Method for increasing polysaccharide content of polygonatum sibiricum

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing the polysaccharide content of polygonatum sibiricum, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: in April to June of the first year, the second year and the third year after polygonatum sibiricum planting, applying a selenium fertilizer to polygonatum sibiricum leaves for 1-2 times in a foliage spraying manner; selenium fertilizer is applied to polygonatum sibiricum planting soil in a root application mode 1-2 times in September to October of the third year of polygonatum sibiricum planting, and the polygonatum sibiricum can be harvested after fruits are mature and stalks lodging in the current year. The invention not only provides a new human body selenium supplement way, but also improves the quality of the rhizoma polygonati, and is beneficial to enhancing the efficacy of the rhizoma polygonati.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for increasing the content of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide by utilizing selenium fertilizer, and specifically relates to a method for increasing the content of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide by utilizing selenium fertilizer formed by compounding sodium selenite, D-galacturonic acid, galactose and glucose. Background Art

[0002] Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is a perennial herb of the genus Polygonatum in the family Liliaceae. Its rhizomes are used as medicine and it is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is both edible and medicinal. At the same time, Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is also considered to be an emerging high-quality grain with great potential and does not occupy farmland. Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, which have pharmacological effects such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and lowering blood sugar and blood lipids. Appropriate amounts of selenium (Se) can promote photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, which is beneficial to plant growth and the accumulation of polysaccharides, the main active ingredients of medicinal plants, such as Astragalus, Codonopsis, Dendrobium and Panax notoginseng. Therefore, artificial intervention to increase the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes through Se is beneficial to improve its medicinal value.

[0003] At the same time, Se, as an essential trace nutrient for the human body, has the functions of improving immunity, preventing cardiovascular diseases and anti-cancer. 72% of the population in my country is deficient in Se, and the edible parts of plants are the main dietary source to meet human Se needs. Therefore, exogenous Se application is not only beneficial to increase the content of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides and enhance its medicinal value, but also provides a new way for human body to supplement Se. However, the prior art does not disclose a method for increasing the content of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides by Se. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for increasing the polysaccharide content of polygonatum by using selenium fertilizer. Se can not only increase the polysaccharide content of medicinal plants, but also combine with polysaccharides to form selenium polysaccharides, which generally have higher biological activity than Se and polysaccharides, and have the characteristics of low toxicity and high bioavailability. Therefore, exogenous Se can increase the polysaccharide content and promote the formation of selenium polysaccharides, which is beneficial to improving the medicinal value of polygonatum, and can also provide a theoretical basis for the development of related functional foods and drugs.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for increasing the polysaccharide content of polygonatum sibiricum, the method comprising: applying selenium fertilizer to polygonatum sibiricum leaves 1-2 times by foliar spraying in April-June of each year in the first, second and third years after polygonatum sibiricum planting; applying selenium fertilizer to the polygonatum planting soil 1-2 times by root application in September-October of the third year of polygonatum sibiricum planting, and harvesting the fruits after they mature and the stems fall over in the same year.

[0007] Considering the dependence of selenium's biological beneficial effects on dosage, we chose to apply selenium exogenously by foliar spraying in April-June when the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema grow. This not only effectively controls the amount of selenium intake by Polygonatum cyrtonema, but also makes full use of the technical advantages of selenium in promoting photosynthesis of Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves, promoting plant growth, and providing a carbon source for the synthesis of Polygonatum cyrtonema. At the same time, in the last year of Polygonatum cyrtonema harvest and near the harvest period, selenium supplementation through root application effectively increases the selenium content of rhizomes and provides conditions for the synthesis of selenium polysaccharides, which is conducive to improving the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0008] Further, the intercropping method steps are as follows:

[0009] (1) Site selection: Select open areas under forests or forest edges of fir, pine, bamboo, etc. at an altitude of 250m-1000m, with a canopy density between 0.5-0.6 and a slope of less than 25°.

[0010] (2) Land preparation: Spread 1000-1500kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 20-25kg / mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer. Then, plow the land 20-30cm deep in horizontal strips according to the contour lines, and harrow the land to mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly.

[0011] (3) Planting: The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum are planted in winter from October to November, and the rhizome seedlings and seedlings are planted after germination in early spring, with a plant spacing of 30-40 cm.

[0012] (4) Preparation of selenium fertilizer: a solution formed by mixing sodium selenite, galactose, D-galacturonic acid and glucose in a certain proportion.

[0013] Acidic conditions are conducive to improving the bioavailability of Se. For example, the pH of D-galacturonic acid solution is usually 5.0-6.0. The combination of the two will help promote the absorption of Se by Polygonatum sibiricum. At the same time, D-galacturonic acid is rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which is easy to combine with Se, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of Se valence. In addition, D-galacturonic acid, galactose and glucose are all precursors of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide. The addition of the above substances will provide more raw materials for the synthesis of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide, which is conducive to the biosynthesis of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide.

[0014] (5) Application of selenium fertilizer: In April to June of each year in the first, second and third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema 1-2 times by foliar spraying; in October to December of the third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the soil where Polygonatum cyrtonema is planted 1-2 times by root application.

[0015] (6) Harvesting: In the third year of planting, wait until the fruits are ripe and harvested, and after the stems fall over, dig up the underground rhizomes.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil in the zone should be red soil or yellow soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5, and the soil texture should be loam, clay loam or light sandy loam.

[0017] Furthermore, the selenium fertilizer is compounded by sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid to form a solution with a Se concentration of 10-200 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 10-200 mg / L. After stabilization for 2-8 hours, galactose is added at a mass concentration of 0.1-1%. After stabilization for 1-2 hours, glucose is added at a mass concentration of 0.5-8% and stabilized for 1-2 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, the root application method is: lightly scrape 2-5 cm of the topsoil, and evenly spray the selenium fertilizer solution within 5-15 cm around the rhizome; the amount of selenium fertilizer applied to the roots is 0.2-0.8 L / plant of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0019] Furthermore, the foliar spraying method is: spraying the selenium fertilizer solution evenly on the front and back of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema; the amount of selenium fertilizer sprayed on the leaves is 0.4-1.0L / plant of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) By scientifically and rationally determining the preparation method of selenium fertilizer, a stable Se complex is formed under acidic conditions, the bioavailability of Se is improved, and the efficiency of Se fertilizer application is improved.

[0022] (2) By scientifically and rationally determining the concentration, dosage and application period of selenium fertilizer, the Se content in the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum is increased, thereby providing a new way for human selenium supplementation.

[0023] (3) By scientifically and rationally determining the concentration, dosage and application period of selenium fertilizer, not only can more precursors be provided for the synthesis of polysaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema, but Se can also be used to promote the accumulation of rhizomes of polysaccharides, thereby increasing the polysaccharide content in the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema, which is beneficial to enhancing its efficacy.

[0024] (4) Since Polygonatum sibiricum is rich in polysaccharides, it provides favorable conditions for the formation of Se polysaccharides in the rhizomes, thus promoting the improvement of the quality of Polygonatum sibiricum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1. Experimental Methods

[0028] (1) Site selection: An open area under a bamboo forest at an altitude of 250 m was selected, with a canopy density of 0.6 and a slope of 10°. The soil pH was 5.5 and the soil texture was loam.

[0029] (2) Land preparation: Spread 1000kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg / mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer. Then, plow the soil 20cm deep in horizontal strips according to the contour lines, harrow carefully, and mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly.

[0030] (3) Planting: The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum are planted in October with a spacing of 30 cm between rows and plants.

[0031] (4) Selenium fertilizer preparation: Selenium fertilizer solutions were prepared according to the following formulas and tested.

[0032] Selenium fertilizer solution 1: Sodium selenite solution with a Se concentration of 200 mg / L.

[0033] Selenium fertilizer solution 2: Sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid are compounded to form a solution with a Se concentration of 200 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 200 mg / L, which is stable for 8 hours.

[0034] Selenium fertilizer solution 3: Sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid are compounded to form a solution with a Se concentration of 200 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 200 mg / L. After stabilization for 8 hours, galactose is added at a mass concentration of 1%. After stabilization for 2 hours, glucose is added at a mass concentration of 8% and stabilized for 2 hours.

[0035] Control solution: Use clean water as a control.

[0036] (5) Application of selenium fertilizer: In May of the first, second and third year of planting, spray 0.2L of the above four solutions evenly on the front and back of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema once by foliar spraying; in October of the third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the roots, lightly scrape 5 cm of the topsoil, and evenly spray 0.4L of the above solutions once within a range of 10 cm around the rhizome.

[0037] (6) Harvesting: In the third year of planting, wait until the fruits are ripe and harvested, and after the stems fall over, dig up the underground rhizomes.

[0038] 2. Experimental results

[0039] The effects of applying the above four solutions to Polygonatum sibiricum were compared. The polysaccharide content was determined by the H2SO4-anthrone method; after digestion with HNO3-HCIO4, the selenium content of the rhizomes was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AA-7000, Shimadzu, Japan). The test results of Polygonatum sibiricum yield, polysaccharide content in rhizomes, and selenium content (see Table 1):

[0040] Table 1 Comparison of Polygonatum sibiricum yield, rhizome polysaccharides and Se content after application of different selenium fertilizer solutions

[0041] Solution type Polygonatum sibiricum yield (kg / mu) Polysaccharide content (%) Selenium content (mg / kg) Selenium fertilizer solution 1 1833 10.77 0.1073 Selenium fertilizer solution 2 1951 11.65 0.1139 Selenium fertilizer solution 3 2290 16.95 0.1978 Control solution 1652 9.83 0.0878

[0042] By scientifically and rationally determining the configuration, concentration and dosage of selenium fertilizer, after root application and foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer, the yield of Polygonatum sibiricum increased by 10.96-38.62%, the content of rhizome polysaccharides increased by 9.56-72.43%, and the selenium content increased by 0.22-1.25 times.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide has the following specific steps:

[0045] (1) Site selection: An open area under a fir forest at an altitude of 1000 m was selected, with a canopy density of 0.5 and a slope of 15°. The soil pH was 6.1 and the soil texture was clay loam.

[0046] (2) Land preparation: Spread 1200kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 25kg / mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer. Then, plow the soil 30cm deep in horizontal strips according to the contour lines, harrow carefully, and mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly.

[0047] (3) Planting: The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum are planted in November with a spacing of 40 cm between rows and plants.

[0048] (4) Preparation of selenium fertilizer: Sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid are compounded to form a solution with a Se concentration of 10 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 10 mg / L. After stabilization for 2 hours, galactose is added at a mass concentration of 0.1%. After stabilization for 1 hour, glucose is added at a mass concentration of 0.5% and stabilized for 1 hour.

[0049] (5) Application of selenium fertilizer: In June of the first, second and third year of planting, spray 0.8L of selenium fertilizer solution evenly on the front and back of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema once by foliar spraying; in November of the third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the roots by lightly scraping 2cm of the topsoil and spraying 1.0L of selenium fertilizer solution evenly twice within a 15cm range around the rhizome.

[0050] (6) Harvesting: In the third year of planting, wait until the fruits are ripe and harvested, and after the stems fall over, dig up the underground rhizomes.

[0051] The yield of polygonatum sibiricum can reach 2082kg / mu by adopting the method, the content of rhizome polysaccharide is 12.88%, and the content of selenium is 0.1652mg / kg.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] 1. Experimental Methods

[0054] (1) Site selection: An open area under a pine forest at an altitude of 800 m was selected, with a canopy density of 0.55 and a slope of 10°. The soil pH was 6.0 and the soil texture was loam.

[0055] (2) Land preparation: Spread 1200kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 22kg / mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer. Then, plow the soil 25cm deep in horizontal strips according to the contour lines, harrow carefully, and mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly.

[0056] (3) Planting: The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum are planted in October with a spacing of 35 cm between rows and plants.

[0057] (4) Preparation of selenium fertilizer: Sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid are compounded to form a solution with a Se concentration of 50 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 50 mg / L. After stabilization for 2 hours, galactose is added at a mass concentration of 0.4%. After stabilization for 1 hour, glucose is added at a mass concentration of 2% and stabilized for 1 hour.

[0058] (5) Application of selenium fertilizer: Apply selenium fertilizer according to the following methods.

[0059] Application of selenium fertilizer 1: In April of the first, second and third year of planting, use foliar spraying to evenly spray 0.4L of selenium fertilizer solution on the front and back of the Polygonatum leaves once.

[0060] Application of selenium fertilizer 2: In April of the first and second years of planting, use foliar spraying to evenly spray 0.4L of selenium fertilizer solution on the front and back of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema once; in December of the third year of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, use root application, lightly scrape 4cm of the topsoil, and evenly spray 0.8L of selenium fertilizer solution twice within 5cm around the rhizome.

[0061] Application of selenium fertilizer 3: In April of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of planting, use foliar spraying to evenly spray 0.8L of selenium fertilizer solution on the front and back of the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema once; in December of the 3rd year of planting Polygonatum cyrtonema, use root application, lightly scrape 4cm of the topsoil, and evenly spray 0.8L of selenium fertilizer solution twice within 5cm around the rhizome.

[0062] No selenium fertilizer was applied: root application of clean water was used as a control.

[0063] (6) Harvesting: In the third year of planting, wait until the fruits are ripe and harvested, and after the stems fall over, dig up the underground rhizomes.

[0064] 2. Experimental results

[0065] The effects of the above four application methods on the cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum were compared. The test results of Polygonatum sibiricum yield, polysaccharide content in rhizomes, and selenium content (see Table 2):

[0066] Table 2 Comparison of Polygonatum sibiricum yield, rhizome polysaccharides and Se content after application of different selenium fertilizer solutions

[0067] Solution type Polygonatum sibiricum yield (kg / mu) Polysaccharide content (%) Selenium content (mg / kg) Selenium fertilizer application1 1814 13.56 0.1296 Selenium fertilizer application2 2048 14.40 0.1452 Selenium fertilizer application3 2327 16.61 0.1731 No selenium fertilizer 1652 9.83 0.0878

[0068] By scientifically and rationally determining the application method of selenium fertilizer, after root application and foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer, the yield of Polygonatum sibiricum increased by 9.81-40.86%, the content of rhizome polysaccharides increased by 37.95-68.97%, and the selenium content increased by 47.61-97.15%.

[0069] In summary, through years of multi-point field experiments, reasonable selenium application significantly increased the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum rhizomes, and also significantly increased the selenium content in the rhizomes. It not only provided a new way for human selenium supplementation, but also improved the quality of Polygonatum, which is beneficial to enhance its medicinal efficacy.

[0070] It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described in this article, the patent protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent process changes made using the contents of the present invention specification, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields are all included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide, characterized in that: The method described is to apply selenium fertilizer to the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema 1-2 times by foliar spraying in April-June of each year in the first, second and third years of Polygonatum cyrtonema planting; and to apply selenium fertilizer to the soil of Polygonatum cyrtonema 1-2 times by root application in September-October of the third year of Polygonatum cyrtonema planting. The fruit can be harvested after it matures and the stems fall over in the same year.

2. The method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Site selection: Select open areas under forests or forest edges at an altitude of 250m-1000m, with a canopy density between 0.5-0.6 and a slope of <25°; Land preparation: spread 1000-1500kg / mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 20-25kg / mu of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer, then deep plow 20-30cm in horizontal strips according to the contour lines, harrow carefully, and mix the fertilizer and soil thoroughly; Planting: The rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum are planted in October-November in winter, and the rhizome seedlings and seedlings are planted after germination in early spring, with a spacing of 30-40cm between rows and plants; Selenium fertilizer preparation: Sodium selenite, galactose, D-galacturonic acid and glucose are compounded into a solution; Application of selenium fertilizer: In April-June of each year in the first, second and third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the leaves of Polygonatum cyrtonema 1-2 times by foliar spraying; in October-December of the third year of planting, apply selenium fertilizer to the soil where Polygonatum cyrtonema is planted 1-2 times by root application; Harvesting: In the third year of planting, wait until the fruits are ripe and harvested, and after the stems fall over, dig up the underground rhizomes.

3. The method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil in the said zone should be red soil or yellow soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5, and the soil texture should be loam, clay loam or light sandy loam.

4. The method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The selenium fertilizer is compounded with sodium selenite and D-galacturonic acid to form a solution with a selenium concentration of 10-200 mg / L and a D-galacturonic acid concentration of 10-200 mg / L. After stabilization for 2-8 hours, galactose is added according to a mass concentration of 0.1-1%. After stabilization for 1-2 hours, glucose is added according to a mass concentration of 0.5-8% and stabilized for 1-2 hours.

5. The method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The root fertilizer application method is: lightly scrape the topsoil 2-5cm, and evenly spray the selenium fertilizer solution within 5-15cm around the rhizome, and the amount of selenium fertilizer is 0.2-0.8L / plant of Polygonatum cyrtonema.

6. A method for increasing the content of polygonatum polysaccharide according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The foliar spraying method is as follows: the selenium fertilizer solution is evenly sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum, and the amount of the selenium fertilizer is 0.4-1.0L / plant of the polygonatum sibiricum.