Hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen storage device comprises a tank body, a partition plate is arranged in the tank body and divides the tank body into an upper part and a lower part, and a plurality of through holes communicating the upper part and the lower part of the tank body are formed in the partition plate; a gas circulating pump is mounted at the top of the tank body, an outlet of the gas circulating pump is connected with a hydrogen inlet pipe, an outlet end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is positioned at the top in the tank body, an inlet of the gas circulating pump is connected with a circulating pipe, and an inlet end of the circulating pipe is positioned at the bottom in the tank body; the circulating pipe is provided with a heat exchange section, a heat exchange assembly is arranged on the periphery of the circulating pipe at the heat exchange section, and a hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulating pipe between the heat exchange assembly and the gas circulating pump; a hydrogen outlet is formed in the top of the tank body. An independent space is provided for the hydrogen storage material, when heat conduction is needed in the hydrogen absorption process of the hydrogen storage material, heat conduction is conducted in a circulating gas flowing mode, and then heat exchange treatment is conducted outside.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage, and in particular relates to a hydrogen storage device. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen, because it does not emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide during combustion and has a high calorific value, is known as one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources. However, the key to fully realizing its potential lies in how to properly store this precious resource. At present, the most mainstream hydrogen storage technologies are mainly divided into three forms: gaseous, liquid and solid. Among them, solid-state hydrogen storage stands out with its unique advantages. The principle of solid-state hydrogen storage is to embed hydrogen into the lattice structure of solid alloys and use changes in temperature and pressure to achieve the physical reversible adsorption and release process of hydrogen. Compared with the other two methods, solid-state hydrogen storage not only has lower energy consumption, but also can store more hydrogen per unit volume, while ensuring the safety and stability of operation. Therefore, it is regarded as a technical direction with great development potential in the future.

[0003] Of course, solid-state hydrogen storage also faces some problems: first, when solid materials absorb or release hydrogen, their volume will change; second, these chemical reactions are often accompanied by the transfer of a large amount of heat, such as heat release when absorbing hydrogen, and heating when releasing hydrogen.

[0004] Patent publication number CN118998605A provides a horizontal solid hydrogen storage device, which solves the problems of volume expansion and heat release in the solid hydrogen storage process. However, this technology has the following technical problems when solving the problems of volume expansion and heat release: The technical solution adopted by this patent mainly adopts a conical cylinder with a small left end and a large right end as a hydrogen storage cylinder. The hydrogen storage cylinder is in a horizontal state. A heat exchange tube is installed in the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the hydrogen storage material is filled into the hydrogen storage cylinder and the heat exchange tube is buried. When absorbing hydrogen, hydrogen is input into the hydrogen storage cylinder. In this technical design, during the hydrogen absorption process, the heat exchange tube solves the purpose of exchanging heat during hydrogen absorption, but during the hydrogen absorption process, the hydrogen storage material will expand. Due to the presence of the heat exchange tube, the heat exchange tube will be squeezed during the expansion process. In addition, many materials are prone to hydrogen corrosion (common metals include carbon steel, low alloy steel, ferritic steel and martensitic stainless steel, etc.). After a long period of reciprocating, the heat exchange tube is prone to rupture and other problems. When replacing, the sealing problem of the hydrogen storage cylinder must also be considered, which is inconvenient to operate. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a hydrogen storage device, which provides an independent space for the hydrogen storage material. When heat conduction is required during the hydrogen absorption process of the hydrogen storage material, heat conduction is carried out by circulating gas flow, and then heat exchange treatment is performed externally, thereby avoiding the influence of heat conduction caused by the heat exchange tube in the prior art.

[0006] The hydrogen storage device comprises a tank body, a partition is arranged in the tank body, the partition divides the tank body into two parts, and the partition is provided with a plurality of through holes connecting the upper and lower parts of the tank body; A gas circulation pump is installed on the top of the tank body, the outlet of the gas circulation pump is connected to a hydrogen inlet pipe, the outlet end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is located at the top of the tank body, and the inlet of the gas circulation pump is connected to a circulation pipe, the inlet end of the circulation pipe is located at the bottom of the tank body; The circulation pipe is provided with a heat exchange section, a heat exchange component is arranged on the periphery of the circulation pipe of the heat exchange section, and a hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulation pipe between the heat exchange component and the gas circulation pump; A hydrogen outlet is provided on the top of the tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat exchange component includes a jacket mounted on the outside of the tank body, a closed heat exchange cavity is formed between the jacket and the tank body, a circulation pipe of the heat exchange section is located in the heat exchange cavity, a liquid inlet is installed at the bottom of the jacket, and a liquid outlet is installed at the top of the jacket.

[0008] Furthermore, a one-way valve is installed on the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe so that hydrogen can only be delivered to the gas circulation pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the partitions are composed of a plurality of pieces, all of which are spaced apart and distributed vertically, and each of the partitions is detachably connected to the tank body.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen inlet pipe comprises a hydrogen inlet main pipe, to which a plurality of hydrogen inlet branch pipes are connected, and outlet ends of the hydrogen inlet branch pipes are distributed at intervals on the top of the tank body.

[0011] Furthermore, the circulation pipe includes a circulation main pipe, and a plurality of circulation branch pipes are connected to the inlet end of the circulation main pipe, and the inlet ends of the circulation branch pipes are distributed at intervals at the bottom of the tank body; A section of the circulation main pipe is located in the heat exchange cavity as a heat exchange section, and the outlet end of the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulation main pipe between the heat exchange section and the gas circulation pump.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is a hose.

[0013] Furthermore, each partition is formed by splicing a plurality of sub-panels in a detachable connection manner.

[0014] Furthermore, a hydrogen outlet pipe is installed on the hydrogen outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the tank body is a rectangular box structure, specifically comprising a box body, a box cover is sealed on the top of the box body, and a partition is arranged in the box body.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention mainly utilizes the circulation of gas in the tank body to exchange heat outside the tank body, providing an independent reaction space for the hydrogen storage material, which will not be constrained when absorbing hydrogen and can expand freely. The gas used can be an inert gas or hydrogen itself. Hydrogen has the characteristic of high thermal conductivity (under normal pressure and 20°C environment, the thermal conductivity of air is about 0.0257, while that of hydrogen is about 0.1805). The heat inside the hydrogen storage material is dissipated by allowing the gas to flow, which is more convenient than the heat conduction of the heat exchange tube in the prior art. The present invention adopts a gas circulation pump and supporting pipelines to realize gas flow, carries the hydrogen storage material through a partition, and exchanges heat through a heat exchange component.

[0017] 2. The present invention is preferably designed with a rectangular box structure. When storing, the boxes with a square structure are easier to store side by side, which has a high utilization rate of the storage space and is also convenient for transportation by means of transportation such as forklifts or trucks.

[0018] 3. The present invention has high heat exchange efficiency under the design of the jacket. It mainly utilizes the principle of the heat exchange jacket tank in the existing chemical industry. An external jacket is used on the outside of the tank body. The jacket and the tank body form a heat exchange cavity. When exchanging heat, a heat exchange medium is added to the heat exchange cavity to cool or heat the tank body. It is very convenient to cool or heat, and further provides a good reaction environment for hydrogen storage materials.

[0019] 4. In order to prevent the backflow of the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe, this design designs a one-way valve on the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe.

[0020] 5. The present invention also preferably uses several baffles to effectively prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen storage materials. At the same time, the baffles and the tank body are designed to be detachably connected, which is convenient for replacing the baffles and hydrogen storage materials. Furthermore, several sub-plates are spliced ​​into the baffles, which makes it more convenient to replace the baffles.

[0021] 6. When hydrogen is fed in, multiple hydrogen inlet branch pipes are used to facilitate the contact between hydrogen storage materials at different positions and hydrogen, providing a good hydrogen supply environment for hydrogen storage materials. At the same time, multiple circulation branch pipes are used to facilitate rapid output from all directions when hydrogen or inert gas is discharged. A hose is used as a hydrogen inlet connection pipe to facilitate connection with an external hydrogen supply pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front view structure of Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a top view structure; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line AA; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention after partial section; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure numerals: 1. hydrogen outlet valve; 2. hydrogen outlet pipe; 3. hydrogen inlet branch pipe; 4. hydrogen inlet main pipe; 5. gas circulation pump; 6. one-way valve; 7. hydrogen inlet valve; 8. box cover; 9. jacket; 10. box body; 11. partition; 12. circulation main pipe; 13. circulation branch pipe; 14. hydrogen outlet; 15. liquid outlet; 16. thermometer; 17. pressure gauge; 18. safety valve; 19. liquid inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 The hydrogen storage device described in this embodiment includes a tank body. The tank body structure used in this embodiment is a rectangular box structure as a whole (in practical application, other existing tank bodies can also be used, such as reaction tanks in the chemical industry, etc.). Figure 1 As shown, the rectangular box structure includes a rectangular box body 10, the top of the box body 10 is covered with a box cover 8; a partition 11 is arranged in the box body 10, as an example, Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, three partitions 11 are used to divide the box body 10 into four upper and lower parts (in actual application, the number of partitions 11 can be determined according to the size of the box body 10, and the design of multiple partitions 11 can effectively prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen storage materials), and each partition 11 is provided with a plurality of through holes connecting the upper and lower parts of the box body 10; at the same time, in order to facilitate the removal of the partition 11 from the box body 10, each partition 11 is composed of a plurality of sub-plates connected in a detachable manner, and each partition 11 is also detachably connected to the box body 10, and the detachable connection can be a bolt connection or a snap connection in the prior art.

[0026] When the box cover 8 is actually used, in order to facilitate the removal of the partition 11 from the box body 10, its structure can be determined according to the size of the box body 10. If the volume of the box body 10 is within 1 cubic meter, the box cover 8 with an integral structure can be used, and the sealing cover of the box cover 8 can be buckled on the box body 10, and the box cover 8 and the box body 10 are fixed by bolts at the matching positions of the front, rear, left and right sides, or a movable buckle can be used; when the volume is greater than 1 cubic meter, the box cover 8 adopts a sealed splicing method (preferably a tongue-and-groove matching method for sealed splicing, or an overlap method for sealed splicing), preferably The box cover 8 is divided into two halves, one half of which is sealed and welded to the box body 10, and the other half is used as a movable part, and the sealing cover is buckled on the box body 10 and fixed to the box body 10 by a number of bolts, or a buckle can be used; a manhole for removing the partition 11 can also be set on the box cover 8.

[0027] A gas circulation pump 5 is installed on the top of the box cover 8, and the outlet of the gas circulation pump 5 is connected to a hydrogen inlet pipe. Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the present embodiment adopts four hydrogen inlet branch pipes 3, the air inlet ends of the four hydrogen inlet branch pipes 3 are connected to a hydrogen inlet main pipe 4, and the outlet ends of the hydrogen inlet branch pipes 3 are spaced apart and distributed at the top of the box body 10. The hydrogen inlet branch pipes 3 and the hydrogen inlet main pipe 4 constitute a hydrogen inlet pipe as a whole. In actual application, the hydrogen inlet branch pipes 3 and the hydrogen inlet main pipe 4 are not necessarily connected in the manner shown in the figure. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The connection method between the pipelines can refer to the connection method between the main pipe and the branch pipe in the chemical industry.

[0028] The inlet of the gas circulation pump 5 is connected with a circulation pipe, such as Figure 4 As shown, the circulation pipe in this embodiment includes a circulation main pipe 12, and four circulation branches 13 are connected to the inlet end of the circulation main pipe 12, and the inlet ends of the circulation branches 13 are spaced apart and distributed at the bottom of the box body 10; a section of the circulation main pipe 12 is located in the heat exchange cavity as a heat exchange section, and the outlet end of the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulation main pipe 12 between the heat exchange section and the gas circulation pump 5. Similar to the hydrogen inlet pipe, the circulation main pipe 12 and the circulation branch pipe 13 are not necessarily connected in the manner shown in the figure, and the figure is only a schematic diagram. The connection method between the pipelines can refer to the connection method between the main pipe and the branch pipe in the chemical industry.

[0029] The number of the circulation branch pipe 13 and the hydrogen inlet branch pipe 3 is only for example. In actual design, it can be determined according to the size of the box body 10, as long as it is convenient for the hydrogen storage materials at different positions to contact with the hydrogen.

[0030] The circulation pipe is provided with a heat exchange section, and a heat exchange component is arranged on the periphery of the circulation pipe of the heat exchange section; The heat exchange assembly used in this embodiment includes a jacket 9 sleeved on the outside of the box 10, and a closed heat exchange cavity is formed between the jacket 9 and the box 10. The circulation pipe of the heat exchange section is located in the heat exchange cavity. A liquid inlet 19 is installed at the bottom of the jacket 9, and a liquid outlet 15 is installed at the top of the jacket 9. In actual use, the liquid inlet 19 can also be used as the liquid outlet 15, and the liquid outlet 15 can be used as the liquid inlet 19. In application, other existing heat exchange technologies can also be directly used to exchange heat for the box 10, such as blowing cold air or hot air directly to the outer wall of the box 10.

[0031] Considering that heat exchange generally requires a heat source or a cold source, when this design is used, in order to be used in conjunction, it is preferred to establish a cooling circulation system at the place where hydrogen is absorbed. When hydrogen is absorbed, the cooling medium (usually cooling brine) is injected into the heat exchange chamber through the liquid inlet 19 through the cooling system, and the cooling medium after heat exchange flows back to the cooling system from the liquid outlet 15; similarly, it is preferred to establish a heating circulation system at the place where hydrogen needs to be discharged or on the transport vehicle, and the heating medium (usually steam) is injected into the heat exchange chamber through the liquid inlet 19 through the heating system, and the heating medium after heat exchange flows back to the heating system from the liquid outlet 15. Both the cooling circulation system and the heating circulation system can refer to the technology in the chemical industry. The design of the jacket 9 can refer to the tank or kettle with a jacket in the chemical industry. It is very common in the chemical industry, easy to design, and has a good heat exchange effect. Of course, other existing heat exchange methods can also be used, such as blowing hot air into the heat exchange chamber during heating and blowing cold air into the heat exchange chamber during cooling.

[0032] The circulation pipe between the heat exchange component and the gas circulation pump 5 is connected with a hydrogen inlet connection pipe, such as Figure 2 As shown, a one-way valve 6 is installed on the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe so that hydrogen can only be delivered to the gas circulation pump 5, and a hydrogen inlet valve 7 is installed on the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe at the inlet end of the one-way valve 6. In order to facilitate the connection with the external hydrogen supply pipe, the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is used as a hose in this embodiment, and a quick connector can also be used between the hydrogen inlet end of the hose and the external hydrogen supply pipe. When the specifications are unified, it is more convenient to connect.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen outlet 14 communicating with the inside and outside is provided on the top of the box cover 8 , a hydrogen outlet pipe 2 is installed on the hydrogen outlet 14 , and a hydrogen outlet valve 1 is installed on the hydrogen outlet pipe 2 .

[0034] When absorbing hydrogen, the hydrogen storage material is laid on the partition 11 (if the hydrogen storage material used is granular, it is necessary to use a material with a size larger than the through hole). When laying, it is necessary to reserve expansion space for the hydrogen storage material after absorbing hydrogen, close the hydrogen outlet valve 1, close the hydrogen outlet pipe 2, connect the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe with the external hydrogen supply pipe, open the hydrogen inlet valve 7, start the gas circulation pump 5, and the hydrogen enters the box 10 through the hydrogen inlet main pipe 4 and the hydrogen inlet branch pipe 3 in turn. The future and reactive hydrogen will flow into the circulation main pipe 12 through the circulation branch pipe 13 (considering that the hydrogen storage material may absorb all the hydrogen at the beginning, in order to accelerate the heat dissipation, the box 10 can be filled with inert gas in advance. Of course, only absorbing all the hydrogen is only a theoretical case. When the hydrogen is accelerated under the action of the gas circulation pump 5, the hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction exists), cools down through the heat exchange cavity, and finally merges with the gas inlet connecting pipe and continues to enter the box 10 through the gas circulation pump 5 to participate in the hydrogen storage material absorbing hydrogen.

[0035] When releasing gas, open the hydrogen outlet valve 1, close the hydrogen inlet valve 7, and heat the heat exchange cavity to achieve hydrogen release. If you want to add hydrogen, start the gas circulation pump 5 to accelerate it by circulating hot hydrogen.

[0036] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, in order to facilitate checking of temperature, pressure, etc., a thermometer 16 and a pressure gauge 17 are installed on the top of the box cover 8 in sequence. When the pressure gauge 17 shows that the pressure is too high, the pressure can be reduced by reducing the amount of hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet pipe; when the thermometer 16 is too high, it is necessary to increase the heat exchange rate, such as reducing the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the jacket 9 or increasing the flow rate, etc. This is very common in the chemical industry and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] For safety reasons, a safety valve 18 is installed on the top of the box cover 8 (also called a pressure relief valve in a reaction tank in the chemical industry. When the pressure in the box body 10 is too high, if it is not handled in time, the safety valve 18 will automatically open to relieve the pressure).

[0038] In order to facilitate observation of the hydrogen absorption effect, a window (not shown) is installed on the box body 10, and an observation channel for leakage of the window is designed on the jacket 9.

[0039] Example 3 This embodiment replaces the heat exchange component in the embodiment 1, and adopts a plate heat exchanger in the chemical industry as the heat exchange component, which has the characteristics of high heat exchange efficiency, small heat loss, compact and light structure, small footprint, wide application, long service life, etc. This embodiment is suitable for batch hydrogen storage production.

[0040] The specific technical solution is: a container is formed by using multiple boxes 10, each box 10 is connected in series with a circulation main pipe 12, and a plate heat exchanger is installed on the circulation main pipe 12. The installation method of the plate heat exchanger and the pipeline is very common in the chemical industry, and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] After adopting the technology of forming a container with multiple boxes 10, when in use, a plate heat exchanger and a cold source or heat source matched with the plate heat exchanger can be directly and separately established at the hydrogen storage site and the hydrogen release site, and the cold source or heat source adopts the cooling circulation system and heating circulation system described in Example 1. This design method facilitates the transportation of hydrogen after storage, while reducing unnecessary transportation equipment, and its transportation efficiency is high (compared with Example 1, one box 10 will have one less jacket 9, saving storage space during transportation). After adopting a plate heat exchanger with high heat exchange efficiency, it also further lays a good hydrogen absorption environment for the hydrogen storage material when absorbing hydrogen.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device, comprising a tank body, wherein a partition (11) is arranged in the tank body, and the partition (11) divides the tank body into two upper and lower parts, characterized in that: The partition plate (11) is provided with a plurality of through holes for connecting the upper and lower parts of the tank body; A gas circulation pump (5) is installed on the tank body, the outlet of the gas circulation pump (5) is connected to a hydrogen inlet pipe, the outlet end of the hydrogen inlet pipe is located at the top of the tank body, and the inlet of the gas circulation pump (5) is connected to a circulation pipe, the inlet end of the circulation pipe is located at the bottom of the tank body; The circulation pipe is provided with a heat exchange section, a heat exchange component is arranged on the periphery of the circulation pipe of the heat exchange section, and a hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulation pipe between the heat exchange component and the gas circulation pump (5); A hydrogen outlet (14) is provided on the top of the tank body.

2. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange assembly comprises a jacket (9) sleeved on the outside of a tank body, a closed heat exchange cavity is formed between the jacket (9) and the tank body, a circulation pipe of the heat exchange section is located in the heat exchange cavity, a liquid inlet (19) is installed at the bottom of the jacket (9), and a liquid outlet (15) is installed at the top of the jacket (9).

3. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is provided with a one-way valve (6) which allows hydrogen to be transported only to the gas circulation pump (5).

4. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition plates (11) are composed of a plurality of pieces, all of which are spaced apart and distributed vertically, and each of the partition plates (11) is detachably connected to the tank body (10).

5. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet pipe comprises a hydrogen inlet main pipe (4), to which a plurality of hydrogen inlet branch pipes (3) are connected, and outlet ends of the hydrogen inlet branch pipes (3) are distributed at intervals on the top of the tank body.

6. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circulation pipe comprises a circulation main pipe (12), a plurality of circulation branch pipes (13) are connected to the inlet end of the circulation main pipe (12), and the inlet ends of the circulation branch pipes (13) are distributed at intervals at the bottom of the tank body; A section of the circulation main pipe (12) is located in the heat exchange cavity as a heat exchange section, and the outlet end of the hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is connected to the circulation main pipe (12) between the heat exchange section and the gas circulation pump (5).

7. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet connecting pipe is a hose.

8. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each partition (11) is formed by splicing a plurality of sub-plates in a detachable connection manner.

9. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen outlet (14) is provided with a hydrogen outlet pipe (2).

10. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tank body is in the form of a rectangular box structure, specifically comprising a box body (10), the top of the box body (10) is sealed with a box cover (8), and a partition (11) is arranged inside the box body (10).

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