Bar surface high-speed laser cladding device

Abstract

The invention relates to a bar surface high-speed laser cladding device which comprises a laser cladding head, the laser cladding head comprises an outer cylinder seat, an inner cylinder and a nozzle head, the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder seat in a penetrating mode, the lower end of the inner cylinder is sleeved with the nozzle head, and the nozzle head is rotationally connected with the outer cylinder seat; a mixing chamber is formed between the nozzle head and the inner barrel, and material guide structures are arranged on the inner walls of the two sides of the mixing chamber; a through hole is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the nozzle head in a penetrating mode, material pipe bases and air pipe bases are arranged on the side wall of the outer cylinder base, the air pipe bases are located between the material pipe bases, and air conveying pipes are connected to the air pipe bases. Conveying channels are arranged at the positions, located on the material pipe bases and the air pipe bases, of the outer cylinder base, the conveying channels correspond to the through holes in position and communicate with the through holes, the through holes communicate with the conveying channels by rotating the nozzle head, rapid switching of different types of cladding materials can be achieved according to actual requirements, and the requirement for rapid switching of the cladding materials is met. And multiple channels can be adopted for material conveying, so that alloying of cladding materials is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding devices, and in particular to a high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding is an advanced surface treatment technology that uses high-power lasers to heat the coating material to a molten state and then combines it with the substrate to form a new surface layer. It can significantly improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the substrate, improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, and can also be used for local repair of damaged parts to extend the service life of the equipment. At present, when laser cladding devices process different areas on the same workpiece, for example, more wear-resistant materials may be required for areas with heavier wear, while other areas can use lower-cost materials. Therefore, different cladding materials need to be switched according to specific needs. The above is only applicable to single-channel cladding systems. When considering wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics while taking into account cost-effectiveness, iron-based alloy powders can be used to improve the corrosion resistance and toughness of the cladding layer. Therefore, a multi-channel cladding system is required to meet the needs of cladding operations.

[0003] Chinese patent document: CN202210201138.2 discloses a laser cladding head with replaceable powder. The application sets a powder channel and a protective gas channel on the nozzle body, wherein the powder channel includes a main channel and multiple feed channels. A switching device for switching the feed channel to communicate with the main channel is set on the nozzle body. When the switching device is working, when the external gas source supplies gas to the piston cavity through the air inlet channel, the cylindrical piston pushes the shielding ring to move, so that the through hole is connected to a specific powder filling slot, and the remaining powder filling slots are blocked and sealed by the outer circumferential wall of the shielding ring to achieve feeding. In this application, multiple feed channels are opened separately, so that powder is filled in turn. During the cladding process, different cladding powders are not fully mixed and evenly sprayed directly onto the surface of the workpiece to form a cladding layer through laser heating. The cladding layer formed in this way will have problems such as insufficient strength and poor corrosion resistance. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficients and cooling rates of different metal powders are usually different, which will cause stress inside the cladding layer and increase the risk of cracks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention discloses a high-speed laser cladding device for the surface of a rod, which adopts a multi-channel cladding system, can quickly switch different powder materials for cladding, and utilizes protective gas to evenly mix the two cladding materials in the mixing chamber to ensure the cladding quality.

[0005] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A high-speed laser cladding device for the surface of a bar material comprises a support seat, a lifting cylinder assembly, and a laser cladding head, wherein the laser cladding head is installed at the bottom of the support seat through the lifting cylinder assembly, and the laser cladding head comprises an outer cylinder seat, an inner cylinder body and a nozzle head, the upper end of the outer cylinder seat is connected to the lifting cylinder assembly, the inner cylinder body is penetrated in the outer cylinder seat, the nozzle head is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the inner cylinder body, the bottom end of the nozzle head is flush with the bottom end of the inner cylinder body, a mounting groove for accommodating the nozzle head is provided at the lower end of the outer cylinder seat, and the nozzle head is rotatably connected with the outer cylinder seat; a mixing chamber of an annular structure is formed between the inner wall of the upper end of the nozzle head and the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder body, and a material guide structure for dispersing cladding powder is provided on the inner walls on both sides of the mixing chamber; the outer wall of the lower end of the inner cylinder body is convex outwardly and forms a conical convex portion, the side walls at the upper and lower ends of the conical convex portion are both conical, and the lower end of the nozzle head is contracted and forms a discharge channel with a small gap with the lower end of the conical convex portion. At least three through holes are formed through the side wall of the upper end of the nozzle head, and the lower ends of the through holes are communicated with the mixing chamber.

[0007] At least two material pipe seats are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer cylinder seat, and the material pipe seats are connected to a powder delivery pipe; at least two air pipe seats are provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder body, and the air pipe seats are located between two adjacent material pipe seats, and the air pipe seats are connected to a gas delivery pipe, which is connected to a gas source and is used to deliver protective gas; a delivery channel connected to the gas delivery pipe or the powder delivery pipe is penetrated at each material pipe seat and air pipe seat on the outer cylinder seat, and the lower ends of the delivery channels extend to the mounting grooves respectively, and several of the delivery channels correspond to the positions of at least three through holes and are connected thereto, and the nozzle head is rotated to make several through holes connected to several delivery channels respectively, so as to realize switching of different types of cladding materials for laser cladding operation.

[0008] Furthermore, the material guiding structure includes a plurality of annular ridge blocks arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle head and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the ridge blocks located on the nozzle head and the inner cylinder are distributed in a longitudinal staggered manner, the cross-section of the ridge blocks is a triangular structure, and the top walls of the ridge blocks are all arranged as inclined surfaces.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the conveying channels has an elastic joint assembly at the lower end for connecting with the through hole, the elastic joint assembly includes a joint tube and a spring, a limiting ring is provided on the outer wall of the joint tube, and a limiting groove for limiting the movement of the limiting ring is opened on the inner wall of the conveying channel, the spring is arranged in the limiting groove, the spring presses the limiting ring downward, and causes the lower end of the joint tube to be embedded in the through hole or pressed against the outer wall of the nozzle head.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer wall of the joint pipe is fitted with the inner wall of the conveying channel, and the inner wall of the upper end of the joint pipe is expanded in a conical shape; the outer wall of the lower end of the joint pipe is conical, and when the joint pipe is connected to the through hole, the outer wall of the lower end of the joint pipe is pressed to the opening of the through hole under the action of the spring.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner cylinder includes an upper tube body and a lower tube body, and a focusing lens is horizontally provided at the connection between the upper tube body and the lower tube body.

[0012] Furthermore, a circle of clamping rings is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove, and a circle of clamping grooves matched with the clamping rings is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle head, so as to realize the rotational connection between the nozzle head and the outer cylinder seat.

[0013] Furthermore, a circle of raised adjustment ring is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle head, and marks corresponding to the positions of the through holes are provided on the outer wall of the adjustment ring, and the positions of the marks correspond to the positions of the material pipe seat and the air pipe seat respectively.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0015] (1) The present invention adopts a rotatable nozzle head to cooperate with the outer cylinder seat, so that the through hole on the nozzle head is connected with the designated conveying channel on the outer cylinder seat, so that different types of cladding materials can be quickly switched according to actual needs, and multiple channels can be used for material feeding to achieve alloying of the cladding materials. Compared with the existing technology, the cladding quality is guaranteed and the cladding cost is reduced.

[0016] (2) Compared with the prior art, the present invention sets a mixing chamber between the feeding channel and the discharging channel. By rotating the nozzle head and ensuring that when the powder feeding pipe is connected to the mixing chamber, at least one gas feeding pipe must also be connected to the mixing chamber, so that cladding powders of different types and particle sizes can be fully mixed after being dispersed and mixed by the material guide structure in the mixing chamber under the drive of the protective gas, thereby ensuring that the alloyed cladding layer will not have problems such as fracture and corrosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser cladding head in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram at point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view at AA.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the nozzle head position structure when conveying two types of cladding powder in Example 2

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle head position structure when the cladding powder is transported separately in Example 2.

[0023] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: support seat 1, lifting cylinder 2, laser cladding head 3, outer cylinder seat 4, mounting groove 41, clamping ring 411, material pipe seat 42, powder conveying pipe 421, gas pipe seat 43, gas conveying pipe 431, limiting groove 44, elastic joint assembly 45, joint pipe 451, limiting ring 452, spring 453, conveying channel 46, inner cylinder 5, conical convex portion 51, upper tube body 52, lower tube body 53, focusing lens 54, nozzle head 6, clamping groove 61, through hole 62, adjusting ring 63, mixing chamber 7, convex block 71, discharge channel 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Any equivalent replacement of the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention and any solution derived from conventional reasoning shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The fixed connection and fixed setting mentioned in the present invention are all common connection methods in the mechanical field, including welding, bolt and nut connection, and screw connection.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Please see attached Figure 1-4The present embodiment provides a high-speed laser cladding device for the surface of a bar material, comprising a support seat 1, a lifting cylinder 2, and a laser cladding head 3. The laser cladding head 3 is installed at the bottom of the support seat 1 through the lifting cylinder 2. The laser cladding head 3 comprises an outer cylinder seat 4, an inner cylinder body 5 and a nozzle head 6. The upper end of the outer cylinder seat 4 is connected to the lifting cylinder 2. The inner cylinder body 5 is penetrated in the outer cylinder seat 4. The nozzle head 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the inner cylinder body 5. The bottom end of the nozzle head 6 is flush with the bottom end of the inner cylinder body 5. A mounting groove 41 for accommodating the nozzle head 6 is opened at the lower end of the outer cylinder seat 4. A circle of clamping rings 411 are arranged on the inner wall of the mounting groove 41, and a circle of clamping grooves 61 matched with the clamping ring 411 are arranged on the outer wall of the nozzle head 6. The rotation connection between the nozzle head 6 and the outer cylinder seat 4 is realized by the cooperation between the clamping grooves 61 and the clamping ring 411.

[0028] An annular mixing chamber 7 is formed between the inner wall of the upper end of the nozzle head 6 and the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder 5. The inner walls on both sides of the mixing chamber 7 are provided with a material guide structure for dispersing the cladding powder; the outer wall of the lower end of the inner cylinder 5 is convex outwardly and forms a conical convex portion 51. The upper and lower side walls of the conical convex portion 51 are both conical. The lower end of the nozzle head 6 is contracted and forms a discharge channel 8 with a small gap between the lower end of the conical convex portion 51. Four through holes 62 are penetrated on the side wall of the upper end of the nozzle head 6, and the lower end of the through hole 62 is connected to the mixing chamber 7.

[0029] Four material pipe seats 42 are evenly distributed along the circumference on the side wall of the outer cylinder seat 4, and the four material pipe seats 42 are distributed in a cross shape. The four material pipe seats 42 are all connected with a powder conveying pipe 421. One end of the powder conveying pipe 421 is respectively connected to the cladding powder bin and is used to convey cladding powder of different types or particle sizes. Four air pipe seats 43 are provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder. Each air pipe seat 43 is located at the center between two adjacent material pipe seats 42, and the two air pipe seats 43 are arranged opposite to each other. The number of air pipe seats 43 is equal to the number of material pipe seats 42. The air pipe seats 43 are all connected with a gas conveying pipe 431, which is connected to a gas source and is used to convey a protective gas. The protective gas can effectively isolate the molten pool from the external environment, prevent the entry of harmful gases such as oxygen and moisture, avoid material oxidation and the generation of impurities, and also ensure that the cladding powder output from the mixing chamber 7 has sufficient power. A delivery channel 46 connected to the gas delivery pipe 431 or the powder delivery pipe 421 is provided on each material pipe seat 42 and the air pipe seat 43 on the outer cylinder seat 4, and the lower end of the delivery channel extends to the mounting groove 41 respectively. In this embodiment, four through holes 62 are distributed on one side of the nozzle head 6, and the distance between two adjacent through holes 62 is equal to the minimum distance between the material delivery channels, so that after the nozzle head 6 is rotated to the specified position, the eight delivery channels can correspond to the positions of the three through holes 62 respectively and be connected thereto, so as to realize the switching of different types of cladding materials for laser cladding operations.

[0030] In this embodiment, the material guide structure includes a plurality of annular convex ridge blocks 71 arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle head 6 and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 5, and the convex ridge blocks 71 located on the nozzle head 6 and the inner cylinder 5 are longitudinally staggered, the cross-section of the convex ridge blocks 71 is a triangular structure, and the top walls of the convex ridge blocks 71 are all inclined. When the powder passes through the plurality of convex ridge blocks 71 in sequence, the powder can be dispersed to both sides and gradually dispersed to a circle in the mixing chamber 7, so as to avoid the powder being concentrated near the through hole 62, and finally discharged from the discharge channel 8.

[0031] In order to avoid leakage of cladding powder during transportation due to excessive gap between the outer wall of the nozzle head 6 and the inner wall of the mounting groove 41 when the through hole 62 is connected to the conveying channel 46, or even the problem that the nozzle head 6 cannot rotate normally due to material jamming, in this embodiment, an elastic joint assembly 45 for connecting with the through hole 62 is provided at the lower end of each conveying channel, and the elastic joint assembly 45 includes a joint pipe 451 and a spring 453. A limit ring 452 is provided on the outer wall of the joint pipe 451, and a spring 453 is provided on the inner wall of the conveying channel. A limit groove 44 is provided for limiting the movement of the limit ring 452, and a spring 453 is arranged in the limit groove 44. The spring 453 presses the limit ring 452 downward, and makes the lower end of the joint tube 451 embedded in the through hole 62 or pressed against the outer wall of the nozzle head 6. When the joint tube 451 presses against the outer wall of the nozzle head 6, the conveying channel is closed; when the joint tube 451 is embedded in the through hole 62, the conveying channel and the through hole 62 are connected and connected through the joint tube 451 to avoid leakage.

[0032] The outer wall of the joint tube 451 is fitted with the inner wall of the conveying channel, and the inner wall of the upper end of the joint tube 451 is expanded in a conical shape; the outer wall of the lower end of the joint tube 451 is conical, and when the joint tube 451 is connected to the through hole 62, the outer wall of the lower end of the joint tube 451 is pressed to the orifice of the through hole 62 under the action of the spring 453. This conical structure is adopted to facilitate the normal rotation of the nozzle head 6.

[0033] In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 5 includes an upper tube 52 and a lower tube 53 , and a focusing lens 54 is horizontally provided at the connection between the upper tube 52 and the lower tube 53 .

[0034] In this embodiment, a raised adjustment ring 63 is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle head 6, and a mark corresponding to the position of the through hole 62 is provided on the outer wall of the adjustment ring 63, and the mark position corresponds to the position of the material pipe seat 42 and the air pipe seat 43 respectively. At the same time, a mark can also be provided on the side surface of the material pipe seat 42 to distinguish the type or particle size of the cladding powder transported by the conveying channel. Therefore, when switching the cladding powder, the mark and the mark information on the material pipe seat 42 can be referred to, and the specified cladding powder can be switched as needed.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that three through holes 62 are formed on the upper side wall of the nozzle head 6, and two material pipe seats 42 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer cylinder seat 4. The two material pipe seats 42 are relatively distributed, and an air pipe seat 43 is respectively provided between the two sides of the two material pipe seats 42. Figure 5 As shown, when two cladding powders are required to be alloyed and mixed for cladding, the nozzle head 6 is rotated so that the three through holes 62 correspond to the positions of the two material pipe seats 42 and the one gas pipe seat 43 respectively. Figure 6 As shown, when only one type of cladding powder is needed, the nozzle head 6 is rotated so that the three through holes 62 correspond to the positions of one material pipe seat 42 and two air pipe seats 43 respectively.

[0037] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface, comprising a support seat (1), a lifting cylinder (2), and a laser cladding head (3), wherein the laser cladding head (3) is installed at the bottom of the support seat (1) through the lifting cylinder (2), and is characterized in that: The laser cladding head (3) comprises an outer cylinder seat (4), an inner cylinder body (5) and a nozzle head (6); the upper end of the outer cylinder seat (4) is connected to the lifting cylinder (2); the inner cylinder body (5) is arranged through the outer cylinder seat (4); the nozzle head (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the inner cylinder body (5); the bottom end of the nozzle head (6) is flush with the bottom end of the inner cylinder body (5); the lower end of the outer cylinder seat (4) is provided with a mounting groove (41) for accommodating the nozzle head (6); and the nozzle head (6) and the outer cylinder seat (4) are rotatably connected; the inner wall of the upper end of the nozzle head (6) is connected to the outer wall of the upper end of the inner cylinder body (5); A mixing chamber (7) of an annular structure is formed between the walls, and guide structures for dispersing cladding powder are provided on the inner walls on both sides of the mixing chamber (7); the outer wall of the lower end of the inner cylinder (5) is convex outwardly and forms a conical convex portion (51), and the upper and lower side walls of the conical convex portion (51) are both conical surfaces, and the lower end of the nozzle head (6) is contracted and forms a discharge channel (8) between the lower end of the conical convex portion (51); at least three through holes (62) are penetrated on the side wall of the upper end of the nozzle head (6), and the lower ends of the through holes (62) are connected to the mixing chamber (7); At least two material pipe seats (42) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer cylinder seat (4), and each of the material pipe seats (42) is connected to a powder material conveying pipe (421); at least two gas pipe seats (43) are provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder body, and each of the gas pipe seats (43) is located between two adjacent material pipe seats (42), and each of the gas pipe seats (43) is connected to a gas conveying pipe (431), and the gas conveying pipe (431) is connected to a gas source and is used to convey protective gas; each material pipe seat on the outer cylinder seat (4) is provided with a gas supply. A delivery channel (46) connected to a gas delivery pipe (431) or a powder delivery pipe (421) is provided through the nozzle head (42) and the air pipe seat (43), and the lower ends of the delivery channels extend to the mounting groove (41), and a plurality of the delivery channels correspond to the positions of at least three through holes (62) and are connected thereto. By rotating the nozzle head (6) so that the plurality of through holes (62) are connected to the plurality of delivery channels, it is possible to switch between different types of cladding materials for laser cladding operation.

2. A bar surface high-speed laser cladding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The material guiding structure comprises a plurality of annular convex ridge blocks (71) arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle head (6) and the outer wall of the inner cylinder (5), and the convex ridge blocks (71) located on the nozzle head (6) and the inner cylinder (5) are distributed in a longitudinally staggered manner, the cross-section of the convex ridge blocks (71) is a triangular structure, and the top walls of the convex ridge blocks (71) are all arranged in an inclined surface.

3. The high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of each conveying channel is provided with an elastic joint assembly (45) for connecting with the through hole (62), and the elastic joint assembly (45) comprises a joint tube (451) and a spring (453). A limiting ring (452) is provided on the outer wall of the joint tube (451), and a limiting groove (44) for limiting the movement of the limiting ring (452) is provided on the inner wall of the conveying channel. The spring (453) is arranged in the limiting groove (44), and the spring (453) presses the limiting ring (452) downward, so that the lower end of the joint tube (451) is embedded in the through hole (62) or pressed against the outer wall of the nozzle head (6).

4. A bar surface high-speed laser cladding device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the joint tube (451) is arranged to fit the inner wall of the conveying channel, and the inner wall of the upper end of the joint tube (451) is arranged to expand in a conical surface; the outer wall of the lower end of the joint tube (451) is arranged to be conical, and when the joint tube (451) is connected to the through hole (62), the outer wall of the lower end of the joint tube (451) is pressed against the opening of the through hole (62) under the action of the spring (453).

5. The high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The through holes (62) are all located on one side of the nozzle head (6), and the distance between two adjacent through holes (62) is equal to the minimum distance between the material delivery channels.

6. The high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cylinder (5) comprises an upper tube (52) and a lower tube (53), and a focusing lens (54) is horizontally provided at the connection between the upper tube (52) and the lower tube (53).

7. The high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A circle of clamping rings (411) is provided on the inner wall of the installation groove (41), and a circle of clamping grooves (61) matching the clamping ring (411) is provided on the outer wall of the nozzle head (6), thereby realizing a rotational connection between the nozzle head (6) and the outer cylinder seat (4).

8. The high-speed laser cladding device for a bar surface as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall of the nozzle head (6) is provided with a circle of raised adjustment ring (63), and the outer wall of the adjustment ring (63) is provided with a mark corresponding to the position of the through hole (62), and the position of the mark corresponds to the position of the material pipe seat (42) and the air pipe seat (43) respectively.

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