Microbial fertilizer capable of reducing amount and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer as well as preparation method and application of microbial fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and discloses a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount and enhancing the efficiency of a chemical fertilizer, which comprises 5-8 parts of an organic material, 10-15 parts of a compound microbial agent and 6-8 parts of a carbon-soil mixture. The bacillus laterosporus, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens are adopted to promote seed germination, meanwhile, the growth of beneficial bacteria at the roots of plants can be promoted, the effect of inhibiting reproduction of pathogenic bacteria can be achieved, soil nutrients can be activated, the crop yield can be increased, and after the bacillus mucilaginosus reproduces in soil, the yield of crops can be increased. The plant growth stimulant and various enzymes can be secreted to enhance the resistance of crops to some diseases, the materials are turned and stirred regularly in the preparation process of the microbial fertilizer, so that the materials are ventilated, internal microorganisms can be in contact with oxygen, fermentation can be better performed, and the yield of the microbial fertilizer is improved. And the effect of the fermented microbial fertilizer can be more outstanding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and specifically relates to a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and increasing their efficiency, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Microbial fertilizer, also known as biological fertilizer, inoculant or bacterial fertilizer, refers to a type of fertilizer product that takes the life activities of microorganisms as the core to enable crops to obtain specific fertilizer effects. Microbial fertilizers can be divided into five categories according to the type of microorganisms: bacterial fertilizers, actinomycete fertilizers, fungal fertilizers, algae fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers. Microbial fertilizers can decompose phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil, increase soil fertility, promote the formation of soil organic matter, thereby improving soil structure, increasing soil fertility and improving soil.

[0003] Traditional chemical fertilizers contain only one or several nutrients. Frequent use will lead to the destruction of soil physical properties, including soil structure and porosity, causing soil compaction, resulting in poor soil fertility, hindering crop growth, affecting crop rhizosphere microbial communities, and making diseases and insect pests more likely to occur. In addition, long-term use of chemical fertilizers will cause the soil to become acidic, which will inhibit the development of plant roots, leading to insufficient crop absorption and malnutrition, thereby significantly reducing crop yields. Microbial fertilizers can produce plant hormones, stimulate and regulate crop growth, enable plants to thrive, improve nutritional status and increase soil organic matter content, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and reduce soil compaction. Therefore, microbial fertilizers can be improved to achieve the effect of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and increasing their efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency, and a preparation method and application thereof, which has the advantage of promoting crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a microbial fertilizer for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and increasing their efficiency, comprising 5-8 parts of organic materials, 10-15 parts of composite microbial agents, and 6-8 parts of carbon-soil mixture.

[0006] Preferably, the organic material can be organic matter such as poultry manure, straw, edible fungus residue, bagasse, sugar residue, distiller's grains, and agricultural by-products such as soybean cake powder, bran, and rice bran. These raw materials are rich in carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds, and contain a variety of vitamins and inorganic elements. They have a loose texture, are conducive to ventilation, and are excellent substrates for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

[0007] Preferably, the composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the mass ratio of Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus is (3-5):(1-2):(1-2):(3-5).

[0008] Preferably, the carbon content of the carbon-soil mixture is 60%-80%, and the particle size of the carbon-soil mixture is 50-100 meshes.

[0009] Preferably, the pH value of the charcoal-soil mixture is 6-8.5, and the pH value does not need to be adjusted during the fermentation process.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Organic material treatment

[0012] First, large-volume organic materials such as straw and rice straw need to be crushed by a pulverizer to adjust the particle size of the materials to avoid large-volume organic materials. Crushing the materials can increase the surface area of ​​the materials, which is convenient for microbial reproduction, thereby increasing the fermentation speed.

[0013] Step 2: Bacterial treatment

[0014] The composite microbial agent is evenly sprinkled on the carbon-soil mixture, and then the carbon-soil mixture and the composite microbial agent are stirred and mixed to obtain a carbon-bacteria mixture;

[0015] Step 3: Mixing

[0016] The carbon bacteria mixture is uniformly mixed with the treated organic materials. During the mixing process, an appropriate amount of water can be added according to the moisture content of the materials to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed materials is maintained between 55% and 60%. The mixed materials are stacked into multiple parallel strip piles. The cross-sectional shape of the strip pile is usually triangular or trapezoidal, with a height controlled within 1-1.5m and a width controlled within 3-5m.

[0017] Step 4: Compost

[0018] After the mixed materials are stacked, they need to be stirred every 4-7 days so that the outside air can contact the internal materials, thereby providing oxygen to the microorganisms, accelerating the fermentation process of microorganisms, and adjusting the temperature inside the materials to avoid excessive temperature inside the materials. At the same time, the internal wet materials can contact with the air, thereby drying the materials to ensure that the fermentation is promoted from many aspects. When stirring, ensure that the stirring is uniform so that all parts of the materials are evenly fermented. During the stirring process, the color and smell changes of the materials need to be carefully observed to judge the progress of fermentation. Stop stirring the materials after 1 month and wait for the natural fermentation and decomposition of the materials.

[0019] Step 5: Maturation

[0020] Use the drying method to spread the fermented materials on an open field, dry them by natural air drying, and then crush and sieve them to remove impurities and organic matter that is difficult to decompose in the microbial fertilizer to obtain qualified microbial fertilizer;

[0021] Step 6: Shape and bag

[0022] The fermented and matured microbial fertilizer is processed into blocks or granules to shape the microbial fertilizer, and then it is bagged and packaged by a baler. After the packaging is completed, the packaging needs to be checked to ensure that the packed microbial fertilizer is tightly packed and not damaged.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the organic material in step 1 needs to be maintained between 15-60 mm. If the particles are too large, the surface area of ​​the organic material will be reduced, affecting the fermentation rate of the material. If the particle size is too small, the gaps between the materials will be too small, thereby affecting the ventilation and air permeability inside the material.

[0024] Preferably, the maturity of the material in step 4 can be determined by observing that the material is brown or black in appearance and has no foul odor, and the material is considered mature. After fermentation reaches maturity, the internal temperature of the material is lower than 40°C.

[0025] Preferably, after the material in step 4 reaches the mature stage, it is necessary to stop stirring and ventilating the material, and just allow the material to ventilate naturally.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] By using Bacillus brevis laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the germination of seeds can be promoted, and at the same time, the beneficial bacteria in the roots of plants can be promoted to grow in large quantities, the reproduction of pathogens can be inhibited, and the soil nutrients can be activated to increase crop yields. After the mucilaginous Bacillus reproduces in the soil, it can secrete plant growth stimulants and a variety of enzymes to enhance the resistance of crops to some diseases. In the process of preparing microbial fertilizers, the materials are regularly stirred to make the materials ventilated and breathable, so that the internal microorganisms can be in contact with oxygen, so that the fermentation can be better carried out, and the effect of the microbial fertilizer after the fermentation is completed can be more outstanding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The invention provides a technical solution: a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency, comprising 5-8 parts of organic materials, 10-15 parts of composite microbial agents and 6-8 parts of carbon-soil mixture.

[0030] The composite microbial agent is made of four non-antagonistic microbial strains.

[0031] Among them, organic materials can be poultry manure, straw, edible fungus residue, sugarcane bagasse, sugar residue, distiller's grains and other organic matter, as well as soybean cake powder, bran, rice bran and other agricultural by-products. These raw materials are rich in carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds, and contain a variety of vitamins and inorganic elements. They have a loose texture and are conducive to ventilation. They are excellent substrates for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

[0032] The growth of microorganisms can be promoted more effectively by using pollution-free raw materials. In the process of selecting organic materials, it is necessary to avoid organic materials contaminated by chemical agents.

[0033] The composite microbial agent includes Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the mass ratio of Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus is (3-5):(1-2):(1-2):(3-5).

[0034] Bacillus laterosporus can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in plant roots, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, promote the growth of plant roots, enhance the absorption capacity of roots, activate soil nutrients, play a role in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, and potassium dissolution, increase crop yields, and improve quality. Paecilomyces lilacinus can produce rich derivatives to promote the growth of plant roots and plants. The colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in plant roots can not only significantly inhibit nematode infection, but also promote the growth of plant nutritional organs, and also promote the germination and growth of seeds. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has a strong disease resistance and antibacterial effect, can effectively inhibit the activity of plant pathogenic fungi and has a strong antibacterial effect, can also inhibit the germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and inhibit its hyphae growth. Bacillus colloids can dissolve phosphorus, release potassium, fix nitrogen, secrete a variety of enzymes, enhance the resistance of crops to some diseases, promote the transformation of ineffective phosphorus and potassium in the soil, increase the supply of phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and increase crop yields.

[0035] The carbon content of the carbon-soil mixture is 60%-80%, and the particle size of the carbon-soil mixture is 50-100 meshes.

[0036] The particle size of the carbon-soil mixture was controlled by sieving the carbon-soil mixture using a 50-100 mesh screen.

[0037] The pH value of the charcoal-soil mixture is 6-8.5, and there is no need to adjust the pH value during the fermentation process.

[0038] Microorganisms will regulate the pH value of the environment during the fermentation process, so there is no need to adjust the pH value of the material during the fermentation process.

[0039] Wherein, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Organic material treatment

[0041] First, large-volume organic materials such as straw and rice straw need to be crushed by a pulverizer to adjust the particle size of the materials to avoid large-volume organic materials. Crushing the materials can increase the surface area of ​​the materials, which is convenient for microbial reproduction, thereby increasing the fermentation speed.

[0042] Step 2: Bacterial treatment

[0043] The composite microbial agent is evenly sprinkled on the carbon-soil mixture, and then the carbon-soil mixture and the composite microbial agent are stirred and mixed to obtain a carbon-bacteria mixture;

[0044] Step 3: Mixing

[0045] The carbon bacteria mixture is uniformly mixed with the treated organic materials. During the mixing process, an appropriate amount of water can be added according to the moisture content of the materials to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed materials is maintained between 55% and 60%. The mixed materials are stacked into multiple parallel strip piles. The cross-sectional shape of the strip pile is usually triangular or trapezoidal, with a height controlled within 1-1.5m and a width controlled within 3-5m.

[0046] Step 4: Compost

[0047] After the mixed materials are stacked, they need to be stirred every 4-7 days so that the outside air can contact the internal materials, thereby providing oxygen to the microorganisms, accelerating the fermentation process of microorganisms, and adjusting the temperature inside the materials to avoid excessive temperature inside the materials. At the same time, the internal wet materials can contact with the air, thereby drying the materials to ensure that the fermentation is promoted from many aspects. When stirring, ensure that the stirring is uniform so that all parts of the materials are evenly fermented. During the stirring process, the color and smell changes of the materials need to be carefully observed to judge the progress of fermentation. Stop stirring the materials after 1 month and wait for the natural fermentation and decomposition of the materials.

[0048] Step 5: Maturation

[0049] Use the drying method to spread the fermented materials on an open field, dry them by natural air drying, and then crush and sieve them to remove impurities and organic matter that is difficult to decompose in the microbial fertilizer to obtain qualified microbial fertilizer;

[0050] Step 6: Shape and bag

[0051] The fermented and matured microbial fertilizer is processed into blocks or granules to shape the microbial fertilizer, and then it is bagged and packaged by a baler. After the packaging is completed, the packaging needs to be checked to ensure that the packed microbial fertilizer is tightly packed and not damaged.

[0052] The large volume of organic materials is crushed and adjusted to a suitable particle size to increase the surface area, facilitate microbial reproduction, and increase the fermentation speed. The charcoal soil mixture is then mixed with a composite microbial agent to obtain a charcoal bacteria mixture. The charcoal bacteria mixture is then mixed with the treated organic materials. The appropriate moisture content is controlled and the materials are stacked. The materials need to be stirred regularly after stacking to promote fermentation. The fermented materials are dried, crushed and sieved after drying to remove impurities and difficult-to-decompose organic matter, thereby obtaining microbial fertilizer.

[0053] Among them, the particle size of the organic material in step 1 needs to be maintained between 15-60mm. If the particles are too large, the surface area of ​​the organic material will be reduced, affecting the fermentation speed of the material. If the particle size is too small, the gaps between the materials will be too small, thereby affecting the ventilation and air permeability inside the material.

[0054] For oversized particles in the material, they can be crushed to a size between 15-60mm.

[0055] Among them, the maturity of the material in step 4 can be determined by observing that the material appears brown or black in appearance and has no foul odor, which means that the material is mature. After the fermentation reaches the maturity, the internal temperature of the material is lower than 40°C.

[0056] The decomposed material is microbial fertilizer and can be used after subsequent processing.

[0057] Among them, in step 4, after the material reaches the mature stage, it is necessary to stop stirring the material for ventilation, and just let the material ventilate naturally.

[0058] Stirring too many times will cause the heat of the material to be lost, thus affecting the degree of harmlessness of fermentation.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0060] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A microbial fertilizer that reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers and increases their efficiency, characterized in that: It comprises 5-8 parts of organic materials, 10-15 parts of composite microbial agents and 6-8 parts of carbon-soil mixture.

2. The microbial fertilizer for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic material can be organic matter such as poultry manure, straw, edible fungus residue, sugarcane bagasse, sugar residue, distiller's grains, as well as agricultural by-products such as soybean cake powder, bran, and rice bran. These raw materials are rich in carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds, and contain a variety of vitamins and inorganic elements. They have a loose texture and are conducive to ventilation. They are excellent substrates for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

3. The microbial fertilizer for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent comprises Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the mass ratio of Bacillus pumilus laterosporus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus mucilaginosus is (3-5):(1-2):(1-2):(3-5).

4. The microbial fertilizer for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon content of the carbon-soil mixture is 60%-80%, and the particle size of the carbon-soil mixture is 50-100 meshes.

5. The microbial fertilizer for reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the carbon-soil mixture is 6-8.5, and the pH value does not need to be adjusted during the fermentation process.

6. A method for preparing a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Organic material treatment First, large-volume organic materials such as straw and rice straw need to be crushed by a pulverizer to adjust the particle size of the materials to avoid large-volume organic materials. Crushing the materials can increase the surface area of ​​the materials, which is convenient for microbial reproduction, thereby increasing the fermentation speed. Step 2: Bacterial treatment The composite microbial agent is evenly sprinkled on the carbon-soil mixture, and then the carbon-soil mixture and the composite microbial agent are stirred and mixed to obtain a carbon-bacteria mixture; Step 3: Mixing The carbon bacteria mixture is uniformly mixed with the treated organic materials. During the mixing process, an appropriate amount of water can be added according to the moisture content of the materials to ensure that the moisture content of the mixed materials is maintained between 55% and 60%. The mixed materials are stacked into multiple parallel strip piles. The cross-sectional shape of the strip pile is usually triangular or trapezoidal, with a height controlled within 1-1.5m and a width controlled within 3-5m. Step 4: Compost After the mixed materials are stacked, they need to be stirred every 4-7 days so that the outside air can contact the internal materials, thereby providing oxygen to the microorganisms, accelerating the fermentation process of microorganisms, and adjusting the temperature inside the materials to avoid excessive temperature inside the materials. At the same time, the internal wet materials can contact with the air, thereby drying the materials to ensure that the fermentation is promoted from many aspects. When stirring, ensure that the stirring is uniform so that all parts of the materials are evenly fermented. During the stirring process, the color and smell changes of the materials need to be carefully observed to judge the progress of fermentation. Stop stirring the materials after 1 month and wait for the natural fermentation and decomposition of the materials. Step 5: Maturation Use the drying method to spread the fermented materials on an open field, dry them by natural air drying, and then crush and sieve them to remove impurities and organic matter that is difficult to decompose in the microbial fertilizer to obtain qualified microbial fertilizer; Step 6: Shape and bag The fermented and matured microbial fertilizer is processed into blocks or granules to shape the microbial fertilizer, and then it is bagged and packaged by a baler. After the packaging is completed, the packaging needs to be checked to ensure that the packed microbial fertilizer is tightly packed and not damaged.

7. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the organic material in step 1 needs to be maintained between 15-60 mm. If the particles are too large, the surface area of ​​the organic material will be reduced, affecting the fermentation rate of the material. If the particle size is too small, the gaps between the materials will be too small, thereby affecting the ventilation and air permeability inside the material.

8. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 6, characterized in that: The maturity of the material in step 4 can be determined by observing that the material is brown or black in appearance and has no foul odor, which means that the material is mature. After the fermentation reaches the maturity, the internal temperature of the material is lower than 40°C.

9. The method for preparing a microbial fertilizer capable of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the material described in step 4 reaches the mature stage, it is necessary to stop stirring the material for ventilation and just allow the material to ventilate naturally.