Drainage device and method applied to frozen soil area

Abstract

The invention provides a drainage device and method applied to a permafrost region, and belongs to the technical field of soil body antifreezing, the drainage device comprises a water storage heating assembly, the water storage heating assembly is arranged in a soil body of the permafrost region, the water storage heating assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of heating rods arranged side by side, and the heating rods are all located in the shell; a plurality of water seepage holes are formed in the shell, and the shell is further filled with water absorption materials. The soil moisture content of the frozen soil area can be reduced, so that frost heaving is reduced, and the soil conditioner can adapt to repeated freezing and thawing and has high stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil antifreeze, and in particular relates to a drainage device and method applied to frozen soil areas. Background Art

[0002] Frozen soil is a kind of soil rock with a temperature not higher than 0℃ and containing ice that binds soil particles. In recent years, long tunnels, high-speed railways and highways have been laid out and constructed on a large scale in mountainous areas and high-altitude cold regions in the west. In order to reduce the thermal disturbance of frozen soil during the construction process, a large number of pile foundations need to be arranged in the frozen soil areas. During the service life of the pile foundation, the soil will frost and expand due to temperature changes, which may cause the pile foundation to freeze.

[0003] The main reason for frost heave in soil is the high water content in the soil. When the temperature changes, the water in the soil will freeze, so reducing the water content of the soil can effectively reduce the occurrence of frost heave.

[0004] At present, there are several main methods to reduce soil frost heave and its impact in seasonal frozen soil areas: ① Use heterogeneous piles, such as conical piles, to change the shape of the piles and increase the friction between the piles and the frozen soil to resist the impact of soil frost heave on the pile foundation; ② Apply a clamp to the pile end or arrange a sliding device in the active layer to reduce the frost pull effect on the pile body, which is difficult to construct; ③ Arrange a heating device in the active layer to prevent the soil from freezing, which may destroy the stability of the soil, and the heating effect is difficult to ensure when the temperature is low. ④ The surface near the foundation is waterproofed by tamping, mixing with hydrophobic materials, etc., to weaken or eliminate the infiltration of surface water and prevent the upward movement of groundwater, reduce the water content of the soil, and reduce soil frost heave.

[0005] The first three measures mentioned above usually cannot directly reduce soil frost heave, but use additional devices to reduce the impact of soil frost heave on pile foundations, which is difficult to construct and has a greater impact on the environment. Although the fourth method can reduce soil moisture content to reduce frost heave through additional measures, it often increases the amount of foundation or has a limited treatment depth. It will lose some functions under repeated freeze-thaw cycles, has a short antifreeze period, and hydrophobic substances will affect the surrounding environment, which is not sustainable. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects or shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a drainage device and method for use in permafrost areas, which can reduce the moisture content of soil in permafrost areas, thereby reducing frost heave, and can adapt to repeated freezing and thawing and has high stability.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a drainage device for use in frozen soil areas, including a water storage and heating component, which is arranged in the soil in the frozen soil area. The water storage and heating component includes an outer shell and a plurality of heating rods arranged side by side, and the plurality of heating rods are all located inside the outer shell. A plurality of seepage holes are opened on the outer shell, and the inside of the outer shell is also filled with water-absorbing material.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a heat storage component and a drainage component, and the heat storage component, the water storage and heating component and the drainage component are all fixed on the fixing part.

[0009] Furthermore, the heat storage assembly includes a heat storage rod and a reflective plate, the fixing piece is sleeved on the outside of the heat storage rod, the reflective plate is fixed on the outer surface of the fixing piece, the reflective plate is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped reflective plates, and the bottom ends of the plurality of arc-shaped reflective plates are fixed to the fixing piece by bolts.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of arc-shaped reflective plates are combined to form a bowl-shaped structure, and the heat storage rod is vertically arranged at the center of the plurality of arc-shaped reflective plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the water storage and heating component is arranged below the heat storage component, and the water storage and heating component is buried in the soil.

[0012] Furthermore, the plurality of heating rods are vertically arranged, and the top ends of the plurality of heating rods are connected to the heat storage rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the drainage component is arranged above the water storage and heating component and is communicated with the water storage and heating component. The drainage component is located above the ground at a set height from the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, the drainage assembly includes a ventilation fan, which is arranged outside the fixing member and is rotatably connected to the fixing member.

[0015] Furthermore, a protective cover is arranged on the outside of the ventilation fan, and a plurality of ventilation windows are opened on the protective cover.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a drainage method applied to a frozen soil region, using a drainage device applied to a frozen soil region as described above, comprising the following steps: The water storage heating component is placed in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the shell through the seepage holes on the shell and is absorbed by the water-absorbing material inside the shell. The reflector reflects sunlight to the heat storage rod. The heat storage rod generates heat under the sunlight and transfers the heat to the heating rod. The heating rod heats the water-absorbing material, and the moisture in the water-absorbing material evaporates due to the heat. The ventilation fan rotates under the action of external wind force, so that a negative pressure environment is formed above the water storage heating component. The water vapor generated by the water storage heating component is quickly discharged upward from the soil under the action of negative pressure, thereby reducing the moisture content of the surrounding soil.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a water storage and heating component, and buries the water storage and heating component in the soil in the frozen soil area. The water-absorbing material in the water storage and heating component can absorb the moisture in the soil, and the heating rod can heat the water-absorbing material to evaporate and discharge the moisture absorbed in the water-absorbing material, thereby effectively reducing the moisture content of the surrounding soil, and effectively avoiding excessive frost heave of the soil during the freezing period, so as to protect the engineering foundation from freeze heave and thaw settlement, thereby improving the stability and life of the project. At the same time, the water storage and heating component can adapt to repeated freezing and thawing, can control the moisture content in the surrounding soil for a long time, and has good stability.

[0018] 2. The present invention provides a heat storage rod and a reflector. The reflector reflects sunlight and focuses it onto the heat storage rod to heat the heat storage rod. The heat storage rod transfers heat to the heating rod. No additional heating device is required, thereby reducing the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0019] 3. The present invention arranges a drainage component above the water storage and heating component. The ventilation fan in the drainage component can generate a negative pressure environment above the water storage and heating component. Under the action of the negative pressure environment, the water vapor generated by the water storage and heating component is quickly discharged upward from the soil, thereby improving the drainage efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drainage device in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the heat storage rod and the heating rod in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the position relationship between the heat storage rod and the reflective plate in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a transverse cross-sectional view of a water storage heating assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Among them, 1. heat storage component; 11. heat storage rod; 12. reflector; 2. water storage and heating component; 21. shell; 22. heating rod; 23. water absorbing material; 24. water seepage hole; 25. thermal insulation material; 3. drainage component; 31. ventilation fan; 32. protective cover; 33. ventilation window; 4. fixing parts; 5. conical pile head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1 A typical implementation of the present invention is as follows Figure 1As shown, a drainage device used in frozen soil areas includes a fixing part 4, a heat storage component 1, a water storage and heating component 2 and a drainage component 3. The heat storage component 1, the water storage and heating component 2 and the drainage component 3 are all fixedly connected to the fixing part 4. By fixing the heat storage component 1, the water storage and heating component 2 and the drainage component 3 on the fixing part 4, the difficulty of later maintenance and dismantling is reduced, and the damage to the surrounding environment is reduced.

[0023] The heat storage assembly 1 includes a heat storage rod 11 and a reflector 12. The fixing member 4 is a cylindrical structure, which is hollow inside and has openings at both ends. The fixing member 4 is sleeved on the outside of the heat storage rod 11 and is fixedly connected to the heat storage rod 11. The reflector 12 is fixed on the outer surface of the fixing member 4. The reflector 12 is surrounded by a plurality of arc-shaped reflectors. The bottom ends of the plurality of arc-shaped reflectors are fixed to the fixing member 4 by bolts. In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, there are four arc-shaped reflectors, each of which has a central angle of 90°. The multiple arc-shaped reflectors are combined to form a bowl-shaped structure, and the heat storage rod 11 is vertically arranged at the center of the multiple arc-shaped reflectors. When sunlight shines on the reflector 12, the bowl-shaped reflector 12 can reflect the sunlight and focus it onto the heat storage rod 11, so that the sunlight is used to heat the heat storage rod 11, and no additional heating device is required, thereby reducing the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0024] The water storage and heating component 2 is arranged below the heat storage component 1. When in use, the water storage and heating component 2 is buried in the soil. The water storage and heating component 2 absorbs the moisture in the soil and evaporates the absorbed moisture by heating, thereby reducing the moisture content of the surrounding soil and effectively avoiding excessive frost heave of the soil during the freezing period, so as to protect the engineering foundation from freeze heave and thaw settlement, thereby improving the stability and life of the project.

[0025] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the water storage heating component 2 includes an outer shell 21 and a plurality of heating rods 22 arranged side by side, the plurality of heating rods 22 are all located inside the outer shell 21, the plurality of heating rods 22 are all vertically arranged, and the top ends of the plurality of heating rods 22 are all connected to the heat storage rod 11, so that the heat generated by the heat storage rod 11 can be transferred to the heating rod 22, and the heat storage rod 11 is used to heat the heating rod 22.

[0026] The outer shell 21 is made of a hollow stainless steel tube, the top of the outer shell 21 is connected to the fixing member 4, which effectively ensures the stability of the water storage and heating component 2. The bottom of the outer shell 21 is provided with a conical pile head 5 to facilitate the installation of the water storage and heating component 2 in the soil.

[0027] A water-absorbing material 23 is also provided inside the shell 21, and the water-absorbing material 23 fills the gap between the shell 21 and the heating rod 22, so that the water-absorbing material 23 is in full contact with the heating rod 22, ensuring that the heat generated by the heating rod 22 can be quickly transferred to the water-absorbing material 23, thereby reducing the heat loss of the heating rod 22. A plurality of water seepage holes 24 are also provided on the shell 21, and the plurality of water seepage holes 24 are evenly arranged on the shell 21. The moisture in the soil enters the shell 21 through the water seepage holes 24 and is absorbed by the water-absorbing material 23 inside the shell 21. The heat generated by the heat storage rod 11 is transferred to the heating rod 22, and the heating rod 22 heats the water-absorbing material 23. The moisture adsorbed by the water-absorbing material 23 evaporates due to the heat, thereby reducing the moisture in the soil.

[0028] The water-absorbing material 23 is made of polyacrylamide or sodium polyacrylate, which can effectively ensure the water absorption of the water-absorbing material 23 .

[0029] The exterior of the outer shell 21 is provided with a heat-insulating material 25, which can effectively isolate the heat dissipation inside the outer shell 21, thereby effectively reducing the thermal disturbance to the surrounding frozen soil.

[0030] The water storage and heating component 2 of the present invention can adapt to repeated freezing and thawing, and its drainage effect will not be reduced during long-term use, and it has high stability.

[0031] The drainage component 3 is arranged above the water storage and heating component 2 and is connected to the water storage and heating component 2. The drainage component 3 is located above the ground at a set height from the ground. The drainage component 3 can accelerate the evaporation of water in the water storage and heating component 2, thereby improving the drainage efficiency.

[0032] Specifically, the drainage component 3 includes a ventilation fan 31, which is arranged on the outside of the fixing member 4 and is rotatably connected to the fixing member 4. A protective cover 32 is arranged on the outside of the ventilation fan 31, and a plurality of ventilation windows 33 are opened on the protective cover 32. The ventilation fan 31 keeps rotating under the action of external wind force. The blades of the ventilation fan 31 are S-shaped. The S-shaped blades can accelerate the air flow, and the air in the protective cover 32 is quickly discharged from the ventilation windows 33 on the side, thereby forming a negative pressure environment above the water storage and heating component 2. Under the action of the negative pressure environment, the water vapor generated by the water storage and heating component 2 is quickly discharged upward from the soil, thereby improving the drainage efficiency.

[0033] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides a drainage method for use in frozen soil areas, using a drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: The water storage heating component is placed in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the shell through the seepage holes on the shell and is absorbed by the water-absorbing material inside the shell. The reflector reflects sunlight to the heat storage rod. The heat storage rod generates heat under the sunlight and transfers the heat to the heating rod. The heating rod heats the water-absorbing material, and the moisture in the water-absorbing material evaporates due to the heat. The ventilation fan rotates under the action of external wind force to form a negative pressure environment above the water storage heating component. The water vapor generated by the water storage heating component is quickly discharged upward from the soil under the action of negative pressure, thereby reducing the moisture content of the surrounding soil and effectively avoiding excessive frost heave of the soil during the freezing period, so as to protect the foundation of the project from freeze-up and thaw settlement, which will affect the stability and life of the project.

[0034] In order to more effectively drain the moisture in the soil and reduce soil frost heave, multiple drainage devices can be set up and arranged in an array for use in engineering foundations over a larger range.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drainage device used in frozen soil areas, characterized in that: It includes a water storage and heating component, which is arranged in the soil in the frozen soil area. The water storage and heating component includes an outer shell and a plurality of heating rods arranged side by side. The plurality of heating rods are all located inside the outer shell. A plurality of water seepage holes are opened on the outer shell, and the inner part of the outer shell is also filled with water absorbing material.

2. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heat storage component and a drainage component. The heat storage component, the water storage and heating component and the drainage component are all fixed on the fixing part.

3. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The heat storage assembly includes a heat storage rod and a reflector. The fixing piece is sleeved on the outside of the heat storage rod. The reflector is fixed on the outer surface of the fixing piece. The reflector is formed by a plurality of arc-shaped reflectors. The bottom ends of the plurality of arc-shaped reflectors are fixed to the fixing piece by bolts.

4. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of arc-shaped reflective panels are combined to form a bowl-shaped structure, and the heat storage rod is vertically arranged at the center of the plurality of arc-shaped reflective panels.

5. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The water storage and heating component is arranged below the heat storage component, and the water storage and heating component is buried in the soil.

6. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of heating rods are all arranged vertically, and the top ends of the plurality of heating rods are all connected to the heat storage rods.

7. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The drainage component is arranged above the water storage and heating component and is communicated with the water storage and heating component. The drainage component is located above the ground at a set height from the ground.

8. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The drainage assembly comprises a ventilation fan, which is arranged outside the fixing member and is rotatably connected to the fixing member.

9. A drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A protective cover is arranged on the outer side of the ventilation fan, and a plurality of ventilation windows are opened on the protective cover.

10. A drainage device and method for use in frozen soil areas, using the drainage device for use in frozen soil areas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The water storage heating component is placed in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the shell through the seepage holes on the shell and is absorbed by the water-absorbing material inside the shell. The reflector reflects sunlight to the heat storage rod. The heat storage rod generates heat under the sunlight and transfers the heat to the heating rod. The heating rod heats the water-absorbing material, and the moisture in the water-absorbing material evaporates due to the heat. The ventilation fan rotates under the action of external wind force, so that a negative pressure environment is formed above the water storage heating component. The water vapor generated by the water storage heating component is quickly discharged upward from the soil under the action of negative pressure, thereby reducing the moisture content of the surrounding soil.

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