A method for applying a herbicide to a saline-alkali soil summer corn by drip application

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil. The method includes the following steps: determining the weed age and weed type; counting the number of unfolded leaves N from the base of the leaves upwards; determining the soil pH value of the work site and calculating the saline-alkali soil correction factor Ka; determining the work area S and the number of unfolded leaves N to obtain the herbicide dosage A, and diluting it; and determining the main pump flow rate parameter P. wp The diluted herbicide is injected at a rate V1. The diluted herbicide is then injected into the main pump at this rate until the diluted herbicide solution is completely injected. Water is then added to keep the main pump running, completing the drip irrigation operation. The application method provided by this invention allows for normal weeding operations from the corn jointing stage to the fourteen-leaf stage, significantly extending the coverage period. Furthermore, no additional plant protection costs are required, saving costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a method for applying herbicides to corn in saline-alkali soil by drip application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods of herbicide application in summer maize planting areas of my country are drone spraying and plant protection drone spraying. Spraying is generally done after seedling emergence, during the three-leaf to five-leaf stage. The herbicide is dissolved in the water tank on the drone and sprayed according to the specified concentration. Drone spraying is flexible, able to cover even the edges of the field, and is generally carried out at night. Plant protection drones, such as boom sprayers, cover a larger area in a single application. Before operation, the herbicide tank must be thoroughly dissolved, and the boom height and travel speed must be adjusted according to the maize plant height.

[0003] While drone spraying offers high flexibility, it suffers from limitations such as smaller coverage area per application, longer operation time, lower water volume, and more cumbersome operation procedures (requiring repeated charging of the onboard battery and takeoff and landing). Plant protection vehicles offer higher weed control speed and larger coverage area per application, but their operation must be performed before the corn reaches the V5 stage (five-leaf stage). If weeding occurs after the mid-jointing stage, plant protection vehicle operation can lead to root crushing and mechanical damage to corn stalks, failing to achieve both weed control and low plant damage rates. Furthermore, in saline-alkali soils, water absorption is constrained by base ions, resulting in poor water mobility, rendering conventional herbicides ineffective. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for applying herbicides to corn in saline-alkali land by drip application.

[0005] Firstly, a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil, employing the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil includes the following steps:

[0007] Step (1): Corn seedling condition survey: Count from the base of the corn leaves upwards, count the number of unfolded leaves, and record it as N;

[0008] Step (2): Prepare pesticide: Calculate the required amount of herbicide based on the area of ​​the soil at the work site, the number of corn leaves unfolded, and the pH of the soil at the work site, and dilute the herbicide accordingly.

[0009] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) pH∈[7.5,8.8]

[0010] Ka is a soil correction factor for saline-alkali land. The pH value included in the calculation process of formula a is dimensionless. After Ka is calculated, it is assigned the unit kg / mu.

[0011] Formula b:

[0012] A represents the amount of herbicide used, in kg.

[0013] S represents the area of ​​the soil being worked on, in mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0014] Step (3): Drip irrigation operation: Determine the main pump flow rate parameter P for drip irrigation. wp The injection rate V1 of the diluted herbicide is obtained using formula c. The diluted herbicide is then injected into the main pump at a rate of V1 for drip irrigation.

[0015] Formula c:

[0016] V1 is the rate at which the herbicide is injected into the main pump, in units of kg / min;

[0017] P wp These are the main pump flow parameters for drip irrigation, in m³ / s. 3 / h.

[0018] Where 77.8 is the conversion constant of the reagent response pump flow rate, in m³ / s. 3 ·min / (kg·h) represents the relationship between the pesticide injection rate and the main pump flow rate. In pesticide application practice, using minutes as the unit of measurement best reflects most real-world situations. Therefore, for ease of use, the units min and h are not simplified, allowing direct output of numerical values ​​in minutes (V). I This facilitates field use. The specific derivation process is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Ka is the soil correction factor for saline-alkali land. In the calculation process of formula a, pH is dimensionless. After Ka is calculated, it is assigned the unit kg / mu. In formula b, the two numbers 0.03425 and 0.0685 are meaningful and have corresponding units (kg). The specific derivation is not performed here.

[0021] The method of the present invention enables weeding operations to be carried out normally from the jointing stage to the fourteen-leaf stage (V14) of maize, significantly extending the time range of weeding operations and avoiding competitive pressure from weeds during this period, thus promoting the growth and development of maize.

[0022] Currently, there are no drip application methods or devices for herbicides. The method of this invention utilizes existing drip irrigation systems to apply herbicides without the need for additional machinery or manual operation, thus saving on plant protection costs and reducing agricultural production costs.

[0023] By rationally calculating the dosage of herbicides and precisely controlling the application process, waste of herbicides can be avoided. At the same time, the use of drip irrigation systems can also save water, thereby achieving cost savings.

[0024] The method of this invention takes into account the special characteristics of saline-alkali soil. By calculating the soil pH value and adjusting the herbicide dosage accordingly, the effectiveness and safety of herbicides under saline-alkali soil conditions can be ensured.

[0025] Preferably, the weeds are 2-6 leaves in age or less than 30 cm in height; the weeds are annual broadleaf weeds. To achieve better weed control, herbicides are applied by drip irrigation when the above weed conditions are met.

[0026] Specifying the age of the weeds as 2-6 leaves or a height of less than 30 cm helps ensure that the herbicide targets key weeds that are in a rapid growth and competitive phase, thereby improving weed control effectiveness.

[0027] The weed type is annual broadleaf weeds, which helps to select herbicides in a targeted manner and improve the control effect on specific weeds.

[0028] Controlling weeds in their early growth stages can prevent them from severely impacting corn growth and also help reduce the problem of weeds becoming more difficult to control later on.

[0029] Clearly defining the growth stage and type of weeds helps to calculate herbicide dosage more accurately, reduce unnecessary waste, and improve the economic and environmental benefits of application.

[0030] Preferably, the weed density is 10-20%.

[0031] Medium-density weed communities pose relatively less competitive pressure on corn growth, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of corn and also effectively controls weed growth. Determining the weed density helps ensure that herbicides are applied to medium-density weed communities, thus avoiding over- or under-application and improving weed control effectiveness.

[0032] Limiting weed density helps to dynamically manage weed growth, allowing for adjustments to herbicide use based on actual growth conditions, thereby achieving optimal weed control.

[0033] Preferably, the corn height is 0.3-1.2m.

[0034] Specifying the corn height as 0.3-1.2m helps ensure that the corn is in a suitable growth stage when herbicides are applied, thus avoiding adverse effects on corn growth.

[0035] Applying herbicides at the appropriate growth stage of corn can reduce the potential damage of herbicides to corn and improve the safety of application.

[0036] Weeding when the corn is 0.3-1.2m tall helps balance the competition between weeds and corn, promoting healthy corn growth.

[0037] Specific limits on corn height help determine the optimal time for application, thereby achieving the best weed control results.

[0038] Preferably, the herbicide is diluted with water at a mass ratio of 1:20-30.

[0039] Specifying a water-to-herbicide ratio of 1:20-30 for dilution helps ensure the herbicide reaches an appropriate concentration during application, thereby improving weed control.

[0040] Using a fixed dilution ratio helps to accurately calculate the amount of herbicide to be used, avoiding over- or under-application and improving the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of application.

[0041] Appropriate dilution ratios can reduce the potential environmental impact of herbicides, while minimizing damage to non-target plants and improving application safety.

[0042] A fixed dilution ratio simplifies the application process, reduces operational steps, and helps improve the efficiency and accuracy of application.

[0043] Preferably, in step (3), a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, benign ionic surfactants, and ionic composite surfactants.

[0044] Adding surfactants helps improve the uniformity and stability of herbicide dilutions, ensuring that the herbicide has suitable physical and chemical properties when applied.

[0045] Surfactants can enhance the penetration and distribution of herbicides in the soil, increase the contact area between herbicides and weeds, and thus improve the weed control effect.

[0046] Suitable surfactants can reduce the potential environmental impact of herbicides, while minimizing damage to non-target plants and improving application safety.

[0047] By adding surfactants, the application process can be optimized, the amount of herbicide used can be reduced, and the economic and environmental benefits of application can be improved.

[0048] Preferably, the surfactant includes polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbates, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphine salts, long-chain alkyl trimethylammonium salts, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxides.

[0049] A wide variety of surfactants are clearly listed, including nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and ionic complex surfactants, providing more options to suit different soil conditions and weed types.

[0050] Different types of surfactants can have different effects on the performance of herbicides. Providing a variety of options helps to find the surfactant that is best suited for a specific situation, thereby further improving the weed control effect.

[0051] The variety of surfactants available makes application methods more flexible, allowing for adjustments to the type and proportion of surfactants to suit different environmental conditions and weed species.

[0052] By selecting the most suitable surfactant, the potential environmental impact of herbicides can be reduced, while minimizing damage to non-target plants and improving application safety.

[0053] Preferably, the herbicide includes one or more of metolachlor, atrazine, propargite, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl.

[0054] A wide range of herbicides are clearly listed, including metolachlor, atrazine, propargite, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl, providing more options to suit different weed types and soil conditions.

[0055] Preferably, atrazine also includes nitrofurazone, benzoxazine, cyanazine, nitrosulfonamide, and sulfonamide.

[0056] Different types of herbicides have different control effects on different weeds. Providing a variety of options helps to find the most suitable herbicide for specific weeds and soil conditions, thereby improving weed control effectiveness.

[0057] The variety of herbicides available makes application methods more flexible, allowing for adjustments to the type and proportion of herbicides based on actual conditions to adapt to different environmental conditions and weed species.

[0058] By selecting the most suitable herbicide, the potential environmental impact of herbicides can be reduced, while minimizing damage to non-target plants and improving application safety.

[0059] Rotating different types of herbicides can help delay the development of resistance in weeds to a single herbicide, thus maintaining weed control effectiveness in the long term.

[0060] Preferably, after the herbicide drip irrigation is completed, water injection is performed, and the water injection time is 20-120 minutes.

[0061] Preferably, the pH of the saline-alkali land is 7.0-9.0.

[0062] Specifying the soil pH value as 7.0-9.0 helps ensure that the application method is suitable for the soil conditions of saline-alkali land, which typically has a high pH value.

[0063] By taking soil pH into account, the type and dosage of herbicides can be adjusted to suit the special properties of saline-alkali soils, thereby improving weed control effectiveness.

[0064] Applying appropriate herbicides in saline-alkali soil conditions can help reduce potential damage to the soil environment and protect the soil ecological balance.

[0065] By taking soil pH into account, excessive or inappropriate use of herbicides can be avoided, reducing resource waste and improving the economic and environmental benefits of application.

[0066] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0067] The present invention provides a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil. Weeding can be carried out normally during the corn jointing stage to the fourteen-leaf stage, which greatly extends the coverage time of weeding operations. One application per planting season is sufficient to achieve good weeding results. In addition, no additional plant protection operation fees are required, thus saving costs. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The following detailed description, in conjunction with embodiments, further illustrates the application method of a drip-applied herbicide for corn in saline-alkali land according to the present invention. For the sake of simplicity, this document cannot exhaustively list all alternative technical features and embodiments included in the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that any technical feature and embodiment within this embodiment does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection includes all alternative technical features and embodiments adopted by those skilled in the art without inventive effort. Specifically, any embodiment obtained by replacing any technical feature in the present invention or by combining any two or more technical features provided by the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, the techniques and conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions shall be followed. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments used are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for applying herbicides to corn in saline-alkali land via drip irrigation, including the following steps:

[0071] Step (1), corn seedling condition survey: count from the base of the leaves upwards to determine the number of unfolded leaves N;

[0072] Step (2), prepare pesticide: determine the soil pH value of the operation site, and use formula a to obtain the soil correction factor Ka for saline-alkali land; determine the operation area S and the number of leaf unfolded N, and use formula b to obtain the herbicide dosage A, and dilute it;

[0073] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) pH∈[7.5,8.8]

[0074] Formula b:

[0075] Step (3), drip irrigation operation: Determine the main pump flow parameter P wp The injection rate V1 of the diluted herbicide is obtained using formula c. The diluted herbicide is then injected into the main pump at a rate of V1 until the herbicide dilution is completely injected.

[0076] Formula c:

[0077] Among them, P wp Main pump flow parameters m 3 / h is a performance parameter of the drip irrigation main pump.

[0078] In some embodiments, the grass has 2-6 leaves or a height of <30cm; the weed type is an annual broadleaf weed.

[0079] In some embodiments, the weed density is 10-20%.

[0080] In some embodiments, the corn height is 0.3-1.2m.

[0081] In some embodiments, the herbicide is diluted with water at a mass ratio of 1:20-30. Preferably, the dilution ratio of the herbicide to water is selected from 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, 1:25, 1:26, 1:27, 1:28, 1:29 or 1:30.

[0082] In some embodiments, a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, benign ionic surfactants, and ionic complex surfactants.

[0083] In some embodiments, the surfactant includes polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbates, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphine salts, long-chain alkyl trimethylammonium salts, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxides.

[0084] In some embodiments, in step (3), the herbicide includes one or more of metolachlor, atrazine, propargite, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron.

[0085] In some embodiments, the pH of the saline-alkali land is 7.0-9.0.

[0086] Example 1: Drip Irrigation Weed Control Experiment

[0087] Experimental location: Huanghuagou Farm, Fuhai County, Altay Prefecture. Average pH of the experimental soil was 8.3 (five-point sampling method).

[0088] Weed types to be controlled: annual broadleaf grasses.

[0089] Experimental area: 26.63 mu.

[0090] Herbicide name: Nitrosine atrazine. Pesticide registration certificate number: PD20141767.

[0091] The execution time is from 15:00 to 22:00 on the same day.

[0092] Experimental content: When the corn leaves reach V8 (8-leaf stage), herbicide drip irrigation is carried out, and the grass is in the 2-6 leaf stage.

[0093] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) pH = 8.3;

[0094] Herbicide dosage A = S × Ka - 0.0685,

[0095] The herbicide dosage A calculated using the above formula is 5 kg (accurate to the nearest integer).

[0096] Drip irrigation operation: Herbicide is applied via drip irrigation for 6 hours. The pump power is 37KW, model: YE2-225S-4. The parameters of this main pump include: main pump flow rate parameter P. wp 223m 3 / h, head: 23 meters, rated speed: 1480 r / min.

[0097] Dissolve 5 kg of herbicide in 120 kg of water and stir well. According to formula V... I =P wp / 77.8, inject the diluted herbicide into the drip irrigation system, and flush with water for 1 hour after the herbicide injection is complete.

[0098] Weed mortality rate: Before drip application of herbicides, the weeds in the drip-irrigated plots are marked with signs, with N being 40 weeds. After drip irrigation, the number of dead weeds is counted. Weed mortality rate = number of dead weeds after application / N.

[0099] SPAD value: Using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, 40 corn leaves (the second leaf from the top) were randomly sampled in the drip-irrigated plot, and the average value was calculated.

[0100] The average weed mortality rate in the experimental area was 95%, and the summer maize leaves showed no herbicide damage, with all leaves having a SPAD value above 52. Therefore, drip application of herbicides on saline-alkali land can effectively control weeds and maintain normal maize growth.

[0101] Example 2: Effect of different dilution ratios of herbicides on weed control in saline-alkali cornfields

[0102] Experimental objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of herbicides on weed control in saline-alkali cornfields, in order to determine the optimal herbicide concentration.

[0103] Experimental materials:

[0104] A cornfield in saline-alkali soil (pH 8.1), covering an area of ​​approximately 1 acre.

[0105] Select herbicide: Nitrosine atrazine, pesticide registration certificate number: PD20141767.

[0106] Test method:

[0107] a. Divide the cornfield into 6 plots, each with an area of ​​0.2 mu.

[0108] b. Set six different herbicide dilution ratios: 4x, 8x, 12x, 16x, 20x, and 24x. The drip irrigation main pump model is YE2-200L1-4, and the main pump flow parameter is P. wp 200m 3 / h.

[0109] c. When the number of unfolded leaves N of the corn is 7, under the same conditions, herbicides with different dilution ratios are applied to each plot through a drip irrigation system, and other drip application methods are the same.

[0110] d. After application, observe and record the weed control effect of each plot, including weed mortality rate, growth inhibition rate and corn growth status.

[0111] e. Repeat each cell 3 times and take the average value.

[0112] The weed control effect of each plot was statistically analyzed, and the weed control effect at different dilution ratios was compared. Analysis of variance and multiple comparison methods were used to determine the significant differences between different concentrations.

[0113] Table 1 Comparison of the effects of herbicides at different dilution ratios

[0114] Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Community 4 Community 5 Community 6 Weed mortality rate 74.2％a 28.3％b 13.3％c 2.5％d 0％e 0％e Within-group variance 0.02％ 0.02％ 0.02％ 0.06％ 0％ 0％

[0115] By comparing the weed control effects at different dilution ratios, the optimal dilution ratio for the herbicide was determined to be 24 times, providing a basis for practical application.

[0116] Example 3: Effect of herbicide injection flow rate on the uniformity of herbicide distribution in saline-alkali cornfields

[0117] Experimental objective: To investigate the effect of different drip irrigation flow rates on the uniformity of herbicide distribution in saline-alkali cornfields, in order to determine the optimal drip irrigation flow rate.

[0118] Experimental materials:

[0119] A cornfield in saline-alkali soil (pH value 8.5), with an area of ​​about 1 acre.

[0120] Select herbicide: Nitrosine atrazine, pesticide registration certificate number: PD20141767.

[0121] Test method:

[0122] a. Divide the cornfield into 4 plots, each with an area of ​​0.25 mu.

[0123] b. Set four different herbicide injection flow rates, namely 0.5 kg / min, 1 kg / min, 2 kg / min, and calculate the value V1 = 2.87 kg / min using formula c.

[0124] c. When the number of unfolded leaves N of the corn is 6, under the same conditions, herbicides are applied to each plot through drip irrigation systems with different flow rates. Drip irrigation main pump model: YE2-225M-4, main pump flow rate parameter P. wp 200m 3 / h.

[0125] d. After application, collect soil samples, analyze the herbicide content at different depths and locations, and assess the uniformity of distribution.

[0126] e. Repeat each cell 3 times and take the average value.

[0127] Data processing and analysis:

[0128] Statistical analysis was performed on the uniformity of herbicide distribution in each plot, comparing the uniformity under different flow rates. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to determine significant differences between different flow rates.

[0129] Table 2 Comparison of weed control effects of different herbicide injection rates

[0130] Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Community 4 Weed mortality rate 0.0％a 10％b 55.8％c 95.8％d Within-group variance 0％ 0.06％ 0.27％ 0.08％

[0131] Results: By comparing the uniformity of herbicide distribution under different drip irrigation flow rates, the flow rate obtained by calculating the drip irrigation flow rate using formula c is the optimal one, relative to a fixed drip irrigation flow rate, providing a basis for practical applications.

[0132] For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations, but obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying a herbicide to corn grown in saline-alkali soil by drip application, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step (1): Survey of corn seedling condition: Count from the base of the corn leaves upwards and count the number of unfolded leaves, denoted as N; Step (2): Pesticide preparation: Calculate the required amount of herbicide based on the area of ​​the soil at the work site, the number of corn leaves unfolded, and the pH of the soil at the work site, and dilute the herbicide accordingly. Formula a: ; Ka is the soil correcting factor for saline-alkali land; pH is the pH of the soil at the work site. Formula b: A represents the amount of herbicide used, in kg. S represents the area of ​​the soil being worked on, in mu (approximately 0.16 acres). Step (3): Drip irrigation operation: Determine the main pump flow rate parameter P of the drip irrigation system. wp The injection rate V1 of the diluted herbicide is obtained using formula c. The diluted herbicide is then injected into the main pump at a rate of V1 for drip irrigation. Formula c: ;in, V1 is the rate at which the herbicide is injected into the main pump, in units of kg / min; P wp These are the main pump flow parameters for drip irrigation, in m³ / s. 3 / h; 77.8 is the conversion constant, in meters (m). 3 ·min / (kg·h).

2. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the work area, the weeds are 2-6 leaves in age or less than 30 cm in height, and / or the weed type is an annual broadleaf weed.

3. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of weeds is 10-20%.

4. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of corn is 0.3-1.2m.

5. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the herbicide is diluted with water at a mass ratio of 1:20-30.

6. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, benign ionic surfactants, and ionic composite surfactants.

7. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that, The surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbates, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphine salts, long-chain alkyl trimethylammonium salts, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxides.

8. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the herbicide includes one or more of the following: metolachlor, atrazine, propargite, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron.

9. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH of the saline-alkali land is 7.5-8.

8.

10. The method for applying a herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the herbicide drip irrigation is completed, water injection should be carried out for 20-120 minutes.

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