearing mesh with the same elastic modulus as layer 742, and therefore has the same longitudinal deformation under the same longitudinal stress. Layer 744 is a rigid solid surface that has relatively zero deformation when exposed to compression, after being precisely cut into narrow strips, for example, by a laser.

[0597] according to Figure 140A As shown, the sheet can be bent and rolled clockwise or counterclockwise according to the ability of layers 742 and 743 to deform under longitudinal stress and the folding ability of mesh 741. Figure 140B As shown, the sheet 740 cannot be bent or rolled in the opposite direction because the strip cannot deform under pressure, while the mesh layer 741 has relatively zero deformation under tension. Although it can be omitted, the mesh layer 743 prevents tearing of the lower surface of layer 742 when the sheet 740 is bent or rolled. Therefore, the sheet 740 is a semi-monolithic UUSL CS that can be folded or rolled in one direction, creating a rigid and flat surface in a predefined configuration.

[0598] In some applications described herein, the third monolithic sheet constituting an alternative to UUSL CS is the sheet shown in Figure 750. 141. The sheet 750 includes longitudinal rigid bands 751 interconnected and embedded in an elastic material 752, for example, during a casting process where the elastic material is in a liquid state. As a result, after the elastic material hardens, a sheet 750 is produced that can bend in the x-direction but not in the y-direction. This type of sheet can be rolled up in the x-direction, and as... Figure 142 As shown, when supported by supports 755 and 756 or any other suitable means along its lateral free edges 753 and 754, the strip 751 can be rigid and flat, depending on its stiffness. When the elastic material 751 is opaque, the strip 751 is not clearly visible. When the elastic material 751 is transparent, the strip 75 can be produced using the same or other materials with the same transparency but a higher modulus of elasticity, thus achieving both a rigid strip and an unseen strip.

[0599] While the description primarily relates to UUSL CS, which can be covered by laminated layers and create an attractive illusion of a monolithic sheet regardless of its internal structure, the additional methods introduced above for unsegmented webs are also within the scope of this invention.

[0600] Linked material leveling system

[0601] The internal or external bonding material leveling system shown in Figures 39-56 significantly reduces the time required to apply plaster, gypsum, or other types of bonding materials (such as concrete walls) to walls compared to existing technologies. Although the following description refers to internal systems, it should be understood that the invention is equally applicable to external systems.

[0602] Hand tools, such as trolleys, are typically used to apply and level plaster according to existing techniques. Because the thickness of the applied plaster cannot be precisely defined, and because the thickness of the applied plaster often varies from one wall area to another, and because of the uneven nature of the trolley, time-consuming existing leveling operations are often repeated after an initial attempt to achieve a smooth surface.

[0603] Currently, methods for covering walls and roofs on construction sites are becoming increasingly advanced and faster, such as the use of advanced machinery and equipment, and the application of veneer panels. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, leaving room for improvement.

[0604] Covering flat surfaces with rolls is common, but using rolls or foldable or flexible sheets to cover uneven surfaces is previously unknown. This invention provides a method for simultaneously flattening and covering both uniform and uneven surfaces using UUSL CS, particularly by using rolls.

[0605] like Figure 39 As shown, the apparatus of the present invention can be used to quickly and uniformly apply plaster to flat or uneven walls of a building. Preferably, in step 152, plaster or other bonding materials, such as cementitious materials, are applied to the exposed wall at a relatively high speed by means of a pneumatic spraying unit, such as a compressor, or by any other suitable plaster machine, such as a plaster machine with a thickness of approximately 2 cm. Although the applied bonding material remains semi-solid before solidification, it is differentially applied to the elongated sheet in step 154.

[0606] Although the following description primarily concerns walls, it also applies to any surface that can be covered.

[0607] In one embodiment, the force is applied by a UUSL CS comprising a rigid, unidirectionally deployable sheet, such as a sheet formed of multiple identical cavities, such that each vertically adjacent cavity wall sequentially and differentially applies a force between itself and the wall of the building to which the linking material has been applied. During the application of force, the rigid cavity walls compress the applied linking material and, in step 156, push the compressed linking material into adjacent cavities, wherein the cavity walls abut against the linking material in sequence. Excess linking material is pushed and pulled along the wall and can be manually or mechanically removed during or after sheet coating. When the linking material cures, in step 158, the inner decorative surface of the sheet remains uniformly flat, and the sheet is secured to the building wall by the uniformly sized cavity walls parallel to the inner surface of the building wall.

[0608] Figures 40-45 An embodiment of a deployable link material leveling system employing UUSL FTG CS is shown according to any of the embodiments described herein, wherein the UUSL FTG CS has preferably been modified as described below.

[0609] The terms “inner surface” and “outer surface” refer to the side of the surface facing the room and the side of the surface adjacent to the wall (or ceiling), respectively. The outer surface is usually closer to the exterior of the building.

[0610] Figure 40 and 40A A roll 165 constituting at least a portion of a connecting material flattening system is shown. Roll 165 is constructed as a sheet 167 having a continuous surface 166, which may be a decorative surface suitable for facing the interior of a room, and a plurality of vertically extending cavities 168, wherein circular T-shaped protrusions are formed on the outer surface of surface 166 to prevent the sheet 167 from bending relative to a vertical plane. The cavities 168 extend from the upper surface 169 of the roll to the bottom surface of the roll. The sheet 167 can be made of many different types of materials, such as polymer materials, fiberglass, carbon fiber, bamboo, casting materials, composite materials, and cement materials, and has specific thermal and acoustic properties according to desired functional requirements, such as a plaster-like texture. Roll 165 also has a plurality of vertically spaced and horizontally extending reinforcing bands 161a-e to prevent the sheet 167 from bending relative to a horizontal plane, each reinforcing band consisting of a UUSL FTG CS including a plurality of coupling panels 170. Roll 165 can have a standard size, such as 2m*2.6m, although other sizes of rolls, especially very long rolls, are advantageous. The circular T-shaped cavity protrusions contribute to the vertical stiffness of sheet 167, and the combination of horizontal and vertical stiffness makes horizontal implementation of the sheet possible.

[0611] Regarding existing techniques using linking materials, it is infeasible to work with large veneer panels of standard dimensions, such as drywall (e.g., 260*120cm), on wall 182, and involves a time-consuming process unless the panel is only attached to the wall at a few discrete points. When the outer area of ​​the veneer is fully attached to the wall via linking material and corrections are needed, the veneer is prone to breakage during removal due to the adhesive forces between the veneer and the wall, typically requiring more than one worker to coordinate the process over a lengthy period. Smaller panels are sometimes used, but such operations are even more time-consuming.

[0612] As mentioned above, the most significant advantages of a rollable slab slab system are its storability, portability, and ability to easily slab and attach to uneven walls with very long sheets. Another advantage of the rollable slab slab system is the ability to use sheets with very large surface areas, especially very long sheets, which can easily cover an entire wall or even the entire interior surface of a room without requiring any existing interface technologies, such as patches and sanders used for uniform small-sized coverage. Furthermore, the inner surface of the sheet can be coated or used to create decorative designs very quickly, precisely, and efficiently, even when laminated with a protective layer in the factory using industrial processes. Therefore, the duration of very long, time-consuming operations is significantly reduced at the site. The protective layer can be removed at any stage after the sheet 167 has been applied.

[0613] Suitable equipment can also be used to cover the entire flat or uneven exterior wall with a single thin panel, such as a panel that extends downwards from the highest part of the wall, thereby reducing the duration of physical activity and operations required to cover the exterior wall compared to existing technologies.

[0614] The process described above, whether manual or automated, can significantly reduce the time required for uniform and uneven wall surface coverage.

[0615] When there are openings in the wall such as doors, windows, or electrical outlets, you can stick the sheet to the wall and then easily cut it to the length of the opening to remove any unwanted sheet.

[0616] Figure 40A The structure of sheet 167 when rolled up is shown. Sheet 167 is formed by a plurality of longitudinally spaced cavities 168 and accommodates the attachment of corresponding reinforcing strips 161A.

[0617] The first surface of each coupling panel 170 of the FTG UUSL CS is not visible, for example, it is attached to a sheet 167, whose second surface 174, parallel to the first surface, can be fitted to the wall of a building. Even though each coupling panel 170 of the UUSL CS is attached to a rigid sheet 167, the sheet has sufficient flexibility to facilitate unfolding operations and subsequent roll-up operations (if required).

[0618] like Figure 42A and 42B As shown, when sheet 167 is unfolded, the FTG coupling panels 170 of the UUSL FTG CS are locked together, causing the sheet to become horizontally flat. Due to the rigidity of the circular T-shaped cavity protrusion 187, sheet 167 is also vertically flat. Therefore, when unfolded, sheet 167 is horizontal in all directions.

[0619] The roll-up linking material flattening system offers numerous advantages in terms of storability, portability, and the ability to be easily secured to walls or ceilings by a single worker, especially when the expected weight of the sheet 167 is only a few kilograms, since most linking material is sprayed onto the wall before applying the roll 165.

[0620] Figure 41 The top view shows the horizontal application of the inward-facing surface 166 to the wall 182, where the connecting material 186 has been applied to the wall 182 after the previous sheet 184 has been connected to the wall 182 by the connecting material 186 and is horizontal. The sequentially rolled sheet 187 is unfolded onto the previous sheet 184 by inserting the terminal tongue 184A of the sheet 187 into the terminal slot 184B of the sheet 184 and being forced into contact with the wall material. Figure 41 The unfolding process of sheet 187 is illustrated when a portion of the roll has been applied. The unapplied sheet portion in the remaining roll 165' has a vertical axis BA, and the intercavity protrusions 187B gradually separate from the wall 182 as they approach the remaining roll 165'. When a tangential unfolding force UNF is applied to the roller 165', the unfolding force is transmitted through the height of the roller 165', causing the intercavity protrusions 187I-k to be pushed against the accumulated linking material 186'. The intercavity protrusions 187I-k protrude into the linking material and, according to their instantaneous angular displacement, generate a compressive force CMP1 on the linking material 186, forcing a portion of it into the cavities 168i-k. Excess linking material that does not enter the cavities is pushed along the wall through the roll 165' in response to the compressive force CMP2 and the unfolding force UNF caused by the linking material that has already flowed into the cavities 168i-k. Through this process, the gap between adjacent cavity protrusions, such as cavity protrusions 187h-j and the wall 182, gradually decreases, while a uniform volume of linking material 186 is received in each cavity 168 to ensure that the sheet 187 will be fixed to the wall 182 when flattened. This process is repeated as the unfolding force UNF continues to be applied, and additional cavity protrusions are sequentially and differentially introduced into the relationship with the wall 182.

[0621] Due to the varying application of the connecting materials, the unwinding force (UNF) is advantageously low enough to be applied by a single worker and is substantially uniform across the entire roll height due to the roll's stiffness. The connecting material is easily flattened by the stiffness of the vertical T-shaped cavity protrusions 187B and the vertically spaced UUSL FTG CS reinforcing strips.

[0622] As described above and as Figure 42A As shown, the presence of multiple longitudinally spaced cavities 168 creates corresponding circular T-shaped inter-cavity protrusions 187. Each circular T-shaped inter-cavity protrusion 187 can have the same height as the adjacent cavity 168 and has a thinner outer surface 193, providing a sufficiently large moment of inertia to prevent the plate 167 from bending relative to the vertical plane. The truncated circular cavity wall 196 extending between two adjacent outer surfaces 193 has a pitch angle greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 160 degrees to completely prevent the plate 167 from detaching from the wall after the bonding material has cured, and the plate is firmly fixed to the wall.

[0623] Although the upper surface 169 of the panel 167 can be constructed in other ways, the upper surface 169 of the display panel 167 is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface 193 of each intercavity protrusion 187, which is adjacent to the wall of the building. A plurality of vertically spaced, longitudinally extending recesses 195 are formed in the sheet 167. Each recess 195 is rectangular, recessed from the outer surface 193, and its depth is less than the thickness of the sheet between the inner surface 166 and the outer surface 193.

[0624] The recess 195 is defined from above and below by the extreme vertical edges of each outer surface 193 and the extreme vertical edges of the cavity wall 196. For each cavity 168, the thickness of the sheet 167 decreases from the maximum thickness of the outer surface 193 to the minimum thickness of the centerline 198 of the cavity 196. The centerline 198, where the sheet thickness is minimum, indicates that the sheet region is the weakest and therefore the most flexible.

[0625] The recess 195 is also defined inside by the surface 166. The recess 195 divides a portion of the outer surface 193 shown in the figure into two groups 197a and 197b, wherein the corresponding outer surfaces 193 of groups 197a and 197b are aligned and coplanar.

[0626] Figure 42B A portion of the sheet 167 is shown open when the reinforcing band 161 is inserted into the corresponding recess and the first surface of each coupling panel 170 is connected to the inner surface 166. The second surface of each coupling panel 170 is preferably coplanar with the outer surface 193.

[0627] Figure 43A fully open sheet 167 with multiple reinforcing bands, such as reinforcing bands 161a-e, is shown. Preferably, the position of each coupling panel is such that its axis of rotation is aligned with the cavity wall centerline 198 from above and below. Figure 142 A) This ensures that the flexibility of the sheet is maximized in the sheet region, which is in contact with the rotation axis of the coupling panel. Therefore, even if the roll is reinforced, it can be advantageously rolled up and unrolled.

[0628] Figure 44A -B shows the uninterrupted inner surface 166 of the fully opened sheet 167, and also shows the multiple intercavity protrusions 187 and the cavity 168 between each pair of adjacent intercavity protrusions 187.

[0629] Figure 45 A longitudinal unidirectional pivoting mechanism is shown for use in conjunction with a material leveling system. As shown, the UUSLFTG CS forms a horizontally extending reinforcing band, which is mounted on the corresponding longitudinal groove 195. Figure 42A In this arrangement, the axis of rotation is adjacent to the sheet region 198 located within the corresponding cavity 168. Although the circular T-shaped cavity protrusion 187 has significant vertical rigidity, this arrangement ensures that the angular displacement of the coupling panel and plate guarantees the vertical flatness of the plate during unfolding. The remaining thin layers of the sheet in the longitudinal recess 195 constitute a common sheet, thus completing the structure of the pivoting mechanism. During the curling and unfolding of the connecting system, only when... Figure 13A The linear elastic polygonal line Q shown is along the cavity centerline 198 ( Figure 42A Therefore, even during the alternating curling and unfolding of roll 165, the inner surface 166 of the sheet retains its aesthetic appeal. Figure 40 ).

[0630] like Figure 45 As shown, coupling panel 170 and Figure 4 Similar to the FTG coupling panel 40, but with the addition of a recess 171 formed on the edge of surface 43 and a complementary protrusion 172 formed on the surface 38 of tongue 35.

[0631] The protrusion 172 is used to receive and lock within the recess 171 of the adjacent coupling panel after angular displacement of the adjacent coupling panel about the axis of rotation P when the surfaces 174 of the two coupling panels are abutting the wall of the building, to achieve a temporary weak locking of each adjacent coupling panel, which becomes a permanent strong connection as the linking material hardens. This additional locking helps stabilize the sheet portion already applied to the wall and level, but allows the sheet to be removed by rotating it at the opposite angle before the linking material hardens, with very little effort, when correction is required.

[0632] If, for some reason, alignment must be performed before the linking material is cured, the linking panel 170 is likely to rotate in the opposite direction of rotation relative to the axis of rotation P without contacting the building wall due to the difference in adhesive force between the separated portions of the wall and the sheet, which is minimized according to the curling process.

[0633] In the linked material flattening system, any other coupling panel capable of creating a suitable UUSL CS may also be used, whether or not it is described here.

[0634] In another embodiment, such as Figure 45A As shown in -B, sheet 177 is similar to... Figure 42A The sheet 167 can also employ multiple longitudinally spaced cavities 168 and T-shaped inter-cavity protrusions 187, extending entirely along the height (or length) of the sheet without constructing any reinforcing bands. This type of sheet is unidirectionally flattened by external supports in one direction of rotation, while being flexible in another. External supports, such as longitudinally extending and horizontal plates 179, are fixed to the wall 182 and can be covered by applied linking material 186, allowing the sheet to be horizontal in a normally vertical direction, but in any other direction different from the direction in which the T-shaped inter-cavity protrusions 187 extend. Thus, when the sheet 177 is positioned on the wall, it is simultaneously flattened along two different directions, with the T-shaped inter-cavity protrusions 187 extending in the first direction and the external supports 179 extending in the second direction, thereby promoting the flatness of the sheet's plane. Panels or other types of supports can be designed to correspond to profiles on the outer surface of the sheet to reduce the distance between the sheet and the wall when the sheet is applied, thereby reducing the thickness and amount of required linking material.

[0635] Figures 46-55 illustrate another embodiment of a deployable link material flattening system that can use simple, non-rigid sheets flattened by an auxiliary reusable device.

[0636] The figure shows a top view of a deployable link material leveling system 205 partially applied to a wall. The deployable link material leveling system 205 includes an elongated sheet 207 and a polygonal retaining structure 210, both of which retain the sheet 207 in a curled form before being applied to the building wall 182. Figure 46A As shown, the flat sheet 207, when applied to the building wall 182, as... Figure 46BAs shown. The polygonal retaining structure 210 is used to be set to either a retracted or deployed condition. When the retaining structure 210 and the sheet 207 therein are deployed, the first portion 217 of the retaining structure 210 serves as a base portion adapted to abut against a building wall while pressing the sheet 207 against a bonding material already sprayed on the wall, and the second portion 218 is a reinforcing portion adapted to significantly improve the vertical stiffness of the retaining structure, thereby enabling the horizontal and secure application of the sheet 207 to the wall.

[0637] As described above, plate 207 may be configured with a plurality of vertically extending cavities and protrusions between circular T-shaped cavities. Alternatively, the linking material leveling system 205 may include Figure 47 The sheet 208 shown is configured with a plurality of externally protruding protrusions 209 to facilitate anchoring the sheet 208 within the connecting material without requiring a cavity to anchor the sheet to the wall. Any other sheet configuration that ensures a reliable and secure connection between the sheet and the wall by mechanical, chemical, or other methods is also within the scope of this invention.

[0638] Or such as Figure 47A As shown in -B, T-shaped protrusions may be distributed onto the outer surface 216B of the sheet 216 before it is secured to wall 182, using an adhesive material or any other suitable material that can be chemically, mechanically, or otherwise bonded to the linking material. In this embodiment, both the outer surface 216B and the inner surface 216A of the sheet 216 are uninterrupted. If desired, securing devices may be applied to any sheet or web described herein, or even to sheets or webs not described herein, to enhance the strength of the connection with the linking material.

[0639] Figure 48 The retaining structure 210 shown in its contracted state is a UUSL PMA (Polygonal Axis) CS, which is constructed with multiple series-connected, releasably coupled PMA coupling panels 214a-214w. When the coupling panels 214a-214w are not yet connected to each other, the retaining structure 210 is as follows: Figure 49 As shown.

[0640] Various interconnected coupling panels create segments 214a-1, 214ab, 214bc, 214cd...214vw, 214w-2 as polygonal retaining structures. Under retraction conditions, each coupling panel is interconnected with its adjacent coupling panel, creating two segments of the retaining structure. More specifically, free-end coupling panel 214A creates free-end segment 214a-1 and is interconnected with coupling panel 214B to create segment 214ab, coupling panel 214B is interconnected with coupling panel 214c to create segment 214bc, and so on. Each segment is at an angle relative to its adjacent segment, for example, 60 degrees. The segments are arranged in a coiled manner using multiple polygonal loops, for example, four polygonal loops, such that the outer polygonal loop surrounds and contains the inner polygonal loop adjacent to the outer polygonal loop. Coil formation is made possible by ensuring that the segments in each polygonal loop are substantially parallel to the corresponding segments in the adjacent loops, and that the segments of the inner polygonal loop are shorter than the segments of the outer polygonal loop. The angular relationship between each pair of adjacent segments is generally equal throughout the retaining structure 210. The coiled formation provides a gap 219 between each pair of adjacent polygonal rings, wherein the sheet is received before it is applied to the wall.

[0641] like Figures 51A-51C As shown, the peripherally adjacent PMA coupling panels are interconnected by a pivot element PIIA (peripherally connectable inner shaft) schematically illustrated, which extends the height of the entire retaining structure 210, thereby allowing one coupling panel PMA1 to pivot relative to the second coupling panel PMA2.

[0642] Although not shown, the sheet is attached to the outer surface of each segment by releasable attachment devices, which are constructed with limited strength to ensure that the sheet remains attached to the retaining structure when applied to the building wall, and that it will detach from the retaining structure so that the retaining structure can be reused when it is rolled back after the bonding material has fully hardened. The releasable attachment devices can be selected from various methods, such as weak adhesive layers and mechanical methods. This arrangement ensures the flatness of the sheet when applied to the building wall.

[0643] The typical PMA coupling panel 210A of the retaining structure 210, as shown in Figures 50a-50C, is an angular element having two integrally formed, angledly spaced side segments 210a-1 and 210a-2. The coupling panel 210A is a PMA coupling panel, meaning that when multiple coupling panels are connected in series, such as... Figure 48 As shown, a polygonal retaining structure can be generated that rotates about an axis located in the intermediate region coinciding with the core component; this structure is indicated by shading. Figure 50A-CAs shown, the side portion 210a-1 of the PMA coupling panel 210A is reinforced by horizontal protrusions 210a-7, which are generally vertically spaced at the same height as the surface 210a-1 of the side portion. The side portion 210a-2 is constructed with a plurality of vertically spaced recesses 210a-8, the dimensions of which are substantially the same as the corresponding protrusions 210a-7, although they generally have additional small gaps relative to the protrusions 210a-7.

[0644] Further as Figures 50A-50C As shown, each PMA coupling panel 210A is configured with two pivot elements 210A-4 and 210A-3 extending along the height of the coupling panel. When the pivot element 210A-3 of one coupling panel is interconnected with the pivot element 210A-4 of the adjacent coupling panel, an inner axis PIIA is generated. The inner axis PIIA comprises a plurality of axis units interconnected in series, preferably evenly spaced, each axis unit being very similar to the inner axis A1. Figure 26A Pivot element 210a-4 comprises multiple elements, each corresponding to a recessed intermediate plate, and pivot element 210a-3 comprises multiple elements, each corresponding to a protruding end plate, to achieve unidirectional angular mobility. PIIA can also be based on any other principle, provided the axis of rotation is positioned along axis N.

[0645] Figures 52A-52B The diagram schematically illustrates the cooperation of two adjacent PMA-coupled panels under contraction and expansion conditions. Regarding... Figure 52A As shown in the extended conditions, the planes 210a-5 of each coupling panel PMA1 and PMA2 are collinear due to the angular constraint of the inner axis PIIA extending along the height of the two coupling panels. Regarding Figure 52B The retraction condition shown is such that when the protrusion 210a-7 of coupling panel PMA2 is inserted into the recess 210a-8 of coupling panel PMA1, the side portion 210a-2 of coupling panel PMA1 and the side portion 210a-1 of coupling panel PMA2 are interconnected. Therefore, a complete segment PS1 of polygonal structure 210 is created.

[0646] Figures 51A-51C An isometric view of the two PMA coupling panels before interconnection is shown. Figure 51A After interconnection under extended conditions ( Figure 51B ), and their interconnection in the contracted state ( Figure 51C ).

[0647] By the above method Figure 49 The schematic diagram illustrates the separate PMA-coupled panel interconnects and interconnections used to create the retaining structure 210. (See diagram 210.) Figure 51BAs shown and described above, planes 210a-5 of coupling panel PMA1 and coupling panel PMA2 are coplanar to create UUSL CS, and are able to be adjacent to the wall when the structure 210 is deployed, so as to ensure horizontality and safety of sheet 207. Figure 46A ) or 208 (Fig. 208), wherein a sheet is applied to the building wall. While the retaining structure 210 continues to be opened and subjected to a reaction force by the building wall, the side 210a-2 of the coupling panel PMA1 is released from the side 210a-1 of the coupling panel PMA2, ​​assuming expansion conditions.

[0648] like Figure 53 As shown in the unfolding conditions, in order to increase the structural rigidity and function as a reinforcement, the ability of the coupled panel side to tilt and protrude is required. Due to the side portion 210a-2 (as... Figure 52A As shown, the collinear side segment 210a-1 of the coupling panels PMA1 and PMA2 obliquely protrudes, and the reaction force applied by the oblique side segment 210a-2 has a projected VC. This projected VC is orthogonal to the two adjacent half-segments 210a-1 of the coupling panels PMA1 and PMA2, ​​each half-segment schematically represented as HC. The two half-segments HC combine with the projected VC to produce a T-shaped segment T-SEC with a large moment of inertia, represented by a concave line. The T-section significantly increases the vertical stiffness of the vertically oriented PMA coupling panels, thereby providing a retaining structure 210 ( Figure 46B It has a high degree of vertical stiffness when unfolded.

[0649] Figures 54A-54D The sheet 207 (or 208) is shown inserted into the retaining structure 210. Figure 48 In the gap 219, the process is then applied to the building wall. First, as Figure 54A As shown, the coil-holding structure S1, whether Figure 48 The retention structure 210 or Figure 56 The retaining structure 220 is located on top of the sheet stack SP1, such that the free end of the curled retaining structure S1 is aligned with the edge of the upper sheet. Then... Figure 54B The coiled retaining structure S1 unfolds along the stack SP1, with the outer surface of the coupling panel adjacent to the inner surface of the upper sheet, resulting in the exposure of the wing-shaped stabilizing side portion of the coupling panel in the expanded state. When the sheet is clamped together with the unfolded retaining structure and the releasable attachment device, the retaining structure and the upper sheet roll in opposite directions, as... Figure 54C-54D As shown. Consequently, within the gap between each pair of adjacent turns of the retaining structure, receiving piece 207 or 208, or any other suitable piece, such as... Figure 55 As shown. It should be noted that even without a releasable connecting device, the sheet can be held in place by friction between each pair of adjacent rings of the retaining structure.

[0650] Refer again Figure 46B After the connecting material is applied to the exposed wall portion via a pneumatic injection unit, such as a compressor, to quickly attach the sheet to the wall, the first segment associated with the free end of the retaining structure 210 is positioned in a relationship of adjacency and force application to the building wall, facilitating the securing of the sheet portion attached to the first segment of the retaining structure 210 to the building wall. Although not shown in the figures, the polygonal retaining structure 210 is mechanically stable, for example by a thin, vertically extending device that holds the vertical edge of the previously applied sheet by pressure and secures it in place by pressure upon contact with the floor and ceiling. This arrangement prevents the transmission of any unwanted movement to adjacent sheets that have already been applied to the wall and the currently applied sheet is interconnected by, for example, tongue and groove joints, to achieve an easy and stable unfolding process. Similarly, the currently applied sheet is also supported by the same or identical device, which, after interconnection with the previous sheet, allows for easy unfolding operation with the lower edge of the roll slightly above the floor. After stabilizing the structure, it unfolds differentially around the vertical axis, allowing the sheet portion attached to the second segment adjacent to the first segment to be applied to the building wall. As the polygonal retaining structure 210 rotates, the reinforcing portion 218 associated with each segment is angularly displaced relative to the corresponding base 217, externally reinforcing the retaining structure and providing significant vertical stiffness to ensure the applied sheet is horizontal in the vertical direction. Figure 50C The inner axis and the angular constraint of the protrusion 210a-7 shown in the diagram achieve horizontal flatness of the sheet. Therefore, the sheet can be flattened by increasing both horizontal and vertical stiffness, and the sheet can be manufactured relatively easily and inexpensively according to any desired shape.

[0651] Due to the above operations, as Figure 46A As shown, the differential sheet application is advantageous because only the narrow, vertically extending area of ​​sheet 207, for example, 10 cm wide, is effective in its interaction with the building wall 182 and the applied bonding material. Therefore, only a small force is needed to compress and drive the bonding material when the sheet is unfolded and flattened. Furthermore, when correction is required, the re-rolling operation to return the previously applied sheet and the corresponding first and / or second portions to the rolled-up retaining structure may require very low force, as only the low adhesive force activated in the narrow sheet area needs to be overcome. In contrast, when cement or drywall is completely removed from a wall according to prior art practices, much higher adhesive forces must be overcome in a very time-consuming repair operation, which may lead to breakage of the board.

[0652] To improve the differential application of thin sheets and correspondingly reduce the force applied to the thin sheets during the curling process, the following can be adopted: Figure 56A similar circular retaining structure 220 is shown. In retaining structure 220, IFTG (reverse folding tongue and groove) coupling panels 223 and 224 are used in place of retaining structure 210. Figure 48 The PMA coupling panel of the retaining structure 220 enables differential curling and unfolding operations. Compared to retaining structure 210, the improved differential force application of retaining structure 220 is achieved through its circular construction, which reduces contact between the attached sheet area and the wall. The circular retaining structure 220 must include an IFTG coupling panel, rather than an FTG coupling panel, to maintain the rotation axis N of the coupling panel in abutment with the inner surface of the plate, as shown, to avoid any relative movement between the surface 225 of the coupling panel and the inner surface of the plate during curling or unfolding of the circular retaining structure. Any relative movement would cause the sheet to separate from the retaining structure and could potentially cause folding and tearing before the sheet adheres to the wall. One coupling panel 224 of the set of IFTG coupling panels is thicker than the other set of coupling panels 223 to accommodate an elongated arcuate protrusion 226, which acts as a stiffening element, similar to the function of the rigid element 218 in retaining structure 210. The coupling panel 224 of the retaining structure 220 with the arcuate protrusion 226 is shown below. Figure 57 As shown. Therefore, multiple unidirectional deployable IFTG coupling panels 223 and 224, along with reinforcing portion 226, will allow for the application of improved rigidity levels and variations in the thin-plate to the building wall 182, as... Figure 58A -B is shown.

[0653] A single rigid plate having the same structure as the unfolded plate 167 (Figures 42-43) may have additional T-shaped cavity protrusions extending perpendicularly to the direction of the T-shaped cavity protrusions 187 or in any other direction to establish planar rigidity of the plate, and is within the scope of this invention. The vertical protrusions of the T-shaped cavity protrusions may be constructed with holes through which the connecting material can flow when the T-shaped cavity protrusions are fixed within the connecting material, while the single plate presses against the wall.

[0654] Figure 58C Another embodiment of the rigid sheet is shown. The rigid sheet STP1 has a thin inner surface 230 and an outer surface 231 formed by a frame consisting of two directional rigid elements 232. Figure 58D The image is shown more clearly, rather than showing protrusions between T-shaped cavities. Preferably, element 232 is easily pushed into the linking material after being applied to the exposed wall by the pneumatic spray unit. Depending on the stiffness of frame 232 and the deepest point in the linking material when plate STP1 is attached to the wall, the inner surface 230 will remain horizontal, and plate STP1 will remain fixed to the wall as the linking material solidifies.

[0655] Figure 58EThe outer surface 233 of plate STP2 is shown, which is similar to plate STP1 except that it has a rigid element 234 only in the first direction and can be folded, rolled up, or unfolded in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Plate STP2 can be used when it is applied to a panel with a longitudinally flat, non-rigid element 234 and anchored to a wall. Alternatively, plate STP2 can cover a column or any one or more curved surfaces. The application of plate STP2 is similar to that described above for plate STP1.

[0656] Plates STP1 and STP2 can be used to cover unsuitable wall areas for rapid roll application.

[0657] Compared to other boards, the advantages of using STP1 and STP2 boards include their lightweight nature, which facilitates board repositioning, requires less effort and is easier to secure to the wall before the bonding material hardens, allows for quick and simple wall application, and provides a very secure hold to the wall once the bonding material has hardened. Furthermore, the thinner thickness of STP1 and STP2 boards, which only covers and smooths the bonding material, speeds up the application process compared to traditional drywall boards, thus delivering all the benefits.

[0658] Similar to plates STP1 and STP2, it includes T-shaped cavity protrusions 187 ( Figure 44B Alternatively, plates that replace frames 232 or 234 or include any other type of reinforcing frame are also suitable and are within the scope of the invention.

[0659] The outer surface of a thin sheet or monolithic rigid surface can be bonded to the applied bonding material through adhesive, assimilation, mechanical, chemical means, and combinations thereof, whether or not with the aid of maintaining the structure. A strong chemical or adhesive bond can be established between the sheet and the bonding material using materials such as cement, crushed stone, thin crushed stone, or any other suitable material.

[0660] like Figure 58F As shown, a plurality of elongated holes EA1 are provided in the outer surface EF1 of a sheet SH1 having an inner smooth surface IF1. These elongated holes EA1 can be parallel to each other to facilitate integration with the applied linking material without compromising the sheet's ability to fold, curl, or unfold. Material, such as the linking material itself, is introduced into the holes EA1 by at least mechanical means, preferably by factory introduction, and is strongly held against the walls of the respective holes, although the material can be introduced into the holes EA1 by any other suitable technique. The introduced material is integrated with the linking material applied to the walls by a strong bond, the linking material being at least chemically or adhesively bonded.

[0661] Figure 58GThe aperture EA1 is an enlarged version of the material introduced into the aperture EA1 after curing and anchoring to the sheet, which becomes transparent. The aperture EA1 shows an arcuate cross-section, slightly tilted more than 180 degrees, while the outer surface OF1 of the cured material is preferably coplanar with the outer surface EF1 of the sheet SH1.

[0662] Figure 58H The inner smooth and pore-free surface IF2 and outer surface EF2 of sheet SH2 are shown. It is similar to sheet SH1 except that it has a circular T-shaped hole CA2 for receiving bonding material instead of an elongated hole EA1.

[0663] In the magnification of the aperture, and Figure 58I The transparently rendered sheet shows CA2 together, each hole CA2 having a wide circular base CB2 located within the thin plate and a thinner circular portion having an outer surface CE2, which is preferably coplanar with an outer surface EF2.

[0664] Sheets designed to be similar to sheets SH1 and SH2 but with other shapes and arrangements are also suitable and within the scope of this invention.

[0665] Monolithic sheets can be used to cover areas that cannot be covered by foldable or rollable sheets. To simplify and complement the surface covering process, accessories such as corner pieces with similar structures to monolithic sheets are required.

[0666] UUSL CS can also be used as a rollable, foldable, or flexible system, which is a deployable horizontal frame on which [the following is implemented / contains]... Figure 45A The longitudinal extension anchored to the wall 182 and the monolithic plate or roll similar to the horizontal panel 179 are also within the scope of this invention.

[0667] Panel system

[0668] Figures 59-630 A system for applying paneling material to existing walls for dry construction is shown. Although paneling material associated with paneling systems is typically applied to interior walls, serving as an alternative to drywall, plasterboard, and other solid panels, it can also be applied similarly to exterior walls.

[0669] Paneling systems eliminate the time-consuming and tedious tasks typically required for drywall installation, including screwing the drywall to vertical framing elements such as studs or lightweight steel frames, covering the joints between screws and adjacent veneers with loose material or other sheet material, sanding the inner surface of the drywall, and marking the desired inner surface. Paneling systems streamline the paneling process, simplifying on-site operations and enabling individual application of large panel veneers.

[0670] According to one embodiment, the panel system 240 is an FTG UUSL CS, such as Figure 59 As shown. The paneling system 240 includes a plurality of spaced-apart vertical frame elements 254, such as anchors, fixed to the wall 182, and each having vertically spaced slits 246. The paneling system also includes a plurality of coupling panels 40 ( Figure 4 The system comprises multiple arc-shaped pins 242 and a general-purpose plate 241 constructed with paneling material. For each pin 242, a first pin portion 242a may be embedded in the core region 113 of each coupling panel, and a second pin portion 242b may protrude from the lower surface 114 of the coupling panel 40. Although the plate system 240 is shown constructed with coupling panels 40, it should be understood that it can also be constructed with any coupling panel described herein. A roll 244 of the coupling panels 40 and the common sheet 241 is used for mounting on one or more frame elements 254, while each pin portion 242b is inserted into a corresponding slot 246 to secure the coupling panel 40 to the wall. The material provided by the roll 244 can also be considered as a “paneling material unit.” The multiple pins 242 are generally equally spaced such that when the roll 244 is unrolled, each pin can vertically coincide with a set of pins of the adjacent coupling panel. Due to the attachment of the common sheet 241, the inner surface of the paneling material is uninterrupted and preferably aesthetically pleasing, typically having a texture of ordinary cement plaster or white acrylic paint, although any other decorative construction is applicable.

[0671] like Figure 60A As shown in -B, roll 244 has a horizontal axis and can be wide enough to allow its pin 242 to be mounted on a slot 246 formed in a plurality of bolts 254, and can be adjacent to an additional roll suitable for mounting on a horizontally adjacent set of bolts.

[0672] Figures 61A-61F An embodiment of a device for connecting pin 242 to coupling panel 40 is shown.

[0673] Figure 61A This is an isometric view of the pin 242 inserted into the coupling panel 40, showing the circular protruding pin portion 242b, but pins with different constructions, such as fingertip pins, can also be used. Figure 61B-61F The pin-related components, their interconnections, and the interconnection between pin 242 and core 113 of coupling panel 90 are shown.

[0674] like Figure 61D As shown, pin 242 includes two arc-shaped portions 242a and 242b. Pin portion 242b is serrated, as shown in... Figure 61C As shown, tooth 271 is defined, and it is inserted into the tooth with pressure as shown. Figure 61E The serrated hole 272 shown is formed in the coupling panel core 113. The size of the hole 272 allows for a small gap 274, such as... Figure 61FAs shown, after the pin portion 242b is fully inserted into the hole, the depth of the hole 272 is less than the thickness of the coupling panel; for example, when the thickness of the coupling panel is 2 cm, the depth of the hole 272 is 1.7 cm. The protruding pin portion 242a protrudes through the hole 268 provided in the thin plate 263, as shown. Figure 61B As shown, the serrated aperture 272 is covered. This arrangement of the serrated pin portion 242b and the serrated aperture 272 facilitates the releasable connection of the pin 242 to the coupling panel, as shown in Figure 61F, allowing the pin to be easily... Figure 59 The slit 246 shown is internally coupled, but when adjustment to the mounting position of the coupling panel is required, pin 242 is allowed to disengage from the coupling panel, as shown. Figure 63B As shown.

[0675] Each protruding pin portion 242a may be configured with two wings 274a and 274b, which can be compressed inwards while the pin portion 242b is inserted into the stud 254. Figure 59 The roll 244 is inserted into the slit 246 and can be unfolded after insertion so that the roll 244 can be secured to the frame element 254 when unfolded.

[0676] As an example structure of frame element 254, such as Figures 62A-62C As shown. Figure 62A As shown, guide rail 254a has a thin trapezoidal shape with a wall 256, which is mounted to an existing building surface, for example, by drilling. Narrow walls 264A and 264B are substantially parallel to wall 256 and connected to wall 256 by two narrow, inclined walls 247a and 247b. This results in grooves 259a and 259b, enabling connection to... Figure 62B The slotted profile 254b shown is connected to the guide rail. The slotted profile 254b has a U-shaped profile with generally parallel sidewalls 251A and 251B, a front wall 270, a wing 260a including a thin rectangular corner wall 261A, and a wing 260b including a thin rectangular corner wall 261b. A plurality of longitudinally spaced, equally spaced slots 246 are formed along the height of the wall 270, each slot extending almost entirely along the width of the wall 270 and adapted to receive a corresponding pin. Holes 250 can be formed along the length of each of the sidewalls 251A and 251B to reduce material usage and facilitate the transfer of sanitary and electrical systems.

[0677] Figure 62C Each of the frame elements 254 shown includes two units, such as Figure 62A The track 254b shown and as Figure 62BThe slotted profile 254b is shown. First, a thin, upright track 254a, which may be made of aluminum or any other suitable material, is fixed to the wall by screws. Then, the flanges 260a and 260b force the grooves 259a and 259b onto the track 254a, respectively. With this connection, movement of the slotted profile 254b is prevented except for vertical translation along the length of the track 254a, because the flanges 260a and 260b can slide within the grooves 259a and 259b, respectively. The slit 246 is located at the height of the front wall 270 of the slotted profile 254b, and is thin and has a width of up to approximately 7 cm.

[0678] Even if the guide rail 254a is not properly installed on the building wall, the guide rail 254a can slide along the slits 246 with the sliding wings 260a and 260b, thereby enabling each protruding pin portion 242b to be inserted into the corresponding slit.

[0679] The frame element 254, located at the end of the paneling system, can be constructed slightly differently from the other frame elements to improve its aesthetic appearance. For example... Figure 60A-1 As shown, the guide rails and slotted profiles depicted in the figure have sidewalls 254as and 254b perpendicular to the building walls. However, the extreme-cut profiles can slide along their corresponding extreme tracks because the wings of the extreme-cut profiles are angled in different directions or have different configurations relative to the frame elements located in the middle area of ​​the paneling system.

[0680] By unrolling volume 244 upwards, as follows Figure 63A As shown, when receiving the pin 242 in each corresponding slit 246, the paneling material unit can be quickly installed without any additional installation operations, but a thin sheet of material is applied and reinforced at the interface between adjacent pairs of paneling material units so that the interface is concealed. Since the interfaces between each pair of paneling material units are similar, this final operation can be quickly completed using equipment specifically designed for this purpose. The roll 240 can be wide enough to cover the entire wall in a single roll, avoiding the need for interfaces between adjacent panels.

[0681] On the other hand, if the construction workers need to make corrections, the coupling panel already installed on wall 182 can be re-rolled onto roll 244, such as... Figure 63B As shown, this causes the pin 242 of the re-curled coupling panel to separate from it and remain coupled in the slit it was previously inserted into.

[0682] It should be understood that pin 242 can also be formed as a single piece with coupling panel or stud 254.

[0683] The ability to provide paneling material in compact rolls is advantageous to construction workers because, when roll 244 is unrolled, a large number of essentially flat paneling units can be compactly stacked on top of each other, for example, while being transported to the construction site by truck. One paneling unit is then rolled up by the construction worker and individually carried to the wall to be installed. Construction workers can also independently and easily install flat paneling units onto a row of pins and unroll them until they are fully installed on the corresponding set of pins. The mobility of the flat paneling units as rolls significantly improves workers' ability to navigate congested areas of the construction site, walk on scaffolding, and pass through narrow corridors, door openings, attic openings, etc. Therefore, the use of roll 244 allows the construction process to continue in parallel with the construction of walls and ceilings, thereby reducing construction time.

[0684] The panel material unit can be made of the same material used to manufacture rigid panels, but can be formed through cutting operations, etc., to assume the construction of any of the coupled panels described herein. Typical materials include fiber cement materials, aluminum composite plastic materials, and bamboo. Thus, Volume 244 is a UUSL CS, which can include multiple interlocking, rigid, relatively lightweight, and unidirectionally deployable coupled panels. The inner surface of the panel material is typically a common sheet applied to all coupled panels.

[0685] Alternatively, the panel material units can be made of a completely flexible material, which facilitates rolling and unfolding operations.

[0686] although Figure 59 The paneling system 240 in 60 is shown to be constructed with vertical frame elements 254, which are fixed to the existing wall 182. It is understood that the paneling system is equally applicable to the use of inclined frame elements. Accordingly, the wall 182 can be any desired orientation of the building surface, typically vertical, but can also be horizontal, for example, for applying paneling material to inclined or even curved floors or ceilings.

[0687] The support member SM has a concave support surface 257 and two opposing vertical legs 258, with the support surface 257 inserted between the vertical legs 258, as shown below. Figure 60A-3As shown, this is used to contact the coiled sheet unit 244. When using a vertical frame element, the coil 244 is placed on a support member SM located at the bottom of the wall. The lowest two or three rows of pins 242 are inserted into their corresponding slots 246 located near the bottom edge of the frame element 254, and then the remainder of the coil is unrolled upwards for full installation. If the pins 242 of the lower coupling panel are not perfectly aligned with their corresponding slots 246, as described above, the slotted profile 254b slides on the track 254a to position it correctly. Once the pins protruding from the lower coupling panel 40 are aligned with their corresponding slots, the system is calibrated. After pressing the first two or three rows of pins into their respective slots, the coil 244 can be unrolled upwards for full installation. The width of the slots 246 ensures that each pin is inserted into its corresponding slot even when the frame element 254 is not precisely secured to the wall.

[0688] The support member SM is shown to have two fixed legs 258 that contact the bottom surface; however, it should be understood that the support member may be configured with a displacement device, such as a lifter that movably contacts the support surface 257, to facilitate deployment operations. The support member SM may include a manual mechanism or an electric motor to facilitate lifting the surface 257 during roll mounting.

[0689] Figure 63A The diagram illustrates that when roll 244 unfolds along stud 254, pin 242 is inserted into its corresponding slit 246. As shown, wings 274a and 274b are compressed during the insertion of their pins 242 into their respective slits 246. Once the pin is fully inserted, its corresponding plate 263 abuts against the wall 270 of stud 254, wings 274a and 274b expand, and the pin is secured to the wall 270. If correction is required, roll 244 can be rolled in the opposite direction, as... Figure 63B As shown, pin 242 will remain anchored to wall 270, and pin portion 242b will be pulled out of groove 272. By unrolling roll 244 again, each pin will return to its slot, and the panel system will anchor back to the wall. After the entire application of roll 244 along the wall, removing one or a group of adjacent coupling panels is an impossible task due to the unidirectional stiffness of the coupling panels and the distribution of their rotation axes, unless rolled in the opposite direction starting from their free edge. Therefore, the stability and durability of the unfolded multiple coupling panels make operations such as picture hanging, shelving, wall-mounted cabinets, and wall-mounted racks similar to similar fixing operations performed on a single wall.

[0690] The paneling system of this invention, employing rollable and unfoldable panel material units, offers the significant advantage of using drywall, as the panel material units can be reused during maintenance operations, such as repairing leaking pipes passing through the sidewalls of guideways. While drywall must be cut, for example with a saw, to access the faulty component, and subsequent repairs and patching are necessary after maintenance, the paneling system allows convenient access to the faulty component by simply separating the interface between adjacent pairs of panel material units and rolling up the panel material unit to conceal the component requiring repair. After maintenance, the flat material unit is simply unfolded, and the interface between adjacent pairs of flat material units is re-fitted.

[0691] It should be understood that paneling systems can be used not only to apply paneling material to existing walls, but also to metal frames that extend vertically from the floor to the ceiling. Metal frames are typically used to support plasterboard or other drywall materials during the construction of dry-construction interior walls. Frame element 254 (e.g.) Figure 59 As shown), such as studs or columns, the frame element allows the paneling material described above to be mounted on a metal frame, or to form a structural element of the metal frame.

[0692] In other embodiments, different connecting elements can be used instead of pin 242 and different connectable areas, instead of slit 246 and hole 272. For example, each connecting element can be implemented by adhesive bonding, such as any linking material that establishes a sufficiently strong interconnection between the flat outer surface of the coupling panel and the flat inner surface of the attached frame element. The outer surface of the coupling panel can be designed in various ways, such as a corrugated design, to increase the contact area with the linking material. Using an adhesive device is also significantly advantageous because the roll 244 of the coupling panel can be applied directly to a flat or uneven wall.

[0693] Figure 63C A vertically oriented stud 281 and a coupling panel 283 in a different orientation are shown, the coupling panel 283 being configured to be mechanically and adhesively connected together. A stud 285 adapted to be positioned at one end of the panel system and also mechanically and adhesively connected to the coupling panel 283 is also shown.

[0694] Coupled panel 283 and coupled panel 40 ( Figure 4 ) is the same as, or is similar to, other coupled panels such as coupled panel 90 ( Figure 17 The stud 281 is similar to the core 113, but it has a hole 280 extending longitudinally through the core 113 and recessed from the surface 46. The hole 280 may have an arcuate horizontal cross-section with an angle greater than 180 degrees. The stud 281 is constructed with one or more longitudinally extending arcuate holes 282 having an angle greater than 180 degrees and recessed from its inner surface.

[0695] In use, multiple spaced-apart studs 281 are mounted on the wall. (Volume 244) Figure 60A-3 The device includes multiple coupling panels 283, each having a hole 280, and is configured such that each hole 280 faces a stud hole 282 and extends at an angle over all stud holes 282. Alternatively, each hole 280 may not be aligned with the stud hole 282. A connecting material is applied to the inner surface 284 of each stud 281, thereby urging the connecting material to flow into the holes 280 and 282 when a roll 244 is applied to the wall of the stud 281. When the connecting material solidifies, a very strong and reliable mechanical connection is created at the junction of each hole 280 and 282. Different hole shapes, such as T-shaped and dovetail-shaped configurations, are also suitable and within the scope of the invention.

[0696] The use of such adhesive connecting elements and connectable areas allows for considerable flexibility in the placement of roll 244 relative to frame elements or directly relative to the wall, as the roll does not need to be positioned in a specific location relative to the frame elements. Furthermore, even if the frame elements are not installed accurately, a wide range of connecting material thicknesses can be applied to produce a flat inner sheet. The mechanical connections created by these adhesive methods are very strong, potentially similar to those established by pins or even by screwing drywall panels onto studs. When using adhesive methods, the panel material can be applied directly to the walls of the building, whether the wall is a single-piece surface or a frame.

[0697] Paneling material can be applied via horizontally rolled roll 244. Roll 244 is advantageous because it allows for the storage, repositioning, and application of very long paneling overlays with minimal interface, thus avoiding the time-consuming operations of existing techniques such as repair and sanding. Paneling materials with pre-painted or any other aesthetically pleasing decorative designs, which may also have a removable laminated protective layer, can also be used.

[0698] The mechanical connections described above can also be implemented for single-piece boards, and are within the scope of this invention.

[0699] Figure 63D The uncovered inner surface 300 and recessed outer surface 301 of a monolithic panel MB1 are shown. The monolithic panel MB1 is constructed with a plurality of elongated, spaced-apart arcuate holes 302 with angles greater than 180 degrees, each arcuate hole extending vertically over the entire height of the outer surface of the panel. Although the panel is made of a material such as plaster, which is prone to cracking or breakage when elongated holes are formed in a precast panel, such damage is advantageous or completely eliminated when a strip 303, such as a plastic or elastic material, is embedded within the wall of each corresponding hole 302. The strip 303 typically has the same geometry as the corresponding hole 302 and serves to support the hole walls and absorb stress generated within the hole walls, thereby restoring or even enhancing the original load-bearing capacity of the panel.

[0700] When plate MB1 is supported by multiple supports, holes 302 can be cut, and then a strip 303 can be fixed or otherwise inserted into the holes 302 to support the walls of the corresponding holes. Alternatively, the strip can be attached to the plate before the holes are formed.

[0701] During the wall production process, the 303 strip can be integrated into the monolithic panel at any stage to avoid the process of forming apertures in the non-recessed panel.

[0702] Strips similar to and functionally identical to strip 303 can be anchored to the inner surface of a plate in a site or during industrial processes to prevent the formation of holes 303.

[0703] Each strip 303 may have a lip 311 at its end that extends longitudinally through the corresponding hole 302. Each lip 311 may extend sufficiently laterally from the corresponding hole 302 to allow for a secure connection with the thin paper layer (not shown) constituting the outer layer of the veneer MB1. The lip 311 is generally flush with the outer surface 301. When the veneer MB1 is not plasterboard, the strip may not be necessary.

[0704] Figure 63E The monolithic plate MB2 is shown, which is the same as the monolithic plate MB1, but the width directions of the elongated arc-shaped hole 306 and the strip 307 are different, respectively with... Figure 63D The arc-shaped hole 302 is the same as the strip 303. The monolithic plate MB2 also has a non-perforated inner surface 304 and a recessed outer surface 305.

[0705] Figure 63F The installation of plate MB1 on horizontal bolt 281 is shown, and plate MB1 is fixed to wall 308. (See diagram.) Figure 63G-2 As shown, when plate MB1 interacts with the connecting material 309 previously applied to stud 281, although the connecting material can also be applied to the plate, it urges the connecting material 309 to flow into the hole 282 of bolt 281 and the hole 302 of plate MB1. The connection of the connecting material within holes 282 and 302, in addition to adhesion, constitutes a very strong and reliable mechanical connection when the connecting material 309 solidifies.

[0706] Figure 63H The image shows plate MB2 mounted on a vertical stud 281 fixed to wall 308. (See image.) Figure 63I-63K As shown, when plate MB2 interacts with the connecting material 309 previously applied to stud 281, although the connecting material can also be applied to the plate, it is urged to flow into the hole 282 of bolt 281 and the hole 306 of plate MB2. The connection of the connecting material within holes 282 and 306 constitutes a very strong and reliable mechanical connection, except for adhesion when the connecting material 309 solidifies. Figure 63L , 63M-1 Figure 63M-2 shows the plate MB1 being directly mounted to the exposed wall 308. First, a bonding material 309 is applied to the outer surface 301 of the plate. Figure 63D At some discrete points, it is ensured that the entire length of each hole 302 or discrete points within the entire length of each hole 302 can receive the linking material. Secondly, the plate MB1 is compressed and flattened against the wall, urging the linking material to flow into the holes 302. Therefore, in addition to adhesive or chemical bonding, a strong mechanical bond is established between the plate and the linking material upon curing.

[0707] Figure 63N and 63O The diagram illustrates the direct mounting of panel MB1 to an exposed wall 308, wherein a bonding material is applied to the entire surface of the wall corresponding to the surface area of ​​the panel. First, bonding material 309 is applied and flattened as much as possible, preferably using a rotor with recesses. Next, holes 302 are filled with bonding material, and then the panel is compressed and flattened against the wall. Thus, in addition to adhesive or chemical bonding, a strong mechanical bond is established upon curing of the bonding material.

[0708] The anchoring of strips 303 and 306 within a single sheet can be achieved in various ways, and the anchoring strip is also within the scope of this invention.

[0709] The 303 and 307 can be integrated into the monolithic panel at any stage of the wall production process to avoid the process of forming apertures in the non-recessed panel.

[0710] Strips similar to and having the same function as strips 303 and 307 can be anchored to the inner surface of the plate in the site or during industrial processes to avoid the formation of holes 302 and 306.

[0711] Plates and studs with holes 302 having different constructions or locations on the outer surface of the plate are suitable and are also within the scope of the present invention.

[0712] Mosaic System

[0713] Figure 64-95B A parquet flooring system 310 with UUSL CS is shown. The UUSL CS includes an FTG-based coupling panel, which is modified for use in the parquet flooring system as described below. The parquet flooring system 310 is designed for rapid deployment on top of a large ground surface or other suitable horizontal surface, frame, or track, significantly reducing the time-consuming application of existing parquet flooring technologies.

[0714] As shown below and as Figure 64As shown, system 310 includes multiple volumes, each volume being a UUSL CS, wherein multiple coupling panels are connected via a removable upper RS ​​( Figure 72A-C Connection. After the roll is fully unrolled, the upper RS ​​sheet needs to be removed to create a regular interlocking floor with separate interlocking segments, allowing for the assembly and disassembly of individual interlocking segments during the covering operation and for maintenance considerations.

[0715] Figures 64-65 It shows when in Figure 64 The upper part of the base plane BS1 is unfolded and in Figure 65 When fully unfolded on the base plane BS1, four typical structures S1, S2, S3, and S4 of system 310 are shown. Each structure is typically 4 meters long and has a surface area of ​​6 to 7 square meters, comprising 30 mosaic panel segments. The typical dimensions of a template segment are 1.2 meters long and 0.2 meters wide.

[0716] Figure 66 The diagram schematically illustrates how typical structures S1-S4 are interconnected in exemplary system 310 to cover a large floor area. The first four typical segments S1 are sequentially applied along the length of the free edge of the floor to create a first band BI of the coverage layer. Then, four typical segments S2 are sequentially applied to create a second band B1 of the coverage layer, which is coplanarly and continuously interconnected with the band segment of band BI. Similarly, four typical segments S3 are interconnected to create band B2, which is coplanarly and continuously interconnected with the band B1. Additional frequency bands of typical structures S1 and S2 are similarly applied coplanarly, depending on the surface area, to complete the floor coverage. The final frequency band BF of the four typical segments S4 is sequentially applied coplanarly along the length of the relative free edges of the floor, while being continuously interconnected with the frequency band of the typical segments S3.

[0717] When the dimensions of the floor are not precisely matched, a combination of complete typical structures S1-S4 or other similar typical structures can be considered, and typical structures can be cut along the free edges of the surface or single bundle segments can be added to adapt to the actual dimensions of the base surface.

[0718] Figure 67A A typical single-strand PR structure is shown, without its laminated layers. As shown, the mosaic PR includes two FTG coupling panels SPI and SPII, which are of equal length and half the width of the mosaic PR. The small width of each coupling panel allows the typical structures S1-S4 to be rolled up and unrolled in a compact roll. Figure 67B The structure of the belt segment PR is shown, with the addition of its laminate layer PL, which interconnects the coupling panels SPI and SPII, and provides the single-beam appearance required for the belt segment PR, and allows the coupling panels SPI and SPII to undergo the following process: Figure 68The relative displacement is shown.

[0719] Figure 69 Various coupling panels SP1-12 of the unfolded portion of the typical structure S1 are shown, without interconnecting each pair of coupling panels SP in the splicing layer PL in the splicing segment, and without interconnecting the removable layer RS, which acts as a common sheet and is capable of rolling up and unfolding the typical structure S1. Figure 70 A typical structure S1 is shown when partially unfolded. Typical structure S1 has a laminate layer PL for each mosaic panel segment PR and no removable layer RS. Figure 71 The typical structure S1 section with a detachable upper layer RS ​​is shown unfolded.

[0720] Figures 72A-72D A side view of a typical structure S1 is shown, indicating five mosaic panel segments P1, P2, P4, P5, and P7, and... Figure 72A Angular displacement in Figure 72B The detachable common sheet RS remains connected after unfolding. Removal of the common sheet RS is as follows: Figure 72C As shown, and the thin segments of coplanar interconnection after removing the common thin sheet, as shown Figure 72D As shown.

[0721] like Figure 72B As shown, mosaic panel segment P1 includes two coupled panels SP1 and SP2 interconnected by a mosaic panel laminate PL1; mosaic panel segment P2 includes two coupled panels SP3 and SP4 interconnected by a mosaic panel laminate PL2; and mosaic panel segment P4 includes two coupled panels SP7 and SP8 interconnected by a mosaic panel laminate PL4. Splicing segment P5 includes two coupled panels SP9 and SP10 interconnected by a splicing layer PL5; and splicing segment P7 includes two coupled panels SP13 and SP14 interconnected by a splicing layer PL7. Figures 72A-72C As shown, the mosaic panel segments P1, P2, P4, P5 and P7 are interconnected by a detachable upper piece RS, so that each mosaic panel segment is angularly displaced relative to the adjacent mosaic panel segment.

[0722] Figure 73 The unfolded structure of a typical structure S1 is shown. The typical structure S1 includes 60 coupling panels SP1-SP60, and each pair of adjacent coupling panels is coupled with… Figures 72A-72C Similar to the coupled panels described herein, they are interconnected by laminated layers to form 30 mosaic panel segments P1-P30. To achieve the curling and unfolding of the typical structure S1, all its splicing segments P1-P30 are connected as shown in the diagram. Figure 71 The single-chip detachable upper RS ​​connection is shown.

[0723] Figure 74A schematic structure of the unfolded typical structure S2 is shown, which includes 58 coupled panels SP 61-SP 120 that can be interconnected to create 30 parameters P31-P30. Figure 75 A schematic structure of the typical unfolded structure S3 is shown, which includes 60 coupled panels SP 121-SP 180 that can be interconnected to create 30 parameters P60-P90. Figure 76 A schematic diagram of the unfolded typical structure S4 is shown, which includes 60 coupling panels SP 181-SP 240, which are interconnected to create 30 mosaic panel segments P91-P120. The structure of each mosaic panel segment and the interconnection of the mosaic panel segments in each typical structure S2-S4 are similar to those in typical structure S1.

[0724] The coupling panels SP1-SP240 are not the same; each one is as follows: Figure 77 One of the coupling panels BSP1-BSP10 shown. (e.g.) Figure 78 As shown, each coupling panel BSP1-BSP10 is constructed with a core B, which is an elongated rectangular portion and has one or more profile portions as shown in the figure, including a groove profile G, a tongue profile T, a semi-circular socket profile L, an upper pin profile U, and an arc socket profile LR, each of which, when in use, is continuous and integral with the length of the core B.

[0725] Profile G is a groove-only profile, identical to the groove of the coupling panel 40; profile T is a tongue-only profile, making its tenon tongue identical to the tenon tongue of the coupling panel 40. Figure 4 ).

[0726] like Figure 79A As shown, profile portion L is an elongated section having two elongated parallel walls L1 and L2, two relatively small rectangular walls L3 and L4 perpendicular to walls L1 and L2, and two upper elongated and coplanar surfaces L5 and L6 parallel to the lower elongated surface L7 and separated by a longitudinally curved recess L9 extending along the length of the profile portion. The height L8 of profile portion L is less than the height of core B. Rectangle L9 is defined by a truncated cavity wall extending between the elongated edges L5 and L6, including a short neck L10 and an arc L11, a portion of which has an angle greater than 180 degrees, preferably less than or equal to 320 degrees, to achieve a strong connection with the protrusion U8 of profile portion U, such as... Figure 79B As shown.

[0727] like Figure 79BAs shown, profile portion U is an elongated profile with an elongated upper surface U1, two elongated walls U2 and U3 perpendicular to the upper surface U1, two parallel small-area walls U4 and U5 perpendicular to the upper surface U1 and walls U2 and U3, and two elongated surfaces U4 and U6 separated by an elongated protrusion U8 extending along the length of the profile. The protrusion U8 has a short neck U9 and an arc U1o, which define a portion of a circle with the same radius as the arc L11 of the recess L9, while allowing a sufficiently small gap so that profile portions L and U can be securely connected when pressed together, allowing the protrusion U8 to insert into the recess L9. Figure 79C The profile portions U and L are shown when interconnected. In this configuration, the height H of the composite profile is equal to the height of core B.

[0728] It should be understood that the protrusion U8 and the recess L9 can be constructed differently, as long as the protrusion U8 and the recess L9 are complementary to resist disengagement when coupled together.

[0729] The symbol for each coupling panel indicates its structure, such as... Figure 80A As shown in -B and 81, the illustrations including one or more identifiers a, a1, a2, b, c, and d specify combinations of one or more profile portions G, T, L, U, and LR described above. Each profile portion, which may be located beneath the laminate, is specifically selected to interconnect with the profile portions of adjacent coupling panels in a desired manner. When viewed from above, the first identifier indicates the type of profile portion, which is positioned adjacent to and integrally with the front portion of the core (e.g., ...). Figure 80A As shown in the identifier a), the second identifier indicates the type of profile portion, which is adjacent to and integrally formed with the rear of core B (as shown in the identifier a). Figure 80A As shown in the mark b), the third mark indicates the type of profile section, which is adjacent to and integrally formed with the left side of the core (e.g., Figure 80A As shown by identifier c), the fourth identifier indicates the type of profile section adjacent to the right side of the core and integral with it (e.g., ...). Figure 80A (As indicated by d in the diagram). The "front" of the coupling panel is defined as the surface visible from the free end of the wound bundle structure, if the given coupling panel is located at the free end of the structure and the "back" is located at the opposite end of the structure. The presence of two distinct profile sections will be indicated by a pair of parentheses, where two corresponding identifiers for the profile sections are used instead of a single identifier, such as... Figure 80BAs shown. The left identifier in parentheses indicates the left profile portion, and the right identifier indicates the right profile portion that is adjacent to the core and integrally positioned. Identifier E indicates an end coupling portion that is not provided with a dedicated profile portion, for example, having a uniform rectangular cross-section from the end face to the entire core. The asterisk * listed to the right of another identifier indicates a section cut along a finite length of the coupling panel. The profile specification for each coupling panel is listed in its central area.

[0730] For example, such as Figure 77 As shown, the coupling panel BSP1 is designated as T(UG)UL, where the first identifier T indicates that it has a T-profile portion, which is adjacent to and integrally located at the front of the coupling panel (see [reference]). Figure 67B-2 And 67B-3), instead of the second identifier, the bracketed identifier (UG) indicates that there is a U-shaped construction portion located in the left half of the rear half, the G-shaped construction portion located in the right half of the rear half, and the third identifier U indicates that it has a U-shaped construction portion located in the left half of the core, even when the planar surface is seen (see 67B-3). Figure 67B-2 The fourth identifier L indicates that it has L profile sections, which are adjacent to and integrated with the right side of the core (see [reference]). Figure 67B-3 Furthermore, the coupling panel BSP2 is designated as T*GEL, where the first identifier T* indicates that it has a T-profile portion along a finite length of the coupling panel (see [link to documentation]). Figure 67B-4 The profiles are arranged continuously and integrally at the front of the core. The designation G indicates that there is a continuous and integral G profile at the rear of the core. The designation E indicates that there is no specially constructed profile at the left side of the core. The designation L indicates that there is a continuous and integral L profile at the right side of the core.

[0731] Figures 82-85 Cross-sectional portions of each SP-coupled panel, having typical structures S1, S2, S3, and S4, are shown. Depending on the construction of each SP-coupled panel, laminates interconnecting the pairs of SP-coupled panels form a mosaic segment. A temporary common sheet interconnecting all mosaic segments, each typical structure being a UUSL CS, is capable of being rolled up and unrolled, while simultaneously creating a rigid horizontal overlay for the floor.

[0732] The interconnection of two adjacent typical structures is based on one or more of four connection methods, referred to as l-connection, U-connection, r-connection, and L-connection, and combined with Figures 86A-89C A description is provided. To fully demonstrate the connection method, and without specifying the entire length of the elongated bundle segment, only a portion of the bundle segment is shown.

[0733] Figures 86A-86C This is a schematic diagram of a one-line connection. Figure 86ATwo separate mosaic plate segments, PA and PB, with U-shaped curve UA and L-shaped curve LB, are shown, provided along the length of adjacent short free edges. (See diagram) Figure 86B As shown, the l-connection interconnection method is achieved by positioning the edge angle of profile UA above the edge of profile LB, and then unfolding the block segment PA along the θ direction to insert the UA profile protrusion into the LB profile recess. Figure 86C The mosaic panel segments PA and PB are shown having a coplanar upper and lower surface after interconnection.

[0734] Figures 87A-87C The r-connection interconnection method is explained. Figure 87A The diagram shows two pairs of parquet panels, PA and PB, interconnected coplanarly before two interconnection pairs, and two pairs of interconnected parquet panels, PC and PD. Parquet panel PA has an L-shaped portion LA extending along its long free edge, and parquet panel PB has an L-shaped portion LB perpendicular to LA extending along half the length of its long free edge, which is not adjacent to parquet panel PA. Parquet panel PC has a U-shaped portion UC extending along its short free edge and a U-shaped portion UD perpendicular to UC extending along half the length of its long free edge. As shown in 87B, the edges of parquet panel PC of parquet panel UC are initially positioned obliquely relative to the edges of parquet panel PA of parquet panel LA, and then parquet panels PC and PD unfold in the θ direction so that the protrusions of parquet panel UC and UD are inserted into the recesses of parquet panel LA and LB, respectively. Figure 87C The structure shown includes mosaic panel segments PA, PB, PC and PD, wherein their upper and lower surfaces are coplanar after two mosaic panel segments are interconnected.

[0735] Figures 88A-88C An example illustrates the U-connection docking method. Figure 88A The diagram shows coplanar mosaic panel segments PA, PB, and PC interconnected according to a U-shaped arrangement of the illustrated mosaic panel segments before interconnection according to U-shaped and T-shaped arrangements, and mosaic flooring segments PD, PE, and PF interconnected according to a T-shaped arrangement of the illustrated mosaic panel segments. Mosaic panel segment PA has a G-profile GA disposed along half the length of its long free edge; mosaic panel segment PB has an L-profile LB disposed along its short free edge, adjacent to and perpendicular to profile GA; mosaic panel segment PC has an L-profile LC disposed along half the length of its long free edge, adjacent to and perpendicular to profile LB. The splicing segment PE has a T-profile TE disposed along half the length of one of its long free edges; a U-profile UB adjacent to and perpendicular to profile TE at its short free edge; a U-profile UE adjacent to and perpendicular to profile UB; and a U-profile UE disposed along half the length of its long free edge, which is parallel to profile TE.

[0736] like Figure 88B As shown, after interconnecting the mosaic panel segments PD and PA using the I-connection interconnection method, the edge of the mosaic panel segment PE equipped with profile TE is initially positioned at an angle relative to the length of the mosaic panel segment PA equipped with profile GA. Then, the splice segment PE is unfolded along the θ direction, resulting in the tenon of profile TE inserting into the groove of profile GA, and the protrusions of profiles UB and UE inserting into the grooves of profiles LB and LC, respectively. This achieves a strong interconnection between the splice segment PE and splice segments PA, PB, and PC. Figure 88C A structure comprising interconnected mosaic panel segments PA, PB, PC, PD and PE is shown, wherein their upper and lower surfaces are coplanar.

[0737] Figures 89A-89C An example illustrates the L-connection interconnection method. Figure 89A The diagram shows mosaic panel segments PA and PB interconnected coplanarly before two interconnection pairs, and mosaic panel segments PC and PD interconnected. Mosaic panel segment PA has a G-shaped profile portion GA positioned along half the length of one of its long free edges, and mosaic panel segment PB has an L-shaped profile portion LB positioned along the length of its short free edge, the short free edge being adjacent to and perpendicular to profile portion GA. Mosaic panel segment PD has a T-shaped portion TA positioned along half the length of one of its long free edges and a U-shaped portion UB positioned along the length of its short free edge, adjacent to and perpendicular to profile portion TA. Figure 89B As shown, after the mosaic panel segments PA and PC are interconnected via the l-connection, the edge of the mosaic panel segment PD, which provides the profile portion TA, is initially positioned at an angle relative to the edge of the mosaic panel segment PA, which provides the profile portion GA. Then, the mosaic panel segment PD unfolds in the θ direction. As a result, the tenon of the profile portion TA inserts into the groove of the profile portion GA, and the protrusion of the profile portion UB inserts into the groove of the profile portion LB. This achieves a strong interconnection between the mosaic panel segments PA, PB, PC, and PD. Figure 89C A structure is shown that includes interconnected mosaic panel segments PA, PB, PC and PD, with their upper and lower surfaces being coplanar.

[0738] For the U and L profile sections, the tenons TE and TA need to be cut off, preferably along an inclined line, so that the tenons TE and TA can pass through the coupling panel PA and freely enter its groove. The cut of the tenons is small, so the horizontal FTG connection remains very strong and reliable.

[0739] All connections can also be vertical FTG connections with U-shaped and L-shaped cross-sections, and such splicing segments are also within the scope of this invention.

[0740] Figure 90This illustrates the process of unfolding typical structure S2 on a base surface after typical structure S1 has been fully unfolded. During the unfolding of typical structure S2, its splicing segments and the splicing segments of typical structure S1 are as described above and as follows... Figure 91 The interconnection methods shown are I-connection (IC), r-connection (rc), U-connection (UC), and L-connection (LC). Therefore, as described below, in addition to the tongue-shaped and groove-shaped interconnections within each typical structure, the interconnection between two structures results in very strong interconnection of all spliced ​​segments. Interconnections with other typical structures S3, S4, or any other typical structures, and interconnections between them, are not described for simplicity, but are also within the scope of this invention and are based on the same principles.

[0741] Figure 92 The diagram schematically illustrates the interconnection of splice segments in a floor panel consisting of four typical structures, S1, S2, S3, and S4. Thick lines indicate coupling with panel 40 (…). Figure 4 The horizontal FTG connection formed by the lines indicates the vertical tongue and groove connection formed by a pair of L and U profile sections or a pair of LR and U profile sections as described above regarding the interconnection methods of I, R, U, and L connections. As shown, each coupled panel is held at its two long free edges by horizontal tongue and groove connections. Accordingly, when in contact with the floor located at its free edges, all coupled panels, and correspondingly all splice segments, are interconnected by a very strong connection, thus preventing even a single splice segment from detaching.

[0742] If correction is required during the interconnection of splicing segments or structures, it can be partially or completely removed by curling the correction adapter in a counterclockwise direction or the opposite direction of unfolding, unless a temporary common sheet RS( Figure 72C The temporary common sheet RS has been removed. If it has been removed, it needs to be reattached to allow for rewinding of the typical structure. When it is necessary to replace the single-panel veneer, it is recommended to rewind the typical structure to its position and replace it.

[0743] If sanitation, electrical, or any other maintenance work is required under the unfolded structural sections, one or more tile or other type of flooring sections must be removed. To facilitate quick and harmless roll formation, new temporary common sheets are adhered to the roll sections. Once the parquet sections are rolled back into their coiled form, the underlying floor surface is exposed, allowing for maintenance work. After maintenance is completed, the structural roll can be unfolded again.

[0744] The adhesive material used to attach temporary covers is designed with sufficient adhesive strength to hold each piece of adhesive during the curling and unfolding of a typical structure, but this adhesive strength is limited and can be dislodged with reasonable effort.

[0745] As described in detail above, such as Figures 67A-67B As shown, each mosaic panel segment PR includes at least two coupling panels SPI and SPII, which are interconnected via a laminate PL. If the laminate structure has low strength or insufficient elasticity, the coupling panels SPI and SPII can be interconnected via a continuous connector CJ, such as... Figure 93B As shown.

[0746] Figure 93A The coupled panels SPI and SPII are shown when they are interconnected by a laminate layer PL and separated by a relative angular displacement. When the laminate is very thin or lacks elasticity, wrinkles or even tears can occur along the length of axis E1 due to sudden changes in slope and strain generated within the laminate during the curling and unfolding of a typical structure. Figure 93B The use of a continuous joint CJ is shown, which almost completely avoids the transmission of forces to the laminate and, due to its continuous curvature, prevents folds from forming in the laminate, thereby maintaining the attractive appearance of the laminate PL.

[0747] To achieve a smoother (i.e., more continuous curvature), smaller radius, and improved density structure roll construction, each parquet segment can consist of three or more SP-coupled panels interconnected by an upper lamination, which serves as a universal plate applied to each parquet segment and, if necessary, by adding continuous joints (CJ), as described above. Once unfolded, the laminations will provide an illusion of single-bundle attractiveness. If the parquet segment width is sufficiently small (e.g., less than 10 cm), each parquet segment can consist of a single coupled panel.

[0748] Figures 94A-94C Side views of three typical structures are schematically shown, along with the arrangement of the SP coupling panels in a rolled-up construction when each mosaic panel segment PL includes two coupling panels SP, each SP being 10 cm wide. Each figure illustrates an exemplary density of the coupling panels when rolled up and an exemplary length L of the structure when unfolded relative to its diameter. Figures 95A-95B Side views of two typical structures are schematically shown, along with the arrangement of the SP coupling panels in a rolled-up construction when each mosaic panel segment PL includes three coupling panels SP, each with a width of 6.8 cm. Each figure illustrates an exemplary density of the coupling panels and an exemplary length L of the structure when the coupling panels are unfolded relative to their diameter.

[0749] As shown in the figure, the roll tends to be more rounded and easier to unroll. When a single feeding section includes more coupling panels, the ratio of the length of the unrolled structure to the roll diameter increases. To simplify the handling and unrolling of a typical structure by a single worker, the diameter of the typical structure roll needs to be reduced.

[0750] Although the above description relates to a regular cross-panel floor including coupling panel 40, typical structures can be designed with other types of coupling panels as described herein, and the overlay can be designed for other geometries and designs that are also within the scope of this invention. Such an arrangement can be used to perform a method for rapidly unfolding a floor covered by rolls.

[0751] Because each parquet panel PR includes one or more coupled panels SP, it can be designed with different decorative designs, geometries, and sizes. Materials such as PVC carpet are also suitable as permanent universal panels, directly interconnecting all the SP panels to form a large, monolithic floor cover. In the latter case, it is easier to roll up the entire structure when corrections are needed because the common sheet is not removed after the structure is unfolded. The advantages of using PVC carpet as the common sheet in system 310 include: the ability to completely flatten the carpet even if system 310 is a UUSL CS and the base surface is not completely flat; the ability to unfold PVC bundles on the frame rather than on a single surface, thus eliminating the need to glue the carpet to the floor; and facilitating easy and harmless maintenance operations, as described above. System 310 with sufficiently typical structures can be used to cover additional surfaces such as ceilings, interior and exterior walls, sidewalks, fences, etc.

[0752] During the curling and unfolding operations, the common sheet that holds all the pieces together can be located on the uppermost surface. If the common sheet is detachable, it can be separated from the thin segments by radiation energy, or by chemical methods or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0753] The typical structure of transported flooring can be delivered to the site on a pallet and then rolled up and unrolled on-site.

[0754] With structure 210 ( Figure 55 ) and 220 Figure 56 Similar but without stiffening elements, typical retaining structures can be provided to establish appropriate secure implementations of typical structures (e.g., S1-S4) to achieve weak adhesion of temporary common sheets RS.

[0755] UUSL CS can serve as a platform on which flooring or other flooring can be implemented.

[0756] When a banding segment is damaged, it can be replaced with a mosaic panel segment of the same external dimensions. The replacement mosaic panel segment can include two sub-mosaic panels similar to the mosaic panel segment PR. Figure 67A -B), where the sub-panel SPI-II can be interconnected via ITG type connections, thereby enabling vertical and horizontal FTG tongue and groove connections to interconnect with adjacent component segments.

[0757] The replaced mosaic panel segments can also be used in traditional mosaic panel segments.

[0758] Fully coplanar hinges for continuous surfaces

[0759] Figure 96A-108C A fully coplanar hinge 370 is shown for use on continuous and uninterrupted surfaces, particularly furniture surfaces. Using a fully coplanar hinge 370, where the outer surface of the hinge is coplanar with the adjacent surface and its axis of rotation coincides with or is slightly spaced from the outer surface, provides an aesthetically pleasing appearance of a continuous surface, yet the appearance can be folded as needed. The fully coplanar hinge 370 can be concealed beneath a layer covering the outer surface of the hinge and the adjacent surface to create a continuous surface that remains undamaged and aesthetically attractive when folded, or it can be concealed by painting.

[0760] Many implementations of the fully coplanar hinge 370 are envisioned. Some exemplary implementations include: closures that provide a single-door appearance for a cabinet comprising two or more independent panels covered by continuous laminations, closures capable of covering all internal cabinet space and capable of being opened to access desired internal cabinet space, doors or dining tables with invisible hinges, the extension of the dining table used to create a continuous surface when the table is unfolded, folded, or folded; and any other structures that require concealing or covering the hinges.

[0761] Figure 96A Two rectangular plates SS1 and SS2 are shown interconnected by two fully coplanar hinges 370. Each of the fully coplanar hinges 370 comprises two parts, each adapted to connect to the corresponding plate. Pivot lines 376 allow plates SS1 and SS2 to pivotally pass through the two fully coplanar hinges 370 and coincide with the upper surfaces of the fully coplanar hinges and the upper surfaces 371 and 373 of plates SS1 and SS2, respectively. Figure 96B Plate SS1 is shown with relative angular displacement to plate SS2, and the upper surface of each plate SS1 and SS2 is coplanar with the upper surfaces of the two hinged portions to which they are connected, in order to maintain the continuity of the upper surfaces 371 and 373 adjacent to the pivot axis 376. Figure 96C Interconnected plates SS1 and SS2 are shown, covered by a continuous laminate or common sheet layer 375. Plates SS1 and SS2 pass through and conceal a fully coplanar hinge 370, indicated by dashed lines, thus creating the illusion of a single monolithic plate while allowing the plates to undergo relative angular displacement along a pivot axis 376, also indicated by dashed lines. Figure 96D As shown, when the angular displacement of single boards SS1 and SS2 occurs, the laminate or common sheet remains undamaged and retains its attractive force.

[0762] Figures 97A-97CThe diagram shows two portions 380 and 390 of a fully coplanar hinge 370 before interconnection in Figure 97A. Figure 97B After interconnection, Figure 97C After undergoing relative angular displacement.

[0763] like Figure 97B As shown, the fully coplanar hinge 370 preferably has a circumference 379 that facilitates easy insertion into a large drilled recess, for example, with a diameter of 5-12 cm, such as 7 cm, made of wood, but other constructions are also within the scope of the invention. The square 377 within the circumference 379 represents the boundary between the pivoting elements P1 and P2 within the square. A portion 381 of the hinge section outside the squar...

Claims

1. A reconfigurable web having opposing webs, the opposing webs comprising a primary web, characterized in that: The web comprises: a directionally sensitive displacement facilitating device disposed within the thickness of the web material for facilitating curling or folding of at least one portion of the web material in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally rigid and flat surface; and a force transfer device adapted to arrange the web into a predetermined configuration by which the web is rollable or foldable in at least one direction when the web is flat and is rigid in at least one other direction to simulate a rigid single-piece panel, The web is characterized by: a. The main format is continuous or semi-continuous; b. said continuous or semi-continuous primary web is capable of being attached to a common sheet optionally configured with additional force transfer means or to a laminated layer, while said common sheet or said laminated layer remains intact and does not detach at any attachment point and for any configuration of said web, wherein said common sheet or said laminated layer, when used, provides the illusion of a rigid monolithic board; c. When the web is flat, the load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance in at least one direction are similar to those of a rigid single-piece plate; d. the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating device is configured to prevent the transmission of shear forces and axial forces when the web is not flat; e. the force transfer device is configured to prevent force transfer to the common sheet and the lamination layer when in use and when the web is flat; and f. Stress within the web is dispersed in more than one direction when the web is flattened and loaded during use.

2. The web material according to claim 1, characterized in that The web can be cut across the opposing webs while maintaining all features af.

3. The web material according to claim 1, characterized in that The web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented web, each configured with the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating means and the force transfer means, are suitably coupled to each other to facilitate foldable displacement in a first direction or a second direction.

4. The web material according to claim 1, characterized in that The web has a maximum longitudinal dimension and a maximum axial dimension, and includes a direction-sensitive angular displacement promoting device and an angular force transmitting device for promoting the angular displacement of the web in a first rotational direction around the axis of the roll defined by the web so as to maintain the roll form, and the angular displacement of the web in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction around the axis of the roll defined by the web, so as to form the unidirectional hard and flat surface with a desired longitudinal dimension less than or equal to the maximum longitudinal dimension when the roll form is maintained relative to a portion of the web.

5. The web material according to claim 3, characterized in that The web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented web, each configured with the direction-sensitive angular displacement facilitating device, are suitably coupled to each other to facilitate the angular displacement in the first rotational direction or the second rotational direction.

6. The web material according to claim 4, characterized in that a first of the two longitudinally interengaging parts being angularly displaceable relative to a second of the two longitudinally interengaging parts about a respective axis of rotation coinciding with or spaced apart from the main web, wherein each of the plurality of longitudinal interbonded portions is angularly displaceable in the first rotational direction about the axis of the roll relative to adjacent longitudinal interbonded portions when the web is flat and is prevented from angular displacement in the second rotational direction to simulate a rigid single-piece panel.

7. The web material according to claim 5, characterized in that The web is additionally configured with a plurality of axially inter-engaging portions disposed in at least one of the plurality of longitudinally inter-engaging portions and inter-engaging with another of the plurality of longitudinally inter-engaging portions, In which, the direction-sensitive angular displacement promotion device arranged between each two of the axially mutually coupled parts promotes the unidirectional angular displacement of the first of the two axially mutually coupled parts relative to the second of the two axially mutually coupled parts around a corresponding longitudinal rotation axis that coincides with or is spaced apart from the main frame.

8. The web material according to claim 5, characterized in that Also included is a common sheet applied to the segmented webs.

9. The web material according to claim 8, characterized in that When a first adjacent portion of the segmented web is angularly displaced with respect to a second adjacent portion of the segmented web, a strain formed within the common sheet and covering a local axis of rotation between the first portion and the second portion is in an elastic state.

10. The web material according to claim 4, characterized in that The web is non-segmented and flexible, and the direction-sensitive angular displacement facilitating means comprises an inextensible means disposed along a cross-section of the web, the inextensible means being effective in facilitating direction-sensitive angular displacement when the roll is unrolled in the second rotational direction, wherein the web is angularly displaceable in the first rotational direction about the axis of the roll when the web is flat and is prevented from angular displacement in the second rotational direction.

11. The web material according to claim 1, characterized in that The unidirectional hard and flat surface is in contact with the base surface.

12. The web according to claim 1, characterized in that The direction-sensitive displacement includes the force transfer device.

13. The web material according to claim 4, characterized in that The web comprises at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein a curling direction of the first portion is opposite to the curling direction of the second portion, and the main surfaces of the first portion and the second portion are located on the same side of the web.

14. A deployable linking material leveling system for covering flat and uneven surfaces, characterized in that include: i. means for applying the linking material to the exposed construction surface; ii. an elongated sheet, at least a portion of the elongated sheet being positioned in force-applying relationship with the construction surface; as well as iii. means for differentially applying force to said elongated sheet, said elongated sheet comprising a device according to claim 4. The web defines at least one of the rolls such that the linking material is applied when the force is applied After the elongated sheet is received, it becomes compressed, and the inner surface of the elongated sheet is compressed in the chain The joint material becomes evenly flat after curing.

15. The leveling system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The elongated sheet is configured with an uninterrupted inwardly facing surface, a plurality of vertically extending and outwardly facing cavities, an inter-cavity protrusion disposed between adjacent pairs of the cavities, and a plurality of vertically spaced and longitudinally extending recesses, wherein said means for differentially applying force to said elongated sheet is a curling structure of said sheet, by which differentially bent sheet portions are urged in a pressing relationship with said construction surface and can be horizontally flattened by a roll defined by a plurality of said webs, wherein each of the rolls defined by the web material is inserted into a corresponding one of the recesses and adhered to the inwardly facing surface to constitute a reinforcement strip of the sheet, wherein upon application of an unwinding force to the roll of the elongated sheet having a vertical axis and the attached reinforcement tape, a uniform volume of uncured linking material applied to the construction surface is forced to flow into each of the cavities in fluid communication with the uncured linking material to ensure that after the linking material cures, the interior-facing surface will be flat while being secured to the building wall.

16. The leveling system according to claim 15, characterized in that: Each of the inter-cavity protrusions is a rounded T-shaped inter-cavity protrusion.

17. The leveling system according to claim 15, characterized in that: Also included is a sheet retaining structure for maintaining a uniform volume of said uncured linking material flowing into each of said cavities while said elongated sheets therein are being deployed.

18. The leveling system according to claim 17, characterized in that: The first component of the retaining structure is configured to compress and flatten the elongated sheet relative to the linking material that has been applied to the building wall, and the second component of the retaining structure is configured to maintain the vertical stiffness of the retaining structure to ensure the flatness of the elongated sheet relative to the wall.

19. The leveling system according to claim 18, characterized in that: The retaining structure includes a plurality of rolls defined by the web material, the plurality of rolls defined by the web material being arranged in a coiled form such that an outer coil surrounds an inner coil adjacent to the outer coil to provide a gap between each pair of adjacent coils, wherein the elongated sheet is received within the gap before being applied to the building wall.

20. The leveling system according to claim 19, characterized in that: Each of the web-defined rolls includes a plurality of coupling panels each interlocked with an adjacent panel, and two of the coupling panels that are peripherally adjacent to each other are interconnected by a vertically oriented pivoting element extending through the height of the retaining structure.

21. A parquet board system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of rollable or foldable parquet panel sections, wherein each of the parquet panel sections comprises the web material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and is interconnectable with adjacent parquet panel sections after being unfolded or unfolded.

22. A system for applying paneling material to an existing construction surface, characterized in that include: a) a rollable or foldable panel material unit comprising a web according to any one of claims 1 to 13; b) a fixing member associated with said construction surface; and c) a plurality of spaced connection means are provided to one or both of said panelling material units and said fixing members, Wherein, each of the connecting devices is configured to connect a region of the paneling material unit with a corresponding region of the fixing member after the paneling material unit is unfolded or unfolded until the unfolded paneling material unit is flat.

23. A hinge for a continuous and uninterrupted surface, characterized in that The hinge is a web according to any one of claims 3, 5, 8, 9 and 12, wherein the hinge comprises two separate parts, one of the parts being pivotally displaceable relative to the other about an axis of rotation, and each of the parts comprising the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating means and the force transmitting means, Each of the two components can be connected to a corresponding planar plate so that when the hinge is set to a non-pivoting position and the rotation axis of the hinge coincides with or is spaced apart from the main surface of the two components, a completely coplanar surface including the two components and the two plates is generated.

24. A coupling panel connection system, characterized in that: The web material comprising any one of claims 3, 5, 8, 9, 12 and 13, wherein each of the plurality of said interbonded portions of the segmented web material is a coupling panel interbonded with an adjacent coupling panel, such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable relative to the adjacent coupling panel, and each pair of the plurality of coupling panels are lockably bonded together when flat and prevented from displacement in the second direction to form a unidirectional hard and flat composite surface.

25. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 24, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of mutually engaging portions is a longitudinal mutually engaging portion, and the longitudinal mutually engaging portions are mutually engaged in a manner such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is angularly displaceable relative to an adjacent coupling panel around the corresponding rotation axis, and the corresponding rotation axis coincides with or is spaced apart from a common edge adjoining two adjacent coupling panels.

26. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 25, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of coupling panels is configured with a first planar surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface.

27. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 26, characterized in that: The coupling panel connection system is a tongue and groove connection system, wherein each or most of the plurality of coupling panels are constructed with a tongue and an opposing groove.

28. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 27, characterized in that: further comprising the common sheet attached to the first surface of each of the plurality of coupling panels, wherein each of the plurality of coupling panels coincides with or is spaced apart from a visible surface of the common sheet about its corresponding angularly displaceable rotation axis, and each pair of the plurality of coupling panels can be lockably combined together after the tongue of a first coupling panel is fully inserted into the groove of a second coupling panel.

29. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 25, characterized in that: The plurality of coupling panels are storable in a rolled or folded form, and are unidirectionally unfoldable or foldable.

30. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 27, characterized in that Each of the plurality of coupling panels is additionally configured with a plurality of pairs of orthogonal surfaces arranged such that each of the pairs of orthogonal surfaces of the first coupling panel is positionable in abutting relation with a corresponding pair of orthogonal surfaces of the second coupling panel, the corresponding pair of orthogonal surfaces of the second coupling panel being complementary to the pair of orthogonal surfaces of the first coupling panel to assist in lockingly joining the first and second coupling panels together.

31. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 30, characterized in that: In the flat configuration, rotation of the first coupling panel in the second rotational direction is limited by the abutting relationship of the complementary pair of orthogonal surfaces of the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel and is not limited in the first rotational direction.

32. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 30, characterized in that: In the non-flat configuration, the tongue of the first coupling panel undergoes an interference-free rotation within the groove of the second coupling panel when the first coupling panel is angularly displaced with respect to the second coupling panel.

33. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 32, characterized in that: The groove is formed between the first surface and the second surface to define a first wall coincident with the first surface and a second wall coincident with the second surface, and the groove is bounded by a planar third surface coincident with the first wall and parallel to the first surface, a planar fourth surface coincident with the second wall and parallel to the second surface, and a fifth surface extending between the first wall and the second wall.

34. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 33, characterized in that: The tongue is configured with coplanar sixth and seventh surfaces, and when the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel are lockingly joined together, the sixth surface of the first coupling panel can fully abut the third surface of the second coupling panel, and the seventh surface of the first coupling panel can fully abut the fourth surface of the second coupling panel.

35. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 34, characterized in that: The interference-free rotation is facilitated when the length of the sixth surface of the first coupling panel is less than the length of the third surface of the second coupling panel.

36. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 35, characterized in that An intersection point between the third surface and the fifth surface of the second coupling panel is spaced apart from the corresponding rotation axis by a distance equal to or greater than a length from the corresponding rotation axis to the seventh surface of the first coupling panel.

37. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 36, characterized in that: The interference-free rotation is also facilitated when a distance between any point on an eighth surface of the first coupling panel extending between the sixth surface and the seventh surface or between a ninth surface and the seventh surface and the corresponding rotation axis is less than the length from the corresponding rotation axis to the seventh surface of the first coupling panel, the ninth surface being a surface perpendicular to the sixth surface and being a truncation of an intersection of the sixth surface and the eighth surface.

38. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 27, characterized in that: The tongue and the groove are both arc-shaped, and the tongue of the first coupling panel is displaceable along an arc-shaped path within the groove of the second coupling panel.

39. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 38, characterized in that Each of the plurality of coupling panels is additionally configured with a stopper element engageable with a coupling panel region at an end of the arcuate groove, wherein when the tongue abuts the stopper element, rotation of the first coupling panel in the second rotational direction is restricted and in the first rotational direction is unrestricted.

40. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 38, characterized in that Also comprising two semicircular end plates and an intermediate semicircular plate, the two semicircular end plates being respectively attached to opposite walls of a first cavity formed in a first coupling panel, the intermediate semicircular plate being interposed between the end plates and attached to a wall of a second cavity formed in a second coupling panel adjacent to the first coupling panel, wherein each of the end plates is constructed with a corresponding inwardly protruding semicircular protrusion, and each face of the intermediate plate is formed with a semicircular recess, within which the corresponding protrusion is receivable and rotatable, Therein, after undergoing a rotation about the rotation axis, the intermediate plate forces the second coupling panel to pivot relative to the first coupling panel.

41. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 24, characterized in that: Also included is a continuous joint comprising an elastic elongated strip interconnected to corresponding walls of a first coupling panel and a second coupling panel of the plurality of coupling panels, wherein a face of the strip forms a continuous curvature when the first coupling panel and the second coupling panel undergo relative angular displacement.

42. The coupling panel connection system according to claim 24, characterized in that: The first coupling panel and the second coupling panel have a completely solid rectangular cross-section.

43. A device comprising the reconfigurable web of claim 1, characterized in that: The device is selected from the group consisting of: i. Bidirectional rigid and displaceable surface; ii. Extendable tables or shelves that can be stored in the wall; iii. A partition that can be folded; iv. Doors that can be folded; v. A one-way sliding door slidable to the lateral end of the retaining structure; vi. A storage structure having shelves that can be folded to redefine the interior storage space; vii. Wire racks that can be folded; viii. Fully coplanar hinges capable of being folded up to 180 degrees; ix. One-way hard and flat surface for fence covering; x. One-way hard and flat surface for roof covering; xi. Televisions or screens that can be rolled up or folded; xii. The surface can be rolled or folded to rebuild and disassemble the surface without discrete components and can be transported in a transport vehicle when uneven; xiii. Protective clothing; as well as xiv. A chair, table or bed capable of being rolled up and comprising the web and legs which are storable in the core of the web when rolled up.

44. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that The web is provided with a laminate layer which is either permanently applied or releasable.

45. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that The bi-directionally rigid and displaceable surface is prestressed.

46. ​​The device according to claim 43, characterized in that The one-way hard and flat surface is applied to a fence rail or metal fence.

47. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that The one-way hard and flat surface is applied to a fence made of concrete slabs.

48. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that When not unfolded, the one-way hard and flat surface for roof covering is maintained in a roll form.

49. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that When not deployed, the one-way hard and flat surface for roof covering is folded or stacked.

50. The device according to claim 43, characterized in that The one-way hard and flat surface for roof covering includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells.

51. A reconfigurable web having opposing webs, the opposing webs comprising a primary web, characterized in that: The web comprises: a directionally sensitive displacement facilitating device disposed within the thickness of the web material for facilitating curling or folding of at least one portion of the web material in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally flat surface; and a force transfer device adapted to arrange the web into a predetermined configuration by which the web is rollable or foldable in at least one direction when the web is flat and unidirectionally rigid in at least one other direction, The web is characterized by: a. a load-bearing capacity in at least one direction, the load-bearing capacity being sufficient to promote flatness of the web; and b. Stress within the force transfer device is dispersed in at least one direction when the web is flattened and loaded during use.

52. The web according to claim 51, characterized in that The web is non-segmented and flexible, and includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer and the second layer are attached together to constitute the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating device, the first layer is longitudinally deformable under tension and substantially non-deformable under compression, and the second layer is longitudinally deformable under compression and substantially non-deformable under tension, so that the non-segmented web can bend only in a first rotational direction when subjected to a first amplitude force, but cannot bend in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction unless the non-segmented web is subjected to a second amplitude force greater than the first amplitude force when the non-segmented web is flat.

53. The web of claim 51, wherein: The web is segmented, and adjacent portions of the segmented web are suitably bonded to one another to facilitate rollable or foldable displacement in a first direction or a second direction.

54. The web of claim 51, wherein: The direction-sensitive displacement promoting device includes one or more devices selected from a continuous joint, an inner axis, a folded tongue and groove coupled panel connected to the continuous joint or the inner axis, a reverse folded tongue and groove coupled panel, a reverse folded tongue and groove coupled panel connected to the continuous joint or the inner axis, a polygonal center axis coupled panel and a composite coupled panel.

55. The web of claim 51 , wherein: The web can be cut across the opposing webs while maintaining all features a and b.

56. The web of claim 51 , wherein: The direction-sensitive displacement facilitating device includes the force transfer device.

57. A deployable linking material leveling system for covering flat and uneven surfaces, characterized in that include: i. a device for applying the linking material to the construction surface; ii. an elongated sheet, at least a portion of the elongated sheet being positioned in force-applying relationship with the construction surface; as well as iii. means for differentially applying force to said elongated sheet, said elongated sheet comprising a device according to claim 1. 51 The web material defines at least one roll such that the linking material is applied to the force applied to The elongated sheet then becomes compressed, and the inner surface of the elongated sheet is compressed to the link The material becomes uniformly flat after curing.

58. A parquet board system, characterized in that: A plurality of rollable and / or foldable panel sections are included, wherein each of the panel sections comprises the web material according to claim 51 and is interconnectable with adjacent panel sections after being unfolded.

59. A system for applying paneling material to an existing construction surface, characterized in that include: a) a rollable or foldable panel material unit comprising a web according to any one of claims 51 to 56; b) a fixing member associated with said construction surface; and c) A plurality of spaced connection devices are provided for one or both of the paneling material unit and the fixing member, wherein each of the connection devices is constructed so as to connect an area of ​​the paneling material unit with a corresponding area of ​​the fixing member after the paneling material unit is unfolded or unfolded until the unfolded or unfolded paneling material unit is flat.

60. A hinge for a continuous and uninterrupted surface, characterized in that The hinge is a web according to any one of claims 51 to 56, wherein the hinge comprises two separate parts, one of the parts being pivotally displaceable relative to the other about an axis of rotation, and each of the parts comprising the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating means and the force transmitting means, Each of the two components can be connected to a corresponding planar plate so that when the hinge is set to a non-pivoting position and the rotation axis of the hinge coincides with or is spaced apart from the main surface of the two components, a completely coplanar surface including the two components and the two plates is generated.

61. A coupling panel connection system, characterized in that: The web of claim 51, wherein the web is segmented, wherein each of the plurality of interbonded portions of the segmented web is a coupling panel that is interbonded with an adjacent coupling panel such that each of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable relative to the adjacent coupling panel in the first direction and the second direction, wherein each pair of the plurality of coupling panels is displaceable in the first direction and lockingly bonded to resist displacement in the second direction when the coupling panel connection system is flat.

62. A device comprising the reconfigurable web of claim 51, wherein: The device is selected from the group consisting of: i. Bidirectional rigid and displaceable surface; ii. Extendable tables or shelves that can be stored in the wall; iii. A partition that can be folded; iv. Doors that can be folded; v. A one-way sliding door slidable to the lateral end of the retaining structure; vi. A storage structure having shelves that can be folded to redefine the interior storage space; vii. Wire racks that can be folded; viii. Fully coplanar hinges capable of being folded up to 180 degrees; ix. One-way hard and flat surface for fence covering; x. One-way hard and flat surface for roof covering; xi. Televisions or screens that can be rolled up or folded; xii. The surface can be rolled or folded to rebuild and disassemble the surface without discrete components and can be transported in a transport vehicle when uneven; xiii. Protective clothing; as well as xiv. A chair, table or bed capable of being rolled up and comprising the web and legs which are storable in the core of the web when rolled up.

63. A method for covering a solid uneven surface, characterized in that: The solid uneven surface is covered by reconstructing a web until it is flattened and applied to the solid uneven surface, or by flattening a material applied to the solid uneven surface using a structure that can be rolled or folded.

64. The method according to claim 63, characterized in that Also included is covering the solid planar surface by reconfiguring the web until the web is flattened and applied to the solid planar surface, or by flattening the material applied to the solid planar surface using the structure.

65. The method according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that The reconfigured web is a weakened web, the weakened web comprising a direction-sensitive displacement facilitating device disposed within the thickness of the weakened web for facilitating curling or folding of at least one portion of the weakened web in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally flat surface; and a force transfer device adapted to place the weakened web into a predetermined configuration by which the weakened web is rollable or foldable in at least one direction when the weakened web is flat and unidirectionally rigid in at least one other direction, wherein the weakened web is characterized by: a. a load-bearing capacity in at least one direction, the load-bearing capacity being sufficient to promote flattening of the weakened web; and b. Stress within the force transfer device is dispersed in at least one direction when the weakened web is flattened and loaded during use.

66. The method according to claim 63 or 64, characterized in that The reconfigured web is a reinforced web, the reinforced web comprising a direction-sensitive displacement facilitating device disposed within the thickness of the reinforced web for facilitating curling or folding of at least one portion of the reinforced web in at least one direction to form a unidirectionally rigid and flat surface; and a force transfer device adapted to arrange the web into a predetermined configuration by which the web is rollable or foldable in at least one direction when the web is flat and rigid in at least one other direction to simulate a rigid single-piece panel, The reinforcing web is characterized by: a. The main format is continuous or semi-continuous; b. said continuous primary web is attachable to a common sheet optionally configured with additional force transfer means or to a laminated layer, while said common sheet or said laminated layer remains intact and does not detach at any attachment point and for any configuration of said web, wherein said common sheet or said laminated layer, when used, provides the illusion of a rigid monolithic board; c. When the web is flat, the load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance in at least one direction are similar to those of a rigid single-piece plate; d. when the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating means is not constituted by the common sheet, the direction-sensitive displacement facilitating means is configured to prevent shear forces and axial forces from being transmitted to the common sheet and the laminate layer when used in any configuration of the web; e. the force transfer device is configured to prevent force transfer to the common sheet and the lamination layer when in use and when the web is flat; and f. Stress within the web is dispersed in more than one direction when the web is flattened and loaded during use.

67. The method according to any one of claims 63 to 66, characterized in that Also included is the step of inserting the web into the structure, the structure being a retaining structure composed of an additional web, the additional web being the strengthening web or the weakening web.

68. The method according to claim 64, characterized in that The material applied to the solid planar base or the solid non-planar base comprises an elongated sheet, and the structure applies a force to the sheet when one or more external supports are anchored to the solid planar base or the solid non-planar base.

69. The method according to claim 68, characterized in that An additional material is applied to the sheet which creates an adhesive or chemical bond with the linking material applied to the base surface.

70. The method of claim 64, wherein: The following steps are also included: a) applying a linking material to the solid flat base surface or the solid non-flat base surface; b) positioning at least a portion of the elongated sheet in a force applying relationship with said solid planar base surface or said solid non-planar base surface; c) differentially applying a force to said elongated sheets by at least one of said webs such that said applied linking material becomes compressed after said force is applied to said elongated sheets; as well as d) after the compressed linking material solidifies, a uniform and flat inner surface of the elongated sheet is produced.

71. The method of claim 64, wherein: By unfolding a plurality of the webs to cover the solid flat base surface or the solid non-flat base surface, each of the plurality of the webs can be rolled or folded and is a separate parquet segment, so that a first one of the parquet segments becomes interconnected with a second one of the parquet segments after being unfolded.

72. The method of claim 64, wherein: The solid flat base surface or the solid non-flat base surface is a vertical wall configured with a plurality of spaced connecting means, or a column connected to the vertical wall is configured with a plurality of spaced connecting means, and wherein the web material can be rolled or folded and is a panel material unit having adjacent areas designed to be connected to one or more of the connecting means, the method further comprising the steps of: The roll of web material is unrolled so that one or more of the connecting devices will connect to corresponding areas of a portion of the unrolled web material and the portion of the unrolled web material will be urged to be flattened.

73. The method according to claim 64, characterized in that The following steps are also included: a) applying a linking material to the solid flat base surface or the solid non-flat base surface; b) using the structure to level the linking material applied to the solid flat surface or the solid non-flat surface; as well as c) After the applied linking material has cured, mounting a thin sheet onto the flattened and cured linking material.

74. The method of claim 64, wherein: The material described is the linked material.

75. The method of claim 64, wherein: The solid flat base surface or the solid uneven base surface is a roof surface, and the base roof surface is covered by unrolling a roll of the web material, which is strong enough to withstand the footsteps applied to the web material, wherein the roofing material for the base roof surface is composed of elements of the web material or layers of the web material, and the layers of the web material are multi-layer webs.

76. The method according to claim 75, characterized in that The roofing material includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells.

77. A monolithic construction element integrable with a linking material applied to a substrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises an uninterrupted inwardly facing surface and an outwardly facing component inseparable from the inwardly facing surface, wherein the outwardly facing component is provided with a reinforcing device, the reinforcing device being anchorable or connectable to the applied linking material, and wherein the weight of the construction member is less than the bonding strength of the applied linking material with respect to the base surface or the construction member both before and after the linking material is cured.

78. The construction element according to claim 77, characterized in that: The outwardly facing component includes a plurality of spacer frame elements each of which is anchorable with the applied linking material.

79. The construction element according to claim 78, characterized in that The inwardly facing surface may be a flexible sheet.

80. The construction element according to claim 77, characterized in that: The inwardly facing surface is made of a material having a brittle component that can disintegrate into a particle state when pierced to create a local opening, and having overall elasticity.

81. The construction element according to claim 77, characterized in that: The anchorable reinforcement device includes a plurality of outwardly facing protrusions protruding from the inwardly facing surface and extending in a common direction, wherein a cavity is defined between each pair of the protrusions, and a uniform volume of uncured linking material can be accommodated in the cavity to ensure that the inwardly facing surface will be flattened and anchored after the linking material is cured.

82. The construction element according to claim 77, characterized in that: The reinforcing means which may be attached are mechanical means or chemical means.

83. A method for reconstructing a surface, characterized in that include: a) providing a continuous and uninterrupted major surface, which is the surface of a unidirectional rigid and continuous or semi-continuous segmented web; b) configuring the major surface to have a first length such that all segments of the major surface are rigid, continuous or semi-continuous and coplanar and have a center of rotation that is coincident with or separate from the major surface; and c) reconfiguring the main surface by angularly displacing at least one of the segments in the longitudinal direction until i. the non-angularly displaced coplanar segments of the major surfaces define a second length that is shorter than the first length and are rigid and coplanar, or ii. The coplanar segments of the major surfaces define a third length that is longer than the first length and are rigid and coplanar.

84. The method according to claim 83, characterized in that A single laminate or common sheet is applied to the major surface to simulate the appearance of a monolithic panel.

85. The method according to claim 84, characterized in that Also included is the step of reconfiguring the major surface by angularly displacing at least one of the segments in a transverse direction until the major surface has a second width that is greater than or less than the first width.

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