Display system including pixelated color conversion module

Abstract

A display system may include a light source emitting input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range; and a color conversion cell array overlapping the display area. A first set of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells may include a first color conversion medium that converts the input light to light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range that is different from the source wavelength range. The display system may also include a waveguide having a decoupler that directs the input light from the light source toward the array of color conversion cells. Various other devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 404,536, filed on September 7, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] The accompanying drawings illustrate several exemplary embodiments and are a part of this specification. Together with the following description, these drawings demonstrate and explain various principles of the present disclosure.

[0003] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system in accordance with some embodiments.

[0004] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0005] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0006] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0007] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0008] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0009] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary display system according to various embodiments.

[0010] Fig. 8A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary total internal reflection concentrator unit for a display system according to various embodiments.

[0011] Figure 8B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary total internal reflection concentrator unit for display system m according to various embodiments.

[0012] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of an exemplary method for operating a display system according to some embodiments.

[0013] Fig.10 is an illustration of exemplary augmented reality glasses that may be used in conjunction with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] Fig.11 is an illustration of an exemplary virtual reality headset that can be used in conjunction with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] In all drawings, the same reference numerals and descriptions indicate similar but not necessarily identical elements. Although the example embodiments described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a plurality of specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, the example embodiments described herein are not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed. Rather, the present disclosure encompasses all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Lasers can be used as light sources for display panels because they provide high brightness, high directivity, and a larger color gamut compared to traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), micro-LEDs, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and other light sources. Reflective display panels are common key components of display engines. Reflective display panels may include, for example, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) displays, ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (FLCOS) displays, dot matrix displays (DMD), reflective thin film transistors (TFT) displays, and the like. Light may be transmitted to the reflective display panel using a front light unit (FLU). Conventional FLUs may include a beam splitter to separate the incident beam and the modulated output beam, which is usually bulky. Another common configuration may use an oblique incident angle to separate the incident beam and the output beam from the display panel, but it also takes up a lot of space. In addition, when separating the R / G / B light sources, a color combiner (e.g., X-prism) is usually used, which may take up additional space and weight. And the dispersion characteristics of some optical devices may further lead to angular separation of different colors. Augmented-Reality (AR) waveguides with surface relief grating (SRG), volume Bragg grating (VBG), polarization volume hologram or geometrical waveguide (WG) have recently been proposed to form a compact FLU. Therefore, a compact and efficient FLU architecture is highly desired.

[0017] The present disclosure generally relates to display and lighting systems, devices and methods including waveguides with front light units (FLUs) that use one or more light sources and pixelated color conversion modules to produce multiple colors (e.g., red, green, and blue) for display panels. The light intensity of each pixel can be controlled by an integrated display panel (LCOS, FLCOS, TFT, etc.). The disclosed system may include a light source, such as one or more pump light sources, a light distribution module, one or more color conversion modules, and a pixelated display engine. The integration of the pixelated color conversion module and the backplane of the display panel can greatly reduce the size and system assembly complexity.

[0018] According to the general principles described herein, the features of any of the embodiments described herein can be used in combination with each other. These and other embodiments, features and advantages will be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.

[0019] The following will refer to Figures 1 to 11 Provides a detailed description of a display system and methods of making and using the same. Figures 1 to 9 The associated discussion relates to the architecture, operation, and manufacture of various example display systems and display devices. Fig.10 and Fig.11 The associated discussion relates to exemplary virtual reality devices and augmented reality devices that may include the display systems and display devices disclosed herein.

[0020] Figures 1 to 7 An exemplary display system according to various embodiments is shown. Figure 1 A display system 100 is shown that can be used in a front light unit of a display panel. The display system 100 can use a colored light source, such as a blue light source, an ultraviolet (UV) light source, a near infrared (NIR) light source, and / or any other suitable color or wavelength light source. As shown, input blue light 124 can be received at an input coupler 122 of a waveguide 120 and can be output toward a color conversion / reflection region via an outcoupler 126 of the waveguide 120. As shown, the waveguide 120 can overlap with a display region 101 of the display system 100.

[0021] In some embodiments, the input blue light can be directly used for the blue pixels / sub-pixels of the display. For non-blue pixels (e.g., red pixels and green pixels), the input blue light can be directed from the coupler 126 through a color conversion medium to convert the light into the desired corresponding color. Therefore, blue light can be used to produce red / green (R / G) light, and blue light can be generalized to produce any multiple color sets. "Pixel" as used herein may refer to a single pixel, a sub-pixel, a pixel group (e.g., a group of RGB, RGBW, etc. sub-pixels that together form a pixel) or other pixel units. The display configurations shown herein may use a variety of suitable light guides and coupling mechanisms.

[0022] In at least one embodiment, the outcoupled light 141 (e.g., blue light) from the outcoupler 126 can be transmitted to the color conversion unit 111, where the outcoupled light is converted into light of other suitable colors (e.g., red, green, etc.). In some examples, the color conversion units 111 can be arranged to overlap with corresponding pixels, where each color conversion unit 111 provides light for a corresponding color pixel of the display panel. In some examples, the outcoupled light 141 can pass through an array of micro-focusing elements 128 (e.g., a lens array), each micro-focusing element focusing a portion of the outcoupled light 141 toward the corresponding color conversion unit 111.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the outcoupled light 141 can be guided to the color conversion units 111, respectively, and these color conversion units include a first color conversion unit 111A, a second color conversion unit 111B, and a third color conversion unit 111C. Each of the first color conversion unit 111A, the second color conversion unit 111B, and the third color conversion unit 111C can correspond to a different color. For example, the first color conversion unit 111A can convert the input blue light into red light, the second color conversion unit 111B can convert the input blue light into green light, and the third color conversion unit 111C can reflect the input blue light, so that blue light is emitted from the third color conversion unit 111C.

[0024] In some embodiments, the display system 100 may further include a light modulation layer 116, which includes a liquid crystal layer and / or other suitable light modulation medium. The light modulation layer 116 (e.g., a liquid crystal layer) may be disposed between the common electrode 118 and the array of pixel electrodes 114 to block or allow light to pass through corresponding pixel areas of the display system 100. For example, the pixel electrodes 114 may be controlled by control electronics that selectively apply various levels of voltages to the respective pixel electrodes to produce an image with colored light from the color conversion unit 111. Thus, light may be shielded by the light modulation layer 116 to a desired degree at each pixel of the display system 100, so that a desired amount of light enters each color conversion unit 111 on a pixel-by-pixel basis and is emitted by each color conversion unit. Thus, the light modulation layer 116 may enable a desired image to be formed on a display screen of the display system 100.

[0025] The color conversion units 111 (e.g., the first color conversion unit 111A and the second color conversion unit 111B) for converting light into other colors may each include a color conversion material or a combination of multiple color conversion materials, and the color conversion material may absorb light within a specific wavelength range and emit light within a desired wavelength range. Such color conversion materials may include, for example, quantum dot materials, fluorescent materials, quantum well materials, semiconductor nanowire materials, and / or any other suitable color conversion materials.

[0026] In some embodiments, each of the color conversion cells 111 may also include one or more of the following: (1) a high reflective / partial reflective (HR / PR) film stack to form a resonant cavity for pump light (e.g., blue light, UV, NIR, etc.) to enhance absorption and thus improve conversion efficiency, (2) a HR / PR film stack to form a resonant cavity for the converted light to better control its spectral and angular distribution; and (3) a polarizer (e.g., wire grid, particles, multi-stack polarizer, reflective polarizer, etc.). In at least one example, a reflective polarizer can be used with a wave plate and a reflective coating to recycle color converted light with an unwanted polarization state, thereby improving overall light extraction efficiency.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, outcoupled light 141 may enter the color conversion unit 111. Each first color conversion unit 111A may include a first color conversion medium 110A, and each second color conversion unit 111B may include a second color conversion medium 110B. Outcoupled light 141 (e.g., blue light, UV, NIR, etc.) passing through the first color conversion unit 111A and the second color conversion unit 111B may be converted into a corresponding color. In the example shown, the outcoupled light 141 may include one or more blue wavelengths of light. At least some pixels / sub-pixels of the display system 100 may overlap with the color conversion unit 111C, so that the blue light passes through without undergoing a wavelength change. Therefore, the blue light in these pixel regions may pass through the color conversion unit 111C and be emitted as blue light in those pixel regions. The blue light entering the first color conversion unit 111A may be converted into one or more other wavelengths, such as light in the red wavelength range, by the first color conversion medium 110A. The blue light entering the second color conversion unit 111B may be converted into additional one or more wavelengths, such as light in the green wavelength range, by the second color conversion medium 110B.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, during the initial pass, at least a certain amount of blue light may pass through the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B without being converted. According to some examples, the light may be internally reflected within the first color conversion unit 111A and the second color conversion unit 111B to increase the amount of converted light. For example, Figure 1 As shown, the color conversion unit 111 may also include a first reflective stack 106 and a second reflective stack 108 overlapping the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B, wherein the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium are disposed between the first reflective stack 106 and the second reflective stack 108. In at least one embodiment, the first reflective stack 106 may be disposed on a side closest to the substrate 102, and the second reflective stack 108 may be disposed on an opposite side closest to the coupler 126. The first reflective stack 106 and the second reflective stack 108 may, for example, together form a resonant cavity that includes the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B. In some examples, the first reflective stack 106 may be disposed on a reflective surface 109 that reflects any light that passes through the first reflective stack 106. For example, the first stack 106 and the second stack 108 may each include a multilayer stack of alternating high refractive index films and low refractive index films.

[0029] In this example, the first reflective stack 106 and the second reflective stack 108 can selectively reflect light within the resonant cavity of the color conversion unit 111 to improve the conversion efficiency of blue light to green light and / or red light. For example, the second reflective stack 108 can be partially reflective for blue light so that a significant proportion of the outcoupled blue light can enter the resonant cavity. The first reflective stack 106 can be highly reflective with respect to a wide range of wavelengths (e.g., all or most visible light wavelengths including red light, green light, and blue light). Therefore, substantially all blue light that passes through the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B without conversion can be retroreflected as reflected blue light 140 toward the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B and the second reflective stack 108. Subsequently, the second reflective stack 108 can retroreflect a significant proportion of the recycled blue light again through the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B, wherein the additional blue light is converted to green light and red light. Thus, additional blue light may be recovered within the first color conversion medium 110A and the second color conversion medium 110B and converted into green light and red light. The red light and green light may also be reflected by the first reflective stack 106 as reflected red light 142A and reflected green light 142B, such that light of these colors is directed back from the color conversion cell 111 toward the display area of ​​the display system 100. Light of red wavelengths and light of green wavelengths may efficiently pass through the second reflective stack 108 in each of the color conversion cells 111 because the second reflective stack 108 selectively reflects primarily light of blue wavelengths. Blue light entering the color conversion cell 111C may remain unconverted and may be reflected by the first reflective stack 106 and / or the second reflective stack 108 as reflected blue light 142C, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 shown.

[0030] In some examples, the display system 100 may also include one or more polarizers (e.g., a reflective polarizer, an absorptive polarizer, and / or any other suitable type of polarizer) that allow light having a selected polarization state to pass through and / or reflect and recycle light that does not have a selected polarization state within the color conversion unit 111. For example, the display system 100 may include a polarizer 119 and / or a polarizer 112 disposed on opposite sides of the modulation medium. The polarizers 112 and / or 119 may include any suitable type of polarizer, such as a wire grid polarizer, a multi-stack polarizer, and / or a reflective polarizer. Light having an undesirable polarization state may be returned to the color conversion unit 111, where the light is internally reflected until the light is in a desired polarization state. In at least one example, the polarizer 112 may include multiple layered polarizers (e.g., a reflective polarizer below an absorptive polarizer) to achieve better light recycling and conversion efficiency to produce light having a desired polarization state.

[0031] Then, the light output from the color conversion unit 111 and passing through the polarizers 112 and 119 may be directed toward the corresponding pixel area of ​​the color filter layer 130. The color filter layer 130 may filter out light of unwanted wavelengths (e.g., blue light) in various pixels, thereby emitting only desired colors or mainly desired colors from the corresponding pixels. The color filter layer 130 may, for example, include a first color filter 131A, a second color filter 131B, and a third color filter 131C that overlap the first color conversion unit 111A, the second color conversion unit 111B, and the third color conversion unit 111C, respectively. In at least one example, a first output light 146A (e.g., red light) may be emitted from the first color filter 131A, a second output light 146B (e.g., green light) may be emitted from the second color filter 131B, and a third output light 146C (e.g., blue light) may be emitted from the third color filter 131C. In some examples, light emitted from color filter layer 130 may additionally pass through optional polarizer 132 before exiting display system 100 .

[0032] Figure 2 2 shows a display system 200 according to some embodiments. As shown, the display system 200 includes a second reflective stack 208. Figure 1 Compared to the second reflective stack 108 of the display system 100 in FIG. 1 (which is partially reflective relative to the incident pump light (e.g., blue light, UV light, NIR light, etc.) output from the coupler 126), Figure 2The second reflective stack 208 in the color conversion unit 211 is partially reflective with respect to all or most of the visible light spectrum (including red wavelength light, green wavelength light, and blue wavelength light). Therefore, the pump light (e.g., blue wavelength light) converted into light of other colors (e.g., red light and green light) can be recycled in the corresponding resonant cavity of the color conversion unit 211 before emission. Such a resonant cavity can therefore achieve further control of the spectral distribution and angular distribution of the converted light and the emitted pump light. Additionally, in some examples, the color conversion unit 211 can form an optical pump laser for using the pump light to obtain light with a converted color.

[0033] Figure 3 A display system 300 is shown in accordance with some embodiments. This configuration uses, for example, pump light of a non-blue and / or substantially invisible color (e.g., UV light, NIR light, etc.). Because light of a display color (e.g., blue) is not used as pump light, three color conversion media can be used to create the desired red, green, and blue (R / G / B) and / or any other desired colors for display. In some examples, the color conversion media can be used additionally or alternatively (e.g., in Figure 4 In the four-color pixel display shown), white light is generated for some of the additional pixels.

[0034] In at least one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, input UV light 324 can be received at the input coupler 122 of the waveguide 120, and can be outputted as outcoupled UV light 341 toward the color conversion units 311 via the outcoupler 126, and these color conversion units include a first color conversion unit 311A, a second color conversion unit 311B, and a third color conversion unit 311C. Each of the first color conversion unit 311A, the second color conversion unit 311B, and the third color conversion unit 111C can correspond to a different color, respectively. For example, the first color conversion unit 311A ​​can convert the input UV light into red light, the second color conversion unit 311B can convert the input UV light into green light, and the third color conversion unit 311C can convert the input UV light into blue light.

[0035] like Figure 3As shown, the outcoupled light 341 may enter the color conversion unit 311. Each first color conversion unit 311A ​​may include a first color conversion medium 310A, each second color conversion unit 311B may include a second color conversion medium 310B, and each third color conversion unit 311C may include a third color conversion medium 310C. The outcoupled light 341 (e.g., UV, NIR, etc. pump light) passing through the color conversion unit 311 may be converted into a corresponding color. In the example shown, the outcoupled light 341 may include one or more UV wavelengths of light. The pump light (e.g., UV light) entering the first color conversion unit 311A ​​may be converted into one or more other wavelengths, such as light in the red wavelength range, by the first color conversion medium 310A. The pump light entering the second color conversion unit 311B may be converted into one or more additional wavelengths, such as light in the green wavelength range, by the second color conversion medium 310B. In addition, the pump light entering the third color conversion unit 311C may be converted into one or more additional wavelengths, such as light in the blue wavelength range, by the third color conversion medium 310B. The first reflective stack 306 and the second reflective stack 308 can selectively reflect light within the resonant cavity of the color conversion unit 311 to improve the conversion efficiency of UV light to green light, red light and / or blue light. For example, the second reflective stack 308 can be partially reflective for UV light so that a significant proportion of the outcoupled UV light can enter the resonant cavity. The first reflective stack 306 can be highly reflective with respect to all or most of the red light, green light, blue light, and pump light (e.g., UV light). Therefore, substantially all of the UV light that passes through the first color conversion medium 110A, the second color conversion medium 110B, and the third color conversion medium 110C without conversion can be reflected back toward the first color conversion medium 310A and the second color conversion medium 310B and the second reflective stack 308 as reflected UV light 340.

[0036] Figure 4 A display system 400 is shown according to some embodiments. Figure 4 In the example shown, the display system 400 can use additional color conversion units so that four color conversion media are used to convert pump light (e.g., UV light) into light that displays four separate colors, such as red, green, blue, and white (R / G / B / W). This configuration can also be generalized to generate any multiple color sets.

[0037] like Figure 4As shown, the outcoupled light 341 may enter the color conversion unit 411. Each first color conversion unit 311A ​​may include a first color conversion medium 310A, each second color conversion unit 311B may include a second color conversion medium 310B, and each third color conversion unit 311C may include a third color conversion medium 310C, for example, Figure 3 As shown. Additionally, the color conversion unit 411 may further include a fourth color conversion unit 411D, which includes a fourth color conversion medium 410D. The pump light (e.g., UV light) entering the fourth color conversion unit 411D may be converted into one or more other wavelengths, such as light including a visible wavelength range (e.g., white light 442D) by the fourth color conversion medium 410D. In at least one example, a fourth output light 446D, such as white light from the fourth color conversion unit 411D, may be emitted from the fourth color filter 431D.

[0038] Figure 5 A display system 500 is shown according to some embodiments. The configuration is a display system (e.g., see Figure 1 An example of a display system 100 in FIG. 5 is provided, in which the system uses a geometric waveguide outcoupling prism and a reflective polarizer. Polarization recycling can be achieved using a reflective polarizer and some wave plates to improve light extraction efficiency. For example, the display system 500 may include a waveguide 520 having an input coupler 522 and an outcoupler 526. According to at least one example, the outcoupler 526 may include a geometric waveguide outcoupling prism. Additionally or alternatively, the waveguide 520 may include, for example, a volume Bragg grating input coupler 522 and / or an outcoupler 526. A reflective polarizer 536 may be disposed at or near the output surface of the outcoupler 526 so that light from the outcoupler 526 that is not in the desired polarization state can be reflected and recycled to improve the efficiency of emitting light having the desired polarization state.

[0039] Figure 6 A display system 600 according to some embodiments is shown. As shown, the configuration adds a high reflectance (HR) stack to the pump light (e.g., blue light) to improve light efficiency. As shown, compared to the previously described display, the display system 600 includes a third reflective stack 650 that is highly reflective relative to the incident pump light (e.g., blue light, UV light, NIR light, etc.). Therefore, the pump light reaching the third reflective stack 650 can be reflected back toward the color conversion unit 111, and can be further recycled and converted into light of a desired color (e.g., red light and green light).

[0040] Figure 7A display system 700 according to some embodiments is shown. As shown, the configuration adds a lens array (i.e., micro-focusing element) to focus light onto the wavelength conversion layer to improve collection efficiency. In at least one example, the display system 700 may include color conversion cells 711, each color conversion cell including a micro-focusing element 754 (e.g., a micro-lens) that focuses light onto a corresponding color conversion medium (e.g., a first color conversion medium 710A of a first color conversion cell 711A and a second color conversion medium 710B of a second color conversion cell 711B). The micro-focusing element 754 may also focus light (e.g., blue light) within a third color conversion cell 711C, which may not include a color conversion medium. In addition to the configuration shown, such micro-focusing elements may also be used with other one or more light sources (e.g., UV, NIR) and produce light of other colors (R / G / B, R / G / B / W, etc.).

[0041] Fig. 8A and Figure 8B An exemplary total internal reflection (TIR) ​​concentrator unit that can be used in the display system disclosed herein is shown. Fig. 8A As shown, the TIR concentrator unit 800 may include a TIR concentrator 854 that directs light toward a wavelength converter 852, which may include a color conversion medium according to any of the examples described herein. A back reflector 850 may be disposed on the opposite side of the wavelength converter 852 to reflect light back toward the wavelength converter 852 to output and / or recycle the light. Figure 8B As shown, the TIR concentrator unit 810 may include a TIR concentrator 864 that directs light toward a wavelength converter 862. A back reflector 860 (e.g., a reflective layer) may be disposed on the opposite side of the wavelength converter 862 to reflect light back toward the wavelength converter 862 to output and / or recycle the light. The illustrated TIR concentrator units 800 and 810 may be used in any of the display systems described herein to provide more efficient wavelength conversion in a color conversion unit of the display system. In some examples, the TIR concentrator may be used in conjunction with a geometric lens to enhance the collection of converted light.

[0042] The light sources used in the disclosed embodiments may include one or more colors / wavelengths from one or more (pump) light sources: 1) lasers, such as vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), edge emitting lasers (EELs), fiber lasers, diode lasers; 2) light emitting diodes (LEDs), superluminescent diodes (SLEDs) and / or organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs); and / or 3) nonlinear conversion light sources, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), third-harmonic generation (THG), four-wave mixing (FWM), etc.

[0043] As described herein, light transmission can be achieved through one or a combination of the following types of waveguides: 1) thick waveguide slabs (layered media with different intrinsic or effective optical refractive indices); 2) single-mode or few-mode waveguide slabs; 3) single-mode or few-mode waveguide arrays (each waveguide transmits light into a column).

[0044] The disclosed coupling-in / out coupling mechanism may include one or more of the following: 1) geometric waveguide coupler; 2) surface relief grating; 3) volume Bragg grating; 4) PVH and / or holographic optical element (HOE), and / or metamaterial.

[0045] As described herein, the color conversion module may include a color conversion material or a combination of multiple color conversion materials that can absorb light in a specific wavelength range and emit light in a desired wavelength range, such as quantum dots, fluorescent materials, quantum wells, semiconductor nanowires, etc. The color conversion module may also include a high reflective / partially reflective (HR / PR) film stack to form a resonant cavity for pump (blue) light to enhance absorption and thereby improve conversion efficiency. The HR / PR film stack may also form a resonant cavity for the converted light to control its spectral distribution and angular distribution. In some examples, the color conversion module may include a polarizer (e.g., wire grid, particles, multi-stack polarizers, reflective polarizers, etc.). A reflective polarizer used with a wave plate and a reflective coating can recycle color-converted light in an unwanted polarization, thereby improving light extraction efficiency.

[0046] The disclosed light modulation module can be used with various reflective display systems (including, for example, LCOS, FCOS, TFT-LC, polymer-based electro-optical devices (Electro-Optic, EO) and display panels based on organic semiconductor materials). In a pixelated display panel, each pixel can include one or a combination of the following light modulation mechanisms: 1) an active optical material (e.g., EO polymer, organic semiconductor material, EO material, 2D material, ITO) whose optical response can be changed by an electric field or current; and / or 2) a structure whose optical response can be changed by an electric field or current.

[0047] With respect to additional components that may be included in the disclosed display system, each polarizer may include one of an absorptive polarizer (e.g., wire grid, nanoparticles, etc.) and a reflective polarizer (e.g., dielectric stack, LC polymer film, etc.), or a combination of an absorptive polarizer and a reflective polarizer. Each color filter may include a combination of an absorptive color filter and / or a reflective color filter (the reflective color filter may reflect pump light to increase contrast and / or color gamut). In the case of a single color (UV) pump light, a patterned color filter may not be required, and the color filter may primarily function to absorb or reflect UV light. The microfocusing elements described herein may include one of a microlens array, a gradient index microlens, a diffractive optical element, a metalens, and / or a layered structure with effective focusing power, or a combination thereof.

[0048] In order to create ultra-compact displays, it may be beneficial to place some display pipeline logic in the pixel circuit. For example, in some examples, dither logic may be used because 1) most displays are capable of 8-bit grayscale; 2) graphics pipeline operations are typically >13 bits; and 3) dithering is typically required to present >13 bits on <8-bit displays. Dithering may be the last step in the pipeline, and is typically processed in the chipset before being transmitted through the display interface. However, due to the increased noise, the traditionally generated dithered image may be less compressible. In contrast, if dithering logic is incorporated into the pixel circuit, the compressed data can be transmitted to the display and decompressed at the periphery of the display. Then, dithering can be performed at the pixel circuit level. This may significantly reduce the display bandwidth. Additionally, dithering can be a simple threshold operation that can be feasibly completed in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) pixel. In some examples, if the display device is field sequential, the post-distortion can be placed in the pixel logic. The distortion may be different for each color channel for a color sequential display. Shear correction may be required for rolling exposure type displays. Therefore, a simple left-right translation, or possible shear, can be easily achieved on the backplane instead of in the production line.

[0049] Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing a method 900 of manufacturing a display system according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 As shown, at operation 910, input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range can be provided to a color conversion cell array through a waveguide. In this example, a first group of color conversion cells in the color conversion cell array can include a first color conversion medium.

[0050] At operation 920, input light may be converted into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range that is different from a source wavelength range by a first set of color conversion cells.

[0051] At operation 930, light of a first color may be output from the first group of color conversion units toward a display area.

[0052] Thus, the present disclosure includes display systems, devices, and methods that include waveguides with front light units (FLUs) that can use one or more light sources and pixelated color conversion modules to produce multiple colors (e.g., red, green, and blue) for display panels. The light intensity of each pixel can be controlled by an integrated display panel (LCOS, FLCOS, TFT, etc.). The disclosed system can include a light source, such as one or more pump light sources, a light distribution module, one or more color conversion modules, and a pixelated display engine. The integration of the pixelated color conversion unit with the backplane of the display panel can greatly reduce the size and system assembly complexity, facilitating the use of such a display system in a variety of devices, including devices that require relatively small components, such as augmented reality head-mounted devices. The disclosed display system can also provide high light efficiency by enabling selective recycling of pump light within the color conversion unit to provide high light flux of various colors at the pixel level.

[0053] Example Embodiments

[0054] Example 1: A display system includes: a light source that emits input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range; and an array of color conversion cells that overlaps a display area. A first group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells includes a first color conversion medium that converts the input light into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range that is different from the source wavelength range. The display system additionally includes a waveguide having an outcoupler that directs the input light from the light source toward the array of color conversion cells.

[0055] Example 2: A display system according to Example 1, wherein a second group of color conversion cells in the color conversion cell array includes a second color conversion medium that converts the input light into light of a second color having a wavelength within a second wavelength range, the second wavelength range being different from each of the first wavelength range and the source wavelength range.

[0056] Example 3: A display system according to any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the color conversion units are arranged so that each color conversion unit overlaps with a corresponding pixel in the pixel array.

[0057] Example 4: A display system according to any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the input light includes blue light.

[0058] Example 5: The display system of Example 4, wherein a third group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells reflects the input light toward the display area without passing the input light through the color conversion medium.

[0059] Example 6: A display system according to any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the input light includes ultraviolet light.

[0060] Example 7: A display system according to any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the waveguide overlaps the display area so that the waveguide is arranged between the display area and the color conversion unit array.

[0061] Example 8: The display system according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, further comprising a color filter layer overlapping the color conversion module array so that the converted light passes through the color filters of the color filter layer.

[0062] Example 9: A display system according to any one of Examples 5 to 8, the display system also comprising a micro-focusing element array, wherein each micro-focusing element in the micro-focusing element array overlaps with a corresponding color conversion unit in the color conversion unit array and guides a portion of the light from the waveguide toward the corresponding color conversion unit.

[0063] Example 10: A display system according to any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein each color conversion unit in the color conversion unit array includes at least a portion of the first reflective stack and at least a portion of the second reflective stack.

[0064] Example 11: A display system according to 10, wherein i) one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a highly reflective stack relative to a wide wavelength range, and ii) the other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack relative to a narrower wavelength range including the source wavelength range.

[0065] Example 12: A display system according to Example 10, wherein i) one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a highly reflective stack relative to a wide wavelength range, and ii) the other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack relative to a wide wavelength range.

[0066] Example 13: According to the display system described in any one of Examples 1 to 12, the display system also includes at least one polarizer, and the at least one polarizer is arranged between the waveguide and the color conversion unit array.

[0067] Example 14: According to the display system of any one of Examples 1 to 13, the display system also includes a light modulation layer, which is arranged between the waveguide and the color conversion unit array.

[0068] Example 15: According to the display system described in Example 14, the display system also includes: a common electrode, which is arranged on the first side of the light modulation layer; and a pixel electrode array, which is arranged on the opposite side of the light modulation layer.

[0069] Example 16: A color conversion unit includes: i) a color conversion medium that converts input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range, the first wavelength range being different from the source wavelength range, ii) a first reflective stack disposed on a first side of the color conversion medium, and iii) a second reflective stack disposed on a second side of the color conversion medium, wherein at least one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack includes a high reflective stack relative to a wide wavelength range.

[0070] Example 17: The color conversion unit of Example 16, wherein the other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack includes a partially reflective stack relative to a wavelength range that includes the source wavelength range.

[0071] Example 18: The color conversion unit of Example 16, wherein the other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range.

[0072] Example 19: The color conversion unit of any one of Examples 16 to 18, wherein at least one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a multilayer stack of alternating high refractive index films and low refractive index films.

[0073] Example 20: A method includes: i) providing input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range to an array of color conversion cells through a waveguide, wherein a first group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells includes a first color conversion medium; ii) converting the input light into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range by the first group of color conversion cells, the first wavelength range being different from the source wavelength range; and iii) outputting the first color light from the first group of color conversion cells toward a display area.

[0074] The embodiments of the present disclosure may include various types of artificial reality systems, or be implemented in combination with various types of artificial reality systems. Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some way before being presented to the user, and the artificial reality may include, for example, virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, hybrid reality, or some combination and / or derivative thereof. Artificial reality content may include computer-generated content entirely or computer-generated content combined with collected (e.g., real-world) content. Artificial reality content may include video, audio, tactile feedback, or some combination thereof, any of which may be presented in a single channel or multiple channels (e.g., in a stereoscopic video that gives the viewer a three-dimensional (3D) effect). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial reality may also be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, which are used, for example, to create content in artificial reality and / or otherwise used in artificial reality (e.g., performing activities in artificial reality).

[0075] Artificial reality systems can be implemented in a variety of different form factors and configurations. Some artificial reality systems can be designed to work without a near-eye display (NED). Other artificial reality systems can include a NED that also provides visibility to the real world (e.g., Fig.10 1000) or in an augmented reality system 1000 that visually immerses a user in an artificial reality (e.g., Fig.11 1100 in the virtual reality system 1100). Although some artificial reality devices may be stand-alone systems, other artificial reality devices may communicate with and / or coordinate with external devices to provide an artificial reality experience to a user. Examples of such external devices include handheld controllers, mobile devices, desktop computers, devices worn by a user, devices worn by one or more other users, and / or any other suitable external system.

[0076] Go to Fig.10 , the augmented reality system 1000 may include an eye-mounted device 1002 having a frame 1010 configured to hold a left display device 1015(A) and a right display device 1015(B) in front of the user's eyes. The display device 1015(A) and the display device 1015(B) may function together or independently to present an image or a series of images to the user. Although the augmented reality system 1000 includes two displays, embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in an augmented reality system having a single NED or more than two NEDs.

[0077] In some embodiments, the augmented reality system 1000 may include one or more sensors, such as sensor 1040. Sensor 1040 may generate measurement signals in response to the movement of the augmented reality system 1000 and may be located on substantially any portion of the frame 1010. Sensor 1040 may represent one or more of a variety of different sensing mechanisms, such as a position sensor, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a depth camera assembly, a structured light emitter and / or detector, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the augmented reality system 1000 may include or may not include sensor 1040, or may include more than one sensor. In an example where sensor 1040 includes an IMU, the IMU may generate calibration data based on the measurement signals from sensor 1040. Examples of sensor 1040 may include, but are not limited to, accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, other suitable types of sensors that detect movement, sensors for error correction of IMUs, or some combination thereof.

[0078] In some examples, the augmented reality system 1000 may also include a microphone array having a plurality of acoustic transducers 1020(A) to 1020(J) (collectively referred to as acoustic transducers 1020). The acoustic transducers 1020 may represent transducers that detect changes in air pressure caused by sound waves. Each acoustic transducer 1020 may be configured to detect sound and convert the detected sound into an electronic format (e.g., an analog format or a digital format). Fig.10 The microphone array in may, for example, include ten acoustic transducers: 1020(A) and 1020(B) which may be designed to be placed in corresponding ears of a user; acoustic transducers 1020(C), 1020(D), 1020(E), 1020(F), 1020(G) and 1020(H) which may be positioned at various locations on the frame 1010; and / or acoustic transducers 1020(I) and 1020(J) which may be positioned on corresponding neckbands 1005.

[0079] In some embodiments, one or more of acoustic transducers 1020(A) to 1020(J) may be used as an output transducer (e.g., a speaker). For example, acoustic transducer 1020(A) and / or acoustic transducer 1020(B) may be earbuds or any other suitable type of earphone or speaker.

[0080] The configuration of the acoustic transducer 1020 of the microphone array may vary. Fig.101020, but the number of acoustic transducers 1020 may be more or less than ten. In some embodiments, using a greater number of acoustic transducers 1020 may increase the amount of audio information collected and / or the sensitivity and accuracy of the audio information. In contrast, using a smaller number of acoustic transducers 1020 may reduce the computing power required by the associated controller 1050 to process the collected audio information. In addition, the position of each acoustic transducer 1020 of the microphone array may vary. For example, the position of the acoustic transducer 1020 may include a defined position on the user, a defined coordinate on the frame 1010, an orientation associated with each acoustic transducer 1020, or some combination thereof.

[0081] The acoustic transducers 1020(A) and 1020(B) can be positioned on different parts of the user's ear, such as behind the pinna, behind the tragus, and / or in the auricle or ear cavity. Alternatively, in addition to the acoustic transducer 1020 in the ear canal, additional acoustic transducers 1020 can be present on or around the ear. Having an acoustic transducer 1020 positioned close to the user's ear canal can enable the microphone array to collect information about how sound reaches the ear canal. By positioning at least two of the acoustic transducers 1020 on both sides of the user's head (e.g., as binaural microphones), the augmented reality system 1000 can simulate binaural hearing and capture a 3D stereo sound field around the user's head. In some embodiments, acoustic transducers 1020(A) and 1020(B) may be connected to augmented reality system 1000 via wired connection 1030, and in other embodiments, acoustic transducers 1020(A) and 1020(B) may be connected to augmented reality system 1000 via a wireless connection (e.g., a BLUETOOTH connection). In still other embodiments, acoustic transducers 1020(A) and 1020(B) may not be used in conjunction with augmented reality system 1000 at all.

[0082] The acoustic transducers 1020 on the frame 1010 can be positioned in a variety of different ways, including along the length of the temple, across the bridge, above or below the left display device 1015 (A) and the right display device 1015 (B), or some combination thereof. The acoustic transducers 1020 can also be oriented so that the microphone array can detect sounds in a wide range of directions around the user wearing the augmented reality system 1000. In some embodiments, an optimization process can be performed during the manufacture of the augmented reality system 1000 to determine the relative positioning of each acoustic transducer 1020 in the microphone array.

[0083] In some examples, the augmented reality system 1000 may include or may be connected to an external device (e.g., a paired device), such as a neckband 1005. Neckband 1005 generally represents any type or form of paired device. Therefore, the following discussion of neckband 1005 may also be applied to various other paired devices, such as charging boxes, smart watches, smart phones, wristbands, other wearable devices, handheld controllers, tablet computers, laptop computers, other external computing devices, etc.

[0084] As shown, the neckband 1005 can be coupled to the eye-mounted device 1002 via one or more connectors. The connectors can be wired or wireless and can include electronic components and / or non-electronic (e.g., structural) components. In some cases, the eye-mounted device 1002 and the neckband 1005 can operate independently without any wired or wireless connection between them. Although Fig.10 Components of the eye-mounted device 1002 and components of the neckband 1005 are shown as being located at example locations on the eye-mounted device 1002 and the neckband 1005, but these components can be located at other locations and / or distributed differently on the eye-mounted device 1002 and / or the neckband 1005. In some embodiments, the components of the eye-mounted device 1002 and components of the neckband 1005 can be located on one or more additional peripheral devices paired with the eye-mounted device 1002, on the neckband 1005, or some combination thereof.

[0085] Pairing an external device (e.g., a neckband 1005) with an augmented reality eye-mounted device can enable the eye-mounted device to achieve the form factor of a pair of glasses and still provide sufficient battery power and computing power for expanded capabilities. Some or all of the battery power, computing resources, and / or additional features of the augmented reality system 1000 can be provided by a paired device or shared between the paired device and the eye-mounted device, thereby reducing the weight, heat distribution, and form factor of the eye-mounted device as a whole while still maintaining the desired functionality. For example, the neckband 1005 can allow components that were originally included on the eye-mounted device to be included in the neckband 1005 because a user's shoulders can bear a heavier weight load than their head can bear. The neckband 1005 can also have a larger surface area over which heat is diffused and dispersed into the surrounding environment. As a result, the neckband 1005 can achieve greater battery power and computing power than would otherwise be possible on a stand-alone eye-mounted device. Because the weight carried in the neckband 1005 can be less invasive to the user than the weight carried in the eye-mounted device 1002, the user can tolerate wearing a lighter eye-mounted device and carrying or wearing a paired device for longer periods of time than the user can tolerate wearing a heavier stand-alone eye-mounted device, thereby enabling the user to more fully integrate the artificial reality environment into their daily activities.

[0086] The neckband 1005 can be communicatively coupled to the eye-mounted device 1002 and / or other devices. These other devices can provide certain functions (e.g., tracking, positioning, depth map construction, processing, storage, etc.) for the augmented reality system 1000. Fig.10 In an embodiment of the present invention, the neckband 1005 may include two acoustic transducers (e.g., 1020 (I) and 1020 (J)) that are part of a microphone array (or potentially form their own microphone subarray). The neckband 1005 may also include a controller 1025 and a power supply 1035.

[0087] The acoustic transducers 1020(I) and 1020(J) of the neckband 1005 may be configured to detect sound and convert the detected sound into an electronic format (analog or digital). Fig.10In an embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic transducers 1020(I) and 1020(J) can be positioned on the neckband 1005, thereby increasing the distance between the acoustic transducers 1020(I) and 1020(J) of the neckband and other acoustic transducers 1020 positioned on the eye-mounted device 1002. In some cases, increasing the distance between the acoustic transducers 1020 of the microphone array can improve the accuracy of beamforming performed via the microphone array. For example, if the acoustic transducers 1020(C) and 1020(D) detect a sound, and the distance between the acoustic transducers 1020(C) and 1020(D) is greater than, for example, the distance between the acoustic transducers 1020(D) and 1020(E), the determined source location of the detected sound can be more accurate than when the sound is detected by the acoustic transducers 1020(D) and 1020(E).

[0088] The controller 1025 of the neckband 1005 can process information generated by sensors on the neckband 1005 and / or the augmented reality system 1000. For example, the controller 1025 can process information from the microphone array that describes the sound detected by the microphone array. For each detected sound, the controller 1025 can perform a Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimate to estimate the direction from which the detected sound arrives at the microphone array. When the microphone array detects a sound, the controller 1025 can fill the audio data set with this information. In an embodiment where the augmented reality system 1000 includes an inertial measurement unit, the controller 1025 can calculate all inertial and spatial operations from the IMU located on the eye-mounted device 1002. The connector can transmit information between the augmented reality system 1000 and the neckband 1005 and between the augmented reality system 1000 and the controller 1025. The information can be in the form of optical data, electrical data, wireless data, or any other form of transmittable data. Moving the processing of information generated by the augmented reality system 1000 to the neck strap 1005 can reduce the weight and heat of the eye-mounted device 1002, making it more comfortable for the user.

[0089] The power source 1035 in the neckband 1005 can provide power to the eye-mounted device 1002 and / or the neckband 1005. The power source 1035 can include, but is not limited to, lithium-ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, primary lithium batteries, alkaline batteries, or any other form of power storage. In some cases, the power source 1035 can be a wired power source. Including the power source 1035 on the neckband 1005 instead of the eye-mounted device 1002 can help to better distribute the weight and heat generated by the power source 1035.

[0090] As noted, some artificial reality systems may substantially replace one or more of a user's sensory perceptions of the real world with a virtual experience, rather than blending the artificial reality with the real reality. An example of this type of system is a head-mounted display system that covers most or all of the user's field of view, e.g. Fig.11 The virtual reality system 1100 in FIG. The virtual reality system 1100 may include a front rigid body 1102 and a band 1104 shaped to fit around the user's head. The virtual reality system 1100 may also include an output audio converter 1106 (A) and an output audio converter 1106 (B). In addition, although Fig.11 Not shown, but front rigid body 1102 may include one or more electronic components, including one or more electronic displays, one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs), one or more tracking transmitters or detectors, and / or any other suitable device or system for creating an artificial reality experience.

[0091] Artificial reality systems may include various types of visual feedback mechanisms. For example, the display devices in the augmented reality system 1000 and / or the virtual reality system 1100 may include one or more liquid crystal displays (LCD), one or more light emitting diode (LED) displays, one or more micro LED displays, one or more organic LED (OLED) displays, one or more digital light projection (DLP) micro displays, one or more liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) micro displays, and / or any other suitable type of display screen. These artificial reality systems may include a single display screen for both eyes, or a display screen may be provided for each eye, which may provide additional flexibility for zoom adjustment or for correcting the user's refractive error. Some of these artificial reality systems may also include multiple optical subsystems having one or more lenses (e.g., concave or convex lenses, Fresnel lenses, adjustable liquid lenses, etc.), through which the user can view the display screen. These optical subsystems can be used for a variety of purposes, including collimating light (e.g., making an object appear to be at a greater distance than it is physically at), magnifying light (e.g., making an object appear larger than its actual size), and / or relaying light (e.g., relaying light to a viewer's eye). These optical subsystems can be used in direct-view architectures (e.g., a single-lens configuration that directly collimates light but results in so-called pincushion distortion) and / or non-direct-view architectures (e.g., a multi-lens configuration that produces so-called barrel distortion to eliminate pincushion distortion).

[0092] In addition to or in lieu of using a display screen, some artificial reality systems may include one or more projection systems. For example, a display device in the augmented reality system 1000 and / or in the virtual reality system 1100 may include a micro-LED projector that projects light into a display device (e.g., a transparent combination lens that allows ambient light to pass through) (using, for example, a waveguide). The display device may refract the projected light toward the user's pupil and may enable the user to view both the artificial reality content and the real world simultaneously. The display device may use any of a variety of different optical components to achieve this purpose, including waveguide components (e.g., holographic waveguide elements, planar waveguide elements, diffractive waveguide elements, polarizing waveguide elements, and / or reflective waveguide elements), light manipulation surfaces and elements (e.g., diffractive elements and gratings, reflective elements and gratings, and refractive elements and gratings), coupling elements, etc. The artificial reality system may also be configured with any other suitable type or form of image projection system, such as a retinal projector used in a virtual retinal display.

[0093] The artificial reality systems described herein may also include various types of computer vision components and subsystems. For example, the augmented reality system 1000 and / or the virtual reality system 1100 may include one or more optical sensors, such as a two-dimensional (2D) camera or a 3D camera, a structured light emitter and detector, a time-of-flight depth sensor, a single beam rangefinder or a scanning laser rangefinder, a 3D laser radar (LiDAR) sensor, and / or any other suitable type or form of optical sensor. The artificial reality system may process data from one or more of these sensors to identify the user's location, map the real world, provide the user with context about the real-world environment, and / or perform various other functions.

[0094] The artificial reality system described herein may also include one or more input audio converters and / or output audio converters. The output audio converter may include a voice coil speaker, a ribbon speaker, an electrostatic speaker, a piezoelectric speaker, a bone conduction converter, a cartilage conduction converter, an ear tragus vibration converter, and / or any other suitable type or form of audio converter. Similarly, the input audio converter may include a condenser microphone, a dynamic microphone, a ribbon microphone, and / or any other type or form of input converter. In some embodiments, a single converter may be used for both audio input and audio output.

[0095] In some embodiments, the artificial reality systems described herein may also include tactile (i.e., haptic) feedback systems that can be incorporated into headwear, gloves, clothing, handheld controllers, environmental devices (e.g., chairs, floor mats, etc.), and / or any other type of device or system. The tactile feedback system can provide various types of skin feedback, including vibration, force, traction, texture, and / or temperature. The tactile feedback system can also provide various types of kinesthetic feedback, such as motion and compliance. Motors, piezoelectric actuators, fluid systems, and / or various other types of feedback mechanisms can be used to implement tactile feedback. The tactile feedback system can be implemented independently of other artificial reality devices, implemented within other artificial reality devices, and / or implemented in combination with other artificial reality devices.

[0096] By providing tactile perception, auditory content, and / or visual content, artificial reality systems can create a complete virtual experience or enhance the user's real-world experience in various contexts and environments. For example, an artificial reality system can help or expand a user's perception, memory, or cognition within a specific environment. Some systems can enhance the user's interaction with other people in the real world, or can achieve a more immersive interaction with other people in the virtual world. Artificial reality systems can also be used for educational purposes (e.g., for teaching or training in schools, hospitals, government organizations, military organizations, commercial enterprises, etc.), entertainment purposes (e.g., for playing video games, listening to music, watching video content, etc.) and / or for access purposes (e.g., as hearing aids, visual aids, etc.). The embodiments disclosed herein can implement or enhance the user's artificial reality experience in one or more of these contexts and environments and / or in other contexts and environments.

[0097] The process parameters and step sequences described and / or shown herein are provided by way of example only and may be changed as desired. For example, although the multiple steps shown and / or described herein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, the steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order shown or discussed. The various exemplary methods described and / or shown herein may also omit one or more of the steps described or shown herein, or may include additional steps in addition to those disclosed.

[0098] The above description has been provided to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various aspects of the example embodiments disclosed herein. This example description is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to any precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. In determining the scope of the present disclosure, reference should be made to any claims attached and their equivalents.

[0099] Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "connected to" and "coupled to" (and their derivatives) as used in the specification and / or claims should be interpreted as allowing both direct and indirect (i.e., through other elements or components) connections. In addition, the terms "a" or "an" as used in the specification and claims are to be interpreted as meaning "at least one of..." Finally, for ease of use, the terms "including" and "having" (and their derivatives) as used in the specification and claims are interchangeable with the word "comprising" and have the same meaning as the word "comprising".

Claims

1. A display system, comprising: a light source emitting input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range; an array of color conversion cells, the array of color conversion cells overlapping a display area, wherein a first group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells includes a first color conversion medium that converts the input light into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range that is different from the source wavelength range; and A waveguide includes an outcoupler that directs the input light from the light source toward the array of color conversion cells.

2. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: A second group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells includes a second color conversion medium that converts the input light into light of a second color having a wavelength within a second wavelength range that is different from each of the first wavelength range and the source wavelength range.

3. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: The color conversion cells are arranged such that each color conversion cell overlaps a corresponding pixel in the pixel array.

4. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: The input light includes blue light.

5. The display system according to claim 4, wherein: A third group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells reflects the input light toward the display area without passing the input light through a color conversion medium.

6. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: The input light includes ultraviolet light.

7. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: The waveguide overlaps the display area such that the waveguide is disposed between the display area and the color conversion cell array.

8. The display system of claim 1, further comprising a color filter layer overlapping the color conversion module array such that converted light passes through color filters of the color filter layer.

9. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a micro-focusing element array, wherein: Each micro-focusing element in the array of micro-focusing elements overlaps a corresponding color conversion cell in the array of color conversion cells and directs a portion of light from the waveguide toward the corresponding color conversion cell.

10. The display system according to claim 1, wherein: Each color conversion cell in the array of color conversion cells includes at least a portion of a first reflective stack and at least a portion of a second reflective stack.

11. The display system according to claim 10, wherein: One of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a highly reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range; and The other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack for a narrower wavelength range relative to a range that includes the source wavelength range.

12. The display system according to claim 10, wherein: One of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a highly reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range; and The other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range.

13. The display system of claim 1, further comprising at least one polarizer disposed between the waveguide and the color conversion cell array.

14. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a light modulation layer disposed between the waveguide and the color conversion unit array.

15. The display system according to claim 14, further comprising: a common electrode disposed on a first side of the light modulation layer; and a pixel electrode array disposed on an opposite side of the light modulation layer.

16. A color conversion unit, comprising: a color conversion medium that converts input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range to light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range that is different from the source wavelength range; a first reflective stack disposed on a first side of the color conversion medium; as well as A second reflective stack is disposed on a second side of the color conversion medium, wherein at least one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a high reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range.

17. The color conversion unit according to claim 16, wherein: The other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack includes a partially reflective stack with respect to a wavelength range that includes the source wavelength range.

18. The color conversion unit according to claim 16, wherein: The other of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a partially reflective stack with respect to a wide wavelength range.

19. The color conversion unit according to claim 16, wherein: At least one of the first reflective stack and the second reflective stack comprises a multilayer stack of alternating high and low refractive index films.

20. A method comprising: providing input light having a wavelength within a source wavelength range to an array of color conversion cells through a waveguide, wherein a first group of color conversion cells in the array of color conversion cells comprises a first color conversion medium; converting the input light into light of a first color having a wavelength within a first wavelength range different from the source wavelength range by the first set of color conversion cells; and The light of the first color is output from the first group of color conversion units toward a display area.

Images