A method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount, belonging to the technical field of potato seed breeding. The method of the present invention includes covering tissue culture seedlings with black non-woven fabric to ensure that the tuber formation part is in a dark environment, carrying out maintenance management of the "promote first, control in the middle, and protect later" fertilizer scheme for the plants, implementing disease prevention and control management, multiple harvests and nutrient management of minitubers, and post-harvest treatment steps. By keeping the underground part of the potato in a dark state, with less substrate mass at the tuber-bearing position, and carrying out multiple tuber picking and nutrient management operations, without affecting the absorption of water and fertilizer by the roots and the growth of the plants, the water content of the harvested seed potatoes each time is not much, and without affecting the storage quality, the tuber-bearing and harvesting time of potato minitubers is extended, and the tuber-bearing rate of minitubers per unit area is increased. A method for breeding potato minitubers with strong operability, saving substrate, reducing the workload of production operations and having high production efficiency is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of potato seed breeding, and more specifically relates to a method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount. Background Art

[0002] The cost of potato seed breeding is high, and the cost of breeding minitubers accounts for the largest proportion. At present, there are two common methods for breeding minitubers, namely the substrate method and the aeroponics method. The substrate method has a large amount of substrate used, a high proportion of input, and soil-borne diseases often cause problems with the quality of the produced minitubers; the aeroponics method has a large investment in facility construction, a large amount of water and fertilizer used in the production process, many operation links in production and storage treatment, and it is difficult to manage diseases prone to occur. Therefore, seeking a potato minituber breeding technology with less substrate amount, fewer operation links, and easy storage, improving the production efficiency of minitubers, and reducing the production cost are of great significance to the development of the potato minituber breeding field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the production efficiency of potato minitubers, and reduce the production cost.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: provides a method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount, including the following steps:

[0006] Select the developed tissue culture seedlings for transplanting and planting, lay the substrate with a thickness of 2 cm, and cover the black non-woven fabric between the plants to obtain the planted seedlings;

[0007] Carry out light management, watering management, fertilization management and disease control management on the planted seedlings. Among them, the fertilization management adopts the fertilization strategy of "promoting in the front, controlling in the middle and protecting in the back"; the fertilization strategy of "promoting in the front, controlling in the middle and protecting in the back" includes: spraying the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer nutrient solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE for the first three times, and the application amount is 6-8 g / m 2 , and the fertilization interval for each time is 7-10 d; the fourth time, apply the balanced water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20+TE, and the application amount is 6-8 g / m 2 ; when the plants grow stolons, the fertilizer is changed to the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30+TE, and the application amount is 8-10 g / m 2 ;

[0008] When the seedlings to be transplanted grow to the potato tuber harvesting period, the potato tubers are harvested and nutrient management is carried out in batches; the fertilizers used in the nutrient management include a balanced water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20+TE, a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30+TE, and a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE;

[0009] After the potato tubers are harvested, post-harvest treatment is carried out.

[0010] Preferably, the method for highly efficient breeding of potato minitubers with reduced substrate also includes the seedling raising process of tissue culture seedlings, and the steps are as follows:

[0011] Select virus-free seedlings for transplanting, pour enough root-fixing water, and spray a nutrient solution of a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE on the 8th day after transplanting, and the application amount is 6-8 g / m 2 , and transplant and plant after 15-20 days of seedling raising.

[0012] Preferably, before the grown tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and planted, it also includes 3-5 days of water control and seedling hardening, that is, do not water 3-5 days before transplanting and planting, and keep the roots slightly dry to carry out transplanting and planting.

[0013] Preferably, the density of the transplanting and planting is: plant spacing 15 cm, row spacing 25 cm.

[0014] Preferably, when the grown tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and planted together with the nutrient bags, it is ensured that the nutrient bags of each grown tissue culture seedling are in a dark environment covered by black non-woven fabric.

[0015] Preferably, the substrate includes perlite and peat with a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0016] Preferably, before the transplanting and planting, it also includes adding a slow-release compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 16:16:16 to the substrate, and adding 2 kg of the slow-release compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 16:16:16 per cubic meter of substrate.

[0017] Preferably, the watering management includes drip irrigation to keep the humidity of the substrate at 60-70%; the disease prevention and control management includes regularly spraying drugs to prevent diseases and pests; the diseases include one or more of damping-off, early blight and late blight; the pests include one or more of aphids, leaf miners, thrips, potato tuber moths and whiteflies.

[0018] Preferably, when the potato tubers swell to 5-10 g, the potato tubers are harvested, and the harvesting operation is carried out after 3 days of water control.

[0019] Preferably, the potato tuber harvesting and nutrient management are carried out synchronously;

[0020] The potato tuber harvesting and nutrient management include: after the first batch of harvest, the fertilizer is adjusted to a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20-20-20+TE, and the application rate is 6-8 g / m 2 , and it is watered and applied twice, then adjusted to a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 10-10-30+TE, and the application rate is 8-10 g / m 2 ; after the third batch of harvest, a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 30-10-10+TE is additionally applied once, and the application rate is 6-8 g / m 2 and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 17:23:7 is applied to the seedbed substrate, and the application rate is 8-10 g / m 2 ; after that, for each batch of harvest, fertilization is carried out according to the fertilization strategy after the first batch of harvest.

[0021] Preferably, after the third batch of potato tuber harvest, nutrient supplement management is carried out in combination with disease prevention and control; the fertilizers used in the nutrient management include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and foliar fertilizer.

[0022] Further, the plant nutrient management carried out after the third batch of potato tuber harvest includes: applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 wt% in combination with disease prevention and control, and when the plant shows poor growth potential and yellowing leaf color, foliar fertilizer is added for spraying together.

[0023] In the present invention, since the underground part of the potato is in a dark state and the base mass of the tuber-forming position is small, multiple tuber harvesting and nutrient management operations are carried out. Without affecting the absorption of water and fertilizer by the roots and the growth of the plant, the water content of the seed tubers harvested each time is not much, and without affecting the storage quality, the tuber formation and harvesting time of the potato minitubers are prolonged, and the tuber formation rate of the potato minitubers per unit area is increased. A method for breeding potato minitubers with strong operability, saving substrate, reducing the workload of production operations and having a relatively high production efficiency is provided.

[0024] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0025] The present invention provides a potato minituber propagation technology that can extend the tuber formation and harvesting time of potato minitubers and increase the tuber formation rate per unit area. For the early-maturing potato varieties, adopting the technical mode of the present invention effectively extends the growth period and tuber formation period of the plants, thereby increasing the production. For some late-maturing potato varieties with a longer growth period, it is not easy to form tubers during spring and summer propagation. Adopting the technical mode of the present invention, through the adjustment of fertilizers, the growth amount of stolons is increased, and the number of times of seed tuber harvesting is increased to achieve the purpose of increasing production. For potato varieties with strong apical dominance and few tubers, through the technical mode of the present invention, the tubers growing at the top are removed in time, and the apical dominance is continuously removed to promote the multiple occurrence of stolons, thereby increasing the production quantity of minitubers. In addition, the method of the present invention has strong applicability and can be operated under the condition of simple facilities of the production greenhouse seedbed, or can be used on the greenhouse seedbed with comprehensive facilities and high automation degree, and has high application value in the current domestic potato minituber propagation production. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the said documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0029] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and embodiments of the present invention are only exemplary.

[0030] Regarding the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used in this text, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0031] The raw materials, fertilizers, and medicaments used in the embodiments of the present invention are described as follows:

[0032] The peat used is purchased from Pindstrup peat.

[0033] The particle size of the medium-sized perlite used is 3 - 6 mm; the particle size of the fine perlite used is 0.5 - 2 mm.

[0034] The slow-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 16:16:16 used is purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Group.

[0035] The high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium of 30-10-10+TE used is purchased from Shanghai Fangdian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0036] The balanced water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium of 20-20-20+TE used is purchased from Shanghai Fangdian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0037] The high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium of 10-10-30+TE used is purchased from Shanghai Fangdian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0038] The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 17:23:7 used is purchased from Yunnan Yuntianhua Group.

[0039] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate used is purchased from Chengdu Fengyi Science and Technology Agriculture Co., Ltd.

[0040] The foliar fertilizer 1 is "Megaful" purchased from Valagro S.p.A. of Italy. Its physical and chemical properties are bottled water-based liquid fertilizer. The component content in 1 L is 380 g of polypeptide, 100 g of amino acid, and 20 g of chelated (iron + zinc + manganese); the foliar fertilizer 2 is "Bifufu" purchased from Laboratoires GOEMAR of France. Its physical and chemical properties are bottled water-based liquid fertilizer. The component content in 1 L is 140 g of organic matter and 140 g of calcium.

[0041] Other raw materials used are all commercially available products without special instructions.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This example provides a method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0044] Step (1) Non-woven cup seedling cultivation of virus-free tissue culture seedlings: A non-woven seedling cup with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 10 cm is used, and a seedling medium is placed inside. The medium is medium-grained perlite and peat with a particle size of ≤6 mm, which are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and watered one day in advance; when planting, the virus-free seedlings are taken out of the bottle, the culture medium is washed, and the seedlings are gently planted in the matrix with tweezers. The planting depth is 1.5 cm. After planting, they are placed in the seedbed and watered with sufficient rooting water. The matrix is ​​kept sufficiently hydrated for 3 days after planting. On the 8th day, a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer nutrient solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE is sprayed once, and the application amount is 7g / m 2 , transplant and plant the seedlings 20 days after raising them, and control the water and harden the seedlings for 5 days before transplanting and planting.

[0045] Step (2) Laying the seedbed in the greenhouse: After the seedbed is sterilized with high-temperature steam and drugs, the engineering non-woven fabric is cut into a length equal to the seedbed and 10 cm wider than the seedbed, and is laid flat in the seedbed, with both sides folded up 5 cm each and closely attached to both sides of the seedbed.

[0046] Step (3) Laying the substrate on the seedbed: Mix fine-grained perlite and peat with a particle size of ≤2 mm in a volume ratio of 1:1 and spread it at a rate of 2 kg / m 3 Add a slow-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass ratio of 16:16:16 and mix well to obtain a matrix; spread the matrix evenly in the seedbed with a thickness of 2 cm, cover the matrix with a layer of 40-mesh gauze, and press gently to make it flat.

[0047] Step (4) Planting of tissue culture seedlings: The cultivated cup-shaped tissue culture seedlings together with the nutrient bags are planted on the substrate in the seedbed, and the planting density is: plant spacing 15 cm, row spacing 25 cm.

[0048] Step (5) Install drip irrigation: According to the seedling planting spacing, each drip irrigation belt is 15 cm apart, and the dripper spacing is 25 cm. It is located on the seedling nutrient cup. The drip irrigation belt is straightened and tightened from both ends of the seedbed with iron wire for fixing.

[0049] Step (6) Covering the space between two rows of plants with black non-woven fabric: Cut the black non-woven fabric material into strips 30 cm wide and 10 cm longer than the width of the seedbed, and cover the space between the two rows of plants; stretch the black non-woven fabric, and connect the two ends in the length direction with the edges of the non-woven fabric laid at the bottom of the seedbed, and fix them with clips; the joint between the two non-woven fabrics is located at the base of the stem of each row of seedlings, and the nutrient bags of the plants are located in the dark under the non-woven fabric.

[0050] Step (7) Management of water, fertilizer and medicine for tissue culture seedlings:

[0051] Water management: After planting, water the nutrient cups by drip irrigation and spray the seedbed thoroughly by manual or automatic spraying to ensure that the substrate on the seedbed is moist. After that, the water management in the nutrient cups follows the principle of "seeing dry and wet", and water by drip irrigation according to the weather conditions. The seedbed substrate is often sprayed to maintain a humidity of 60-70%. Through the regulation of wet outside and dry inside, the plant roots are promoted to grow from the nutrient bags to the seedbed substrate.

[0052] Fertilizer management: Adopt the fertilization strategy of "promoting in the early stage, controlling in the middle stage, and protecting in the later stage". Specifically: After planting, fertilize the nutrient bags and the seedbed by drip irrigation and spraying respectively. For the first three times, spray the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer nutrient solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE, and the application rate is 7g / m 2 , and the watering time of the seedbed each time should be less than that of drip irrigation, so that the substrate on the seedbed is thoroughly watered. The fertilization interval is 7 days; the fourth fertilizer is the balanced water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20+TE, and the application rate is 7g / m 2 ; when the plant grows stolons, the fertilizer is changed to the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30+TE, and the application rate is 9g / m 2 .

[0053] Pest and disease management: Do a good job in the isolation and disinfection of the production greenhouse daily, and combine regular spraying of drugs to prevent various diseases; for diseases, mainly do a good job in the prevention and control of damping-off, early blight, and late blight; for pests, mainly do a good job in the prevention and control of aphids, leaf miners, thrips, tuber moths and whiteflies.

[0054] Nutrient management during the potato tuber harvesting period in step (8): Through the regulation of humidity, fertilizer and darkness inside and outside the nutrient bags, after 48 days, the stolons gradually grow and extend out through the nutrient cups and attach to the substrate and the screen on the bottom of the seedbed. When the potato tubers expand to 5-10g, control water for 3 days and then harvest. When harvesting, lift the non-woven fabric covering the surface, gently remove the potato tubers and then cover the non-woven fabric back. After harvesting the first batch, adjust the fertilizer to the balanced water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20+TE and apply it twice, and then change to apply the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30+TE. After harvesting the third batch, supplement and apply the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE once, and apply the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 17:23:7 to the seedbed substrate, and the application rate is 10g / m 2 . After that, every time a batch is harvested, fertilize according to the fertilization mode after harvesting the first batch. In the later stage, combine the disease control agent and spray 0.1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If the plant shows poor growth and yellowing of the leaf color, add a foliar fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content and spray it together.

[0055] Step (9) Post-harvest treatment of potato tubers: Put the harvested seed potatoes into plastic crates, place them in a normal-temperature warehouse for one week, then they can be counted and put into gauze bags for storage in a cold storage. The harvesting period can end when winter frost damage comes and the plants are completely senescent and withered. Finally, it is necessary to clean the production seedbed and the environment to lay a foundation for safe production in the next year. Specifically: Take away the covered non-woven fabric, remove and clean the drip irrigation belt and put it away; Pull out the plants, remove the nutrient cups and the roots remaining in the substrate; Carry out the substrate, clean the gauze and the bottom non-woven fabric in the seedbed. The non-woven fabric and the substrate can be piled together, disinfected with steam and reused; Seal the emptied entire greenhouse, and fumigate it with chlorothalonil and isoprocarb smoke bombs for standby.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The traditional substrate method is used to breed potato minitubers, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0058] 1. Preparation work

[0059] (1) Facility preparation: Select a suitable greenhouse or screen house. The greenhouse should ensure good lighting and ventilation conditions and be able to control temperature and humidity; The screen house is mainly used to prevent the invasion of pests and diseases, and the specification of its screen mesh should be able to effectively block the entry of pests. Clean and disinfect the facilities. Before use, spray disinfectants such as formalin or potassium permanganate on the ground, walls and shed frames of the greenhouse or screen house to kill the remaining pathogenic bacteria and pests. After disinfection, ventilate to ensure that there are no remaining harmful gases.

[0060] (2) Substrate preparation: Select peat, vermiculite, and perlite as the substrate, and the volume ratio of peat:vermiculite:perlite is 3:1:1. Mix these substrate materials evenly according to the ratio, spread them on the seedbed with a thickness of 10 cm, and evenly spray water after leveling.

[0061] (3) Hardening off: Put the tissue culture seedlings with a seedling age of 20 days in the planting greenhouse or screen house, do not open the bottle caps, and gradually reduce shading for about one week for hardening off.

[0062] 2. Seedling planting

[0063] Take the virus-free seedlings out of the bottle, wash the culture medium, gently plant them in the substrate with forceps, the planting depth is 1.5 cm, the density is 10 cm * 10 cm, pour enough root-fixing water, and keep the substrate moist enough for 3 days after planting.

[0064] 3. Seedling stage management

[0065] (1) Temperature management: After planting, water thoroughly, shade for 7 days, and keep the ambient temperature at 18-20℃, which is conducive to the survival of seedlings. After that, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃, and the nighttime temperature should be controlled at 15-18℃ to promote the healthy growth of seedlings. If the temperature is too high, it can be cooled by ventilation, shading, etc.; if the temperature is too low, warming measures should be taken, such as using heating equipment. When entering the tuber stage, try to adjust the temperature to 17-19℃, and try to expand the temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to tuber formation.

[0066] (3) Water management: During the growth period of seedlings, keep the substrate moist and water it in time according to the dryness and wetness of the substrate. Water it thoroughly, but do not allow water to accumulate. You can judge the dryness and wetness of the substrate by inserting your fingers and grabbing the substrate.

[0067] (4) Nutrient management: Fertilization can be started 8 days after the tissue culture seedlings are planted. Use nutrient solution spraying. The composition of the nutrient solution is adjusted according to the needs of different potato growth stages. In the early growth stage, use water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10 + TE, in the middle growth stage, use water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20 + TE, and in the late growth stage, use water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30 + TE. The spraying concentration is 0.1-0.2wt%, and spraying is done every 7-10 days.

[0068] 4. Pest and disease control

[0069] During the production process, the main diseases controlled are damping-off, early blight and late blight. Protective agents and fungicides are used alternately, and sprayed 10 times during the entire growth period. While preventing diseases, pesticides are added to prevent and control pests such as aphids, mites, leafminers, and whiteflies.

[0070] 5. Soil cultivation

[0071] When the seedlings grow to a height of 12 cm, mix the substrate according to the proportion used for planting, and sprinkle it on the root and stem of the plant and between the plants with a thickness of 3 cm. Repeat after an interval of 20 days.

[0072] 6. Harvest

[0073] Harvest when the branches and leaves begin to turn yellow. Control the moisture 7-10 days before harvesting, remove the aboveground stems and leaves, and transport them out of the warm net room in time. Avoid mechanical damage during harvesting, spread them out to dry for 4-7 days after harvesting, and remove rotten potatoes, diseased potatoes, damaged potatoes and debris.

[0074] 7. Grading packaging

[0075] The seed potatoes are packaged in four grades according to their individual weight: greater than 20 grams, 10-20 grams, 5-10 grams, and 2-5 grams.

[0076] Effect verification:

[0077] The Yunshu 401 and Yunshu 304 were respectively bred by the method described in Example 1 and the traditional substrate method described in Comparative Example 1. 1200 seedlings of each Yunshu variety were planted, and the statistical quantity was measured according to 12 square meters.

[0078] 1. Comparison of the effects between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1:

[0079] (1) Uniformity of the size of potato tubers:

[0080] The quality of the potato tubers harvested by the method described in Comparative Example 1 and the corresponding quantities of potato tubers with different qualities are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0081] Table 1 Records of the harvested quantity of basic seeds per 12 square meters by the traditional substrate method described in Comparative Example 1

[0082] Variety Yunshu 401 Yunshu 304 Quantity (grains) ≥ 20g 812 454 Quantity (grains) 10 - 20g (excluding 20g) 832 874 Quantity (grains) 5 - 10g (excluding 10g) 835 1306 Quantity (grains) 2 - 5g (excluding 5g) 406 1616 <2g Quantity (grains) 259 718 Total Quantity (grains) 3144 4968 Quantity (grains) ≥ 5g 2479 2634 Quantity (grains) ≥ 2g 2885 4250 Proportion of ≥ 5g (%) 79 53 Proportion of ≥ 2g (%) 92 86

[0083] Table 2 Records of the harvested quantity of basic seeds per 12 square meters by the method described in Example 1

[0084] Variety Yunshu 401 Yunshu 304 Quantity (grains) ≥ 20g 0 0 Quantity (grains) 10 - 20g (excluding 20g) 1264 1456 Quantity (grains) 5 - 10g (excluding 10g) 1249 2286 Quantity (grains) 2 - 5g (excluding 5g) 512 699 <2g Quantity (grains) 107 261 Total Quantity (grains) 3132 4702 Quantity (grains) ≥ 5g 2513 3742 Quantity (grains) ≥ 2g 3025 4441 Proportion of ≥ 5g (%) 80 80 Proportion of ≥ 2g (%) 97 94

[0085] From the comparison of the data obtained in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the potato tubers obtained by the method of the present invention can be picked multiple times, and the size of each potato tuber can be controlled within 5 - 10 g, which can avoid the problem of uneven growth of the original seed field caused by uneven size of potato tubers in the traditional substrate method.

[0086] (2) Comparison of the cost sharing of breeding materials:

[0087] The results of the substrate consumption and the number of tubers formed by the methods described in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

[0088] Table 3 Substrate consumption and cost sharing (calculated according to 12 square meters) of the method described in Example 1

[0089]

[0090] Table 4 Substrate consumption and cost sharing (calculated according to 12 square meters) of the method described in Comparative Example 1

[0091]

[0092] By comparing Table 3 and Table 4, it can be seen that compared with the traditional substrate method, the method of the present invention can save more substrate consumption, reduce the input cost, and at the same time can also reduce the potential impact of waste and disease - carrying substrates on the safety of the production environment. In addition, the method of the present invention can obtain a higher number of tubers while ensuring less substrate consumption, thus improving the breeding efficiency.

[0093] In addition, compared with the traditional fog cultivation method for breeding potato minitubers, the construction investment cost of the present invention is low, the post-harvest processing operation of the tubers is simple, and the quality of the harvested tubers is stable without the occurrence of rotten tubers. The specific analysis is as follows:

[0094] The present invention can be produced using a conventional seedbed. The production seedbed and auxiliary materials are simple and require less investment, mainly including the installation of drip irrigation and covering with black non-woven fabric. While the traditional fog cultivation method requires the construction of a specific planting rack and the installation of a fertilizer circulation system. Calculated based on a seedbed area of 2000 m 2 , the installation cost of the seedbed and auxiliary materials per square meter is 37 yuan. Compared with the installation of the facilities required by the fog cultivation method, the investment cost of the present invention only accounts for 5-10% of the cost of the traditional fog cultivation method.

[0095] In the harvesting and processing operation of producing minitubers by the fog cultivation method, after picking, it is necessary to dry the moisture on the surface of the tubers. For large-scale production, sufficient site construction for drying warehouses and racks is required. To prevent the surface of the tubers from being infected by pathogens under high humidity conditions, disease prevention treatment measures are also required. After the moisture treatment is completed, counting and packaging are carried out and stored in the warehouse. During the whole operation process, it is necessary to ensure uniform treatment for each batch, otherwise it may lead to rotten seeds during storage. The harvesting operation of the minitubers of the present invention is as follows: when picking, lift the non-woven fabric covering the surface, gently remove the tubers and then cover the non-woven fabric back; put the harvested minitubers into plastic frames and place them in a normal temperature warehouse for one week, and then they can be counted and put into a mesh bag and stored in a cold storage. Compared with the traditional fog cultivation method, the harvested tubers of the present invention are simple and easy to operate in processing, with stable quality and no occurrence of rotten tubers.

[0096] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0097] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Select the cultivated tissue culture seedlings for transplanting and planting. The laying thickness of the substrate is 2 cm, and black non-woven fabric is covered between the plants to obtain the planted seedlings; Light management, watering management, fertilization management and disease control management are carried out on the planted seedlings. Among them, the fertilization management adopts the fertilization strategy of "promoting in the early stage, controlling in the middle stage and protecting in the later stage". The fertilization strategy of "promoting in the early stage, controlling in the middle stage and protecting in the later stage" includes: spraying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer nutrient solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE for the first three times, and the application amount is 6-8 g / m 2 , and the fertilization interval for each time is 7-10 d; applying a balanced water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 20-20-20+TE for the fourth time, and the application amount is 6-8 g / m2; when the plant grows stolons, the fertilizer is changed to a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 10-10-30+TE, and the application amount is 8-10 g / m 2 ; When the planted seedlings grow to the sweet potato harvesting period, the sweet potato harvesting and nutrient management are carried out in batches; The fertilizers used for the nutrient management include a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 20-20-20+TE, a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 10-10-30+TE, and a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium 30-10-10+TE; After the sweet potato harvesting, post-harvest treatment is carried out; When transplanting and planting the cultivated tissue culture seedlings together with the nutrient bags, ensure that the nutrient bags of each cultivated tissue culture seedling are in a dark environment covered by black non-woven fabric; Before the transplanting and planting, it also includes adding a slow-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 16:16:16 to the substrate. 2 kg of the slow-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 16:16:16 is added to each cubic meter of the substrate; When the sweet potato expands to 5-10 g, the sweet potato harvesting is carried out, and the harvesting operation is carried out after controlling water for 3 days; The sweet potato harvesting and nutrient management are carried out simultaneously; The potato tuber harvesting and nutrient management include: after the first batch is harvested, the fertilizer is adjusted to a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20-20-20+TE, and the application rate is 6-8 g / m 2 , after watering twice, it is adjusted to a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 10-10-30+TE, and the application rate is 8-10 g / m 2 ; after the third batch is harvested, a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 30-10-10+TE is top-dressed once, and the application rate is 6-8 g / m 2 , and a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 17:23:7 is applied to the seedbed substrate, and the application rate is 8-10 g / m 2 ; after that, every time a batch is harvested, fertilization is carried out according to the fertilization strategy after the first batch is harvested.

2. The method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount according to claim 1, wherein The method for highly efficient breeding of potato minitubers with reduced substrate also includes the seedling raising process of cup-shaped tissue culture seedlings, and the steps are as follows: Select virus-free seedlings for transplanting, pour sufficient root-fixing water, and spray a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer nutrient solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 30-10-10+TE on the 8th day after transplanting, with an application rate of 6-8 g / m 2 , and transplant and plant after 15-20 days of seedling raising.

3. The method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before transplanting and planting the cultivated tissue culture seedlings, it also includes water control and seedling hardening for 3-5 days; The density of the transplanting and planting is: the plant spacing is 15 cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm.

4. The method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate includes perlite and peat with a volume ratio of 1:

1.

5. The method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount according to claim 1, characterized in that, The watering management includes drip irrigation to keep the humidity of the substrate at 60-70%; The disease control management includes regularly spraying drugs to prevent diseases and pests; The diseases include one or more of damping-off, early blight, and late blight; The pests include one or more of aphids, leaf miners, thrips, tuber moths, and whiteflies.

6. The method for breeding potato minitubers with reduced substrate amount according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the third batch of sweet potato harvesting, nutrient supplement management is carried out in combination with disease prevention and control; The fertilizers used for the nutrient management include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and foliar fertilizer.

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