Insect-resistant seedling substrate for organic vegetables and preparation process of insect-resistant seedling substrate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to an insect-resistant seedling substrate for organic vegetables and a preparation process of the insect-resistant seedling substrate. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 to 30 parts of coco coir, 10 to 20 parts of perlite, 5 to 10 parts of charcoal, 1 to 5 parts of insect-resistant plant extract and 1 to 2 parts of microbial agent. The invention provides a formula of an insect-resistant seedling substrate for organic vegetables and a preparation process of the insect-resistant seedling substrate. Technical support is provided for large-scale and standardized production of the organic vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and in particular to an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern agriculture, organic vegetable cultivation is increasingly favored by consumers, as it has no chemical pesticide residues, high nutritional value, good taste, etc., and the market demand is growing year by year. However, there are many problems with traditional seedling substrates, such as easy breeding of pests and diseases, unbalanced nutrients, poor environmental adaptability, etc., which seriously affect the yield and quality of organic vegetables.

[0003] At present, the common seedling substrates on the market mainly include peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, etc. Although these substrates have certain air permeability and water retention, they generally lack insect resistance, and the over-exploitation of peat soil resources has caused damage to the ecological environment. In addition, traditional substrates are prone to produce harmful substances during the fermentation process, which affects the growth and development of seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention proposes a formula of an insect-resistant seedling matrix for organic vegetables and a preparation process thereof, solves the deficiencies in the prior art, provides an efficient, environmentally friendly, insect-resistant seedling matrix, and provides technical support for the large-scale and standardized production of organic vegetables.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling matrix, which is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of insect-resistant plant extracts, and 1-2 parts of microbial agents.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the decomposed organic fertilizer is the product of aerobic fermentation of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the mixing ratio of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 1:1:1, and the organic matter content is not less than 45%.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the particle size of the perlite is 1-3 mm.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the biochar is prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell under anaerobic conditions, wherein the mixing ratio of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell is 1:1:2, and the specific surface area is not less than 300m 2 / g.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the insect-resistant plant extract is one or more combinations of mint, lavender, chinaberry, and wormwood extracts.

[0010] A preparation process of an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, insect-resistant plant extract and microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions and mix and stir for 10-20 minutes to make the matrix raw materials evenly mixed;

[0012] Step 2: Screen the evenly mixed matrix raw materials through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities in other components;

[0013] Step 3: Add appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw material components to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%;

[0014] Step 4: Place the substrate material after adjusting the moisture content into a fermentation tank and ferment it again to further improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the substrate;

[0015] Step 5: After fermentation, cool the substrate to room temperature and use testing equipment to test the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation;

[0016] Step 6: Bag the substrates that have passed the test, seal them and sterilize them to ensure that there are no bacteria or insect eggs left;

[0017] Step 7: Store the sterilized substrate in a dry, ventilated environment and prepare it for vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 4, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-65° C., and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the detection equipment in step five includes a pH meter, a conductivity meter and a microbial activity detector.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the sterilization treatment in step six adopts steam sterilization at a temperature of 120-130° C. for 30-60 minutes.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step seven, the storage environment temperature is 10-25° C., and the relative humidity does not exceed 70%.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Eco-friendliness and resource conservation: The present invention reduces dependence on peat resources by using biochar that has undergone high-temperature pyrolysis to replace part of the peat soil, while efficiently utilizing crop straw and forest waste, which not only alleviates the problem of resource depletion, but also transforms agricultural waste that may cause environmental pollution into high-value seedling matrix materials, thereby realizing the recycling of resources and having positive significance for ecological protection.

[0023] (2) Improving seedling quality and disease and pest resistance: The insect-resistant plant extracts and microbial agents added to the formula of the present invention can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pests, reduce diseases, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings without using chemical pesticides, thereby ensuring the efficiency and safety of the seedling medium and meeting the requirements of organic vegetable cultivation for chemical-free additives.

[0024] (3) Optimizing soil structure and nutrient supply: The combination of decomposed organic fertilizer and coconut bran of the present invention not only provides rich organic matter and trace elements, but also improves the physical structure of the matrix, increases air permeability and water retention, and is beneficial to the development of the root system. At the same time, biochar has a high specific surface area and can absorb harmful substances in the matrix, improve the matrix environment, promote the healthy growth of vegetable seedlings, and improve the comprehensive performance of the seedling matrix. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0026] The present invention provides an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling matrix, which is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of insect-resistant plant extracts, and 1-2 parts of microbial agents. The decomposed organic fertilizer is the product of aerobic fermentation of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure, wherein the mixing ratio of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 1:1:1, and the organic matter content is not less than 45%. The particle size of perlite is 1-3mm. Biochar is obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell under anaerobic conditions, wherein the mixing ratio of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell is 1:1:2, and the specific surface area is not less than 300m 2 / g. The insect-resistant plant extract is one or more combinations of mint, lavender, chinaberry, and wormwood extracts.

[0027] A preparation process of an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix comprises the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, insect-resistant plant extract and microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions and mix and stir for 10-20 minutes to make the matrix raw materials evenly mixed;

[0029] Step 2: Screen the evenly mixed matrix raw materials through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities in other components;

[0030] Step 3: Add appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw material components to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%;

[0031] Step 4: Put the substrate raw materials after adjusting the moisture into the fermentation tank and ferment again. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-65°C and the fermentation time is 7-10 days to further improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the substrate;

[0032] Step 5: After the fermentation is completed, the substrate is cooled to room temperature and the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate are tested by testing equipment, including a pH meter, a conductivity meter and a microbial activity tester, to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation;

[0033] Step 6: Bag the qualified substrates, seal them and sterilize them. Steam sterilization is used at a temperature of 120-130°C for 30-60 minutes to ensure that there are no pathogens and insect eggs left.

[0034] Step 7: Store the sterilized substrate in a dry and ventilated environment at a temperature of 10-25°C and a relative humidity not exceeding 70%, ready for vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] Raw material ratio: decomposed organic fertilizer: 40 parts; coconut bran: 25 parts; perlite: 15 parts; biochar: 8 parts; insect-resistant plant extract (mint extract): 3 parts; microbial agent: 1.5 parts.

[0037] Preparation process

[0038] Step 1: Mixing and stirring: put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, mint extract and microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions, and mix and stir for 15 minutes to ensure that the matrix raw materials are evenly mixed;

[0039] Step 2: Screening: The mixed matrix raw materials are screened through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities;

[0040] Step 3, adjusting the moisture content: adding an appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw materials to adjust the moisture content to 55%;

[0041] Step 4, fermentation: put the substrate raw materials after adjusting the moisture into the fermentation tank, control the fermentation temperature at 60°C, and the fermentation time is 8 days;

[0042] Step 5, testing: After the fermentation is completed, the substrate is cooled to room temperature, and the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate are tested by a pH meter, conductivity meter and microbial activity detector to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation;

[0043] Step 6, sterilization: bag the qualified substrates, seal them and sterilize them by steam sterilization, control the temperature to 125℃, and the time to 45 minutes to ensure that there are no pathogens and insect eggs left;

[0044] Step 7, storage: store the sterilized substrate in a dry and ventilated environment, control the storage environment temperature to 20°C, and the relative humidity not exceeding 70%, and prepare it for vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0045] The seedling medium prepared in Example 1 has good air permeability and water retention, the decomposed organic fertilizer provides rich organic matter and trace elements, the coconut bran improves the physical structure of the medium, the biochar absorbs harmful substances, the mint extract and the microbial agent effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pests, reduce diseases, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] Raw material ratio: decomposed organic fertilizer: 35 parts; coconut bran: 20 parts; perlite: 18 parts; biochar: 7 parts; insect-resistant plant extract (lavender extract): 2 parts; microbial agent: 1 part.

[0048] Preparation process

[0049] Step 1: Mixing and stirring: Put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, lavender extract and microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions, and mix and stir for 10 minutes to ensure that the matrix raw materials are evenly mixed;

[0050] Step 2: Screening: The mixed matrix raw materials are screened through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities;

[0051] Step 3, adjusting the moisture content: adding an appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw materials to adjust the moisture content to 50%;

[0052] Step 4, fermentation: put the substrate raw materials after adjusting the moisture into a fermentation tank, control the fermentation temperature at 55°C, and ferment for 7 days to further improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the substrate;

[0053] Step 5, testing: After the fermentation is completed, the substrate is cooled to room temperature, and the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate are tested by a pH meter, conductivity meter and microbial activity detector to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation;

[0054] Step 6, sterilization: bag the qualified substrates, seal them and sterilize them by steam sterilization, control the temperature at 130°C for 30 minutes to ensure that there are no bacteria and insect eggs left;

[0055] Step 7, storage: store the sterilized substrate in a dry and ventilated environment, control the storage environment temperature to 15°C, and the relative humidity not exceeding 70%, and prepare it for vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0056] The seedling medium prepared in the above Example 2 has good air permeability and water retention, the decomposed organic fertilizer provides rich organic matter, the coconut bran improves the physical structure of the matrix, the biochar absorbs harmful substances, the lavender extract and the microbial agent effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pests, reduce diseases, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0057] Embodiment 3:

[0058] Raw material ratio: decomposed organic fertilizer: 50 parts; coconut bran: 30 parts; perlite: 10 parts; biochar: 10 parts; insect-resistant plant extract (mixed neem extract and mugwort extract, ratio 1:1): 5 parts; microbial agent: 2 parts.

[0059] Preparation process

[0060] Step 1, mixing and stirring: put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, a mixture of neem extract and wormwood extract, and the microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions, and mix and stir for 20 minutes to ensure that the matrix raw materials are evenly mixed;

[0061] Step 2: Screening: The mixed matrix raw materials are screened through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities;

[0062] Step 3, adjusting the moisture content: adding an appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw materials to adjust the moisture content to 60%;

[0063] Step 4, fermentation: put the substrate raw materials after adjusting the moisture into a fermentation tank, control the fermentation temperature at 65°C, and ferment for 10 days to further improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the substrate;

[0064] Step 5, testing: After the fermentation is completed, the substrate is cooled to room temperature, and the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate are tested by a pH meter, conductivity meter and microbial activity detector to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation;

[0065] Step 6, sterilization: bag the qualified substrates, seal them and sterilize them by steam sterilization, control the temperature at 120°C for 60 minutes to ensure that there are no bacteria and insect eggs left;

[0066] Step 7, storage: store the sterilized substrate in a dry and ventilated environment, control the storage environment temperature to 25°C, and the relative humidity not exceeding 70%, ready for vegetable seedling cultivation.

[0067] The seedling medium prepared in the above Example 3 has excellent air permeability and water retention, the decomposed organic fertilizer provides rich organic matter and trace elements, the coconut bran improves the physical structure of the matrix, the biochar adsorbs harmful substances, the mixture of neem extract and wormwood extract and the microbial agent effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pests, reduce diseases, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings, which is particularly suitable for organic vegetable seedlings that are sensitive to diseases and pests.

[0068] Performance Testing

[0069] In order to verify the performance of the organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling substrate prepared in Examples 1-3, the organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling substrate prepared in Examples 1-3 was tested, and the test results are shown in the following table:

[0070] Test items Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 pH 6.5 6.4 6.4 Conductivity (μS / cm) 1262 1187 1269 Microbial activity (CFU / g) <![CDATA[1.54×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[1.39×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[1.62×10 6 ]]> Air permeability (mL / s) 15.38 14.92 15.84 Water retention (%) 58.0 56.4 60.07 Anti-insect effect 94.5％ 90.8％ 92.7％ Seedling germination rate (%) 97 96 98 Seedling growth rate (cm / 7 days) 4.2 4.0 4.5 Seedling weight (g / plant) 1.8 1.7 2.0

[0071] Detailed test description

[0072] (1) pH value test: The pH value of the substrate was measured using a portable pH meter. Three samples were taken for each example and the average value was taken.

[0073] (2) Conductivity test: The conductivity of the substrate was measured using a conductivity meter. Three samples were taken for each example and the average value was taken.

[0074] (3) Microbial activity test: The matrix sample was added to the culture medium for microbial culture. Three samples were taken for measurement in each example, and the average value was taken.

[0075] (4) Air permeability test: The air permeability of the substrate was measured using an air permeability tester. Three samples were taken for each example and the average value was taken.

[0076] (5) Water retention test: The water retention capacity of the substrate under certain conditions was measured. Three samples were taken for each example and the average value was taken.

[0077] (6) Anti-insect effect test: The substrate sample was placed in an environment containing pests to observe the pest invasion. Three samples were taken for measurement in each example and the average value was taken.

[0078] (7) Seedling growth effect test: The substrate was used for actual seedling cultivation, and the germination rate, growth rate and quality of the seedlings were observed and recorded. Three samples were taken for each example for measurement, and the average value was taken.

[0079] Based on the above test results, it can be concluded that the organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling matrix proposed in the present invention performs excellently in terms of pH value, electrical conductivity, microbial activity, air permeability, water retention, insect-resistant effect and seedling growth effect, and meets the high standards for organic vegetable cultivation.

[0080] In summary, the organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling matrix and its preparation process of the present invention not only have significant ecological and environmental benefits, but also can effectively improve the growth quality and disease and pest resistance of vegetable seedlings. Through scientific proportioning and fine technology, the stability and efficiency of the matrix are ensured, providing solid technical support for the large-scale and standardized production of organic vegetables. In the future, this technology is expected to be promoted and applied in more agricultural fields, helping the sustainable development of green agriculture.

[0081] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling substrate, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw material components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of insect-resistant plant extract and 1-2 parts of microbial agent.

2. The organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decomposed organic fertilizer is a product of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure after aerobic fermentation and decomposition, wherein the mixing ratio of chicken manure, cow manure and pig manure is 1:1:1, and the organic matter content is not less than 45%.

3. The organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the perlite is 1-3 mm.

4. The organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell under anaerobic conditions, wherein the mixing ratio of crop straw, forest waste and fruit shell is 1:1:2, and the specific surface area is not less than 300m 2 / g.

5. The organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insect-resistant plant extract is one or more combinations of mint, lavender, chinaberry, and wormwood extracts.

6. A process for preparing an insect-resistant seedling matrix for organic vegetables, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Put the decomposed organic fertilizer, coconut bran, perlite, biochar, insect-resistant plant extract and microbial agent into a blender according to the above proportions and mix and stir for 10-20 minutes to make the matrix raw materials evenly mixed; Step 2: Screen the evenly mixed matrix raw materials through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 3 mm to ensure that there are no large impurities in other components; Step 3: Add appropriate amount of water to the screened matrix raw material components to adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%; Step 4: Place the substrate raw materials after adjusting the moisture content into the fermentation tank and ferment again to further improve the stability and fertilizer efficiency of the substrate; Step 5: After fermentation, cool the substrate to room temperature and use testing equipment to test the pH value, conductivity and microbial activity of the substrate to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements for seedling cultivation; Step 6: Bag the substrates that have passed the test, seal them and sterilize them to ensure that there are no bacteria or insect eggs left; Step 7: Store the sterilized substrate in a dry, ventilated environment and prepare it for vegetable seedling cultivation.

7. The process for preparing an insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix for organic vegetables according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55-65° C. and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

8. The process for preparing an organic vegetable insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection equipment in step five includes a pH meter, a conductivity meter and a microbial activity detector.

9. The process for preparing an insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix for organic vegetables according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sterilization treatment in step six adopts steam sterilization, the temperature is 120-130° C., and the time is 30-60 minutes.

10. The process for preparing an insect-resistant seedling-raising matrix for organic vegetables according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 7, the storage environment temperature is 10-25° C. and the relative humidity does not exceed 70%.