A test device and method for simulating triggering of submarine landslides by rapid sedimentation

Abstract

The application provides a test device and method for simulating quick deposition triggering submarine landslide, and relates to the field of marine geological disaster simulation. The test device comprises a simulation box, a soil particle release module, a deposition rate measuring module, a contact measuring module and a non-contact measuring module. The soil particle release module adjusts the height of the deposited soil in the soil box through a push rod motor, and controls the suspension amount of the soil particles in the air and the settlement amount of the soil particles in the water through the fan wind speed, so as to realize the uniform distribution and deposition of the sediments on the slope surface, and measure the deposition rate of the sediments in real time. The test device also realizes the cooperative measurement of the lateral displacement of the internal line domain of the sediment layer and the excess pore water pressure. The test device and method can be applied to simulate the submarine slope response process under different deposition environments and sediment mechanical property conditions, so as to study the failure and instability mechanism of submarine landslide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine geological disaster simulation, specifically to an experimental device and method for simulating submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation. Background Technology

[0002] Bottom landslides not only cause significant damage to marine engineering facilities, but the enormous energy they release can also trigger tsunamis, seriously threatening the lives and property of coastal residents.

[0003] In marine environments, when the rate of excess porosity generated by sedimentation exceeds its dissipation rate, excess porosity accumulates, a process known as rapid sedimentation. Rapid sedimentation is one of the most common triggering factors for submarine landslides, which are typically characterized by low angles and large scale. Statistics show that approximately 25% of submarine landslides are directly triggered by rapid sedimentation, and there is further evidence that rapid sedimentation is a prerequisite for many submarine landslides. The northern South China Sea is an important area for my country's oil and gas resource development. Rivers such as the Pearl River, Red River, and Gaopingxi River transport millions of tons of terrigenous debris to the northern South China Sea annually. The rapid deposition of this sediment has led to the development of numerous submarine landslides closely related to rapid sedimentation in the northern South China Sea, seriously threatening the safety of my country's marine engineering construction and subsequent operation in this region. Therefore, observing the evolution process of submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation is of great significance for revealing the mechanical mechanism of rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides and guiding the site selection, construction, and operation of marine engineering projects.

[0004] In-situ observation is the most direct means of revealing the triggering of submarine landslides by rapid sedimentation; however, due to the deep-water environment in which submarine landslides occur, related work is currently lacking. Numerical simulation, as an effective method, has revealed to some extent the contributions of factors such as sedimentation rate, sediment mechanical properties, and slope gradient to the triggering of submarine landslides by rapid sedimentation, but its accuracy still faces significant challenges. The main reasons are: firstly, the accuracy of numerical simulation heavily depends on the selection of the constitutive model, and existing studies all use constitutive models of normally consolidated soils to describe the mechanical properties of underconsolidated strata under rapid sedimentation; secondly, there is a lack of in-situ observation or flume test data to compare and verify the numerical simulation results. Therefore, reconstructing the entire process of submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation using flume models at the laboratory scale has become the primary choice for scientists and engineers. However, current flume model experimental devices for simulating submarine landslides triggered by rapid deposition are limited, and existing flume models all employ a single-point or multi-point funnel arrangement to apply depositional loads by controlling the descent of mud in the funnels, thus simulating the rapid deposition effect, as illustrated in invention patent application number CN201911400359.7. However, such devices and methods cannot achieve uniform deposition of sediments on the slope surface, resulting in uneven application of depositional loads, which is detrimental to controlling the important experimental variable of deposition rate. Furthermore, because the thickness of the sedimentary layer dynamically changes with deposition time, these devices and methods have also failed to achieve coordinated measurement of excess pore pressure accumulation and displacement within the sedimentary layer under rapid deposition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating rapid deposition triggering submarine landslides, including a simulation chamber, a soil particle release module, a deposition rate measurement module, a contact measurement module, and a non-contact measurement module;

[0006] The simulation chamber has a simulated ramp at the bottom and is filled with water.

[0007] The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box, a fan on the soil supply box, a liftable soil holding platform at the bottom of the soil supply box, sedimented soil inside the soil supply box, a lifting drive device at the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the fan is used to blow the sedimented soil at the top of the soil supply box into the simulation box.

[0008] The sedimentation rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter, an underwater turbidity meter, and a soil displacement sensor. The soil displacement sensor is located above the soil supply box, and the air turbidity meter and the underwater turbidity meter are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box. The air turbidity meter and the underwater turbidity meter are located above and inside the water body, respectively.

[0009] The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor and an optical fiber anchor. The pore water pressure sensor is buried on the simulated slope, and the optical fiber anchor is anchored to the bottom of the simulated box.

[0010] The non-contact measurement module includes a camera, which is installed on the side of the test simulation chamber. The camera is used to record images of soil deposition and displacement of the deposition layer in the simulation chamber in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the sedimentary soil comprises one or more of the following three materials: granular montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting drive device includes a push rod motor, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil-holding platform, and the push rod motor is used to adjust the height of the soil-holding platform in the soil supply box, thereby adjusting the height of the upper surface of the deposited soil on the soil-holding platform.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil-holding platform is equipped with lifting rollers on both sides, and the lifting rollers are rotatably connected to the edge of the soil-holding platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil particle release module includes multiple fans arranged side by side.

[0015] The soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator, which is connected to all the fans.

[0016] Furthermore, the non-contact measurement module also includes a conduit fixed to the inner wall of the simulation chamber, which is used to project fluorescent particles onto the surface of the sedimentary soil inside the simulation chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, the non-contact measurement module also includes a laser light source, which is used to illuminate the interior area of ​​the simulation chamber to make the images captured by the camera clear.

[0018] Furthermore, the contact measurement module also includes a pore water pressure transmission line, an optical fiber transmission line, an optical fiber demodulator, and a computer system; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor is rigidly connected to the simulation box; the pore water pressure transmission line is used to connect the computer system and the pore water pressure sensor, and the optical fiber transmission line connects the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator, and the computer system.

[0019] This invention also provides a test method for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslides. The method uses the aforementioned test apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslides and includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Assembly of the test apparatus: Install the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation chamber; install the conduit on the inner side wall of the simulation chamber; pass the upper end of the conduit through the side wall of the simulation chamber; pass the conduit through the opening in the side wall of the simulation chamber and fit it tightly against the side wall; install the fiber optic anchor and pore water pressure sensor at the bottom of the simulation chamber, and connect the fiber optic anchor and fiber optic demodulator using fiber optic transmission lines; fix the camera.

[0021] S2: Prepare the sedimentary soil, place the prepared sedimentary soil into the soil supply box; and inject water into the simulation box to the predetermined position;

[0022] S3: Start-up test: The push rod motor and fan are started. The push rod motor pushes the soil-carrying platform to move at a predetermined speed. The fan blows the exposed sediment on the soil-carrying platform into the simulation box and deposits it into the water in the simulation box. During the sedimentation process, the conduit introduces fluorescent particles into the water in the simulation box. The fluorescent particles are deposited in layers in the sediment at the bottom of the simulation box.

[0023] S4: Data and images are collected; the deposition rate of the soil in the simulation chamber is calculated; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear superpore water pressure inside the soil, and the fiber optic demodulator uses the fiber optic transmission line to obtain the displacement data of the soil; the camera continuously captures images of the deposition area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition images and deposition layer displacement maps in the simulation chamber until the deposition slope in the simulation chamber reaches the failure standard; the experiment ends.

[0024] Further, in step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the sediment in the simulation box is as follows: the mass reduction of the sediment on the soil holding platform is sensed using a soil displacement sensor; the mass of the sediment suspended in the air and the mass of the sediment suspended in the water are detected using an air turbidity meter and an underwater turbidity meter, respectively.

[0025] The amount of soil deposited on the simulated slope is obtained by subtracting the mass of the soil deposited on the measuring platform from the mass of the soil deposited in the air and the mass of the soil deposited in the water.

[0026] By recording the real-time changes in the amount of sediment deposited, the deposition rate of the soil on the simulated slope can be obtained.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the experimental apparatus and method for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides provided by this invention are as follows:

[0028] (1) The experimental device includes a simulation chamber, a soil particle release module, a sedimentation rate measurement module, a contact measurement module, and a non-contact measurement module. The soil particle release module can adjust the height of the sediment in the soil supply box via a push rod motor, and can control the amount of soil particles suspended in the air and the amount of soil particles settling in the water by controlling the fan speed. This not only enables uniform distribution of sediment on the slope, but also allows for control and measurement of the real-time mass sedimentation rate. The experimental device can achieve coordinated measurement of linear displacement and excess pore water pressure within the sediment layer by arranging pore water pressure sensors and fiber optic anchors along the depth direction of the sediment layer.

[0029] (2) Taking into account the dynamic changes in sediment thickness over time, this method employs a layered and step-by-step deployment of fluorescent particles, organically combining PIV technology for real-time measurement of lateral displacement within the sediment layer's internal surface region. This device and method can achieve uniform and precise loading of sedimentary loads in the controlled flume model and accurate measurement of excess pore water pressure and displacement within the sediment layer.

[0030] (3) The experimental device of this invention has a simple structure, clear functions of each module, and is easy to assemble and implement. It is easy to operate. Using this method, real-time coordinated measurement of ultrapore water pressure and displacement within the linear and surface domains of the sedimentary layer can be realized. It can be applied to simulate the response process of the seabed slope under different sedimentary environments and sediment mechanical properties, thereby studying the failure and instability mechanism of seabed landslides. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil particle release module of an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the fiber optic anchor and pore water pressure sensor of an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the release structure of fluorescent particles in an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the above diagram: 1. Wind speed regulator; 2. Fan; 3. Fan mounting box; 4. Soil supply box; 5. Simulation box; 6. Turbidity meter in water; 7. Fiber optic anchor; 8. Pore water pressure sensor; 9. Camera; 10. Fiber optic demodulator; 11. Pore water pressure data acquisition instrument; 12. Fiber optic transmission line; 13. Pore water pressure transmission line; 14. Simulated slope; 15. Laser light source; 16. Soil displacement sensor; 17. Lifting roller; 18. Push rod motor; 19. Soil holding platform; 20. Computer system; 21. Conduit; 22. Fluorescent particles; 23. Air turbidity meter. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4The present invention provides an experimental device for simulating rapid deposition triggering submarine landslides, comprising a simulation chamber 5, a soil particle release module, a deposition rate measurement module, a contact measurement module, and a non-contact measurement module.

[0038] The simulation chamber 5 is equipped with a simulated ramp 14 at the bottom, which is used to simulate the uneven and hard support surface of the seabed. The simulation chamber 5 is filled with water, which is seawater or water with similar composition to seawater.

[0039] The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box 4 with an opening at the top. A fan 2 is mounted on the soil supply box 4 and installed at the opening via a fan mounting box 3. A liftable soil-holding platform 19 is located at the bottom of the soil supply box 4. The soil supply box 4 contains deposited soil, which is fine-grained. A lifting drive device is located at the bottom of the soil-holding platform 19. This device adjusts the exposed thickness of the deposited soil on the platform 19 (the thickness exposed above the opening of the soil supply box 4). The fan 2 blows the deposited soil from the top of the soil supply box 4 into the simulation box 5. The lifting drive device and the fan 2 work together to adjust the speed at which the deposited soil enters the simulation box 5. In this embodiment, the lifting drive device drives the soil-holding platform 19 upwards, ensuring that the exposed soil thickness remains at a set value, facilitating control of the amount of deposited soil. The soil particle release module uses a fan 2 to blow out the deposited soil, which can disperse the deposited soil evenly, thereby achieving uniform distribution of the deposited soil on the simulated slope, and thus obtaining the deposited slope formed by the deposition.

[0040] The deposition rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter 23, a water turbidity meter 6, and a soil displacement sensor 16. The soil displacement sensor 16 is located above the soil supply box 4 and is used to sense the exposed thickness of the soil in the soil supply box 4. In this embodiment, the soil displacement sensor 16 is a laser displacement sensor. The air turbidity meter 23 and the water turbidity meter 6 are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box 5, and are located above and inside the water body, respectively. Since the density of the deposited soil is fixed, the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil supply box 4, the volume of the water body, and the volume of the simulation box 5 are fixed. The soil displacement sensor 16 can measure the thickness of the soil on the soil-filling platform 19. The exposed thickness of the sedimentary soil is used to obtain the mass reduction of the sedimentary soil on the soil-bearing platform 19. Therefore, the soil displacement sensor 16 can measure the mass reduction of the sedimentary soil on the soil-bearing platform 19. The air turbidity meter 23 and the water turbidity meter 6 can respectively detect the mass of the sedimentary soil suspended in the air and the mass of the sedimentary soil suspended in the water. The amount of sedimentary soil on the simulated slope 14 can be measured in real time by subtracting the mass of the sedimentary soil suspended in the air and the mass of the sedimentary soil suspended in the water from the mass reduction of the sedimentary soil on the soil-bearing platform 19. The change in the amount of sedimentary soil can be recorded to measure the sedimentation rate of the sedimentary soil in the water in the simulated tank 5 in real time.

[0041] The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor 8 and an optical fiber anchor 7. The pore water pressure sensor 8 is buried on the simulated slope 14, and the optical fiber anchor 7 is anchored to the bottom of the simulation box 5. The pore water pressure sensor 8 and the optical fiber anchor 7 are used to sense the linear superpore pressure and displacement inside the deposited soil on the simulated slope 14, respectively.

[0042] The non-contact measurement module includes a camera 9, which is installed on the side of the test simulation chamber 5. The camera 9 is used to record in real time the soil deposition images and deposition layer displacement diagrams inside the simulation chamber 5.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the sedimentary soil includes one or more of granular montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. It is understood that the sedimentary soil includes, but is not limited to, the above-mentioned components, and the specific components of the sedimentary soil can be proportioned according to actual needs.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the lifting drive device includes a push rod motor 18, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor 18 is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil holding platform 19, and the push rod motor 18 is used to adjust the height of the soil holding platform 19 in the soil supply box 4, thereby adjusting the height of the upper surface of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, lifting rollers 17 are provided on both sides of the soil-holding platform 19. The lifting rollers 17 are rotatably connected to the edge of the soil-holding platform 19 and are used to reduce the friction when the soil-holding platform 19 is raised or lowered.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the soil particle release module includes multiple fans arranged in parallel; the soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator 1, which is connected to all the fans.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the non-contact measurement module further includes a conduit 21 fixed to the inner wall of the simulation chamber 5. The conduit 21 is used to release fluorescent particles 22 onto the surface of the deposited soil within the simulation chamber 5. The fluorescent particles 22 are released at fixed time intervals, and the release of fluorescent particles 22 can identify the layers of the deposited soil, thereby enabling the images captured by the camera to clearly show the soil deposition process and the displacement process of the sedimentary layers.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the non-contact measurement module further includes a laser light source 15, which is used to illuminate the interior area of ​​the simulation box 5 so that the images captured by the camera 9 are clear.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the contact measurement module further includes an optical fiber transmission line 12, a pore water pressure transmission line 13, a pore water pressure data acquisition instrument 11, an optical fiber demodulator 10, and a computer system 20; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor 7 is rigidly connected to the simulation box 5; the pore water pressure transmission line 13 is used to connect the computer system 20, the pore water pressure sensor 8, and the pore water pressure data acquisition instrument 11, and the optical fiber transmission line 12 is used to connect the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator 10, and the computer system 20.

[0050] The present invention also provides an experimental method for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides. This method uses the aforementioned experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides and includes the following steps:

[0051] S1: Assembly of the test apparatus: Install the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation chamber 5; install the conduit 21 on the inner side wall of the simulation chamber; pass the upper end of the conduit 21 through the side wall of the simulation chamber 5; pass the conduit 21 through the opening in the side wall of the simulation chamber 5 and fit it tightly against the side wall; install the fiber optic anchor 7 and the pore water pressure sensor 8 at the bottom of the simulation chamber, and connect the fiber optic anchor 7 and the fiber optic demodulator 10 using the fiber optic transmission line 12; fix the camera 9 and use the camera 9 to acquire the initial image inside the simulation chamber 5;

[0052] S2: Prepare the sedimentary soil and place it into the soil supply box 4; and inject water into the simulation box 5 to the predetermined position;

[0053] S3: Start test: The push rod motor 18 and the fan are started. The push rod motor 18 pushes the soil-holding platform 19 to move upward at a predetermined speed. The fan blows the exposed sediment on the soil-holding platform 19 into the simulation box 5 and deposits it into the water in the simulation box 5. During the sedimentation process, the conduit 21 introduces fluorescent particles 22 into the water in the simulation box 5. The fluorescent particles 22 are deposited in layers in the sediment at the bottom of the simulation box 5.

[0054] S4: Collect data and images; calculate the mass deposition rate of the soil in simulation chamber 5; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear superpore pressure inside the soil; the fiber optic demodulator 10 uses the fiber optic transmission line 12 to acquire the displacement data of the soil; the camera 9 continuously captures images of the deposition area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition images and deposition layer displacement maps in simulation chamber 5 until the deposition slope in simulation chamber 5 reaches the failure standard; the experiment ends.

[0055] In step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the sediment in the simulation box 5 is as follows: the mass reduction of the sediment on the soil holding platform 19 is sensed by the soil displacement sensor 16; the mass of the sediment suspended in the air and the mass of the sediment suspended in the water are detected by the air turbidity meter and the water turbidity meter, respectively.

[0056] The amount of soil deposited on the simulated slope 14 is obtained by subtracting the mass of the reduced sedimentary soil from the mass of the suspended sedimentary soil in the air and the mass of the suspended sedimentary soil in the water.

[0057] Record the real-time changes in the amount of sediment deposited, and thus obtain the sedimentation rate of the soil on the simulated slope 14.

[0058] In the preferred embodiment, the directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the location of the components in the drawings and their relative positions to each other, merely for the purpose of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0059] Where there is no conflict, the above embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation, characterized in that, It includes a simulation chamber, a soil particle release module, a deposition rate measurement module, a contact measurement module, and a non-contact measurement module; The simulation chamber has a simulated ramp at the bottom and is filled with water. The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box, a fan on the soil supply box, a liftable soil holding platform at the bottom of the soil supply box, sedimented soil inside the soil supply box, a lifting drive device at the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the fan is used to blow the sedimented soil at the top of the soil supply box into the simulation box. The sedimentation rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter, an underwater turbidity meter, and a soil displacement sensor. The soil displacement sensor is located above the soil supply box, and the air turbidity meter and the underwater turbidity meter are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box. The air turbidity meter and the underwater turbidity meter are located above and inside the water body, respectively. The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor and an optical fiber anchor. The pore water pressure sensor is buried on the simulated slope, and the optical fiber anchor is anchored to the bottom of the simulated box. The non-contact measurement module includes a camera, which is installed on the side of the test simulation chamber. The camera is used to record images of soil deposition and displacement of the deposition layer in the simulation chamber in real time.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The sedimentary soil includes one or more of the following three materials: granular montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The lifting drive device includes a push rod motor, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil-holding platform, and the push rod motor is used to adjust the height of the soil-holding platform in the soil supply box, thereby adjusting the exposed height of the deposited soil on the soil-holding platform.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The soil-holding platform is equipped with lifting rollers on both sides, and the lifting rollers are rotatably connected to the edge of the soil-holding platform.

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The soil particle release module includes multiple fans arranged side by side. The soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator, which is connected to all the fans.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The non-contact measurement module also includes a conduit fixed to the inner wall of the simulation chamber, which is used to project fluorescent particles onto the surface of the sedimentary soil inside the simulation chamber.

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The non-contact measurement module also includes a laser light source, which is used to illuminate the interior area of ​​the simulation chamber to make the images captured by the camera clear.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 1; characterized in that, The contact measurement module also includes a pore water pressure transmission line, an optical fiber transmission line, an optical fiber demodulator, and a computer system; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor is rigidly connected to the simulation box; the pore water pressure transmission line is used to connect the computer system and the pore water pressure sensor, and the optical fiber transmission line connects the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator, and the computer system.

9. A test method for simulating submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation; characterized in that, This method uses the experimental apparatus for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides as described in any one of claims 1-8, and the method includes the following steps: S1: Assembly of the test apparatus: Install the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation chamber; install the conduit on the inner side wall of the simulation chamber; pass the upper end of the conduit through the side wall of the simulation chamber; pass the conduit through the opening in the side wall of the simulation chamber and fit it tightly against the side wall; install the fiber optic anchor and pore water pressure sensor at the bottom of the simulation chamber, and connect the fiber optic anchor and fiber optic demodulator using fiber optic transmission lines; fix the camera. S2: Prepare the sedimentary soil and place the prepared sedimentary soil into the soil supply box; Water was then injected into the simulation chamber to the predetermined position. S3: Start-up test: The push rod motor and fan are started. The push rod motor pushes the soil-carrying platform to move at a predetermined speed. The fan blows the exposed sediment on the soil-carrying platform into the simulation box and deposits it into the water in the simulation box. During the sedimentation process, the conduit introduces fluorescent particles into the water in the simulation box. The fluorescent particles are deposited in layers in the sediment at the bottom of the simulation box. S4: Data and images are collected; the deposition rate of the soil in the simulation chamber is calculated; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear superpore water pressure inside the soil, and the fiber optic demodulator uses the fiber optic transmission line to obtain the displacement data of the soil; the camera continuously captures images of the deposition area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition images and deposition layer displacement maps in the simulation chamber until the deposition slope in the simulation chamber reaches the failure standard; the experiment ends.

10. The experimental method for simulating rapid sedimentation-triggered submarine landslides according to claim 9; characterized in that, In step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the sediment in the simulation box is as follows: the mass reduction of the sediment on the soil holding platform is sensed using a soil displacement sensor; the mass of the sediment suspended in the air and the mass of the sediment suspended in the water are detected using an air turbidity meter and an underwater turbidity meter, respectively. The mass of the reduced sediment on the platform is subtracted from the mass of the sediment suspended in the air and the mass of the sediment suspended in the water to obtain the simulated sediment deposition on the slope. By recording the real-time changes in the amount of sediment deposited, the deposition rate of the soil on the simulated slope can be obtained.

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