Feed for relieving Holstein calf diarrhea

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for relieving Holstein calf diarrhea, and belongs to the field of feeds. According to the feed provided by the invention, 0.1-0.5% of the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is added on the basis of the basic ration of the calves; the calf basal feed comprises corn, extruded corn, soybean meal, extruded soybeans, wheat bran, whey powder, corn protein powder, calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, table salt and a premix. The achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide additive comprises achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and a licorice extract. By adding the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive into the basic ration of the calves, the growth performance of the Holstein calves can be promoted, the immune function and the antioxidant capacity of the Holstein calves can be improved, diarrhea of the Holstein calves can be prevented and treated, and healthy growth of the calves is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed and relates to a feed for alleviating diarrhea of ​​Holstein calves. Background Art

[0002] Holstein cattle are dairy cattle, with high milk production but low milk fat content, and relatively weak adaptability to roughage. This characteristic is particularly evident in the growth and development of Holstein calves. Therefore, Holstein calves need to be more robust and grow faster to meet the requirements of their dairy offspring.

[0003] Weaning is an important stage in the growth process of Holstein calves. Holstein calves during the weaning period need high-quality protein, carbohydrates, and sufficient minerals and vitamins to ensure the smooth growth and development. However, improper protein sources or ratios can lead to indigestion in Holstein calves, which in turn causes diarrhea. Similarly, too much non-structural carbohydrates (such as starch) may ferment in the intestines of Holstein calves, increasing the risk of diarrhea. The lack of nutrients such as minerals and vitamins can cause damage to the intestinal barrier of Holstein calves, increasing the risk of bacterial invasion and toxin absorption.

[0004] Plant active polysaccharides are a type of biological macromolecular substances extracted and separated from natural plants. They have a series of effects such as immunomodulation, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-aging, intestinal protection, tissue repair and improvement of animal production performance. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Achyranthes bidentata. It has a molecular weight of 1300-1400, has good water solubility, and is easily digested and absorbed by the body. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide exhibits the effects of regulating immunity, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, promoting growth and lowering blood sugar in animals. At present, the research on Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide mainly focuses on the immune regulation of mice, and there are no reports on its application in Holstein calves, especially for diarrhea in Holstein calves. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a feed for alleviating calf diarrhea, aiming to alleviate the diarrhea symptoms of Holstein calves during the weaning period, and specifically solve the problems of indigestion and diarrhea caused by the imbalance of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins in Holstein calves.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves, the feed comprising a calf basic diet and achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive;

[0007] The basic calf diet comprises: corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans, wheat bran, whey powder, corn gluten powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt and premix;

[0008] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive comprises: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract;

[0009] The mass ratio of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and liquorice extract is 2-6:2-4:4-6:7-10.

[0010] Furthermore, in the feed provided by the present invention, the addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.1% to 0.5% of the mass of the basic daily diet of the calf.

[0011] Furthermore, in the feed provided by the present invention, the composition of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is, by weight: 15 to 30 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 10 to 20 parts of malic acid, 20 to 30 parts of tartaric acid, and 35 to 50 parts of licorice extract.

[0012] Furthermore, in the feed provided by the present invention, the composition of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is, by weight: 20 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 15 parts of malic acid, 25 parts of tartaric acid, and 40 parts of licorice extract.

[0013] Furthermore, in the feed provided by the present invention, the composition of the calf basic diet is, by weight: 220 parts of corn, 200 parts of puffed corn, 180 parts of soybean meal, 180 parts of puffed soybeans, 80 parts of wheat bran, 60 parts of whey powder, 40 parts of corn protein powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 17 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, and 10 parts of premix;

[0014] Furthermore, in the feed provided by the present invention, the composition of the premix is: 20000 IU / kg vitamin A, 8000 IU / kg vitamin D, 60 IU / kg vitamin E, 30 mg / kg zinc, 10.5 mg / kg copper, 13 mg / kg iodine, 100 mg / kg iron, 40 mg / kg manganese, 0.3 mg / kg selenium, and 0.5 mg / kg cobalt.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves, comprising: uniformly mixing Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, using a dry extrusion granulator to prepare particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying to obtain Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive;

[0016] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is evenly mixed with the basic diet of calves to prepare the feed.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the feed in preparing feed for improving calf immune function. Compared with the feed additive without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, the IgA content of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive group increased by 32.42% to 37.34%, the IgA content increased by 32.42% to 37.34%, the IgG content increased by 20.68% to 27.75%, the IgM content increased by 1.02% to 1.12%, the IL-β content increased by 1.00% to 1.97%, and the TNF-α content decreased slightly.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of the feed in preparing a feed for improving the antioxidant performance of calves. Compared with the feed additive without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, the MDA content of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive group was reduced by 25.78% to 26.75%, the SOD activity was increased by 18.64% to 19.37%, and the GSH-Px activity was increased by 9.76% to 10.38%.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0020] (1) The feed of the present invention is used for Holstein calves, and the non-diarrhea index of the calves is 65.41% to 68.85%, which is 29.34% to 32.78% higher than that of the feed without the addition of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive can alleviate the diarrhea of ​​calves caused by weaning stress.

[0021] (2) The present invention also detects the immune indexes and antioxidant indexes in the serum of each test group. Compared with the feed without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive, the IgA content of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive group increased by 32.42% to 37.34%, the IgA content increased by 32.42% to 37.34%, the IgG content increased by 20.68% to 27.75%, the IgM content increased by 1.02% to 1.12%, the IL-β content increased by 1.00% to 1.97%, and the TNF-α content decreased slightly; the MDA content decreased by 25.78% to 26.75%, the SOD activity increased by 18.64% to 19.37%, and the GSH-Px activity increased by 9.76% to 10.38%. The feed of the present invention can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of calves.

[0022] (3) The feed of the present invention is used for Holstein calves. Compared with the feed group without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive, the average daily weight gain of Holstein calves is increased by 27.12% to 32.20%, the average feed intake is increased by 11.56% to 12.93%, and the feed-to-weight ratio is decreased by 11.70% to 14.58%. The feed of the present invention can increase the feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of Holstein calves, promote growth, and reduce breeding costs.

[0023] (4) When the key component (Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide) in the feed of the present invention is reduced or replaced, the calf's non-diarrhea index, growth performance, immune index and antioxidant index in serum are all reduced. For example, the calf's non-diarrhea index is reduced by 9.83% to 19.67%, the average daily weight gain is reduced by 7.69% to 17.95%, the IgA content is reduced by 13.04% to 19.53%, and the SOD activity is reduced by 7.23% to 11.43%, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, which promotes the growth performance of calves, improves the immune function and antioxidant capacity of calves, achieves the prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea, and ensures the healthy growth of calves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0025] In the following examples, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide was purchased from Gansu Yishengxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; malic acid was purchased from Shaanxi Chenming Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; L-tartaric acid was purchased from Shaanxi Rankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and licorice extract was purchased from Shaanxi Muyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This embodiment provides a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves.

[0028] The feed in this embodiment includes Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive and a basic diet. The addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.30% of the weight of the basic diet. The basic diet is shown in Table 1.

[0029] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive described in this embodiment comprises the following components: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, wherein the mass ratio of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract is 2:4:4:10.

[0030] The components of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive are as follows: 10 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 20 parts of malic acid, 20 parts of L-tartaric acid and 50 parts of licorice extract by weight. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract are mixed evenly according to the above formula, and then a dry extrusion granulator is used to prepare particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying is performed to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive.

[0031] The feed described in this example was fed to Holstein calves, and the average daily weight gain of the Holstein calves was 0.76 kg / d, the average feed intake was 1.67 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.20, and the non-diarrhea index (0 points is normal, the calculation method is shown in Example 6) was 67.28%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] This embodiment provides a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves.

[0034] The feed in this embodiment includes Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive and a basic diet. The addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.25% of the weight of the basic diet. The basic diet is shown in Table 1.

[0035] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive described in this embodiment comprises the following components: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, wherein the mass ratio of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract is 4:3:5:8.

[0036] The components of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive are as follows: 20 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 15 parts of malic acid, 25 parts of L-tartaric acid and 40 parts of licorice extract by weight. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract are mixed evenly according to the above formula, and then a dry extrusion granulator is used to prepare particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying is performed to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive.

[0037] The feed described in this example was fed to Holstein calves, and the average daily weight gain of the Holstein calves was 0.78 kg / d, the average feed intake was 1.66 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.13, and the non-diarrhea index (0 points is normal, the calculation method is shown in Example 6) was 68.85%.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] This embodiment provides a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves.

[0040] The feed in this embodiment includes Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive and a basic diet. The addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.50% of the weight of the basic diet. The basic diet is shown in Table 1.

[0041] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive described in this embodiment comprises the following components: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, wherein the mass ratio of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract is 5:2:6:7.

[0042] The components of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive are as follows: 25 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 10 parts of malic acid, 30 parts of L-tartaric acid and 35 parts of licorice extract by weight. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract are mixed evenly according to the above formula, and then a dry extrusion granulator is used to prepare particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying is performed to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive.

[0043] The feed described in this example was fed to Holstein calves, and the average daily weight gain of the Holstein calves was 0.77 kg / d, the average feed intake was 1.69 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.19, and the non-diarrhea index (0 points is normal, the calculation method is shown in Example 6) was 66.54%.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] This embodiment provides a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves.

[0046] The feed in this embodiment includes Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive and a basic diet. The addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.50% of the weight of the basic diet. The basic diet is shown in Table 1.

[0047] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive described in this embodiment comprises the following components: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract, wherein the mass ratio of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract is 6:2:4:8.

[0048] The components of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive are as follows: 30 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 10 parts of malic acid, 20 parts of L-tartaric acid and 40 parts of licorice extract by weight. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract are mixed evenly according to the above formula, and then a dry extrusion granulator is used to prepare particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying is performed to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive.

[0049] The feed described in this example was fed to Holstein calves, and the average daily weight gain of the Holstein calves was 0.74 kg / d, the average feed intake was 1.62 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.18, and the non-diarrhea index (0 points is normal, the calculation method is shown in Example 6) was 68.36%.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] This example provides a test method for feeding Holstein calves.

[0052] 1. Preliminary preparations for the test

[0053] Table 1 Basic diet composition and nutritional level

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Note: The ingredients and content of the premix are: 20000IU / kg vitamin A, 8000IU / kg vitamin D, 60IU / kg vitamin E, 30mg / kg zinc, 10.5mg / kg copper, 13mg / kg iodine, 100mg / kg iron, 40mg / kg manganese, 0.3mg / kg selenium, 0.5mg / kg cobalt.

[0057] The present embodiment was experimented in Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, and the trial period was from June to July 2024. 60 Holstein calves of 60 days of age (weaning period) and similar weight were selected for the experiment, and the 60 cows were divided into 6 groups, 10 in each group. The calves were fed a basic diet before the experiment, and 2L of normal milk was uniformly fed to the calves at 15:00 every day, fed for a week as a transition, and then completely weaned. During the weaning period, 5g of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive was added to the normal milk fed to the calves for adverse reactions caused by weaning stress. The basic diet described in this embodiment is shown in Table 1, and the treatment methods of each experimental group are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Treatment methods of each experimental group

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] 2. Animal Management

[0062] During the weaning period, the calves should be carefully observed for any discomfort. After weaning, the calves are raised in small groups, with 10 cows in each fence, and the fences are disinfected regularly. The formal trial period is 10 days. During the trial, feed is fed at 7, 15, and 22 o'clock every day, and sufficient clean drinking water is provided. The feeding trough is cleaned before adding feed, and the calves are allowed to eat and drink freely, and the feed intake is recorded. After feeding every day, the feces is cleaned and the cows are brushed to keep the environment clean.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] This comparative example provides a test method for feeding Simmental calves.

[0065] This comparative example is the same as the test group 4 of the embodiment, except that the test animals of this comparative example are Simmental calves.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] This example provides the changes in production performance of calves in each test group.

[0068] 1. Analysis of diarrhea index in each experimental group

[0069] During the experimental period, the calf defecation was observed at 14:00 every day, the degree of diarrhea and the number of diarrhea days of each group of calves were recorded, and the diarrhea index was calculated. The calculation formula was: diarrhea index = (number of calves with diarrhea × number of diarrhea days) / (number of experimental calves × number of experimental days). Table 3 shows the feces scoring standard.

[0070] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, the normal index of 0 points of the feed additive without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and used in combination with conventional diet (experimental group 1) increased by 13.11%, and the indexes of 1 point mild, 2 points moderate and 3 points severe decreased by 3.28%, 4.09% and 3.28% respectively, indicating that malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extracts can alleviate calf diarrhea. Compared with the feed additive without adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (experimental group 1), the normal index of 0 points of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive (experimental group 4) of the present invention increased by 19.67%, and the indexes of 1 point mild, 2 points moderate and 3 points severe decreased by 7.38%, 7.05% and 5.41% respectively, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide extract of the present invention can effectively alleviate the diarrhea caused by weaning stress in calves. Further, the present invention replaces the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide in the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive with Astragalus polysaccharide (experimental group 2), and the normal index of 0 points decreases by 9.83%, and the indexes of 1 point mild, 2 points moderate and 3 points severe increase by 4.10%, 4.59% and 2.13% respectively, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract in the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed of the present invention. The present invention also verifies the effect of different addition amounts of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive on the relief of calf diarrhea. When the addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide is 0.1% to 0.5%, the normal index of the calf is 65.41% to 68.85%, the mild index of 1 point is 22.13% to 24.26%, the moderate index of 2 points is 5.25% to 8.20%, and the severe index of 3 points is 1.15% to 1.64%.

[0071] The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention is fed to Simmental calves, and the normal index of the calves is 67.70% at 0 points, the mild index is 22.95% at 1 point, the moderate index is 7.87% at 2 points, and the severe index is 1.15% at 3 points. Compared with the Holstein calves in the test groups 3 to 5 in Example 5, the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive has a similar effect on relieving diarrhea in calves.

[0072] Table 3 Standard scoring of feces

[0073] degree Appearance score Normal stool The stool is in good shape and solid 0 Mild diarrhea The stool is semi-formed and in a soft state 1 Moderate diarrhea The stool is watery but has visible solid components 2 Severe diarrhea Completely watery stool 3

[0074] Table 4 Diarrhea index of each test group

[0075] Diarrhea Index Control group Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Experimental Group 5 Comparative Example 1 0 points: normal (%) 36.07 49.18 59.02 65.41 68.85 66.56 67.70％ 1 point Mild (%) 32.79 29.51 26.23 24.26 22.13 23.61 22.95％ 2 points Moderate (%) 16.39 12.30 9.84 6.23 5.25 8.20 7.87％ 3 points severe (%) 9.84 6.56 3.28 1.64 1.15 1.48 1.15％

[0076] 2. Analysis of immune indicators in serum of each experimental group

[0077] On the morning of the 10th day of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the calves before feeding. After static centrifugation, the serum was separated and used for the detection of immune indicators. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0078] Compared with the control group, the IgA levels of group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4 and group 5 increased by 10.51%, 19.43%, 33.71%, 37.34% and 32.42%, respectively; the IgG levels increased by 5.70%, 18.89%, 21.39%, 21.75% and 20.68%, respectively; the IgM levels increased by 0.04%, 0.75%, 1.06%, 1.12% and 1.02%, respectively; the IL-β levels increased by 0.68%, 0.41%, 1.00%, 1.97% and 1.09%, respectively; for the TNF-α content, group 3, group 4 and group 5 decreased by 0.17%, 0.32% and 0.27%, respectively, and group 1 and group 2 increased by 0.74% and 0.56%, respectively.

[0079] Immunoglobulin is an important component of humoral immunity, mainly present in blood, body fluids and tissues. When bacteria or viruses invade the body, immunoglobulin can play an effective defensive role, so immunoglobulin has an important protective function for the body. IgG is an important part of the body's immune epidemic prevention system, plays a certain immune protection role on the body, and activates complement and neutralizes toxins in immune response; IgA is mainly distributed in mucosal tissues, can inhibit the attachment of microorganisms to the respiratory epithelium, slow down virus reproduction, has an important immune barrier effect, has antibody activity against certain viruses, bacteria and general antigens, and is the first line of defense to prevent pathogens from invading the body; IgM plays an important role in the acute infection period of the disease. The IgA content and IgG content of the experimental group increased significantly compared with the control group, and the IgM content was slightly higher than the control group. The above data show that compared with the feed additive containing malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract (experimental group 1), the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention (experimental group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5) has a significant effect on improving the content of immunoglobulin. Specifically, although the experimental group 1 has a certain improvement effect, its effect is far less than that of the groups using the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive. Furthermore, when the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide was replaced with Astragalus polysaccharide (experimental group 2) in the experiment, the content of immunoglobulin not only did not increase further, but slightly decreased. The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention was fed to Simmental calves (Comparative Example 1), and the IgA content, IgG content and IgM content were all inferior to the feeding effect of Holstein cattle (experimental groups 3 to 5).

[0080] Table 5 Immune indicators in calf serum

[0081]

[0082] Cytokines (IL-β) are the main mediators in immune response reactions. Cytokines include both pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors. When inflammation occurs in the body, a large amount of anti-inflammatory factors are produced, thereby enhancing the body's resistance to pathogens. In addition, anti-inflammatory factors can inhibit the production of TNF-α. TNF-α is a type of cytokine that can directly cause tumor cell death. It is produced by mononuclear macrophages and has a variety of biological effects, mainly mediating anti-tumor and regulating the body's immune function. The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention can increase the content of anti-inflammatory factors and reduce the content of TNF-α, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive can improve the body's anti-inflammatory ability. The IL-β content in the serum of Simmental calves (Comparative Example 1) is still lower than that of Holstein calves (experimental groups 3 to 5), while the content of TNF-α is slightly higher than that of Holstein calves, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive improves the anti-inflammatory ability of Holstein calves higher than that of Simmental calves.

[0083] 3. Analysis of antioxidant indexes in serum of each experimental group

[0084] On the morning of the 10th day of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the calves before feeding. After static centrifugation, the serum was separated and used for the detection of antioxidant indicators. The test results are shown in Table 6.

[0085] Compared with the control group, the MDA contents of experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5 decreased by 9.44%, 13.75%, 25.78%, 26.75% and 26.03%, respectively; the SOD activities increased by 5.78%, 10.79%, 18.94%, 19.37% and 18.64%, respectively; and the GSH-Px activities increased by 3.46%, 7.42%, 9.87%, 10.38% and 9.76%, respectively.

[0086] Table 6 Antioxidant indexes in calf serum

[0087]

[0088] Adding Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive to the basic diet of calves can improve the antioxidant capacity of calves by increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and reducing the content of MDA. The present invention reduces (experimental group 1) or replaces (experimental group 2) the key component of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive, and the antioxidant capacity of calves is reduced, which further proves the synergistic effect between Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract. In addition, the antioxidant index in the serum of Simmental calves in Comparative Example 1 is slightly lower than that of Holstein calves, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive has a more significant effect on improving the antioxidant capacity of Holstein calves.

[0089] 4. Analysis of production performance of each test group

[0090] Compared with the control group, the feed additive without Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (experimental group 1) increased the average daily weight gain by 8.47%, the average feed intake by 2.04%, and the feed-to-weight ratio by 5.93%; the feed additive with Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide replaced by Astragalus polysaccharide (experimental group 2) increased the average daily weight gain by 22.03%, the average feed intake by 10.88%, and the feed-to-weight ratio by 9.14%; the average daily weight gain of experimental groups 3, 4, and 5 increased by 27.12%, 32.20%, and 28.81%, respectively, the average feed intake by 12.24%, 12.93%, and 11.56%, respectively, and the feed-to-weight ratio by 11.70%, 14.58%, and 13.39%, respectively. Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive can increase the feed intake and feed utilization of calves, thereby improving the production performance of animals. When the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide in the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention is reduced or replaced, the calf's feed intake and conversion rate fail to reach the optimal level of the present invention, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract in the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention. The average feed intake and average daily weight gain of Simmental calves (Comparative Example 1) on feed containing Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive are similar to those of Holstein calves (experimental groups 3 to 5), and the feed-to-weight ratio is slightly higher than that of Holstein calves, indicating that the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive of the present invention is more suitable for Holstein calves, and the effect of improving the production performance of Holstein calves is better than that of other cattle species.

[0091] Table 7 Growth performance of test cattle in each test group

[0092] project Control group Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Experimental Group 5 Comparative Example 1 Average initial body weight (kg) 89.34 92.42 91.66 90.82 90.39 89.86 85.42 Average final body weight (kg) 95.24 98.82 98.86 98.32 98.19 97.46 92.82 Average daily weight gain (kg / d) 0.59 0.64 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.76 0.74 Average feed intake (kg / d) 1.47 1.50 1.63 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.65 Material weight ratio 2.49 2.34 2.26 2.20 2.13 2.16 2.23

[0093] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves, characterized in that: The feed comprises a calf basic diet and achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive; The basic calf diet comprises: corn, puffed corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans, wheat bran, whey powder, corn gluten powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt and premix; The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive comprises: Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract; The mass ratio of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and liquorice extract is 2-6:2-4:4-6:7-10.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The addition amount of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is 0.1% to 0.5% of the mass of the basic daily diet of the calf.

3. The feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is as follows, by weight: 15 to 30 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 10 to 20 parts of malic acid, 20 to 30 parts of tartaric acid, and 35 to 50 parts of licorice extract.

4. The feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composition of the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is as follows, by weight: 20 parts of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, 15 parts of malic acid, 25 parts of tartaric acid, and 40 parts of licorice extract.

5. The feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of weight, the composition of the calf basic diet is: 220 parts of corn, 200 parts of puffed corn, 180 parts of soybean meal, 180 parts of puffed soybeans, 80 parts of wheat bran, 60 parts of whey powder, 40 parts of corn protein powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 17 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, and 10 parts of premix.

6. The feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to claim 5, characterized in that: The premix comprises: 20000 IU / kg vitamin A, 8000 IU / kg vitamin D, 60 IU / kg vitamin E, 30 mg / kg zinc, 10.5 mg / kg copper, 13 mg / kg iodine, 100 mg / kg iron, 40 mg / kg manganese, 0.3 mg / kg selenium and 0.5 mg / kg cobalt.

7. A method for preparing a feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves, characterized in that: include: The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide, malic acid, L-tartaric acid and licorice extract are uniformly mixed, and a dry extrusion granulator is used to make particles with a particle diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and vacuum drying is performed to obtain the Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive; The Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide feed additive is evenly mixed with the basic diet of calves to prepare the feed.

8. Use of the feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in preparing feed for improving the immune function of calves.

9. Use of the feed for alleviating diarrhea in Holstein calves according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in preparing a feed for improving the antioxidant properties of calves.

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