A reverse anchoring protection system and method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses

Abstract

The present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection system and method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses, relating to the technical field of dangerous rock mass anchoring protection. The invention includes an anchoring device, an auxiliary tension device, an active protection device, a monitoring unit and a control and processing unit. The anchoring device is arranged in the inclined holes of the stable rock mass and the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, with the upper end anchored to the ground of the stable rock mass and the lower end supported on the wall surface of the dangerous rock mass. It is installed by drilling holes from the ground to the free face, which can effectively avoid the risks brought by operating on the free face. Secondly, the auxiliary tension device provides tension for the anchoring device. Through the monitoring unit and the control and processing unit, the anchoring device and the active protection device are jointly called, and the tension values of the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are timely adjusted according to the state of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass to prevent the collapse of giant dangerous rock masses, and can also avoid the disaster risks brought by small falling rocks, and realize the rapid installation of the anchoring protection structure in the steep cliff environment where drilling holes and building construction platforms are not available.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of support and reinforcement for dangerous rock masses, and in particular to a reverse anchoring protection system and method for emergency rescue of cliff dangerous rock mass collapses. Background Art

[0002] The collapse of dangerous rock masses is one of the common geological disasters, which is a phenomenon that dangerous rock masses break away from the mother rock and suddenly collapse under the action of gravity and natural agents.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used anchoring protection technologies that can be used for emergency rescue of dangerous rock mass collapses mainly include the active protection system and the passive protection system for the treatment of dangerous rock masses. Among them, the main measures of the active protection system include slope cutting and removal, anchoring, grouting, protection nets, etc.; the main measures of the passive protection system include shed tunnels, rock retaining walls, rockfall troughs, etc. Different measures are suitable for different application environments and need to be reasonably selected according to the conditions on site.

[0004] However, cliff dangerous rock masses often have a high free face, do not have the basic conditions for construction operations of anchoring projects on cliffs, and there are huge risks in construction on the free face, making construction difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an anchoring protection system that avoids construction operations on the free face to quickly and effectively anchor and protect dangerous rock masses in the early stage of instability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection system and method for emergency rescue of cliff dangerous rock mass collapses. The invention includes an anchoring device, an auxiliary tension device, an active protection device, a monitoring unit, and a control and processing unit. The anchoring device is arranged in the inclined holes of the stable rock mass and the cliff dangerous rock mass, anchored at the ground of the stable rock mass at the upper end and supported on the wall surface of the dangerous rock mass at the lower end, and is installed by drilling holes from the ground to the free face, which can effectively avoid the risks brought by operations on the free face. Secondly, the auxiliary tension device provides tension for the anchoring device, and the anchoring device and the active protection device are jointly called through the monitoring unit and the control and processing unit, and the tension values of the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are timely adjusted according to the state of the cliff dangerous rock mass to prevent the collapse of giant dangerous rock masses, and can also avoid the disaster risks brought by small rockfalls, and realize the rapid installation of the anchoring protection structure in the cliff environment where drilling and construction platforms cannot be built. To achieve the above object, the technical solution is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of cliff dangerous rock mass collapses, and the system includes:

[0007] An anchoring device for anchoring the cliff dangerous rock mass through a drilled hole from the ground;

[0008] An auxiliary tension device is used to provide auxiliary tension to the anchoring device to prevent the overall instability failure of the stable rock mass caused by insufficient anchoring force provided by the ground.

[0009] An active protection device is used to cover the surface of the steep rock mass with dangerous rocks to prevent small pieces of stones from falling.

[0010] A monitoring unit is used to monitor the state of the anchoring device in real time and feed the monitoring data back to the control and processing unit.

[0011] The control and processing unit is used to calculate the anchoring force required to be provided by the anchoring device and the tension required to be provided by the auxiliary tension device, and control the tension values of the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device.

[0012] Optionally, the anchoring device includes:

[0013] An umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head is used to fix the bottom end of the anchoring device on the steep rock mass with dangerous rocks through an expansion structure.

[0014] An inner anchor connection disk is used to connect the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head and the anchor cable.

[0015] The anchor cable is used to connect the inner anchor connection disk and the anchor end fixing piece.

[0016] The anchor end fixing piece is used to firmly fix the top end of the anchor cable on the ground of the stable rock mass.

[0017] Optionally, the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head includes:

[0018] A support plate is used to fix with the steep rock mass with dangerous rocks in the open state to provide a supporting force.

[0019] A traction head is used to bite the support plate to realize the opening and closing of the support plate.

[0020] A connecting rod is used to connect the traction head and the inner anchor connection disk.

[0021] A spring bracket is used to support and adjust the opening angle and the opening and closing state of the support plate.

[0022] A torsion spring is used to provide elastic force for the opening of the support plate.

[0023] Optionally, the drilling equipment includes a drill pipe and a reaming bit; the reaming bit is arranged on the drill pipe; the reaming bit includes a rod body, the rod body is designed with threads and can be connected with the drill pipe, a groove is arranged on one side of the rod body for folding and installing a grinding tool, the grinding tool can be installed on the side wall of the groove through a pin, and a second torsion spring is sleeved on the end of the pin.

[0024] Optionally, the auxiliary tension device includes:

[0025] The first shear-resistant pile is used to provide a stable support foundation. By being fixed in the stable rock mass, it provides sufficient bearing capacity.

[0026] The first load grading and control device is used to grade and control the tensile force applied to the anchoring device, and dynamically adjust the tensile force according to the control instructions of the control processing unit.

[0027] The cable is used to connect the first load grading and control device and the anchoring device.

[0028] The steering wheel group is used to change the force transmission direction of the cable.

[0029] The installation process of the first shear-resistant pile includes:

[0030] After drilling a hole in the stable rock mass, a steel pipe is placed. The steel pipe has multiple slurry outlet holes, and a steel pipe pile interacting with the stable rock mass is obtained.

[0031] According to the steel pipe pile, the pipe orifice of the steel pipe pile and the orifice of the drilled hole are blocked with rubber plugs, and high-pressure cement slurry is injected into the pipe to obtain the first shear-resistant pile.

[0032] Optionally, the first load grading and control device includes:

[0033] The oil pump unit is used to provide a hydraulic power source for the hydraulic jack.

[0034] The hydraulic jack is used to convert hydraulic pressure into mechanical tensile force to provide tensile force for the cable.

[0035] The PLC pressure controller is used to control the first load grading and control device.

[0036] The pressure control device is used to precisely adjust the pressure in the oil pump unit.

[0037] The pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure value of the oil pump unit in real time.

[0038] The pipeline is used to connect the oil pump unit and the hydraulic jack.

[0039] The RS485 hub is used to connect the monitoring unit, the first load grading and control device, and the control processing unit for data transmission and control.

[0040] The tensile force sensor is used to measure the tensile force value of the cable in real time.

[0041] Optionally, the active protection device includes:

[0042] The protection net is used to cover the surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass to intercept possible falling gravel.

[0043] The second shear-resistant pile is used to provide a stable support foundation for the protective net;

[0044] The second load grading control device is used to grade and control the tensile force applied to the protective net.

[0045] Optionally, the method for calculating the anchoring force that the anchoring device needs to provide includes:

[0046] Based on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the volume of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the density of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, and the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0047] Based on the volume and density of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0048] Based on the anchoring device and the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the included angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0049] Based on the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, and the included angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, calculate through formula (1) to obtain the anchoring force that the anchoring device needs to provide,

[0050] (1)

[0051] In the formula, is the anchoring force that the anchoring device needs to provide, is the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, is the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, is the included angle between the cable and the horizontal plane.

[0052] Optionally, the method for calculating the tensile force that the auxiliary tensile device needs to provide includes:

[0053] Based on the anchoring device, divide the stable rock mass to obtain the first stable rock mass and the second stable rock mass;

[0054] Based on the first stable rock mass, according to formula (2) and formula (3), respectively obtain the gravity and shear resistance of the first stable rock mass,

[0055] (2)

[0056] In the formula, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the density of the first stable rock mass, is the volume of the first stable rock mass, is the acceleration due to gravity,

[0057] (3)

[0058] In the formula, is the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass, is the area of the failure surface; is the cohesion of the rock; is the friction angle of the rock;

[0059] According to the anchoring force of the anchoring device and the gravity of the first stable rock mass, the sliding force of the first stable rock mass is obtained through formula (4),

[0060] (4)

[0061] In the formula, is the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the component of the gravity of the first stable rock mass in the direction of the anchoring force;

[0062] According to the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass and the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, the tension to be provided by the auxiliary tension device is obtained through formula (5),

[0063] (5)

[0064] In the formula, is the tension to be provided by the auxiliary tension device.

[0065] On the other hand, the present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses. This method is implemented by a reverse anchoring protection system for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses. This method includes:

[0066] S1. According to the information of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass and the protection plan, through calculation, the anchoring force provided by a single anchoring device is obtained;

[0067] S2. According to the anchoring force provided by the single anchoring device and the information of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the number of anchoring devices is obtained;

[0068] S3. According to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection plan, a drilling rig is erected to drill holes to obtain anchoring holes;

[0069] S4. According to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection plan, the first shear-resistant piles and cables are arranged to obtain an auxiliary tension device;

[0070] S5. According to the protection plan, a protection net is covered on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the second shear-resistant piles and the second load grading control device are installed, the upper end of the protection net is fixed by the second load grading control device, and a hook is extended from the hole to the free face to hook the bottom of the protection net to obtain an active protection device;

[0071] S6. Place the anchoring device into the anchoring borehole. The umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the anchoring device automatically opens after protruding from the hole mouth of the free face hole, and hooks the bottom of the protection net to obtain the anchor body of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock.

[0072] S7. According to the anchor body of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock, use a tensioning device to apply prestress to the cable of the anchoring device by tensioning the fixing piece at the anchoring end of the anchoring device, and connect the fixing piece at the anchoring end of the anchoring device with the auxiliary tension device to obtain the tension device of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock.

[0073] S8. According to the tension device of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock and the active protection device, the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are adjusted in real time through the monitoring unit and the control and processing unit to complete the anchoring protection work for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0075] On the one hand, the above solution includes an anchoring device, an auxiliary tension device, an active protection device, a monitoring unit and a control and processing unit. The anchoring device is arranged in the inclined hole of the stable rock mass and the steep rock mass with dangerous rock, the upper end is anchored on the ground of the stable rock mass, and the lower end is supported on the wall surface of the dangerous rock mass. It is installed by drilling holes from the ground to the free face, which can effectively avoid the risks brought by operating on the free face. On the other hand, the auxiliary tension device provides tension for the anchoring device. Through the monitoring unit and the control and processing unit, the anchoring device and the active protection device are jointly called, and the tension values of the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are adjusted in time according to the state of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock to prevent the collapse of the giant dangerous rock, and can also avoid the disaster risks brought by small falling rocks, and realize the rapid installation of the anchoring protection structure in the steep wall environment where drilling and building a construction platform are not available. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0077] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of an embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 It is a plan layout diagram of an embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep rock mass with dangerous rock of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3It is a schematic structural diagram of the auxiliary tension device of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0080] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the installation process of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0081] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the expansion process of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head in the hole of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0082] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0083] Figure 7 It is a flowchart of the method for calculating the anchoring force that the anchoring device needs to provide in the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0084] Figure 8 It is a flowchart of the method for calculating the tension that the auxiliary tension device needs to provide in the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0085] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the force on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass in the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0086] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the force interaction between the first stable rock mass and the second stable rock mass in the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0087] Figure 11 It is a flowchart of the reverse anchoring protection method embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention;

[0088] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the expansion process of the reaming bit in the reverse anchoring protection method embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses in the present invention.

[0089] Description of reference numerals in the figure: Anchoring device 1, umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head 101, inner anchor connection plate 102, anchor cable 103, anchor end fixing part 104, support plate 1011, towing head 1012, connecting rod 1013, spring bracket 1014, torsion spring 1015; Auxiliary tension device 2, first shear-resistant pile 201, first load grading and control device 202, cable 203, steering wheel group 204, steel pipe 2011, cement slurry 2012, slurry outlet hole 2013, oil pump unit 2021, hydraulic jack 2022, PLC pressure controller 2023, pressure control device 2024, pressure sensor 2025, pipeline 2026, RS485 hub 2027, tension sensor 2028; Active protection device 3, protection net 301, second shear-resistant pile 302, second load grading and control device 303; Monitoring unit 4; Stable rock mass 5, first stable rock mass 501, second stable rock mass 502; Steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6; Reaming bit 7, rod body 701, grinding knife 702, pin 703, second torsion spring 704, groove 705, thread 706; Control and processing unit 8. Detailed implementation manners

[0090] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0091] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "example" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Exactly speaking, the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a specific manner. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one of the two.

[0092] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0093] As Figure 1 shown in the system architecture schematic diagram of the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown in the plan layout diagram of the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue of the present invention, and as Figure 3 shown in the structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary tension device of the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue of the present invention, the present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue, which system can implement a reverse anchoring protection method for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue, and the system includes: an anchoring device 1, an auxiliary tension device 2, an active protection device 3, a monitoring unit 4 and a control and processing unit 8;

[0094] An anchoring device 1 for anchoring a steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 from the ground through a borehole;

[0095] Specifically, the anchoring device 1 includes:

[0096] An umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head 101 for fixing the anchoring device 1 on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 through an expansion structure;

[0097] An inner anchor connection disc 102 for connecting the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head 101 and the anchor cable 103;

[0098] The anchor cable 103 for connecting the inner anchor connection disc 102 and the anchor end fixing member 104;

[0099] The anchor end fixing member 104 for firmly fixing the top end of the anchor cable 103 on the ground of the stable rock mass 5.

[0100] Furthermore, the anchoring device 1 is used to be installed in an inclined hole drilled from the stable rock mass 5 to the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6. For the above-mentioned inclined hole, a drilling device can be used to drill from the stable rock mass 5 to the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 to avoid the danger of operating on the free face.

[0101] The anchoring device 1 is arranged in the inclined hole penetrating the stable rock mass 5 and the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6, and the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head 101 of the anchoring device 1 is on the free face outside the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 to support the wall surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6. The anchor end fixing member 104 of the anchoring device 1 is anchored on the top surface of the stable rock mass 5 and there is a preset distance from the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6.

[0102] As Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the installation process of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass of the present invention shown, as Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the expansion process of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head in the hole of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass of the present invention shown and as Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the reverse anchoring protection system embodiment for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass of the present invention shown, the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head 101 includes:

[0103] A support plate 1011 for fixing with the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 in the open state to provide a supporting force;

[0104] A traction head 1012 for engaging the support plate 1011 to realize the opening and closing of the support plate 1011;

[0105] A connecting rod 1013 for connecting the traction head 1012 and the inner anchor connection disc 102;

[0106] The spring bracket 1014 is used to support and adjust the opening angle and the opening and closing states of the support plate 1011;

[0107] The torsion spring 1015 is used to provide elastic force for the opening of the support plate 1011.

[0108] Furthermore, an expansion hole is formed at one end of the inclined hole corresponding to the free face. The diameter of the expansion hole is larger than the diameter of the original inclined hole. Therefore, an expansion groove surface is formed at the transition position between the original inclined hole and the expansion hole, so as to be used for clamping the support plate 1011.

[0109] The support plate 1011 is in a folded state during the transportation in the inclined hole. After being transported to the position of the expansion hole, it loses the constraint of the hole wall. Under the elastic action of the elastic member, the support plate 1011 expands outward. The second end of the support plate 1011 abuts against the expansion groove surface at the end of the inclined hole, providing a reverse anchoring force for the anchor cable 103.

[0110] The torsion spring 1015 is used to expand the support plate 1011 from a folded state to a state of expanding around. The main body part of the support plate 1011 is an arc-shaped steel plate matching the outer side surface of the connecting rod 1013, so as to better fit the outer side surface of the connecting rod 1013 in the folded state.

[0111] An annular groove is arranged on the end surface of the traction head 1012 facing the connecting rod 1013, for biting the first end of the support plate 1011 and allowing it to move along the annular direction in the annular groove. The cross-section of the annular groove is circular. Correspondingly, the cross-section of the first end of the support plate 1011 is also circular and the sizes correspond, for allowing the first end of the support plate 1011 to be able to rotate along the cross-section direction of the annular groove. Through the rotation of the support plate 1011, folding and unfolding are realized.

[0112] The first end of the support plate 1011 can be a part of a circular ring body smaller than the diameter of the annular groove, which can better match the structure of the annular groove and is convenient for use.

[0113] Specifically, as Figure 12 shown in the schematic diagram of the unfolding process of the reaming bit of the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection method for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue of the present invention. The drilling equipment includes: a drill pipe and a reaming bit 7; the reaming bit 7 is arranged on the drill pipe; the reaming bit 7 includes a rod body 701, and the rod body 701 is designed with threads 706 and can be connected to the drill pipe. A groove 705 is arranged on one side of the rod body 701 for folding and installing a grinding tool 702. The grinding tool 702 can be installed on the side wall of the groove 705 through a pin 703, and a second torsion spring 704 is sleeved on the end of the pin 703.

[0114] Further, there are holes on both sides of the groove 705. The pin 703 passes through the holes on both sides of the groove 705 to install the grinding knife 702, and serves as the reaction force frame of the second torsion spring 704; the grinding knife 702 can rotate around the pin 703; the second torsion spring 704 is installed on the pin 703 and is used to support the grinding knife 702 to retract into the groove 705.

[0115] When the drilling assembly is inserted from the inclined hole, the grinding knife 702 is in a retracted state. When the drilling assembly is in place and the drill rod starts to rotate, under the action of the centrifugal force during the rotation of the drill rod, the grinding knife 702 extends out of the groove 705, and the grinding knife 702 is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body 701 and performs grinding. In this state, the second torsion spring 704 is in a stretched state.

[0116] When the drill rod stops rotating, the second torsion spring 704 retracts the grinding knife 702 into the groove 705 based on the elastic force, and then it can be retracted into the inclined hole for recovery.

[0117] The auxiliary tension device 2 is used to provide auxiliary tension to the anchoring device 1 to prevent the overall instability and failure of the stable rock mass 5 caused by insufficient anchoring force provided by the ground.

[0118] Specifically, the auxiliary tension device 2 includes:

[0119] The first shear-resistant pile 201 is used to provide a stable support foundation. By being fixed in the stable rock mass 5, it provides sufficient bearing capacity.

[0120] The first load grading and regulating device 202 is used to grade and regulate the tension applied to the anchoring device 1, and dynamically adjust the tension according to the control instruction of the control processing unit 8.

[0121] The cable 203 is used to connect the first load grading and regulating device 202 and the anchoring device 1.

[0122] The steering wheel group 204 is used to change the force transmission direction of the cable 203.

[0123] Further, the first shear-resistant pile 201 is fixed to the first end of the first load grading and regulating device 202 as a fixed end. For the auxiliary tension device 2, since the anchoring device 1 is located in the inclined hole, and the tension direction provided by the first load grading and regulating device 202 may be different from the direction of the inclined hole, therefore, through the steering wheel group 204, the tension direction of the cable 203 is changed, so as to provide more accurate and stable tension for the anchoring device 1.

[0124] It should be noted that the control processing unit 8 can adjust the first load grading control device 202 to perform grading control on the provided auxiliary tension based on the stress and strain of the anchoring device 1, and timely control during the instability process of the steep rock mass 6 to avoid excessive or insufficient tension.

[0125] Specifically, the installation process of the first shear pile 201 includes:

[0126] After drilling a hole in the stable rock mass 5, a steel pipe 2011 is placed. The steel pipe 2011 has a plurality of slurry outlet holes 2013 to obtain a steel pipe pile interacting with the stable rock mass.

[0127] Based on the steel pipe pile, the pipe orifice of the steel pipe pile and the orifice of the drilled hole are blocked with a rubber plug, and high-pressure cement slurry 2012 is injected into the pipe to obtain the first shear pile 201.

[0128] Furthermore, during the installation process, after drilling a hole on the ground of the stable rock mass 5, a steel pipe 2011 is placed to ensure that the positions of the slurry outlet holes 2013 are also within the stable rock mass 5. The steel pipe 2011 is provided with a plurality of slurry outlet holes 2013. The top orifice and the gap between the hole walls of the steel pipe 2011 are blocked, and a grouting hole is reserved. The interior of the steel pipe 2011 is subjected to high-pressure grouting through the grouting hole to fill the rock mass fissures and improve the rock mass strength. After the pressure is stable for a certain period of time, the top orifice of the steel pipe 2011 is blocked to achieve grouting reinforcement of the fissured rock mass. In this way, the cement slurry 2012 not only fills the gap between the steel pipe 2011 and the stable rock mass 5, but also penetrates into the fissures of the stable rock mass 5 through the slurry outlet 2013 holes, thereby effectively filling these fissures and improving the overall strength of the rock mass.

[0129] Specifically, the first load grading control device 202 includes:

[0130] An oil pump unit 2021 for providing a hydraulic power source for the hydraulic jack 2022;

[0131] The hydraulic jack 2022 for converting hydraulic pressure into mechanical tension to provide tension for the cable 203;

[0132] A PLC pressure controller 2023 for controlling the first load grading control device 202;

[0133] A pressure control device 2024 for precisely adjusting the pressure in the oil pump unit 2021;

[0134] A pressure sensor 2025 for real-time monitoring of the pressure value of the oil pump unit 2021;

[0135] A pipeline 2026 for connecting the oil pump unit 2021 and the hydraulic jack 2022;

[0136] An RS485 hub 2027 for connecting the monitoring unit 4, the first load grading control device 202 and the control processing unit 8 to perform data transmission and control;

[0137] A tension sensor 2028 for measuring the tension value of the cable 203 in real time.

[0138] Furthermore, the oil pump unit 2021 is the power source of the force application unit, and the pipeline 2026 is the channel connecting the oil pump unit 2021 and the hydraulic jack 2022. The oil pump unit 2021 is used to generate and transport hydraulic oil, and provide the required working pressure and flow rate for the hydraulic jack 2022 through the pipeline 2026. The hydraulic jack 2022 utilizes the pressure of the hydraulic oil to generate an axial telescopic force. When the oil pump unit 2021 transports hydraulic oil to the hydraulic jack 2022 through the pipeline 2026, the piston inside the hydraulic jack 2022 will be pressured to move, thereby pulling the cable 203 connected thereto.

[0139] An active protection device 3 for covering the surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 to prevent small pieces of stone from falling;

[0140] Specifically, the active protection device 3 includes:

[0141] A protection net 301 for covering the surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 to intercept the gravel that may fall off;

[0142] A second shear-resistant pile 302 for providing a stable support foundation for the protection net 301;

[0143] A second load grading control device 303 for grading and controlling the tension applied to the protection net 301.

[0144] A monitoring unit 4 for monitoring the state of the anchoring device 1 in real time and feeding back the monitoring data to the control processing unit 8;

[0145] Specifically, the monitoring unit 4 is arranged on the anchoring device 1 for monitoring the stress and strain on the anchoring device 1. The control processing unit 8 is communicatively connected to the auxiliary tension device 2 and the monitoring unit 4 respectively, and the control processing unit 8 can control the auxiliary tension device 2 based on the stress and strain. Based on the stress and strain on the anchoring device 1, the corresponding auxiliary tension device 2 is used to provide auxiliary tension for the anchoring device 1 and the active protection device 3, and real-time regulation during the instability process of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 can be achieved.

[0146] The control processing unit 8 is used to calculate the anchoring force required by the anchoring device 1 and the tension required by the auxiliary tension device 2, and control the tension values of the auxiliary tension device 2 and the active protection device 3.

[0147] Specifically, asFigure 7 Flow chart of the method for calculating the anchoring force required for the calculation anchoring device in the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse emergency rescue of the present invention as shown, and as Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the force on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass in the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse emergency rescue of the present invention as shown. The method for calculating the anchoring force required for the anchoring device includes:

[0148] Based on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6, obtain the volume of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the density of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, and the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0149] Based on the volume of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass and the density of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0150] Based on the anchoring device and the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the included angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0151] Based on the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, and the included angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, calculate through formula (1) to obtain the anchoring force required for the anchoring device,

[0152] (1)

[0153] In the formula, is the anchoring force required for the anchoring device, is the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, is the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, is the included angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane.

[0154] Furthermore, the derivation method of formula (1) is:

[0155] The instability of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 includes two stages:

[0156] The self-stabilization stage of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 without anchoring. In this stage, the slip surface or the cracking surface has shear or tensile strength;

[0157] The failure stage of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 without anchoring. In this stage, the slip surface or the cracking surface does not have shear or tensile strength, and the anchoring force serves as the shear or tensile strength;

[0158] For the sake of safety, when designing the anchoring force, consider it according to the second stage, that is, do not consider the shear or tensile strength of the slip surface or the cracking surface, and only consider the stable state of the dangerous rock mass under the action of the anchoring force;

[0159] In this state, the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 is subjected to the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 、The anchoring force of the anchoring device 、The normal force of the failure surface 、The shear force of the failure surface act; among them, The component in the direction is , and the component in the direction is ; The component in the direction is , and the component in the direction is .

[0160] Under the action of the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1, when the shear force of the failure surface = 0, the steep cliff dangerous rock mass 6 is in a critical state;

[0161] The anchoring force of the anchoring device 1 、The normal force of the failure surface has the following relationship with the component:

[0162] (6)

[0163] (7)

[0164] In the 、 direction force balance relationship:

[0165] (8)

[0166] Substitute the above formulas and solve the system of equations to obtain :

[0167] (9)

[0168] Solving the system of equations can obtain the relationship between the anchoring force of the anchoring device 1 and the gravity of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass:

[0169] (1)

[0170] Specifically, as shown in Figure 8 the flowchart of the method for calculating the auxiliary pulling force required by the calculation auxiliary pulling force device of the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for steep cliff dangerous rock mass collapse rescue of the present invention and as shown in Figure 10Schematic diagram of the interaction force between the first stable rock mass and the second stable rock mass in the embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection system for the collapse emergency rescue of steep rock mass and dangerous rock mass of the present invention. The method for calculating the tensile force of the auxiliary tensile device includes:

[0171] According to the anchoring device 1, the stable rock mass 5 is divided to obtain the first stable rock mass 501 and the second stable rock mass 502;

[0172] According to the first stable rock mass 501, the gravity of the first stable rock mass and the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass are respectively obtained according to formula (2) and formula (3).

[0173] (2)

[0174] In the formula, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the density of the first stable rock mass, is the volume of the first stable rock mass, is the acceleration due to gravity,

[0175] (3)

[0176] In the formula, is the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass, is the area of the failure surface; is the rock cohesion; is the friction angle of the rock;

[0177] According to the anchoring force of the anchoring device and the gravity of the first stable rock mass, the sliding force of the first stable rock mass is obtained through formula (4).

[0178] (4)

[0179] In the formula, is the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the component of the gravity of the first stable rock mass in the direction of the anchoring force;

[0180] According to the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass and the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, the tensile force that the auxiliary tensile device needs to provide is obtained through formula (5).

[0181] (5)

[0182] In the formula, is the tensile force that the auxiliary tensile device needs to provide.

[0183] Such as Figure 11Flowchart of an embodiment of the reverse anchoring protection method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses of the present invention. The present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses, which is implemented by a reverse anchoring protection system for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses. The method includes:

[0184] S1. According to the information of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass and the protection plan, through calculation, obtain the anchoring force provided by a single anchoring device;

[0185] S2. According to the anchoring force provided by the single anchoring device and the information of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, obtain the number of anchoring devices;

[0186] S3. According to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection plan, set up a drilling rig to drill holes to obtain anchoring holes;

[0187] S4. According to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection plan, lay out the first shear piles and cables to obtain an auxiliary tension device;

[0188] S5. According to the protection plan, cover a protection net on the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, install the second shear piles and the second load grading control device, use the second load grading control device to fix the upper end of the protection net, and use hooks to extend out of the hole to the free face and hook the bottom of the protection net to obtain an active protection device;

[0189] S6. Place the anchoring device into the anchoring hole. The umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the anchoring device automatically opens after extending out of the hole to the free face hole opening, and hooks the bottom of the protection net to obtain an anchor body of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0190] S7. According to the anchor body of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, use a tensioning device to apply prestress to the anchor cable of the anchoring device by fixing the fixing part of the anchoring end of the anchoring device, and connect the fixing part of the anchoring end of the anchoring device with the auxiliary tension device to obtain a tension device of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass;

[0191] S8. According to the tension device of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass and the active protection device, adjust the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device in real time through the monitoring unit and the control processing unit to complete the anchoring protection work for the collapse emergency rescue of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass.

[0192] The present invention provides a reverse anchoring protection system and a control method for the collapse emergency rescue of steep cliff dangerous rock masses. The invention includes an anchoring device, an auxiliary tension device, an active protection device, a monitoring unit and a control processing unit. The anchoring device is arranged in the inclined holes of the stable rock mass and the steep cliff dangerous rock mass, with the upper end anchored to the ground of the stable rock mass and the lower end supported on the wall surface of the dangerous rock mass. It is installed by drilling holes from the ground to the free face, which can effectively avoid the risks brought by operating on the free face. Secondly, the auxiliary tension device provides tension for the anchoring device. The anchoring device and the active protection device are jointly called through the monitoring unit and the control processing unit, and the tension values of the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are timely adjusted according to the state of the steep cliff dangerous rock mass to prevent the collapse of giant dangerous rock masses, and can also avoid the disaster risks brought by small falling rocks, and realize the rapid installation of the anchoring protection structure in the steep cliff environment where drilling holes and building construction platforms are not available.

[0193] It can be understood that the present invention is described through the above embodiments, and should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments and the scope of the present invention. As is known to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or equivalent replacements can be made to these features and embodiments. Additionally, under the teaching of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock collapse, characterized in that: The system comprises: Anchoring device, used to anchor the steep rock mass through the drill hole from the ground; An auxiliary tension device, used to provide auxiliary tension to the anchor device, so as to prevent the anchor device from being destabilized and damaged as a whole due to insufficient anchoring force provided by the ground; Active protection device, used to cover the surface of steep rock mass to prevent small rocks from falling; A monitoring unit, used to monitor the state of the anchoring device in real time and feed back the monitoring data to the control processing unit; The control processing unit is used to calculate the anchoring force that the anchoring device needs to provide and the pulling force that the auxiliary pulling force device needs to provide, and control the pulling force values ​​of the auxiliary pulling force device and the active protection device; The method for calculating the anchoring force to be provided by the anchoring device comprises: According to the steep-wall dangerous rock mass, the volume of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass, the density of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass and the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass are obtained; Obtaining the gravity of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass according to the volume of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass and the density of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass; According to the inclination angles of the anchoring device and the failure surface of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass, the angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep-wall dangerous rock mass is obtained; According to the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep wall dangerous rock mass, the gravity of the steep wall dangerous rock mass and the angle between the anchoring force and the failure surface of the steep wall dangerous rock mass, the anchoring force required to be provided by the anchoring device is calculated by formula (1): （1） In the formula, The anchoring force required for the anchoring device, is the gravity of the steep rock mass, is the inclination angle of the failure surface of the steep rock mass, is the angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal plane; The method for calculating the tension required to be provided by the auxiliary tension device includes: According to the anchoring device, the stable rock mass is divided to obtain a first stable rock mass and a second stable rock mass; According to the first stable rock mass, the gravity of the first stable rock mass and the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass are obtained according to formula (2) and formula (3), respectively: （2） In the formula, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the density of the first stable rock mass, is the volume of the first stable rock mass, is the acceleration due to gravity, （3） In the formula, is the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass, is the area of ​​the failure surface; is the rock cohesion; is the friction angle of the rock; According to the anchoring force of the anchoring device and the gravity of the first stable rock mass, the sliding force of the first stable rock mass is obtained by formula (4): （4） In the formula, is the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, is the gravity of the first stable rock mass, is the component of the gravity of the first stable rock mass in the direction of the anchoring force; According to the shear resistance of the first stable rock mass and the sliding force of the first stable rock mass, the tension required to be provided by the auxiliary tension device is obtained by formula (5): （5） In the formula, The pulling force required to be provided by the auxiliary pulling device.

2. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchoring device comprises: An umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head is used to fix the bottom end of the anchoring device on the steep wall and dangerous rock mass through an expansion structure; An inner anchor connection plate, used to connect the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head and the anchor cable; The anchor cable is used to connect the inner anchor connection plate and the anchor end fixing piece; The anchor end fixing piece is used to firmly fix the top end of the anchor cable to the ground of the stable rock mass.

3. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head comprises: A support plate, used to be fixed to the steep wall and dangerous rock mass in an open state to provide supporting force; A traction head, used for engaging the support plate to realize opening and closing of the support plate; A connecting rod, used to connect the traction head and the inner anchor connection plate; A spring bracket, used for supporting and adjusting the opening angle, opening and closing states of the support plate; The torsion spring is used to provide elastic force for opening the support plate.

4. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling equipment includes: a drill rod and a reaming drill bit; the reaming drill bit is arranged on the drill rod; the reaming drill bit includes a rod body, the rod body is designed with threads and can be connected to the drill rod, a groove is arranged on one side of the rod body for collecting and installing a grinder, and the grinder can be installed on the side wall of the groove by a pin, and a second torsion spring is installed on the end of the pin.

5. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The auxiliary pulling device comprises: The first shear pile is used to provide a stable supporting foundation and is fixed in the stable rock mass to provide sufficient bearing capacity; A first load graded control device, used for graded control of the tension applied to the anchoring device, and dynamically adjusting the tension according to the control instruction of the control processing unit; A cable, used to connect the first load grading and regulating device with the anchoring device; A steering wheel set, used to change the force transmission direction of the cable; The installation process of the first shear pile includes: After drilling a hole in the stable rock mass, a steel pipe is placed in the stable rock mass, wherein the steel pipe has a plurality of grouting holes, so as to obtain a steel pipe pile that interacts with the stable rock mass; According to the steel pipe pile, the pipe opening of the steel pipe pile and the opening of the drilled hole are sealed with a rubber plug and cement slurry is injected into the pipe under high pressure to obtain a first shear pile.

6. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The first load grading control device comprises: The oil pump unit is used to provide a hydraulic power source for the hydraulic jack; The hydraulic jack is used to convert hydraulic pressure into mechanical tension to provide tension for the cable; A PLC pressure controller, used to control the first load grading control device; A pressure control device, used to accurately adjust the pressure in the oil pump unit; A pressure sensor, used to monitor the pressure value of the oil pump unit in real time; A pipeline, used to connect the oil pump unit and the hydraulic jack; RS485 hub, used to connect the monitoring unit, the first load classification control device and the control processing unit for data transmission and control; The tension sensor is used to measure the tension value of the cable in real time.

7. The reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep rock mass collapse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The active protection device comprises: The protective net is used to cover the surface of the steep rock mass to intercept the debris that may fall off; The second shear pile is used to provide a stable supporting foundation for the protection net; The second load grading control device is used to grade and control the tension applied to the protective net.

8. A reverse anchoring protection method for emergency rescue of steep wall dangerous rock mass collapse, the reverse anchoring protection method for emergency rescue of steep wall dangerous rock mass collapse is implemented by the reverse anchoring protection system for emergency rescue of steep wall dangerous rock mass collapse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. Based on the information of the steep rock mass and the protection plan, the anchoring force provided by a single anchoring device is obtained through calculation; S2. Obtaining the number of anchoring devices according to the anchoring force provided by the single anchoring device and the information of the steep wall dangerous rock mass; S3, according to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection scheme, setting up a drilling rig to drill holes to obtain anchoring holes; S4. Arrange first shear piles and cables according to the number of the anchoring devices and the protection scheme to obtain an auxiliary tension device; S5. According to the protection scheme, a protection net is covered on the steep rock mass, a second shear pile and a second load grading control device are installed, the upper end of the protection net is fixed by the second load grading control device, and a hook is extended from the borehole to the free surface to hook the bottom of the protection net, so as to obtain an active protection device; S6, placing the anchoring device into the anchoring borehole, the umbrella-shaped expansion anchor head of the anchoring device automatically opens after extending out of the hole through the open surface, and hooks the bottom of the protection net to obtain an anchor body of the steep wall dangerous rock mass; S7, according to the anchor body of the steep wall dangerous rock mass, using tensioning equipment, tensioning the anchor cable of the anchor device through the anchor end fixing piece of the anchor device to apply prestress, and connecting the anchor end fixing piece of the anchor device with the auxiliary tensioning device to obtain a tensioning device for the steep wall dangerous rock mass; S8. According to the tension device and the active protection device of the steep wall dangerous rock mass, the auxiliary tension device and the active protection device are adjusted in real time by the monitoring unit and the control processing unit to complete the anchoring protection work for the collapse rescue of the steep wall dangerous rock mass.

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